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SymptomsBy Mayo Clinic staff

The symptoms of HIV and AIDS vary, depending on the phase of infection.

Primary infection The majority of people infected by HIV develop a flu-like illness within a month or two after the virus

enters the body. This illness, known as primary or acute HIV infection, may last for a few weeks. Possible

symptoms include:

Fever

Muscle soreness

Rash

Headache

Sore throat

Mouth or genital ulcers

Swollen lymph glands, mainly on the neck

Joint pain

Night sweats

Diarrhea

Although the symptoms of primary HIV infection may be mild enough to go unnoticed, the amount of virus

in the blood stream (viral load) is particularly high at this time. As a result, HIV infection spreads more

efficiently during primary infection than during the next stage of infection.

Clinical latent infection

In some people, persistent swelling of lymph nodes occurs during clinical latent HIV. Otherwise, there are

no specific signs and symptoms. HIV remains in the body, however, as free virus and in infected white

blood cells.

Clinical latent infection typically lasts eight to 10 years. A few people stay in this stage even longer, but

others progress to more-severe disease much sooner.

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Early symptomatic HIV infection

As the virus continues to multiply and destroy immune cells, you may develop mild infections or chronic

symptoms such as:

Fever

Fatigue

Swollen lymph nodes often one of the first signs of HIV infection

Diarrhea

Weight loss

Cough and shortness of breath

Progression to AIDSIf you receive no treatment for your HIV infection, the disease typically progresses to AIDS in about 10

years. By the time AIDS develops, your immune system has been severely damaged, making you

susceptible to opportunistic infections diseases that wouldn't trouble a person with a healthy immune

system. The signs and symptoms of some of these infections may include:

Soaking night sweats

Shaking chills or fever higher than 100 F (38 C) for several weeks

Cough and shortness of breath

Chronic diarrhea

Persistent white spots or unusual lesions on your tongue or in your mouth

Headaches

Persistent, unexplained fatigue

Blurred and distorted vision

Weight loss

Skin rashes or bumps

When to see a doctor

If you think you may have been infected with HIV or are at risk of contracting the virus, see a health care

provider as soon as possible.

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What are the neurological manifestations of AIDS?

DESCRIPTION: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is the result of an infection with the humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV). This virus attacks selected cells of the immune, nervous, and other systemsimpairing their proper function. HIV infection may cause damage to the brain and spinal cord, causingencephalitis (inflammation of the brain), meningitis (inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain),nerve damage, difficulties in thinking (i.e., AIDS dementia complex), behavioral changes, poor circulation,headache, and stroke. AIDS-related cancers such as lymphoma and opportunistic infections (OI) may alsoaffect the nervous system. Neurological symptoms may be mild in the early stages of AIDS, but maybecome severe in the final stages. Complications vary widely from one patient to another. Cerebraltoxoplasmosis, a common OI in AIDS patients, causes such symptoms as headache, confusion, lethargy,and low-grade fever. Other symptoms may include weakness, speech disturbance, ataxia, apraxia, seizures,and sensory loss. Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), a disorder that can also occur in AIDSpatients, causes weakness, hemiparesis or facial weakness, dysphasia, vision loss, and ataxia. Somepatients with PML may also develop compromised memory and cognition.

Is there any treatment?

TREATMENT: There is no cure for AIDS but recently developed, experimental treatments appear verypromising. Some symptoms and complications may improve with treatment. For example, antidementiadrugs may relieve confusion and slow mental decline. Infections may be treated with antibiotics. Radiation

therapy may be needed to treat AIDS-related cancers present in the brain or spinal cord.

What is the prognosis?

PROGNOSIS: The prognosis for individuals with AIDS in recent years has improved significantly because of new drugs and treatments, and educational and preventive effor

Table 1: 1993 revised CDC classification

Clinical categories

CD4 cell categories A

Asymptomatic or PGL or

acute HIV infection

B*

Symptomatic

(not A or not C)

C**

AIDS indicator condition

1/ >500/mm3 A1 B1 C1

2/ 200-499/mm3 A2 B2 C2

3/

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Note: all patients in categories A3, B3, C1-3 are reported as AIDS, based on the AIDS indicator conditions

and/or a CD4 cell count less than 200/mm3.

* Category B: Symptomatic conditions

not included in Category C that are

a) attributed to HIV infection or

indicative of a defect in cell-mediated

immunity, or

b) considered to have a clinical course or

management complicated by HIV

infection.

Examples of B conditions include but are

not limited to:

- bacillary angiomatosis;

- thrush;

- _vulvovaginal candidiasis that is

persistent, frequent or poorly responsive

to therapy;

- cervical dysplasia (moderate or severe);

- cervical carcinoma in situ;

- _constitutional symptoms such as fever

(38.5C) or diarrhoea more than 1 month;

- oral hair leukoplakia;

- _Herpes zoster involving two episodes

or more than 1 dermatome;

- idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura;

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- listeriosis;

- _pelvic inflammatory disease

(especially if complicated by tuboovarian abscess);

- peripheral neuropathy.

**Category C: Indicator conditions in case definition of AIDS

(adults) 1995

- oesophageal, tracheal, bronchi or lungs candidiasis;

- invasive cervical cancer;

- extrapulmonary coccidioido-mycosis;

- extrapulmonary cryptococcosis;

- Cryptosporidiosis with diarrhea more than 1 month;

- _Cytomegalovirus of any organ other than liver, spleen or

lymph nodes;

- CMV retinitis (with vision loss)

- _Herpes simplex with mucocutaneous ulcer more than 1 month

or bronchitis, pneumonitis, oesophagitis;

- extrapulmonary histoplasmosis

- _HIV-associated demencia: disabling cognitive and/or other

dysfunction interfering with occupation or activities of daily

living;

- _HIV-associated wasting : involuntary weight loss more than

10% of baseline plus chronic diarrhea (>=2 loose stools/day

>=30 days) or chronic weakness and documented enigmatic

fever;

- Isosporis with diarrhea more than 1 month;

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- Kaposi's sarcoma;

- _Lymphoma, non-Hodgkins of B-cell or unknown

immunologic phenotype and histology showing small,

noncleaved lymphoma or immunoblastic sarcoma;

- disseminated Mycobacterium avium infection;

- disseminated or pulmonary Mycobacterium tuberculosis

infection;

- Nocardiosis;

- Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia;

- recurrent bacterial pneumonia (>=2 episodes in 12 months);

- progressive multifocale leukoencephalopathy;

- recurrent non typhi Salmonella septicaemia;

- extraintestinal strongylodosis;

- toxoplasmosis of internal organ;

- Wasting syndrome due to HIV (

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Opportunistic Infections

HIV doesn't kill anybody directly. Instead, it weakensthe body's ability to fight disease. Infections whichare rarely seen in those with with normal immunesystems are deadly to those with HIV.

People with HIV can get many infections (calledopportunistic infections, or OIs). Many of theseillnesses are very serious, and they need to betreated. Some can be prevented.

This web page has information about opportunistic

infections and some other disorders common withHIV Disease.

Bacterial and Mycobacterial

Mycobacterium Avium Complex (MAC, MAI)

Salmonellosis Syphilis and Neuroshyphilis Turberculosis (TB) Bacillary angiomatosis (cat scratch disease)

Fungal Infections

Aspergillosis Candidiasis (thrush, yeast infection)

Coccidioidomycosis Cryptococcal Meningitis Histoplasmosis

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Malignancies

Kaposi's Sarcoma Lymphoma --

o Systemic Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL)o Primary CNS Lymphoma

Protozoal Infections

Cryptosporidiosis Isosporiasis Microsporidiosis Pneumocystis Carinii Pneumonia (PCP) Toxoplasmosis

Viral Infections

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Hepatitis Herpes Simplex (HSV, genital herpes) Herpes Zoster (HZV, shingles) Human Papiloma Virus (HPV, genital warts, cervical cancer) Molluscum Contagiosum Oral Hairy Leukoplakia (OHL)

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML)

Neurological Conditions

AIDS Dementia Complex (ADC) Peripheral Neuropathy

Other Conditions and Complications

Apthous Ulcers Malabsorption

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