JIB 225 Assignment 1

JIB 225Assignment 1:

DIFFUSION AND OSMOTIC PROCESS IN ANIMAL CELL

Prepared by:DEBBRA MARCEL

PPJJ USMJP/8544/13

Assignment Overview

To create a better understanding about the diffusion and osmotic

process in animal cell

Prepared by: Debbra MarcelPPJJ USM MATRIX NO.: JP/8544/13

OUTLINES

PART 1 – Overview & IntroductionPART 2 - DiscussionPART 3 - Conclusion


PART 1


Diffusions? Osmosis?

Animal cell?

Terms to know beforehand…

• Solvent : The dissolving agent that dissolves another substance/particle to form a solution. Example: water

• Solute : A type of substance/particle that is dissolved in a solvent to form a solution. Example: salt, sugar, etc.

• Solution : A homogeneous mixture of solvent (liquid) with the solute (gas/solid).


mixed

What is diffusion process?


Definition: Movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Passive movement (exergonic) & occurs via random kinetic movement.

Particles in liquid & gas have kinetic energy. Net diffusion stops when concentration on both sides equal (if crossing a

membrane) or when a uniform distribution of particles: - Equilibrium is reached Molecules continue to move, but no net change in

concentration. Diffusion of one compound is independent to diffusion of other

compounds

Diffusion is best defined as….


The movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration until they spread out evenly.

Two rules of thumb in diffusion:1. The larger the particles, the slower the rate of

diffusion.2. The greater the differences in concentration,

pressure, or temperature, the greater the rate of diffusion.

The diffusion process…


1. Two closed containers of gas A and B separated by a partition. 2. Once the partition is removed, the gases will mix because of the random

velocities of their molecules. 3. After some times, a uniform mixture of A and B molecules will be produced

in both container.

Gas A Gas B Gas A and B started to diffuse after partition removed

A uniform mixture of the A and B molecules

Partition

Partition removed

What is osmotic process?


1. Definition: The diffusion of water (or some other solvent) across a selective/semi-permeable membrane. When water enters or leaves the cell it is usually accomplished by osmosis.

2. Also known as a special event of diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane, water moves from solution with lower concentration of dissolved particles to solution with higher concentration of dissolved particles.

3. The only thing that moves in is water (solvent).

The osmotic process…


1. Illustration of two solutions of different concentration separated by a semi-permeable membrane (just like animal cell membrane).

2. Three different container consist of three different solution type of outside environment (hypertonic, isotonic & hypotonic solution respectively.

3. The membrane is permeable to the smaller size of solvent molecules but not to the larger size of solute molecules.

4. Water moves from dilute solution to concentrated solution. 5. Osmotic potential is the total dissolve particles, this process is called osmosis.

Hypertonic solution Isotonic solution Hypotonic solution

H2O

Inside of cell

Outside of cell

H2O

Inside of cell

Outside of cell

Inside of cell

Outside of cell

What is animal cell?


1. Cell is the building block of the living organism.2. Cell tissue organ system

organism.3. Two common types of cell in eukaryotic organisms, plant cell

and animal cell. 4. The membrane of animal cell is a selective permeable

membrane, and it regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell.

5. Several factors contribute to this selectable (e.g size of pore, the electric charge and etc.).

6. All cells are bathed in an aqueous mixture, and this fluid or extracellular fluid (ECF), is very important to the cell.

General features of animal cells


Animal cell does not has a rigid and thick cell wall that maintain the cell shape and protects it from mechanical damage, but has flagellum, lysosome and centriole that absent in plant cell.

Source: Biology. Pearson Education Inc., Benjamin Cummings (2003)

Animal cell membrane


The cross section of animal cell’s plasma membrane. Plasma membrane act as the boundary that separates the living cell from its non-living surrounding by exhibits selective permeability.

Source: Biology. Pearson Education Inc., Benjamin Cummings (2003)

PART 2Discussion:


DIFFUSION AND OSMOTIC PROCESS IN ANIMAL CELL

Biological transport


1) Physical processes and chemical reaction are the basis of life itself (homeostasis).

2) Physical processes occur in both living and nonliving systems are important in the maintenance of living systems.

3) The transport of water and other types of molecules across membranes is the key to many processes in living organisms.

4) Two types of biological transport: - Passive transport: Does not require energy (e.g osmosis & dialysis) - Active transport: Require energy (refer Graham’s law and Fick’s Law).

Diffusion process in animal cell


Source: Biological Science. 2 edition. Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. (2005)

Facilitated diffusion in animal cell


Online source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facilitated_diffusion

Diffusion of insoluble compounds (larger & polar molecules) through membrane. Require protein channels (transport protein/carrier protein)

Osmosis in animal cells


• Osmosis = most common type of diffusion in biological systems.• A solvent (water) diffuses across a selectively permeable membrane.

When water enters or leaves a cell, it is usually accomplished by osmosis.

• Osmotic pressure = The energy which drives the osmotic process • Great importance in biological processes as many are carried out by

diffusion through membranes which are selectively permeable.• The solvent is water. • The transport of water and other types of molecules across

membranes is the key to many processes in living organisms. • The cells of our body (and most of animal cells) normally exist in an

isotonic environment. Otherwise, the cells will lose they shape.

OSMOSIS ON ANIMAL RED BLOOD CELLS


Hypotonic SolutionHypertonic Solution Isotonic Solution

Water moves out. Cell lose water

and shrivel

Water moves into cell. Cell take up water, swell, and burst

No net water movement. Cell maintain the viability

and shape

PART 3CONCLUSION


The relation between diffusion and osmosis(Venn diagram)


Moves from high to low concentration until

equilibrium reached

Movement of solutes

Highly selective

Through semi-permeable membraneMovement of solvent (water) only

Involves osmotic pressure

Facilitated diffusion

Diffusion

Osmosis

Directly throughthe phospholipid bilayer Require protein channel to

allow molecules enter or leave cell

Small or non-polar molecules

Passive transportRequires no

energy


THAT’S ALL…THANK YOU!

REFERENCES


1. Campbell, N.A., and Reece, J.B. (2008). Biology. 6th Edition. San

Francisco (CA): Benjamin Cummings. p. 1247

2. Campbell, N., Reece, J. and Simon E. (2004). Essential Biology with

Physiology. Pearson Benjamin Cummings

3. Christopher D. Moyes and Patricia M. Schulte. (2008). Principles of

animal physiology. 2nd Edition. Pearson International Edition.

4. Wilmer, P., Stone, G., and Johnston, I. (2004). Environmental Physiology

of Animals. 2nd Edition. ISBN: 978-1-4051-0724-2. p. 768. Wiley-

Blackwell.

JIB 225 Assignment 1

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