Job posting trends (preliminary findings) - ECO Canada€¦ · Job posting trends (preliminary...

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Canadian Environmental Employment Job posting trends (preliminary findings) September 2017 Photo credit: Josh Calabrese

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Canadian Environmental Employment

Job posting trends (preliminary findings)

September 2017

Photo credit: Josh Calabrese

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About ECO Canada

For over 20 years, we’ve studied the environmental labour market and

examined ways to improve access for new graduates as well as those

entering the industry mid-career.

The data we collect provides insights on environmental career trends,

from top jobs to skills gaps to high-growth sectors. Governments,

educators, youth and industry planners use our findings to make

decisions and formulate strategy.

Our research has also informed our development of the

Environmental Professional Certification (EP) ̶̶̶̶̶̶̶̶̶ an occupational

standard for skills and training ̶̶̶ as well as ongoing training and

professional development for Canada’s EPs.

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Introduction▪ Environmental employment is cross-sectoral (spread across

industries), and previously, environmental occupations could not be

organized into individual Statistics Canada National Occupational

Classifications (NOCs).

▪ Therefore, ECO Canada developed the National Occupational Standards

(NOS) for environmental work. The NOS have many applications,

including certifying qualified environmental workers with the

Environmental Professional certification.

▪ The development of these standards has enabled ECO to develop a

framework, whereby environmental work (NOS) falls into 3 sectors and

13 sub-sectors. For more information: http://www.eco.ca/wp-

content/uploads/2016-NOS-for-Environmental-Professionals.pdf. This

ECO Canada Sector Model, is a useful tool for classifying environmental

jobs, goods, services and technologies that contribute to environmental

protection, resource management and sustainability in Canada.

▪ To gather its labour market information, ECO Canada has primarily

used employer surveys, which represent point-in-time information and

are costly to implement.

A: Environmental Protection

• Air Quality• Water Quality• Site Assessment and

Reclamation• Waste Management• Environmental Health

and Safety

B: Resource Management

• Energy (Efficiency and Renewables)

• Natural Resource Management

• Fisheries and Wildlife Management

C: Sustainability

• Policy and Legislation• Sustainability• Research and

Development• Education and training• Communications and

Public Awareness

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IntroductionECO Canada is moving away from large multifaceted surveys as its primary source of labour market

information and is examining new ways of measuring environmental employment. The following report

is one of a suite of four preliminary reports:

▪ Canadian Environmental Employment: Summary Analysis

▪ This report introduces some new concepts and ways of exploring trends in environmental employment. It

summarizes the major findings of the following three, more detailed reports.

▪ Canadian Environmental Employment: Job Posting Trends

▪ This report looks at how job posting analysis can be useful in looking at hiring trends and presents some

findings for environmental employment.

▪ Canadian Environmental Employment: Supply and Demand

▪ ECO Canada has begun work on a supply-demand model, and this report presents some early findings.

▪ Canadian Environmental Employment: Environmental Goods and Services

▪ This report analyses data from UK-company kMatrix and presents major findings on market size and

employment. It also looks at the contribution of each ECO Canada sub-sector to Canada’s GDP.

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Introduction

B: Resource Management

• Energy (Efficiency and Renewables)

• Natural Resource Management

• Fisheries and Wildlife Management

In 2012, ECO Canada began using Job Posting Analysis (JPA) for

estimating the size of the core environmental workers in

Canada (workers who have at least one of ECO Canada’s NOS)

and mapping them to the NOC code (because each job posting

is related to a NOC code).

Now that a form of NOS▪ -NOC mapping can be obtained ECO

Canada is using the JPA to feed into a Labour Market

Modelling System that will provide a more comprehensive

picture of supply and demand for the environmental

workforce.

This report focuses on job postings and provides an analysis ▪

of trends for the environmental sector and for ECO

Canada’s sub-sectors. A separate report on environmental

supply and demand will accompany this report in

September 2017.

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WHAT IS JOB

POSTING ANALYSIS?

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What Is Job Posting Analysis?

▪ Spiders or bots crawl across the web and collect job ad information. This process

usually follows a fixed schedule, spidering a predetermined bucket of websites.

▪ Once the data is located, they are extracted and coded into specific elements. The

focus is on the context and sentence structure to determine the form, subject and

meaning of each job ad.

▪ Algorithms that identify environmental employment, environmental sub-sectors and

environmental National Occupational Standards (NOS) are applied to the job ad

database. Jobs that match these criteria are tagged and summarized into a quarterly

time series.

▪ From here, we can analyze some environmental trends in job advertisements.

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WHY IS JOB POSTING

DATA USEFUL?

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Why Is Job Posting Data Useful?

Good for job seekers

▪ Good source of information on skills in demand and

companies that are hiring.

Good for policymakers

▪ Real-time data that enables early detection of labour demand trends.

Good for researchers

▪ Only way to link environmental jobs to the existing NOC codes.

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Challenges with Job Scraping▪ Not all jobs are advertised, and not all job ads are fully translated into jobs. Job ads do, however, serve as a

leading indicator of ensuing hiring trends, and it is possible to discern relationships between the number

of jobs ads compared to the actual number of hires.

▪ The common practice of posting the same job ads on multiple websites can lead to considerable over-

estimation of job ads. (The process to identify and remove duplicate jobs as is known as deduplication).

For this reason, it is important to impose time frames. ECO Canada considers that after 60 days, the same

job ad is considered to be new.

▪ Job ads collected every quarter can be irregular due to the following reasons:

• Seasonality: Q1 and Q2 typically have higher number of job ads, while Q4 is typically the lowest

• Sources: More sources (employer websites/aggregators) are added each quarter to increase the number of job ads collected

• Spidering technology: Some job aggregators try to prevent bots from scraping their website, leading to a drop in collected job ads

▪ In order to overcome variations in the data attributed to data collection difficulties, the proportion of environmental job ads compared to total job ads is used for trend analysis.

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WHAT WE DID

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What We Did

▪ Job ad data is provided by Burning Glass Technologies, an online job ads aggregator, and

analyzed and tagged by Field Guide Consulting to identify environmental job ads.

▪ Between Q1 2013 and Q4 2016, a large subset of online job postings were scraped and

analysed to see if they required environmental skills (competencies as defined by ECO

Canada).

▪ Those postings were further analysed to classify them according to the NOC and ECO

Canada subsector. Matching is done at 1, 2 and 3-digit NOC levels to make sure all

environmental jobs are scraped.

▪ The data presented here was recorded on a national level by quarter.

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ENVIRONMENT SECTOR TRENDS

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Total vs Environmental Canadian Job Ads, Annual

▪ Data collection started in 2013, so as more

sources (employer website/ aggregators)

were added, an increase in job ad

numbers was seen between 2013 and

2014.

▪ Total job ads peaked in 2014 at 1.3

million and dropped to 1 million by 2016

as economy slowed down in 2015/2016.

▪ Environmental job ads mirrored total job

ads in that they peaked in 2014 with

nearly 29,000 environmental job

postings and dropped to nearly 21,000 in

2016.

815,027

1,302,753

1,116,5991,070,706

22,659 29,074 23,302 20,931

0

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

1,400,000

2013 (pilot year) 2014 2015 2016

Nu

mb

er

of

tota

l jo

b a

ds

Job ads

All job ads Environmental job adsPilot year all job ads

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Environmental Job Ads, Quarterly

▪ Q2 and Q3 2014 experienced

the highest number of postings

for environmental jobs at

nearly 8,500 and 8,000

respectively.

Quarterly, the number of job ads ▪

appears to be quite erratic, and

more data needs to be gathered

for trends; however, we can see

that Q3 has the highest number

of job postings in 3 out of the 4

years shown, and Q4 2016 is the

only year to see fewer than 5,000

job postings.

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

8,000

9,000

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013 (pilot year) 2014 2015 2016

Nu

mb

er

of

en

viro

nm

en

t jo

b a

ds

Number of environmental job ads

2013 (pilot year) Q1 2013 (pilot year) Q2 2013 (pilot year) Q3 2013 (pilot year) Q4

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Proportion of Canadian Environmental Job Ads

▪ The proportion of environmental job ads is defined as the percentage of total job ads that require environmental competencies.

▪ The environmental sector in this report refers to the total number of job ads that contained at least one environmental competency.

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Proportion of Canadian Environmental Jobs▪ Q1 saw the highest proportion of

environmental job ads in each of the

years presented.

▪ Q3 saw the lowest proportion of

environmental job ads in each of the

years presented.

▪ The highest environmental proportion

(2.9%) was experienced in 2013,

which was the pilot year and before

commodity prices collapsed.

▪ Even though Q2 and Q3 2014 had the

highest number of environmental job

postings, the proportion of job ads,

compared to total job ads was among

the lowest.

2.9%

2.7%

2.8%

1.9%

2.5%

1.9%

2.2%

1.7%

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013 2014 2015 2016In

cid

en

ce C

om

par

ed

to

All

Job

s

Environmental Sector - Job Posting Proportion

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Top 10 NOCs in the Environmental Sector (Share)

▪ The top 10 NOCs in terms

of share of job ads remain

consistent over the 4 years

with only one difference in

2014. Agriculture and

horticulture workers

steadily increase in share to

become the top ranked

NOC by 2016, followed by

other technical inspectors

and regulatory officers, and

civil, mechanical, electrical

and chemical engineers.

▪ The 10 NOCs make up

approximately 60% of the

total sector.4%

0%

10%

0%

15%

0%

15%13%

0%

10%

0%

9%

0%

9%3%

0%

3%

0%

3%

0%

3%4%

0%

3%

0%

3%

0%

3%4%

0%

4%

0%

4%

0%

4%5%

0%

4%

0%

4%

0%

3%4%

0%

3%

0%

3%

0%

2%7%

0%

6%

0%

6%

0%

5%

13%

0%

15%

0%

14%

0%

12%

3%0%

0%

2%

0%

2%

2 0 1 3 2 0 1 4 2 0 1 5 2016

Legislators and seniormanagement

Human resources and businessservice professionals

Other technical inspectors andregulatory officers

Managers in financial andbusiness services

Managers in engineering,architecture, science andinformation systems

Other engineers

Life science professionals

Computer and informationsystems professionals

Cleaners

Civil, mechanical, electrical andchemical engineers

Agriculture and horticultureworkers

Top 10 NOCs and Share of Environmental Sector

59% or 13,422

environmental job ads

60% or 17,465

environmental job ads

61% or 15,215

environmental job ads

60% or 12,622

environmental job ads

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Top 3 NOCs in the Environmental Sector▪ Discounting the pilot year, three NOCs have consistently maintained the top-three

largest shares of the environmental job ads.

▪ Agriculture and horticulture workers is the only NOC to consistently increase its share of

the sector over the four years of job ads.

2013 2014 2015 2016

Rank NOC Share NOC Share NOC Share NOC Share

1

(NOC 213) Civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineers

12.9%

(NOC 226) Other technical inspectors and regulatory officers

15.0%

(NOC 843) Agriculture and horticulture workers

15.0%(NOC 843) Agriculture and horticulture workers

15.4%

2

(NOC 226) Other technical inspectors and regulatory officers

12.9%

(NOC 843) Agriculture and horticulture workers

10.2%

(NOC 226) Other technical inspectors and regulatory officers

13.7%

(NOC 226) Other technical inspectors and regulatory officers

12.5%

3

(NOC 012) Managers in financial and business services

7.0%

(NOC 213) Civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineers

9.8%

(NOC 213) Civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineers

8.8%

(NOC 213) Civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineers

8.6%

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Environmental Sector Summary

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All job ads peaked in 2014 at 1.3 million and dropped to 1 million in 2016 12 Environmental job ads also peaked in 2014 at 30,000 dropped to 21,000 by 2016.

4Agriculture and horticulture workers, Other technical inspectors and

regulatory officers, and Civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical

engineers were consistently in the top 3 NOCs form 2014 to 2016.

3 Q1 consistently saw the highest proportion of environmental jobs and Q3

saw the lowest.

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SUB-SECTOR TRENDS

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Sub-sector Trends▪ From 2014-2016, Natural

Resource Management has

the highest number of job

ads, followed by

environmental health and

safety.

▪ NOCs, such as agriculture and

horticulture, that have a high

number of job ads within

these larger sub-sectors

exhibited a large share of the

environment sector as a

whole.

▪ The sub-sector with the

lowest number of job ads is

Fisheries and Wildlife

Management.

NOTE: The sum of job ads by sub-sector may or may not match the total for the environmental sector since there can be a single job ad that is mapped to in multiple sub-sectors.

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5,009 8,138 7,587 7,048

5,119

6,881 4,811

4,517

3,098

4,017

3,440 3,461

3,635

4,059

3,196 2,792

3,375

3,417

2,476 2,411

1,434

1,942

1,708 1,497

1,839

1,806

1,484 1,313

1,368

1,763

1,303

1,266

1,294

1,632

1,202

1,263

1,241

1,396

1,315

966

1,388

1,437

1,089

967

1,062

1,127

933

885

1,014

994

753

839

773

1,077

782

747

0

5,000

10,000

15,000

20,000

25,000

30,000

35,000

40,000

2013 (pilot year) 2014 2015 2016

Number of job advertisements by ECO sub-sector

Fisheries and Wildlife Management

Air Quality

Energy - Renewables

Site Assessment and Reclamation

Education and Training

Policy and legislation

Communications and public Awareness

Research and Development

Sustainability

Energy - Efficiency

Water Quality

Waste Management

Environmental Health and Safety

Natural Resource Management

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Sub-sector Trends – Environmental Protection

▪ Within the Environmental

Protection Sector, Environmental

Health and Safety has the

highest proportion of

environmental job ads, followed

by Waste Management and Water

Quality.

▪ Waste Management is the only

sub-sector to experience a higher

environmental percentage at the

end of the analysis period (Q4

2016) than at the beginning.

▪ However, all sub-sectors in

Environmental Protection started

to recover in Q4 2016 as economy

began to improve.

0.0%

0.1%

0.2%

0.3%

0.4%

0.5%

0.6%

0.7%

0.8%

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013 2014 2015 2016

Air Quality Water Quality

Site Assessment and Reclamation Waste Management

Environmental Health and Safety

Environmental Protection sub-sector job ads as percentage of all job ads

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Sub-sector Trends – Environmental Protection

Air Quality Water QualitySite Assessment and

Reclamation Waste Management

Environmental Health

and Safety

2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016

Civil, mechanical, electrical

and chemical engineersP P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Life science professionals P P P P P P

Managers in financial and

business servicesP P P P P P P P P

Other engineers P P P

Managers in engineering,

architecture, science and

information systems

P

Longshore workers and

material handlersP P P

Motor vehicle and transit

driversP P P P

Cleaners P

Utilities equipment operators

and controllersP P P P

Harvesting, landscaping and

natural resources labourersP P

Plumbers, pipefitters and gas

fittersP

Sales and account

representatives - wholesale

trade (non-technical)

P

Other technical inspectors

and regulatory officersP P P P P P P P

Table of top 3 NOCs with the highest number of jobs in each sub-sector by year

▪ Civil, mechanical,

electrical and chemical

engineers appear at

some point in the top

3 NOCs for all

Environmental

Protection sub-

sectors.

▪ Site Assessment and

Reclamation has the

most consistent top 3

NOCs over the four

years.

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Sub-sector Trends –Resource Management

▪ Among the Resource Management

sector, Natural Resource

Management has the largest

proportion of environmental jobs,

followed by Energy - Efficiency.

▪ All sub-sectors recovered somewhat

in Q4 2016 except Fisheries and

Wildlife Management. The price of

fish continued to drop in 2016,

partially accounting for lower

industry investment.0.0%

0.1%

0.2%

0.3%

0.4%

0.5%

0.6%

0.7%

0.8%

0.9%

1.0%

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013 2014 2015 2016

Natural resource management Energy - efficiency

Energy - renewables Fisheries and wildlife management

Resource management sub-sector job ads as percentage of all job ads

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Sub-sector Trends – Resource Management

▪ Agriculture is the top NOC for

all 4 years in NRM, the largest

sub-sector.

▪ Civil, mechanical, electrical

and chemical engineers are in

the top 3 NOCs for all Resource

Management sub-sectors except

FWM where life sciences are by

far the most prevalent NOC.

Natural Resource

Management (NRM)Energy – Efficiency Energy – Renewables

Fisheries and Wildlife

Management (FWM)

2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016

Agriculture and

horticulture workersP P P P

Civil, mechanical,

electrical and chemical

engineers

P P P P P P P P P P P P

Life science

professionalsP P P P P P P P P

Managers in financial

and business servicesP P P P P P P P P

Other engineers P

Technical occupations

in life sciencesP P P P

Computer and

information systems

professionals

P P P P P

Corporate sales

managersP

Managers in

agriculture,

horticulture and

aquaculture

P P P

Table of top 3 NOCs with the highest number of jobs in each sub-sector by year

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Sub-sector Trends - Sustainability

▪ The sub-sectors in this category move

in tandem. Most of the jobs in

environmental Sustainability include a

combination of education, research,

policy/legislation and communications

skill requirements.

▪ The spike in Q1 2015 is mainly due to

recovery in energy prices in Q1 2015

that could not be sustained after oil

prices dropped for the rest of 2015

and into 2016.

▪ All sub-sectors recovered somewhat in

Q4 2016, however education and

training did not rebound to the same

level. It is not uncommon for training

to experience a lag, even as the

economy recovers.

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0.0%

0.1%

0.2%

0.3%

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

2013 2014 2015 2016

Research and Development Communications and Public Awareness

Sustainability Policy and Legislation

Education and Training

Sustainability sub-sector job ads as percentage of all job ads

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Sub-sector Trends - Sustainability

Policy and Legislation Sustainability Education and TrainingResearch and

Development

Communications and

Public Awareness

2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016 2013 2014 2015 2016

Civil, mechanical,

electrical and chemical

engineers

P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Life science

professionalsP P P P P P P P

Managers in financial

and business servicesP P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P P

Legislators and senior

managementP

Policy and program

researchers,

consultants and officers

P P P P P P P

Physical science

professionalsP

University professors

and post-secondary

assistants

P P P P

Judges, lawyers and

Quebec notariesP P

Other technical

inspectors and

regulatory officers

P P P P P

Table of top 3 NOCs with the highest number of jobs in each sub-sector by year

▪ Managers in

financial and

business services

are in the top 3

NOCs for all

Sustainability sub-

sectors, and Civil,

mechanical

engineers etc. are

once again in the

top 3 for almost all

the sub-sectors.

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Sub-sector Summary

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Natural Resource Management had the largest proportion of environmental job ads among all ECO

Canada’s sub-sectors1

2Within NRM, agriculture and horticulture had the highest number of job ads (more than 3,000

in 2016), highlighting the need for workers in this field.

4 Research and Development had the fewest number of NOCs.

3 Waste Management had the highest number of NOCs.

5Civil, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineers were in the top 3

NOCs in 12 out of 14 sub-sectors (the most of any NOC), suggesting

the most transferability between sub-sectors is in this NOC.

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Conclusion ▪ Overall environmental job ads increased from 2013 to 2014, but dropped considerably in

2015/2016.

Outlook is promising

▪ Q1 2016 was the bottom for commodity prices, and job ads data for most of sub-sectors have

picked up in last quarter of 2016.

▪ Federal government supports clean technology and desires to address climate change and

pollution.

▪ Canada’s job creation in the first half of 2017 has been strong, including the latest increase in

June according to the Conference Board of Canada. The labour market momentum aligns with

other indicators suggesting that the Canadian economy grew by close to 3% in the 2nd quarter.

September 2017 - preliminary

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