JFK & The New Frontier
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Transcript of JFK & The New Frontier
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JFK & The New Frontier
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Kennedy
A. Election of 19601. John F. Kennedy
a. 43 yrs. old?
b. Catholic?
c. Wealthy family?
d. Civil Rights issues
e. Martin Luther King supporter =good with/for the AA
community
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Election of 1960
• 2. Richard M. Nixona. Experienced
b. Sweaty and nervous
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New Frontier Agenda
1. Education
2. Medicare
3. Dept. of Urban Affairs Today: Dept. of Housing and Urban
Development – increase homeownership, urban development, affordable housing free from discrimination
4. Minimum wage
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How well did he do?
– Economy• Created jobs through
deficit spending; space program
• Increase minimum wage
• Decreased business taxes and tariffs
• Decreased inflation by helping steel industry
• Social– Public housing
– Antipoverty measures/training for unemployed
– Area Redevelopment Act: provided funds for programs in rural Appalachia (very poor region)
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Peace Corp
• Volunteers who helped in developing countries such as Asia, Latin America & Africa
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• Politically– Increased the power of
the executive branch by allowing his cabinet to make more decision
– “the best and the brightest”
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“The Best and the Brightest”
R. Kennedy AG
Sec of Defense R. McNamara
Sec of State Dean Rusk
M. Bundy Nat’l Security Advisor
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“Flexible response”a. Preparing for a variety of military
responses rather than just focusing on nuclear weapons
b. Kennedy built up all branches of military
c. Special Forces AKA Green Berets
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US involvement in Vietnam begins w/Eisenhower
1. Diem cancels elections of 1956
a. Diem corrupt /suppressed opposition
b. Repressed Buddhist practices; set themselves on fire in protest; Diem Catholic
c. Vietcong (NLF): worked w/Ho Chi Minh to remove Diem
Ngo Dinh Diem (South V.)
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Kennedy and Vietnam(Diem Falls)
a. 1960: JFK now in office; continues to support Diem
b. Diem continues with corruption
c. US executes Diem/JFK assassinated
d. LBJ now president and does not want to appear “soft” on communism
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Alliance for Progress
• Provided economic help and promote democracy; ineffective
• Improved agriculture and crop exports but little change socially or politically
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Cuban Revolution
a. Dictator Batista American supporter; shared in crime profits
b. Vacation spot for Americans
c. Americans owned 100% oil refineries, 90% mines, 50% cattle, sugar, and RR
• Castro leads revolution to overthrow Batista and implement democratic principles and takes over all industries, including US investments = sugar embargo
• Cuba gets support from the SU
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Bay of Pigs April 1961
a. US to train Cuban exilesb. Goal: to overthrow Castroc. Plan failed on several counts
(air strike on Cuban air force failed, special forces did not land on time; Cuban forces waiting for them backed by Soviets, taken hostage)
d. Public relations success for Castro!i. US and JFK humiliatedii. JFK Considered incompetentiii. $53 million in food and medical supplies for release
of POW’s
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Cuban Missile Crisis 1962
a. Soviet Union/Khrushchev setting up nuclear missiles in Cuba
b. Attack from Cuba = attack on Soviet Union
c. US quarantines Cuba = SU ships do not pass
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Khrushchev & Kennedy make agreement• US does not invade Cuba and removes missiles
from Turkey in exchange for SU removing missiles from Cuba
• Hot-line installed• Limited Nuclear Test-Ban Treaty
– Ban on nuclear weapons testing above ground, underwater or in outer space
– What increases?
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Kremlin
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Cold War Continues
1. Berlin Crisis (West Berlin)a. West Berlin was thriving?
b. 20% of East Berliners migrating
c. Khrushchev builds “Berlin Wall”
i. August 1961
ii. Ended crisis but tensions remained
iii. Symbolized communist oppression
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Building of the “Death Strip”
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Death Strip
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Wall Falls November 1989
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C. Dallas, Texas November 22, 1963
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Warren Commission
a. Chief Justice Earl Warren headed investigation into assassination
b. Concluded: Lee Harvey Oswald acting on his own
c. Still debated today; Mafia connections