Col. Rajive Kohli, Ph.D.9910744340 kohli9r@gmail.com

&

YOUTH

National Service Scheme (NSS)

Seminar on “Youth Power in Nation Building:

Challenges and Response”19 March 2016

DISASTERDISASTER alphabetically means-

D – DestructionsI – IncidentsS – SufferingsA – AdministrativeS – SentimentsT – TragediesE – Eruption of Communicable DiseasesR – Research Programme & its Implementation

HUMAN BEING ….

I. CHARACTER. Honesty, integrity, truth, health, helpful, kindness, well wisher, positive, being good, cooperative, constructive, moral, ethical, honorable, upright, fair, sincere, humble, virtuous…

II. HARDWORK. Action, active, doing, proactive, industrious, zeal, laborious, conscientious, diligent, persevere, perform, change agent…

III.KNOWLEDGE. Learning, awareness, reading, study, information, understanding, comprehension, education, expertise, grasp, facts, insight, grasp, observation, scholarship, theory, proficiency…

…. BEING HUMANE

Mantra for success

DISASTER dimensions– Disruption to normal pattern of life, usually

severe and may also be sudden, unexpected and widespread

– Human effects like loss of life, injury, hardship and adverse effect on health

– Effect on social infrastructure such as destruction of or damage to government systems, buildings, communications and essential services

– Community needs such shelter, food, clothing, medical assistance and social care.

COMPONENTS OF DISASTER Risk is a measure of the expected losses due to a hazardous event of a

particular magnitude .The level of risk depends on:• Nature of the Hazard• Vulnerability of the elements which are affected• Economic value of those elementsVulnerability is the extent to which a community, structure, service, and/or

geographic area is likely to be damaged Hazards are Phenomena that pose a threat to people, structures, or economic

assets and which may cause a disaster. The extent of damage in a disaster depends on:• The impact, intensity and characteristics of the phenomenon • How people, environment and infrastructures are affected by that

phenomenon This relationship can be written as an equation:• DISASTER RISK = HAZARD + VULNERABILITY

Disasters occur in varied forms

•Some are predictable in advance•Some are annual or seasonal •Some are sudden and unpredictable

Floods Days and weeksEarthquakes Seconds/minutesCyclones DaysDroughts Months

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Meteorological Disasters

•Floods•Tsunami•Cyclone•Hurricane•Typhoon•Snow storm•Blizzard•Hail storm

Topographical Disasters

•Earthquake•Volcanic Eruptions •Landslides and Avalanches•Asteroids •Limnic eruptions

Environmental Disasters

•Global warming•El Niño-Southern Oscillation •Ozone depletion- UVB Radiation•Solar flare

Natural Disasters

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Technological

•Transport failure •Public place failure •Fire

Industrial•Chemical spills•Radioactive spills

Warfare•War•Terrorism•Internal conflicts•Civil unrest•CBRNE

Man made Disasters

THESE ARE THE TIMES WHEN EVERYONE HAS TO HELP OUT

The Myths• It Can’t Happen to Us.• The Nature’s forces are so Deadly the

Victims will Die anyway.• There is Nothing We Can Do.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT

the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.

DISASTER MANAGEMENT CYCLEThe traditional approach to disaster

management has been to regard it as a number of phased sequences of action or a

continuum.

These can be represented as a disaster management cycle.

The basic disaster management cycle consists of six main activities

• Response• Recovery• Prevention & Mitigation• Preparedness

Disaster Management Cycle

RESPONSE• Response measures are usually those which are taken

immediately prior to and following disaster impact.• Typical measures include :

– Implementation of plans– Activation of the counter-disaster system– Search and Rescue– Provision of emergency food, shelter, medical assistance etc.– Survey and assessment– Evacuation measures

RECOVERY• Recovery is the process by which communities and

the nation are assisted in returning to their proper level of functioning following a disaster.

• Three main categories of activity are normally regarded as coming within the recovery segment:

• Restoration• Reconstruction• Rehabilitation

PREVENTION & MITIGATION• Prevention : Action designed to impede the occurrence of a disaster

event and/or prevent such an occurrence having harmful effects on communities or key installations.

• Mitigation : Action in the form of specific programs intended to reduce the effects of disaster on a nation or community. For instance, some countries regard the development and application of building codes (which can reduce damage and loss in the event of earthquakes and cyclones) as being in the category of mitigation.

PREPAREDNESSPreparedness comprise measures which enable governments, organizations, communities and individuals to respond rapidly and effectively to disaster situations.

• Examples of Preparedness measures are :– The formulation & maintenance of valid, up-to-date counter-disaster plans– Special provisions for emergency action– The provisions of warning systems– Emergency communications– Public education and awareness– Training programs, including exercises

and tests.

The response of a person close to the place ofemergency / incident will be the fastest andmost effective provided he iswell trained&equipped

YOUTH ROLES•Sharing the message: Youth can help share the message of disaster preparedness

•Acting as change makers: Youth can act as change makers by sharing information they learned in youth preparedness programs and helping famalies and communities to prepare for disaster, for example by developing a disaster plan or disaster preparation kit.

•Bringing creativity: Youth can bring creative and resourceful ideas to disaster preparedness efforts.

ROLE OF YOUTH IN DM

.

1. Knowledge on first aid, rescue and evacuation.2. Help in the preparation of the collage disaster

contingency plan. 3. Aware the parents and community on various

types of hazards and the preparedness measures to be taken

4. Plantation in the collage premises.5. Boosting the morale of the community after the

disaster. 6. Help in preparing the Community Disaster

Preparedness and Response Plan. 7. Volunteers in the first-aid team, Rescue and

Evacuation team, early warning team in their village/city

INSTITUTIONS IN DISASTER MANAGEMENT

AREAS OF CONCERN 1. Inclusion of disaster management in

Curriculum2. Disaster management, awareness and

preparedness in institutions. 3. Safety of institutions from natural hazards –

structural and non structural. 4. Preparation of the Disaster Management

Plans at institutions level

What is a safe institution?

• Either located in a hazard free area, or one that has been constructed to withstand the hazard to which it is exposed.

• will not collapse or get affected if a disaster happens.

Steps for preparation of DM Plans 1. Sensitisation meeting for awareness Teachers, Institute Management and

Students.2. Formation of institute Disaster Management Committee

• Institute principal• Vice principal• Sub Divisional Magistrate of the area• Education Officer• President of Parents Teachers Association• Parents (1-2)• Local Medical Officer• Market trader association• Fire Officer• Police • Members of Civil Society (NCC,NSS, Red Cross, Scouts and

Guides)• 4 Students

Steps for preparation of DM Plans (cont…) 3. Hazard identification

• History of disasters• Identification of potential hazard• Preparation of seasonality calendar

4. Inventory of resources

5. Mapping • Social Mapping• Resource Mapping• Vulnerability / Risk Mapping• Safe and Opportunity Mapping

• Class rooms in the institute buildings• Laboratories• Play Ground• Canteen• Library

Social Mapping - Institutes

• Human resources• institute Buses• Generators• Fire extinguishers• Stretchers• Drinking water sources• Health Centre in the institute

Resource Map - Institutes

• Junior students• Physically challenged • Identification of potentially vulnerable areas in the campus

Vulnerability/ Risk Map - Institute

• Identification of safe places in the campus• Alternative staircases/ routes to be

identified

Safe and Alternate route Mapping

Institute DM TeamsEarly Warning TeamCollage teacherStudent (3 nos. most communicative)

Activity/ Event Organising Team

Disaster Management teacher

Art and Craft teacher Music teacher

Prefects/ active students Search and RescueSports teachersMale teacherPrefect (students 2nos)

All class teachers

Evacuation Fire safety

Teachers (2 numbers)Students (4 numbers)

Site security teamCollage security staffTeacher (1 numbers)Students (2 numbers)

First Aid teamResident doctor

Teachers 2Students 2

7. Training of Institute Disaster Management Teams Search and RescueFirst AidTrauma CounselingFire fighting

8. Planning to be disseminated to everyone in the institute.

9. Mock Drill Drills to be carried out twice a year

Drills should be hazard specific

A disaster drill is an exercise in which people simulate the circumstances of a disaster so that they have an opportunity to practice their responses.

10. Plan Updation

Plans to be updated every six months Plan to be approved by the Disaster Management Committee

Institute DM Plan

Safety of Institute buildings• Focus on structural and non-structural safety.

Making BUILDINGS Safer Before the Next Disaster Strikes

A glance into this side street reveals a vast

amount of fallen façade materials. Rescue work, fire

trucks access, etc. is seriously hampered.

Non - structural safety

Because books represent a considerable mass, strong

anchorage and bracing of the shelves in both main directions is

necessary

Act as a safe shelter.Health centre for the locality.Disaster Management Information centre where data base could be maintained on population, health, institutions etc.A centre for learning and counselling.The campus can be feeding centre.Training for DRM volunteers, Village Council members, Teachers, Government officials at the Sub-Division level.

The Educational Institution can act as follows:

Standard Operating Procedure (SOP)

Places with large number of footfalls such as malls, multiplexes, hostels and schools are most vulnerable to disasters. This necessitates having a standard operating procedure (SOP), defining the role of the officials of the concerned agencies involved in counter measures. The Head of institute must:1. Read the SOP carefully and bring it to the notice of all staff and

teachers of the institute.2. Develop a comprehensive action plan to implement the guidelines.3. Allocate specific roles to different personnel/ teachers as per SOP.4. Brief the staff about the action to be taken by them in any disaster.5. Take preventive measures as given in the guidelines in consultation

with the local authorities.6. Keep responsible personnel of the institute on the alert7. Communicate clear guidelines to parents/ others about what they

should and should not do in case of any news of such incidents.8. Conduct advance reconnaissance of the school with the help of the

local police/ authorities.9. Hold mock drills for students, teachers and staff.

ROLE OF TEACHER

Awareness should be generated by teacher on different types of hazards and the preparedness measures to be taken to combat these disasters.Prepare a contingency plan for the institute in case of a fire, cyclone earthquakes and floods. Students should be told about primary escape route in the institute.Train the students on First Aid and Rescue operations.Carry out mock drill in the institute at least twice a year.Initiate the process of plantation in the instute and giving knowledge on the type of trees to be grown.Generate awareness on water and sanitation among the students.Demonstration of actions to be taken when trapped in a fire.

S u g g e s t i o n sProject brief of making films showing what to do if an earthquake,

tsunami, flash-flood etc occurred.This encourage students to reflect upon what they had learned and

empower them to be proactive in sharing this knowledge amongst their peers.

Useful way of evaluating the success in a meaningful and very visual way.

Students given total control over what to shoot, edit and show, so that their understanding.

The films that the students create are then uploaded onto a channel on the youtube.com

Also available as a set of video podcastsAlso on teacher tube, blip.tv and through a range of video sharing

sitesThis allows them to share them with their peers and parents as well

as being given the opportunity to make a difference.They know that EVERY CHILD MATTERS and these films allow

them to make a positive contribution to disaster

STUDENTS AS EDUCATORS FOR DISASTER PREPARATION:

O t h e r a c t i v i t i e s b y y o u t hStudent-made videos, Skits, poems and song-composition and

performance...Emergency Go-Bag scavenger hunt or art activity for selection of

items,Games to develop response skills (e.g. Pull Aim Squeeze Sweep,

bucket brigades transferring water in or debris out),Making table-top shake table model and simulating effects on

building contents,Participating in home, school or neighborhood “walk-about”

hazard hunt,Designing non-structural mitigation solutions and problem-solving,Researching safety of own school buildings and homes,Researching the costs and benefits of local flood insurance

options,Compétitions: poster contest, essay contest, quiz game,Transportation assistance skills,Activities developing “Check, Call, Care” and life-saving skills, andEngaging in local community projects, such as planning for pets

after disaster.

CONCLUSIONEnthusiasm in disaster preparedness generally fades once an emergency phase is past, collages offer a good entry point for keeping communities alert and making disaster risk management more sustainable. Highly-educated teachers, community leaders, students and their parents can all play an important role in disseminating knowledge and keeping their communities well-prepared.Teachers & Youth as responsible citizens of our country should be a part and parcel of the disaster preparedness drive taken up in the country

Disasters: Negative and Positive Aspects

Aspects Negative Aspects

Positive aspects

DISASTER

Damage Interruption

Severe Antagonistic

ScourgeTraumatic Emergency

Risk

DevelopmentInnovation

SharingAwareness

Self sufficiencyTransformation

EducationResilience