JICA QUESTIONNAIRE -Kenya- · JICA QUESTIONNAIRE -Kenya- Date of interview: Time of interview: ......

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JICA QUESTIONNAIRE -Kenya-

Date of interview:

Time of interview:

Interviewer Name:

Cluster (neighbourhood/locality/village):

Street: No:

Town:

If necessary, give additional details regarding the location of the respondent’s place of residence below.

[Supervisor use only]

Household back-checked? Questionnaire checked by: [supervisor signature]

No 0

Yes 1

Household Selection Procedure START FROM THE CROSS ROAD AND WALK TOWARDS THE DIRECTION INDICATED BY YOUR SUPERVISOR. TAKE

THE SECOND STREET ON THE RIGHT AND THEN THE SECOND STREET ON THE LEFT. SELECT THE FIFTH

HOUSEHOLD ON THE RIGHT HAND SIDE. SELECT EVERY FIFTH HOUSEHOLD FROM THEN ON. AT THE END OF

THE STREET TURN RIGHT. IF THIS IS NOT POSSIBLE TURN LEFT, AND ALTERNATE AFTERWARDS.

Unsuccessful calls: reasons for substitution

House 1

House 2

House 3

House 4

House 5

Refused to be interviewed 1 1 1 1 1

Person selected through card procedure was never at home

2 2 2 2 2

Premises empty for the survey period 3 3 3 3 3

Not a citizen 4 4 4 4 4

Deaf/spoke only a foreign language 5 5 5 5 5

No adults in household 6 6 6 6 6

Other, Specify below: 7 7 7 7 7

Introduction

Good day. My name is _______. I am assisting with a survey conducted by the Japanese International Cooperation Agency (JICA). We do not represent the government or any political party. We are studying the views of the citizens of Kenya about how the country is governed and how people interact with one and other. We would like to discuss these issues with you, or a member of your household. All information given will be treated with the highest confidentiality. Would anyone from this household be willing to answer a few questions? Respondent Selection Procedure Please tell me how many women (men) live in this household who are more than 18 years old. Include yourself. Could you specify your relationship to them? (e.g. son, daughter, father, brother, etc.). [Interviewer: Make sure that the people you are interviewing are indeed Kenyans

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[Interviewer: specify people’s first names and relationship to the respondent below randomly in the table below] Number of women (men): ____________ [Interviewer: Read here the total number of eligible men or women in the household]

First name Relationship to respondent

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

[Let the respondent choose a number. The person who corresponds to the number chosen will be the person to be interviewed. Circle the number of the person selected and conduct the interview with the person whose name appears next to the selected number]. The person I need to speak to is [read in the selected person] _______. Is this person presently at home? If yes: May I please interview this person now? If no: Will this person return here at any time today or tomorrow? If no: Thank you very much. We will select another household. [Substitute the next household on the walk pattern]. If yes: Please tell this person that we will return for an interview at [insert convenient time] _______________. [Make one return visit. If the randomly selected respondent is not present on your second visit, replace this household with the next house on the walk pattern]. [Interviewer: if the selected respondent is not the same person that you first met, repeat introduction]. Start of the interview

Male Female

1. What is the respondent’s gender? [Interviewer: do not read out] 1 2

2. What is your age?

[Interviewer: write either the respondent’s age or the year of his/her birth. Enter 999, if you were unable to determine the respondent’s age] [Interviewer: If respondent is 17 years old or younger, TERMINATE INTERVIEW]

Age [Office use only]

Refused to answer 777

Yes No

3. Are you a citizen of Kenya? [Interviewer: If respondent is NOT a citizen, TERMINATE INTERVIEW]

1 2

4. Where were you born? [Interviewer: specify below] [Interviewer: if the respondent was born outside of [village he/she currently resides] Lagos, please ask Question 5-6, otherwise circle ‘NA’ in these questions and go to question 7]

A Village or town:

B District:

START TIME. Hour Minute

Time interview started [Interviewer: Enter hour and minute, use 24 hr. clock]

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5. How often do you go back to your home village/town? [Interviewer: code from responses]

Never 1

Less than once a year 2

Once or twice a year 3

3-4 times a year 4

More than once a month 5

Not applicable (NA) 88

Do not know 99


6. What is your religion?

Catholic 1

Protestant 2

Pentecostal/Charismatic 3

Other Christian, specify below: 4

Muslim, Sunni 5

Muslim, Shiite 6

Traditional religion 7

No religion 8

Other religions, specify below 9


7. What is your ethnic group? [Interviewer: Prompt if necessary: You know, your tribe or cultural group.] [Do NOT read options. Code from response]

Kikuyu 1 Rendile 10

Luo 2 Bajuni 11

Luhya 3 Kuria 12

Kamba 4 Teso 13

Meru 5 Turkana 14

Kisii 6 Embu 15

Kalenjin 7 Pokot 16

Masai/samburu 8 Somali 17

Borana 9 Refused to answer 77

Other ethnic group, specify below: 18

8. What languages do you speak at home? [Interviewer: Accept up to three languages, and put the following numbers: 1 –the most frequently spoken, 2 –the second most, 3 –the third most]

English 1 Kisii 8

Kiswahili 2 Kalenijn 9

Kikuyu 3 Masai/Samburu 10

Luo 4 IMijiKenda 11

Luhyia 5 Taita 12

Kamba 6 Somali 13

Meru/Embu 7 Other language, specify below: 14

9. What is the highest level of formal education that you have attained?

No formal schooling 0

Some primary schooling 1

Primary completed 2

Some secondary school 3

Secondary completed 4

Post-secondary qualifications, other than university 5

Some university, college or polytechnic 6

University, college or polytechnic completed 7

Post-graduate 8


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10. How many years of formal education do you have? years

11. What is your main occupation? [Interviewer: 1] Do not read options. Code from responses. Probe for details if the respondent’s occupation is unclear; 2] If the respondent is unemployed, retired or disabled, then ask: what was your last main occupation?] 3) After recording the occupation, indicate whether that occupation is respondent’s CURRENT JOB or LAST JOB.

Current or last job?

Current

job Last job

Never had a job 0

Subsistence farmer (produces only for home consumption) 1 1 2

Peasant Farmer (produces both for own consumption and some surplus produce for sale)

2 1 2

Commercial Farmer (produces mainly for sale) 3 1 2

Farm worker 4 1 2

Fisherman 5 1 2

Trader / Hawker / Vendor 6 1 2

Miner 7 1 2

Domestic Worker / Maid /Househelp 8 1 2

Armed Services/ Police / Security Personnel 9 1 2

Artisan / skilled manual worker 10 1 2

Clerical Worker 12 1 2

Unskilled manual worker 13 1 2

Businessperson (works in company for others) 15 1 2

Businessperson (Owns small business of less than 10 employees) 16 1 2

Businessperson (Owns large business of 10 or more employees) 17 1 2

Professional Worker (e.g., lawyer, accountant, nurse, engineer, etc.) 18 1 2

Supervisor / Foreman 19 1 2

Teacher 20 1 2

Government Worker 21 1 2

Retail worker 22 1 2

Student 23 1 2

Housewife / Works In the Household 24 1 2

Other, specify below: 25 1 2

Do not know 99

12. Which of the following things do you own or have in your household? No Yes Refused to

answer

A Radio 0 1 77

B Bicycle 0 1 77

C Television 0 1 77

D Mobile phone 0 1 77

E Refrigerator 0 1 77

F Flush toilet at home 0 1 77

G Car 0 1 77

H LandTitle/ Allotment Letter 0 1 77

13. Over the past year, how often, if ever, have you or anyone in your family gone without: [Interviewer: read out options]

Never Just

once or twice

Several times

Many times

Always No

children Don't Know

Refused to

answer

A Enough food to eat? 0 1 2 3 4 99 77

B Enough clean water for home use? 0 1 2 3 4 99 77

C Medicines or medical treatment? 0 1 2 3 4 99 77

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D Enough gas/kerosene to cook your food?

0 1 2 3 4 99 77

E A cash income? 0 1 2 3 4 99 77

F Money for school expenses for your children (like fees, uniforms or books)?

0 1 2 3 4 7 99 77

Never Just once or twice

Several times

Many times

Always Don't Know

Refused to answer

14. In the past year, how often, if ever, have you fallen victim to violent crimes (robbery, assult, etc)?

0 1 2 3 4 99 77

No Yes Don't Know

Refused to answer

15. Did you or any of your relatives suffer from any physical damage from the 2007-2008 Clashes?

0 1 99 77

16. If yes, please tell me the damage in detail. Record Details:

17. In general, how do you rate your living conditions compared to those of other Kenyans? Are you...

Much better 1

Better 2

Same 3

Worse, or 4

Much worse? 5


Do not know 99

18. How important are the following elements for the way you think about yourself? Would you say very important, somewhat important, not very important or not important at all? [Interviewer: probe for strength of opinion]

Very

important Somewhat Important

Not very important

Not important

at all

Do not know

Refused to answer

a) Your gender? 1 2 3 4 99 77

b) Your native language? 1 2 3 4 99 77

c) Your nationality? 1 2 3 4 99 77

d) Your religion? 1 2 3 4 99 77

e) Your ethnic group? 1 2 3 4 99 77

f) Your county/province of origin? 1 2 3 4 99 77

g) Your political ideology or preferences?

1 2 3 4 99 77

h) Your neighbourhood or locality 1 2 3 4 99 77

i) Your job or occupation 1 2 3 4 99 77

19. If you have to choose between the identity aspects or elements mentioned above, which are the three most important ones? [Interviewer: Read out all items, then probe for the three most important ones; Only circle the three most important ones]

Your gender 1 Your ethnic group 6

Your native language 2 Your county/province of origin 7

Your nationality 3 Your political ideology or preferences 8

Your religion 4 Your neighbourhood or locality 9

Your job or occupation 5 Refused to answer 77

20. Let us suppose that you had to choose between being a Kenyan and being a ________[R’s Ethnic group] [Interviewer: refer back to question 5]. Which of the following statement best expresses your feelings?

I feel only Kenyan 1

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I feel more Kenyan than _________ [insert R’s ETHNIC GROUP] 2

I feel equally Kenyan and _________ [insert R’s ETHNIC GROUP] 3

I feel more _________ [insert R’s ETHNIC GROUP] than Kenyan 4

I feel only _________ [insert R’s ETHNIC GROUP] 5


Don’t know [Interviewer: do not read out] 99

21. Are you or have you ever been married? [Interviewer: if ‘Never married,’ circle 88 in Q19 and GO TO Q.20; Probe for details]


Never married 1

Currently married to one wife/man 2

Currently married to multiple wives 3

Currently married to a man with multiple wives 4

Divorced and not remarried 5

Spouse deceased and not remarried 6

23. People of which ethnic groups would you object if your daughter or sister wanted to marry? [INTERVIEWER: You do not need to read all out all ethnic groups in the list. Record all ethnic (racial) groups mentioned.

Not mentioned

Object

Kikuyu 0 1

Luo 0 1

Luhya 0 1

Kamba 0 1

Meru 0 1

Kisii 0 1

Kalenjin 0 1

Masai/samburu 0 1

Borana 0 1

Rendile 0 1

Bajuni 0 1

Kuria 0 1

Teso 0 1

Turkana 0 1

Embu 0 1

Pokot 0 1

Somali 0 1

Other ethnic group, specify below: 0 1

24. People from which religions would you object if your daughter or sister wanted to marry? [INTERVIEWER: You do not need to read all out all religions in the list. Record all religions mentioned.

Not mentioned

Object

Catholic 0 1

Protestant 0 1

22. Could you tell me whether your spouse was/is from: 1) If the respondent is currently married to one wife/husband, ask about current spouse; 2] If the respondent has multiple wives, ask him to answer the question with respect to his first wife; 3) If the respondent’s spouse has deceased or has divorced ask the respondent with respect to his/her deceased or divorced spouse]

NA

88

No Yes Don’t know

A the same Province as you? 0 1 99

If no, specify his/her Province:

B the same ethnic group as you? 0 1 99

If no, specify his/her ethnic group:

C the same religion as you? 0 1 99

If no, specify his/her religion:

D the same nationality as you? 0 1 99

If no, specify his/her nationality:

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Pentecostal/Charismatic 0 1

Other Christian, specify below:

0 1

Muslim, Sunni 0 1

Muslim, Shiite 0 1

Traditional religion 0 1

No religion 0 1

Other religions, specify below:

0 1

25. People from which countries would you object if your daughter or sister wanted to marry? [INTERVIEWER: You do not need to read all out all countries in the list. Record all countries mentioned.

Not mentioned

Object

Somalia 0 1

Tanzania 0 1

Other nationalities, specify below:

0 1

26. Howoften do you have contact with people from other religions? Would you say you daily, a couple of times a week, several times a month, or hardly ever or never?

Daily or almost daily

A few times a week

A few times a month

Hardly ever or never

Not applicable

Do not know

A. In your neighbourhood/locality 1 2 3 4 88 99

B. In your work environment 1 2 3 4 88 99

C. In your social life 1 2 3 4 88 99

27. How often do you have contact with non-Christians (such as Muslims or people with a traditional religion) in the following contexts? [Interviewer: Please circle ‘Not applicable’ in case a respondent is a student, housewife or somebody who has never worked; In case a respondent has retired asked the question with respect to his/her pre-retirement work environment; in case the respondent is currently unemployed, asked the question with respect to his/her last employment environment. Circle ‘NA’ in case the respondent is a not Christian]


A few times a week

A few times a month


Not applicable

Do not know




28. How often do you have contact with non-Muslims (such as Christians or people who have a traditional religion) in the following contexts? [Interviewer: Please circle ‘Not applicable’ in case a respondent is a student, housewife or somebody who has never worked; In case a respondent has retired asked the question with respect to his/her pre-retirement work environment; in case the respondent is currently unemployed, asked the question with respect to his/her last employment environment. Circle ‘NA’ in case the respondent is a not Muslim]


A few times a week

A few times a month


Not applicable

Do not know




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29. How often do you have contact with people from other ethnic groups? Would you say you daily, a couple of times a week, several times a month, or hardly ever or never?


A few times a week

A few times a month


Not applicable

Do not know




30. People of which ethnic groups do you feel uncomfortable working with? [INTERVIEWER: You do not need to read all out all ethnic groups in the list. Record all ethnic (racial) groups mentioned.

Not mentioned

Mentioned

Kikuyu 0 1

Luo 0 1

Luhya 0 1

Kamba 0 1

Meru 0 1

Kisii 0 1

Kalenjin 0 1

Masai/samburu 0 1

Borana 0 1

Rendile 0 1

Bajuni 0 1

Kuria 0 1

Teso 0 1

Turkana 0 1

Embu 0 1

Pokot 0 1

Somali 0 1


31. People from which religions do you feel uncomfortable working with? [INTERVIEWER: You do not need to read all out all religions in the list. Record all religions mentioned.

Not mentioned

Mentioned

Catholic 0 1

Protestant 0 1



0 1

Muslim, Sunni 0 1

Muslim, Shiite 0 1


No religion 0 1


0 1

32. People of which ethnic groups do you feel uncomfortable to have as neighbors? [INTERVIEWER: You do not need to read all out all ethnic groups in the list. Record all ethnic (racial) groups mentioned.

Not mentioned

Mentioned

Kikuyu 0 1

Luo 0 1

Luhya 0 1

Kamba 0 1

Meru 0 1

Kisii 0 1

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Kalenjin 0 1

Masai/samburu 0 1

Borana 0 1

Rendile 0 1

Bajuni 0 1

Kuria 0 1

Teso 0 1

Turkana 0 1

Embu 0 1

Pokot 0 1

Somali 0 1


33. How much do you trust each of the following types of people?

Not at all Just a little

I trust them

somewhat

I trust them a lot

Refused to answer

Do not know

A. Your relatives 1 2 3 4 77 99

B. Your neighbours 1 2 3 4 77 99

C. People of the same religion as yourself 1 2 3 4 77 99

D. People of other religions 1 2 3 4 77 99

E. People from your ethnic group 1 2 3 4 77 99

F. People from other ethnic groups 1 2 3 4 77 99

G. People from your Province 1 2 3 4 77 99

H. People from other Provinces 1 2 3 4 77 99

I. People form other African countries 1 2 3 4 77 99

34. In general, how do you perceive people from other ethnic groups?

Very positive Positive Neither

positive nor negative

Negative Very negative Refused to

answer Do not know

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

35. In general, how do you perceive people who are not Christian (such as Muslims, people with a traditional religion or people who have nore religion)?



Negative Very negative Refused

to answer

Do not know

Na

1 2 3 4 5 77 99 88

36. In general, how do you perceive people from different religious groups?



Negative Very negative Refused

to answer

Do not know

Na

1 2 3 4 5 77 99 88

37. Do you think that the relations between the different ethnic groups in your Kenya will improve or worsen in the future? Do you think it will improve a lot, improve somewhat, stay the same, worsen somewhat, or worsen a lot?

Improve a lot Improve

somewhat Stay the same

Worsen somewhat

Worsen a lot Refused to

answer Do not know

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

38. Do you think that the relations between people from different provinces in your country will improve or worsen in the future? Do you think it will improve a lot, improve somewhat, stay the same, worsen somewhat, or worsen a lot?



Worsen somewhat


answer Do not know

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

39. Do you think that the relations between the different religious groups in your country will improve or worsen in the future? Do you think it will improve a lot, improve somewhat, stay the same, worsen somewhat, or worsen a lot?



Worsen somewhat


answer Do not know

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

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40. In general, how would you rate the relations between Kenyans and people from other African countries living in Kenya such as Somalis, Tanzanians and Ugandans? [Interviewer: probe for strength of opinion]

Very good Good Neither good

nor bad Bad Very bad

Refused to answer

Do not know

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

42. Do you think ethnicity has become more important or less important in the public sphere since the introduction of multiparty elections in 1992? Or has there been no change in the situation? [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion]

Much more important 1

Somewhat more important 2

No change 3

Somewhat Less important 4

Much less important 5


Do not know 99

44. Do you think religion has become more important or less important in the public sphere since the introduction of multiparty elections in 1991? Or has there been no change in the situation? [Interviewer: Probe for strength of opinion]

Much more important 1

Somewhat more important 2

No change 3

Somewhat Less important 4

Much less important 5


Do not know 99

41. Do you think that someone’s ethnic identity or background affects their chances of getting:

No Yes Do not know

Refused to answer

A Public sector jobs 0 1 99 77

B Public sector contracts 0 1 99 77

C Private sector formal jobs 0 1 99 77

D Public housing 0 1 99 77

E Educational opportunities at the pre-university level 0 1 99 77

F Educational opportunities at the university level 0 1 99 77

G Private loans 0 1 99 77

H Land ownership 0 1 99 77

43. Do you think that someone’s religious background affects their chances of getting:

No Yes Do not know

Refused to answer








45. Do you think that someone’s gender (i.e. being a man or woman) affects their chances of getting:

No Yes Do not know

Refused to answer








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46. Think about the condition of your own ethnic group. In your opinion, is the economic situation of your ethnic group much better, better, about the same, worse, or much worse than that of other ethnic groups in this country?

Much better Better Same Worse Much Worse Do not know

1 2 3 4 5 99

47. How do today’s socio-economic conditions of your ethnic group compare to those of ….

Much better

Better Same Worse Much Worse

Refused to

answer

Do not know

A. Under the Kibaki administration before the 2007-2008 Clashes? (since 2002)

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

B. Under the Moi administration after the introduction of the multi-party system in 1992 ( until 2002)?

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

C. Under KANU One-Party system before 1992.

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

48. There are many ethnic groups in your country. Please tell me which ethnic group you feel is the most prosperous one? What about the second most prosperous? Third most prosperous? [Interviewer: record the following numbers next to the corresponding group: 1=the most prosperous, 2 = second most prosperous, 3 = third most prosperous]

Refused to answer

Do not know

77 99

Kikuyu Rendile

Luo Bajuni

Luhya Kuria

Kamba Teso

Meru Turkana

Kisii Embu

Kalenjin Pokot

Masai/samburu Somali

Borana Other ethnic group, specify below:

49. Please tell me which ethnic group you feel is poorest. What about the second poorest? Third poorest? [Interviewer: record the following numbers next to the corresponding group: 1 =the poorest, 2 =second poorest, 3 = third poorest]

Refused to answer

Do not know

77 99

Kikuyu Rendile

Luo Bajuni

Luhya Kuria

Kamba Teso

Meru Turkana

Kisii Embu

Kalenjin Pokot

Masai/samburu Somali

Borana Other ethnic group, specify below:

50. What are the two most important why these groups are so poor? [Interviewer: Please provide as much as detail as possible about the reasons given by the respondents. Coding will be done post-facto]

NA Refused to

answer Do not know

88 77 99

A.

B.

Do you agree or disagree with the following statements:

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor

disagree

Disagree Strongly disagree

Refused to

answer

Do not know

51. The government should budget more money to these poorer ethnic groups.

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

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52. Some portion of the seats in the parliament should be allocated to these disadvantaged ethnic groups.

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

53. Some portion of government ministerial appointments should be allocated to these disadvantaged ethnic groups.

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

54. Think again about your own ethnic group [Interviewer: probe for strength of opinion]

Much less

Less Same More Much more

Refused to

answer

Do not know

Does your group have less, the same, or more influence in politics than other ethnic groups in this country?

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

55. Do you feel your ethnic group is currently over-, under- or about right represented in the following political institutions?

Seriously over-

represented

Somewhat over-

represented

About right represented

Somewhat under-

represented

Seriously under-

represented

Refused to

answer

Do not know

A. National government 1 2 3 4 5 77 99

B. National Assembly 1 2 3 4 5 77 99

C. Armed forces 1 2 3 4 5 77 99

D. Civil service 1 2 3 4 5 77 99

E. Judiciary 1 2 3 4 5 77 99

F. Police 1 2 3 4 5 77 99

56. Would you say that the representation of your ethnic group in these political and state institutions under the National Unity Government today is much better, better, same, worse, or much worse than the following times? [Interviewer: Please ensure that the respondent compares the situation of today to that of the mentioned periods; If necessary, remind the respondents of the different state institutions that were mentioned in Question 60]

Much better

Better Same Worse Much Worse

Refused to

answer

Do not know

A. Under the Kibaki administration before the 2007-2008 Clashes? (since 2002)

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

B. Under the Moi administration after the introduction of the multi-party system in 1992 ( until 2002)?

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

C. Under KANU One-Party system before 1992.

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

57. Which ethnic groups’ cultural practices, customs and traditions do you feel are given most public recognition and support by the state? [INTERVIEWER: You do not need to read all out all ethnic groups in the list. Record all ethnic (racial) groups mentioned.

Not mentioned

Mentioned

Kikuyu 0 1

Luo 0 1

Luhya 0 1

Kamba 0 1

Meru 0 1

Kisii 0 1

Kalenjin 0 1

Masai/samburu 0 1

Borana 0 1

Rendile 0 1

Bajuni 0 1

Kuria 0 1

Teso 0 1

Turkana 0 1

Embu 0 1

Pokot 0 1

Somali 0 1


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58. Which religious groups’ cultural practices, customs and traditions do you feel are given most public recognition and support by the state? [INTERVIEWER: You do not need to read all out all religions in the list. Record all religions mentioned.

Not mentioned

Mentioned

Catholic 0 1

Protestant 0 1



0 1

Muslim, Sunni 0 1

Muslim, Shiite 0 1


No religion 0 1


0 1

59. Which ethnic groups do you feel is most favoured by the government? [INTERVIEWER: You do not need to read all out all ethnic groups in the list. Record all ethnic (racial) groups mentioned.

Not mentioned

Mentioned

Kikuyu 0 1

Luo 0 1

Luhya 0 1

Kamba 0 1

Meru 0 1

Kisii 0 1

Kalenjin 0 1

Masai/samburu 0 1

Borana 0 1

Rendile 0 1

Bajuni 0 1

Kuria 0 1

Teso 0 1

Turkana 0 1

Embu 0 1

Pokot 0 1

Somali 0 1


60. Which religious groups do you feel is most favoured by the government? [INTERVIEWER: You do not need to read all out all religions in the list. Record all religions mentioned.

Not mentioned

Mentioned

Catholic 0 1

Protestant 0 1



0 1

Muslim, Sunni 0 1

Muslim, Shiite 0 1


No religion 0 1


0 1

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61. Compared to other ethnic groups, do you think your ethnic group currently gets a fair share from …

No Yes Do not know

A Revenue from the Central Government 0 1 99

B Government Projects 0 1 99

C Access to Public University 0 1 99

62. Compared to other ethnic groups, would say your ethnic group has had an equal chance of producing occupants to the following positions:

No Yes Do not know

A President of the Republic 0 1 99

B Service Chiefs (head of army, navy and air force) 0 1 99

C Chief Justice of the High Court 0 1 99

D Commissioner of Police 0 1 99

E Speaker of the National Assembly (Parliament) 0 1 99

Refused to answer

No Yes

63. Are you a registered voter? [INTERVIEWER: IF THE RESPONDENT ASNWERS

‘YES,’ CIRCLE ‘NA’ IN Q7１ AND GO TO Q7２] 77 0 1

64. [If not registered] Why not? NA 88

Missed registration 1

Ill Health 2

Absent from area 3

Registration process was not credible 4

Did not have required documents 5

Under 18 during registration 6

Not interested in voting 7

Otherwise engaged 8

Encountered difficulties during registration 10

Other [Specify below] 11

65. To which political party do you feel closest? [INTERVIEWER: IF RESPONDENT ANSWERS ‘DO NOT KNOW’, PROBE BY

ASKING ‘WHICH POLITICAL PARTY APPEALS MOST TO YOU?’]

Party of National Unity (Kenya) 1

Democratic Party 2

Kenya African National Union 3

Forum for the Restoration of Democracy–Kenya 4

Forum for the Restoration of Democracy–People 5

Mazingira Green Party of Kenya 6

National Rainbow Coalition–Kenya 7

Safina 8

Shirikisho Party of Kenya 9

Sisi Kwa Sisi 10

Orange Democratic Movement 11

Orange Democratic Movement–Kenya 12

Forum for the Restoration of Democracy–Asili 13

National Alliance Party of Kenya 14

Other party, specify below 15

Do not feel closest to any party 66


Do not know 99

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66. How important are the following considerations when you vote in the presidential elections? Would you say very important, somewhat important, not very important or not important at all? [Interviewer: If the respondents says that he/she has never voted and has no intention of voting in the presidential elections, please circle ‘Not Applicable’]

Very

important Somewhat important

Not very important

Not important

at all

Refused to

answer

Do not know

A Qualifications and competence of candidate

1 2 3 4 77 99

B Candidate’s religion 1 2 3 4 77 99

C Pol. program, proposed actions or ideology

1 2 3 4 77 99

D Candidate’s ethnic identity 1 2 3 4 77 99

E Political party 1 2 3 4 77 99

F Personal characteristics 1 2 3 4 77 99

G Past record 1 2 3 4 77 99

H Candidate’s gender 1 2 3 4 77 99

Not applicable [Doesn't vote] 88

67. How important are the following considerations when you vote in the parliamentary elections? Would you say very important, somewhat important, not very important or not important at all? [Interviewer: If the respondents says that he/she has never voted and has no intention of voting in the presidential elections, please circle ‘Not Applicable’]

Very


Not very important

Not important

at all

Refused to

answer

Do not know


1 2 3 4 77 99



1 2 3 4 77 99







68. How important are the following considerations when you vote in the local (council) elections? Would you say very important, somewhat important, not very important or not important at all? [Interviewer: If the respondents says that he/she has never voted and has no intention of voting in the presidential elections, please circle ‘Not Applicable’]

Very


Not very important

Not important

at all

Refused to

answer

Do not know


1 2 3 4 77 99



1 2 3 4 77 99







69. Candidates from which tribes would you not consider voting for in a presidential or parliamentary election? [INTERVIEWER: You do not need to read all out all ethnic groups in the list. Record all ethnic (racial) groups mentioned.

Not mentioned

Mentioned

Kikuyu 0 1

Luo 0 1

Luhya 0 1

Kamba 0 1

Meru 0 1

Kisii 0 1

Kalenjin 0 1

of 20

Masai/samburu 0 1

Borana 0 1

Rendile 0 1

Bajuni 0 1

Kuria 0 1

Teso 0 1

Turkana 0 1

Embu 0 1

Pokot 0 1

Somali o 1


70. Candidates from which religious groups would you not consider voting for in a presidential or parliamentary election? [INTERVIEWER: You do not need to read all out all religions in the list. Record all religions mentioned.

Not mentioned

Mentioned

Catholic 0 1

Protestant 0 1



0 1

Muslim, Sunni 0 1

Muslim, Shiite 0 1


No religion 0 1


0 1

71. Would you consider voting for a presidential or parliamentary candidate of any gender? If no, please specify the gender you would not consider candidates. [Interviewer: Wait for the respondent to answer the first part of the question before asking the second part]

No Yes Refused

to answer

Do not know

0 1 77 99

Men 1

Women 2

No Yes

72. Did you vote in the presidential elections of 2007? If not, what is the main reason?

0 1

No interest 1

Did not have time 2

Election will not change anything 3

No good party 4

To punish the party I support 5

Not registered to vote 6

Other, please specify: 7


Do not know 99

73. How often do politicians of other tribal groups use ethnicity to get political support?

Never 0

Sometimes 1

Often 2

Always 3

Not applicable 7


Don’t know [Do not read] 99

of 20

74. In such case, how do you think politicians of your tribal group should react? Do you think they should react by using similar language, or react by avoid using similar language

Use similar language 1

Avoid similar language 2

Not applicable 7



75. Did you vote in the last constitutional referendum? [If the respondent voted in the referendum then ask Q.74, otherwise go to Q80].

No Yes Refused Do not know

0 1 77 99

76. How did you vote in the referendum?

No (Against) Yes (Favor) Refused Do not know

0 1 77 99

Strongly agree

Agree

Neither agree nor

disagree

Dis-agree

Strongly disagree

Refused to

answer

Do not

know

77. We would like to know your opinion about the use of violence in the political sphere. Please tell me how much you agree with the following statements.

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

A. Sometimes violence is necessary to settle lasting disputes such as the land ownship issue in the Rift valley.

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

B. Violence has redressed unfair electino results in the past.

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

C. Violence during elections only provoked repeated violence in each subsequent elections.

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

D. Violence was the only way to defend land and home during the 2007-2008 Clashes.

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

E. Relying on police and lawyers is not only inefficient but also ineffective in settling disputes compared to resorting to arms.

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

F. Violence should never be used

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: [Interviewer: probe for strength of opinion]

Strongly agree Agree

Neither agree nor disagree

Disagree Strongly disagree

Do not know

Refused to

answer

New Constitution

78. The President should decide on his own what is best for the country. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

79. The President should listen and work with other politicians before deciding what is best for the country.

1 2 3 4 5 99 77

80. Voting in the referendum for the new Constitution was free and fair. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

81. Under the new constitution the President has too much power. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

82. The new constitution will unite Kenya. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

83. The new Constitution will lead to more violent conflict among different ethnic groups

1 2 3 4 5 99 77

of 20

84. The new Constitution discriminates against certain ethnic groups. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

85. The new Constitution provides equal economic opportunities to all. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

Coalition Government

86. The coalition government has performed well. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

87. The coalition government has helped to reduce conflict. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

88. The coalition government has provided equal opportunities to all ethnic groups.

1 2 3 4 5 99 77

89. The Coalition government has managed the economy better than the previous government.

1 2 3 4 5 99 77

Internally Displaced Persons

90. It is good that government supports the internally displaced persons in our country.

1 2 3 4 5 99 77

91. IDPs should be compensated by the government. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

92. IDPs should return to their land. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

93. IDPs should return to the place where they came from originally. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

Ethnicity and Voting

94. The 2012 elections will be free and fair. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

95. Ethnicity will play a major role in these elections 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

96. I have to vote for an ethnic kinsman because he/she will take care of my group. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

97. Ethnicity is the main reason for voting for a presidential candidate. 1 2 3 4 5 99 77

98. Ethnic loyalties should not play any consideration in deciding on whom to vote in elections.

1 2 3 4 5 99 77

99. I think it is good to have political parties which are organised along ethnic lines.

1 2 3 4 5 99 77

100. Compared to other ordinary Kenyans, how easy or difficult do you feel it is to have your voice heard by the government? Would you say it is much easier, somewhat easier, about the same, somewhat more difficult, or much more difficult?

Much easier Somewhat

easier Same

Somewhat more difficult

Much more difficult

Refused to answer

Do not know

1 2 3 4 5 77 99

101. Please tell me ... No Yes Refused

A. Are you or an immediate family member of yours a politician, journalist, or a public official?

0 1 77

B. Do you belong to an organization that is politically influential such as a political party or a trade union?

0 1 77

of 20

102. How successful or unsuccessful has been the emergence of a Kenyan nationality? [Interviewer: If the respondent has problems understanding ‘Kenyan nationality’, please clarify by referring to it as ‘the feeling of being Kenyan]

Very successful 1

Somewhat successful 2

Neither successful nor unsuccessful 3

Somewhat unsuccessful 4

Very unsuccessful 5



103. How important is it for the country’s political stability to strengthen the Kenyan nationality?

Very important 1

Somewhat important 2

Neither important nor unimportant 3

Somewhat unimportant 4

Very unimportant 5



End of the interview

Contextual Data [INTERVIEWER: THE FOLLOWING ITEMS SHOULD BE COMPLETED AFTER THE INTERVIEW IS ENDED].

END TIME. Hour Minute

Time interview Ended [Interviewer: Enter hour and minute, use 24 hr. clock]

104. In what language was the interview conducted?

English 1

Kiswahili 2

Kikuyu 3

Luo 4

Kalenjin 5

Somali 6

Other language, specify below: 7

105. In what type of shelter did the respondent live?

Permanent house 1

Wooden house 2

Temporary structure on own plot 3

Flat in block of flats 4

Single room in larger dwelling structure 5


106. What kind of material was used for the roof?

Corrugated iron 1

Earth / sand 2

Wood planks 3

Palm, bamboo 4

Plastic sheets 5

Vinyl, asphalt strips 6

Cement and tiles 7


107. Were there any other people immediately present who might be listening during the interview?

No one Spouse Children only A few others Small crowd

0 1 2 3 4

No Yes

108. Did the respondent check with others for information to answer any question?

0 1

of 20

No Yes

109. Do you think anyone influenced the respondent’s answers during the interview? If Yes, who? (specify below)

0 1

110. How many of the questions do you feel the respondent had difficulty answering?

None or a few Less than half About half More than half All or almost all

0 1 2 3 4

111. Interviewer: what is your gender? Male 1 Female 2

112. Interviewer: what is your ethnic group?

113. Interviewer: Do you have any other comments on the interview?

JICA QUESTIONNAIRE -Kenya- · JICA QUESTIONNAIRE -Kenya- Date of interview: Time of interview: ......

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