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CSIR- Council of Scientific and industrialResearch notifies Joint CSIR-UGC Testfor Junior Research Fellowship and Eligibility for LectureshipLast Date : 25.08.2015 (pg 44-46)

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A rt is an expression of human imagi-nation, creativity and emotions. Art

has always been a source of inspirationfor mankind. It has also consoled us inthe time of despondency and disappoint-ment. The way to express or exhibit thefeelings of human heart is called ‘Art’,where creativeness accompanies apti-tude. Through art, man manifests feelingsand expresses his thoughts withoutwords and voice. Since ancient times,man has been taking to art to get rid oftension, fear and danger. With the pas-sage of time, art has become one of thenecessities of life. The Sanskrit scholarBhartrhari says Sahitya, Sangeeta, Kalaviheena, Sakshat Pashu puchha vishanhinah, !! (Without art, man is like an ani-mal which lacks tail and poison.)

Fine Arts can be divided into two cate-gories, the performing arts and the visualarts. Performing arts include mainly themusic, dances, drama and plays whichare performed on stage and are based onvarious acoustic and optic visualizations,while the other, being silent, speaksthrough colour, strokes and shapes.According to the taste and choice, we getattracted towards art. The aim of art is toachieve, not to gain . The visual art gath-ers various modes of art, which alwayswork for human welfare along with pro-viding the pleasure of being one withsupreme soul.

Representation of art exists in various

forms. The imagination of an artist isbeyond the colour and strokes. Based onthe contemporary demand of market,help of modern technology is also beingtaken. Therefore, the career opportunitiesare constantly increasing in this field.There are numerous career opportunitieson full time basis or as a Freelance Artist.One may select any of the followingbranches of visual arts according tohis/her taste and choice.

Painting- This is the most ancientmedium of art. The creation of two-dimensional art on any plain surface bythe means of lines and colour is known aspainting. Paintings are the expression of

feelings and the strongest way of com-munication. That is why this isconsideredas the best medium among all types ofart.

Today, the creation of paintings hasmoved beyond the realistic and folk stylesand based on the representation of inter-nal feelings. Most of the times, there is noshape or figure seen in these paintingsbut still they attract one’s heart and soulthrough their beautiful arrangement andcomposition of colours. The medium andrepresentation of colours have nowchanged. Oil colours and water colourshave been replaced by acrylics and

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES IN FINE ARTS

VOL. XL NO. 18 PAGES 48 NEW DELHI 1 - 7 AUGUST 2015 ` 8.00

ONLINE NATIONAL AGRICULTURE MARKET

Prof. V.S. TomarEmpowering Farmers and Stabilising Food Prices

I ndia has made many strides in agricul-tural production but a lot needs to be

done in the field of agricultural market-ing. With significant changes taking placein agri-food systems of domestic andoverseas markets, attainment of compet-itiveness has become increasinglydependent on the capacity of the countryto develop effective and efficient agricul-tural marketing.

Presently, agricultural marketing sys-tem in India has a number of constraintswhich are related to infrastructure, regu-lations, technology, poor information onopportunities and domestic/overseasmarkets, unstable and uncertain produceprices, delayed payment to producersand lower price realization by producers.The existing marketing infrastructure likeRural Primary Markets, regulated whole-sale and assembling markets, gradingand quality control systems, retail mar-kets, is not at par with the desired level,both in terms of capacity as well as qual-ity of the facilities. Other infrastructuralfacilities for cold chain storage, linking ofthe commodity futures with the farmers,perishable cargo centres, rural farm road,market information and quality assuranceof various agricultural commodities arealso not up to the mark. This infrastruc-ture is also inadequate for realizing thepotential competitiveness of multiplecommodities for taking them to the globalmarkets.

In order to overcome these chal-lenges, a proposal to set up onlineNational Agriculture Market (NAM) wasapproved by the Cabinet Committee on

Economic Affairs on July 01, 2015through Agri-Tech Infrastructure Fund.Government has allocated Rs. 200 crorefor three years to set up an online NAMby integrating 585 wholesale marketacross India. The plan is to cover 250mandis in current fiscal year, 200 moremandis in 2016-17 and rest of the 135mandis in 2017-18. The main objectivesof the scheme are :

(a) Reforming the existing marketingsystem by redesigning the marketstructure, ushering in transparency,leveraging technology in operations,

providing a well-functioning regulato-ry framework, encouraging privateparticipation along with regulatedmarkets so that the seller has a realchoice. It also aims at making bank-ing an inherent part of the marketingfunction by collecting the sale consid-eration from the buyer and remittingthe same to the bank account of theseller which would put an end to pay-

ment related issues faced by the seller.

(b) Resolving issues of informationasymmetry by encouraging analysisof the commodity and displayingquality parameters of the commodityto benefit buyers. It also aims at pro-viding price details to the seller toenable him to decide the time andprice of sale.

(c) Having a more transparent auctionprocess through leveraging of tech-nology by providing a well-designedelectronic auction platform andredefining rules of auction to improvetransparency.

(d) Promoting increased participation ofbuyers by reforming conditions ofgrant of trader licence and openingup licences to any person in thestate/country. This would encourageparticipation from other locations andimprove price discovery.

(e) Resolving post-auction difficulties byintegrating weighing of produce withthe auction process and communi-cating details of the weight recordedand the amount payable/receivableto the buyer/seller.

(f) Increasing market access by creatingwarehouses proximate to the farm toreceive the goods, account it againstindividual producers, testing thesame for predetermined quality

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Turn over the pages for other vacanciesin Banks, Armed Forces, Railways, PSUsand other Govt. Deptts

Agricultural Scientists Recruitment Boardinvites applications for various scientific posts.Last Date : 19.08.2015 (pg 12-14)

ASRB

Dr. Jai Shankar Mishra

AIIMSAll India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswarrequires 244 Professor, Additional Professor,Associate Professor and Assistant Professor.Last Date : After one month fromthe publication (pg 16)

mix-media. Along with the quality of can-vas or substratum, framing is also veryimportant. The following formation of thepaintings are being practiced over theworld-Medium- Water colour, Oil colour, Acryliccolour, Mix-media etc.Technique- Fresco, Tempera, Mural,Wash painting etc.Subject matter- Composition, Landscape,Portrait, Still-life, Creative, etc.

Sculpture:- The art of sculpturing is avisual expression of three dimensions ina solid form. It is in practice since timeimmemorial. People use a sculpture or afigure for expression, worship, decora-tion, fear, memory and identifications.The oldest Indian literatures; the Vedas,the Puranas, and the Upanishads havefocused on the use and importance ofsculpture in detail. Later the Ramayana,the Mahabharata and other literature withBuddhism and Jainism have alsodescribed different types of sculpturesand their role in religion and society.There are so many temples and kala-mandapas everywhere in India and evenabroad. Therefore, the art of sculpturehas played an important role in the devel-opment of religion, values and culture ofthe society. There are many places in ourcountry famous for Indian sculptures. Weall know about Khajuraho, Elora, Konark,Sarnath etc. The sculpture from Gandhar,Mathura and Kushan also reflect culturaldevelopment of that period. Our countryhas vast cultural and religious activities.In these activities we use many types ofsculptures for whole of the year. Some ofthem are permanent and others are tem-porary i.e for the occasion of certain peri-od (festival, vrata and pujas). Indian reli-gion describes thousands of vrata andpujas, in which we need a specific figurein different part of this land. Indian reli-gions have millions of gods and goddess-es for worship and pray according tovrata and pujas.

Fine art (visual and performing) is amedicine for mental relaxation and it is atool of meditation, self satisfaction, joyand expressions. In fine art, Sculpture isa branch of visual expression likePaintings. Where as Painting is a two -dimensional expression, but sculpture isa three - dimensional expression. Thereare many methods and processes inpractice to create a sculpture and manytypes of materials are being used toshape or make a model or figure or asculpture. Today this art is being used onglass, fiber glass, plastic and other inno-vative media after using this art on terra-cotta, stone, wood, metal etc. Thesedays, there is no need of particular medi-um or material for the expressions. Theartist can use mix media for their expres-sions. various ways of formation of sculp-ture are:

Medium– Clay (Terracotta), Plaster ofParis, Cement, Wood, Stone, Metal, Fiberglass/Synthetic Stone, Wax and lac,assembling with mix Media etc.

Method– Modeling, Moulding-Casting,Carving, Installation etc.

Commercial Art:- The relationshipbetween art and employment is very old.Most of the 64 arts described in theIndian literature are directly associatedwith professions of the people and theremaining are related indirectly. Theadvertisement industry has huge scopeof providing employment. The advertise-

ment of trade products, public interestissues, public awareness issues andinformation dissemination are the mainparts of this branch. The Commercial artis used a lot in print and electronic media.Without the help of commercial art, wecan’t imagine an effective advertisement.

It is also called Applied Art. In the sec-tion of this art form, letter writing, Posterand Banner making, Book cover andpresentation, emblem, Monogram,Illustration, Grphic design, Hoardings,Flax advertisements, Visualization,Campaign planning, Audio-visualAdervertisement, etc are taught. The fieldof applied art consists of study of prod-ucts and demands of market, packagingand presentation of the products, subject-matters of message and advertisementsetc. Audio–vidio media like photographyand vidiography with cinematography arealso related to this field. The presentationof art based on machines and new tech-niques opens the broad scope of occupa-tion and employment.

Graphics or Print Making:- This is abranch of painting. It is also known as aPrint-making. This art can be created onboth media i.e black & white andcoloured. In this technique, we use lenoor wood cut. First, we engrave our draw-ing or imagination on lenonium sheet orwood panel and then print this work withpress on the sheet or a surface. In thebegnning litho press-lithogrphy is usedfor this technique. Litho was a kind ofheavy stone which was used for this typeof printing. Today, modern and light tech-niques have replaced litho and made iteasier.

Textile Designing:- It is one of themost popular and useful streams of finearts which provides lots of employmentopportunities to the youth. Textile Designmeans the design on clothes (clothes,drapery, floral cover, curtain, canopy etc).This field designing is closely associatedwith our basic needs. We have beenwearing clothes since ancient time andwe use many types of clothes with differ-ent design and colours. It has been usedfor thousands of years to protect our bodyfrom heat, cold and water. Apart fromthese utilities, we always want to looksmart and beautiful in well designed andcoloured clothes. We can use decorativedesigns and motifs on clothes. variousways of the textile designing are : FabricColour Technique, Tie and DyeTechnique, Batik Technique, ScreenPrinting Technique, Block PrintingTechnique, Applique Technique, Soft Toysand Puppetry Making and CarpetDesigning Technique.

Pottery Ceramics:- The art ofpottery-ceramics is being used sinceancient times. This is a part of our dailylife and no one can live without the use ofpots. The initial form of this art was limit-ed to terracotta but now it has beenextended to bone-china and porcelain.Blue pottery is still very attractive andpopular. Different ways of formation ofthis art are :Pottery, Tiles making,Ceramic desgning, Bone-china,Porcelain, sanitary work.

Photography:- From the beginning,photography is being practiced as one ofthe professions. When the objectsnapped by a camera, appeared on thebromide sheet through the chemicalprocess, artists used to wave with joy andpleasure. But now, the time has changedand ultra-modern techniques havereplaced the magical world of black and

white photography. Photographic reels(negative) have been replaced by digitalcameras. However, the creativity andartistic approach of camera can never beignored. Through innovation and newtechniques, the photographers are still inbusiness.

Different types of photographybeing practiced are: Landcape photog-raphy, Life and portrait photograpy, Stilllife photography, wild life photography,bird photography, Sea photography,Event photography, Geological photogra-phy, etc.

Training and Education:- There aremany institutions which provide thedegree and training programs with shortterm certificate courses in the field of art.Following are some of the institutions: College of Arts and Craft, Lucknow, UP Lalit Kala Institute, Jabalpur/Gwalior,

MP Allahabad University, Allahabad, UP MGCG Vishwavidyalaya, Chitrakoot,

MP Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, UP

Rajasthan University, Jaipur,RajasthanKala Bhawan, Shantiniketan, WestBengal,College of Arts, Patna/Kolkata/ Chandigarh

Indira Kala Sangit Univ, Khairagarh,ChattisgarhSir J. J. School of Art, Mumbai,Maharashtra

Degree courses BFA. (Bachelor of FineArt) and MFA. (Master of Fine Art) areavailable in these institutions. Scholarship and Fellowships:-Government and private sectors offerscholarships and fellowship to promoteboth the art and artists. Ministry ofCulture, Government of India and itsCentre for Cultural Resources andTraining also offer scholarships/fellow-ships to encourage art.Awards and Exhibitions:- Awards andexhibitions are very important for provid-ing recognition and exposure to artists.They get opportunity to exhibit and pres-ent their talent. The academies of fine artof states and central government of Indiaare organizing these activities round theyear. The private and non governmentorganizations also have many schemesfor awards and exhibitions. The followingexhibitions are regularly held. National exhibition of Art- National Academy of Fine Art, (Lalit Kala Akademi) Rabindra Bhawan,New Delhi State exhibitions of art- State

Academy of Fine Art of every state National Kalidas Painting and

Sculpture exhibition- NationalKalidas Academy, Ujjain, MP

Camelin Art exhibition- Camelin IndiaPrivate Limited

Art Galleries:- The following are the Artgalleries across the country:Lalit Kala Academy, New DelhiRegional Centres for Art College of Arts and Crafts National Kalidas Academy, Ujjain, MPHabitat Centre, New DelhiKumar Art Gallery, Sundarnagar, N. DelhiApparao Galleries, Banglore,Madras,DelhiAaya Art Gallery, Chennai, TN, States Fine Art Academy Regional Cultural CentresFaculties of UniversitiesJahangir Art Gallery, MG Road, Mumbai,Triveni Art Gallery, New DelhiJuneja Art Gallery, Jaipur, Rajasthan

Vadhera Art Gallery, New Delhi.Opportunities for Artists: There is agood scope of fine arts in governmentand private sectors which regular andfreelance artists can avail according totheir interest. As a Painter-

Life and Portrait Painter, Mural Artist,Landscape Painter, Cartoonist,Modern and Creative Painter, WashAnd Tempra Painter, Folk andTraditional Painter.

As a Sculpturer- Life and PortraitSculptor, Modeller, Stone/wood carv-er, Metal castor, Modern andCreative Painter, Jhanki Maker,Religious Sculpture Maker. As an Advertizer- Poster-Bannermaker, Graphic Designer, Cartoonist,Illustrator, Hoarding and Flax Maker,Advertising and Campaign Planner.

As a Textile/Fashion Designer-BatikArtist, Tie and Dye Artist, BlockPrinter, Fashion Designer, ApparelDesigner.

As a Pottery/Ceramic Designer-Potter, Ceramic Designer, TilesDesigner, Tableware Designer,Glassware Designer, Sanitarydesigner.

As a Photographer-Life and PortraitPhotographer, Bird Photographer,Geological Photographer,Landscape Photographer, Wild LifePhotographer, BotanicalPhotographer, Events Photographer.As a Designer-Interior Decorator,Exterior Decorator, Event Decorator.

Those who have studied art can also optfor academics and teaching profession atvarious levels.

Trained Graduate Teacher— ForCentral School (KVS), NavodayaVidyalaya, and other private and gov-ernment school.

Post Graduate Teacher (IntermediateSchool)- For Higher SecondarySchools of private and governmentsector.Teacher in Higher Education—ArtColleges, Institutes and Universities.

Instructor/Trainer—For various insti-tutions.Artist in national and governmentMuseums, Cultural ConservationCentres etc.

Private sector. There is a huge and regular demand ofart pieces everywhere in India andabroad. There is requirement to install asculpture on road-junction, a park, in alawn, corridor of a building or in a drawingroom of a house. Even shopkeepersneed art pieces for advertisement of theirproducts and articles, especially in clothstores and jewellery shops. We find dif-ferent types of models wearing attractiveclothes and putting on precious jewellery.We also want to cover front or interiorwall with a huge panel of painting, muralor relief. Everyone likes to decoratehis/her house with paintings and sculp-ture which may be realistic or abstract.There are Art galleries, Emporiums andArt malls are flourishing in the big cities.Artists can display/exhibit and sell theirworks there. These days, it is possible tocreate a sculpture in new and innovativemedia. India is famous for attractive andlovable toys and sculptures of ivory,bones and horns, ceramic, gold, silver,metals- like gun metal, bronze, ashtad-hatu, panchdhatu etc. oil or water paint-ings, wash paintings, folk, tribal and tradi-tional paintings, etc.The fine arts thus offer a good scope foremployment. (Lists are indicative only)

The author is Associate Professor andEx. Head Dept. of Professional ArtMahatma Gandhi Chitrakoot GramodayaVishwavidyalaya Chitrakoot, Satna (M.P)e-mail-artistjsm@sify.com

EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES...Continued from page 1

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www.employmentnews.gov.in 47Employment News 1 - 7 August 2015 EDITORIAL