Christian Evidences ConferenceDr. John Oakes,

June 14, 2009

Jesus in the Old Testament

This Weekend: Is the Jesus of the New Testament the Jesus of

history?

Acts Chapter Two:· Jesus fulfilled the messianic prophecies, therefore he is Messiah

· Jesus worked miracles, therefore he is Lord

· Jesus was crucified and rose from the dead, therefore he is savior

· Repent and be baptized.

Our Outline:

Messianic Prophecies

Types, Prefigures and Foreshadows

He said to them, “This is what I told you while I was still with you: Everything must be fulfilled that is written about me in the Law of Moses, the Prophets and the Psalms. Luke 24:44

Messianic Prophecies

Question #1: How do I know these prophecies really were written down hundreds of years before the events?

Septuagint translation of the Old Testament into Greek 220-150 BC

Dead Sea Scrolls.250-50 BC

QumranCave #4

Column I The Great

Qumran Isaiah Scroll

150 BC

Josephus: “When Pilate, at the suggestion of the principal men among us, had condemned him to the cross, those that loved him at the first did not forsake him… And the tribe of Christians so named from him are not extinct to this day.”

Cornelius Tacitus: “Hence, to suppress the rumor, [Nero]

falsely charged with the guilt and punished with the most exquisite tortures, the persons commonly called Christians, who were hated for their enormities. Christus, the founder of the name, was put to death by Pontius Pilate, procurator of Judea in the reign of Tiberius…

Jewish Talmud “On the eve of the Passover they hanged Yeshu and the herald went before him for forty days saying Yeshu… has practiced sorcery and beguiled and led astray Israel.

Tiberius Pontius Pilatus Procutator of Judea

Question #3 Are these, in fact, prophecies of the Messiah? (or are we taking them out of context)

Hint: If the Jews themselves acknowledged them to be messianic, that is very strong evidence.

Question #4 Could Jesus, planning on deceiving the people into believing he was the Messiah, have read the Old Testament and tried to fulfill all the prophecies?

12/18/2001 Israel 1999 Expedition

Fortress Antonia – Where Jesus was condemned

Deceitfully fulfilling the messianic prophecies: a bad plan!

Isaiah 53:1-13:

He was despised and rejected by men, a man of sorrows, familiar with suffering. (v. 3)

But he was pierced for our transgressions, he was crushed for our iniquities; the punishment that brought us peace was upon him, and by his wounds we are healed. (v. 5) (John 19:31-37)

He was oppressed and afflicted, yet he did not open his mouth; he was led like a lamb to the slaughter and as a sheep before her shearers is silent, so he did not open his mouth. (v. 7)

Micah 5:2But you, Bethlehem Ephrathah, though you are small among the clans of Judah, out of you will come for me one who will be ruler over Israel, whose origins are from old, from ancient times.

Isaiah 9:1,6In the past he humbled the land of Zebulun and the land of Naphtali, but in the future he will honor Galilee of the Gentiles, by the way of the sea, along the Jordan…. For to us a child is born… And he will be called Wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Everlasting Father, Prince of Peace.

Psalm 22:16-18Dogs have surrounded me;

a band of evil men have encircled me,

they have pierced my hands and my feet.

I can count all my bones; (John 19:31-37)

people stare and gloat over me.

They divide my garments among them

and cast lots for my clothing. (John 19:23,24)

Zechariah 11:12,13

I told them, “If you think it best, give me my pay; but if not, keep it.” so they paid me thirty pieces of silver. (Matthew 26:14-16)

And the Lord said to me, “Throw it to the potter”—the handsome price at which they priced me! So I took the thirty pieces of silver and threw them into the house of the Lord, to the potter. (Matthew 27:3-8)

Daniel 9:24-26

Seventy ‘sevens’ are decreed for your people and your holy city to finish transgression, to put an end to sin, to atone for wickedness, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal up vision and prophecy and to anoint the most holy.

Know and understand this: From the issuing of the decree to restore and rebuild Jerusalem, until the Anointed One, the ruler comes, there will be seven ‘sevens’ and sixty two ‘sevens’

Decree of Artaxerxes (Ezra 7:12-26) 458 BC

458 BC - 490 years = -32

No zero BC = 33 AD when Messiah will come to Jerusalem

Be born in Bethlehem Be raised in Galilee near Nazareth Be despised and rejected by men Be meek and silent before his accusers Be “pierced” Be crucified Have his garments divided and gambled over Be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver Come to Jerusalem to make atonement for sin in about AD 33 And many more….

Was all this an accident, or did God plan all along for the Passion of the Christ for forgiveness of sins? What do you think?

Jesus: Man, Myth or Messiah?

Old Testament Prophecy

Content New Testament Fulfillment

Genesis 3:15 Satan will attack the Messiah, but the Messiah will destroy the work of Satan. Matthew 4:1-11, Luke 4:1-13Genesis 49:10,11

The Messiah will be from Judah (also hints about a vine, a colt, a branch and blood/grapes)

Matthew 1:2,3

Deut 18:15-18 God will raise up a prophet like, but greater than Moses. Matthew 21:11, Mark 6:15Psalm 16:10,11 The Messiah will not be abandoned to the grave (will be resurrected). John 2:19, Luke 24:1-7Psalm 22:15-18 The Messiah will be crucified, his bones not broken, his clothing divided and

gambled over.John 19:6,7, John 19:31-34, John 19:23,24

Psalm 31:5 The Messiah will commit his spirit into the hands of God. Luke 23:46Psalm 69:9,21 The Messiah will show zeal for God’s house. He will be given gall and vinegar to

drink.John 2:12-17, Matthew 27:3

Psalm 110:1,4 The Messiah will be a priest in the order of Melchizedek. Hebrews 7:11-18Psalm 118:22,23

The Messiah will be rejected, but will become the foundation of the Kingdom of God.

Matthew 23:37, Acts 4:10

Isaiah 7:14 The Messiah will be born of a virgin. Luke 1:26-38Isaiah 9:1,2,6,7 The Messiah will be from Galilee; in the region of Zebulun and Naphtali. Matthew 4:12-16Isaiah 11:1,2 The Messiah will be descended from Jesse and will be a Branch (Nazarene). Matthew 1:5,6, John 1:45,46Isaiah 35:5,6 The Messiah will heal the deaf, the blind and the physically disabled. Mark 7:32-25, 8:22-26, 2:3-12Isaiah 42:1-4 The Messiah will be miraculously humble. John 8:1-11Isaiah 53 The Messiah will be despised, he will be pierced, he will take on himself the sin

of mankind, he will be silent before his accusers, and will be buried with the rich. Matthew 27:15-18, John 19:33-35, Mark 14:60,61, 15:3-5, Mark 15:42-46

Daniel 9:24-27 The Messiah will come to Jerusalem to bring salvation somewhere between AD 26-33.

Luke 3:1,2

Micah 5:2 The Messiah will be born in Bethlehem Ephrathah. Luke 2:1-7Zechariah 6:9-15

The Messiah will be a king and a priest, and will bring harmony between the two. John 18:37, Hebrews 7:11-17

Zechariah 9:9-11

The Messiah will ride as a king into Jerusalem riding on a donkey and the colt of that donkey.

Matthew 21:1-7

Zechariah 11:10-14

The Messiah will be betrayed for 30 pieces of silver. The money will be thrown to “the potter.”

Matthew 26:14-16, Matthew 27:6,7

Zechariah 13:7 When the Messiah is attacked, his “sheep” will be scattered. Mark 14:50,51

Prophecies of the Kingdom of God

Prophesied Quality of the Kingdom of God

Old Testament Prophecies (and New Testament fulfillment)

Establishment of the Kingdom. Jeremiah 31:31-34 (Hebrews 9:15)Ezekiel 36:24-27 (John 16:13-15, Acts 2:38)

Who will be the King? Ezekiel 34:23,24 (John 10:14, Ephesians 1:22,23)Hosea 3:5Joel 2:28-32 (Acts 2:16-21)Zechariah 13:1,2

Extent of the Kingdom of God. Isaiah 49:6, 42:6Isaiah 2:2-4Isaiah 54:1 (Galatians 4:26-28)Ezekiel 17:22-24Zechariah 2:10,11

Relationship between King and subjects.

Exodus 19:5,6 (1 Peter 2:9, 1 Timothy 2:5Ezekiel 37:24-28 (2 Corinthians 6:6)Ezekiel 11:19,20Hosea 1:10,11, 2:23 (Romans 9:25,26)

Relationships between subjects in the Kingdom of God.

Isaiah 11:6-10 (Galatians 3:26-28)

Persecution of the Kingdom of God.

Daniel 7:6-8Daniel 7:19-25

Power and Endurance of the Kingdom of God.

Daniel 7:26,27Amos 9:112 Samuel 7:12-14Daniel 2:44

John 5:39-40 You diligently study the Scriptures because you think that by them you possess eternal life. These are the Scriptures that testify about me, yet you refuse to come to me to have life.

Old Testament like a play…. Old Testament like a mystery….

From Shadow to Reality

Foreshadow: An object, event, person or situation which stands for something similar, but of greater significance in the future.

Prefigure: A specific thing which stands for another specific thing similar to it in the future.

Type and Antitype: A person or thing regarded as the symbol of someone or something which is yet to appear

Historical Foreshadows 1 Corinthians 10:11 These things happened to

them as examples and were written down as warnings for us, on whom the fulfillment of the ages has come.

A little example: Numbers 21:4-9.

Genesis 22:1-14

Prefigures of Jesus Christ

Adam Melchizedek, Isaac, Joseph Moses Joshua Deborah, Samson, Saul David Elijah, Jonah Daniel, Cyrus Joshua the priest, Esther

Parallels Between Moses and Jesus 

Moses 

JesusPharaoh tried to kill him 

Herod tried to kill him

Called by God to leave Egypt

Carried out of Egypt

Forty years in the wilderness to prepare for his ministry

Forty days in the wilderness to prepare for his ministryLeft his position with the

king of Egypt to dwell with the Jews

Left the right hand of the Father to life with the JewsLed Israel out of slavery in

EgyptLeads Spiritual Israel out of sin

Aaron prepared the way 

John the Baptist prepared the way

Baptized Israel in the Red Sea in order to free them

Commands baptism in water for freedom from sinGave manna in the wilderness

(sort of)Gives spiritual bread to all who hunger

Gave water to the people in the desert

Gives spiritual water: the Holy Spirit

Spoke to God on Mt. Sinai Spoke to God on Mt. Hermon

Model of The Jewish TabernacleHebrews 10:19-20

Type/Antitype Relationships in the Tabernacle 

ITEM IN TABERNACLE OR TEMPLE 

ANTITYPE IN THE NEW COVENANT

SCRIPTURE REFERENCE

The tabernacle itself God dwelling with his people

John 14:1-3, John 1:14J. Rev 1:13

The bronze altar of sacrifice

The sacrifice of Jesus for sins

 

The basin/laver 

Baptism  

The show bread 

The bread of life, Jesus Christ

 

The lampstand 

The Holy Spirit Zechariah 4:1-6

The altar of incense The prayers of the saints

Revelation 5:8

The blue, purple and scarlet yarn

The heavens, the kingship of God, the blood of Jesus

 

The curtain Separation from God Matthew 27:51

The ark of the covenant

The presence of God  

The Mercy Seat 

The grace of God  

The Cherubim 

   

Hebrews 9:14

Titus 3:5

John 6:48-51

Psalm 132:7,8

The angels in heaven Ezekiel 10:15-22

Sacrificial Type and Antitype  

Old Testament Sacrifice

New Testament fulfillment

Scriptures 

Sweet Savor Sacrifices

The Burnt Offering

Jesus’ and our devotion to God 

Ephesians 5:1,2 Romans 12:1,2

The Grain Offering Giving back a contribution to God

Matthew 6:19-21Romans 8,9

The Drink Offering Pouring out our life for God 

Luke 22:20 Philippians 2:16

The Fellowship Offering

Celebrating our blessings from God

John 10:101 Thess 5:16

Blood Sacrifices

The Sin Offering Jesus’ sacrifice for our sins 

1 Peter 1:18,192 Corinthians 5:21

The Guilt Offering

Maintaining a relationship with one another

Matthew 5:23,24

The Red Heifer Sacrifice as a PrefigureThe Red Heifer Sacrifice The Sacrifice of JesusA very rare red heifer A unique sonSacrificed outside the camp(on the Mount of Olives)

Sacrificed outside the camp (on the Mount of Olives)

To purify both Jews and Gentiles

To purify both Jews and Gentiles

A sacrifice without blemish (not even one black hair!)

A sacrifice without blemish

Never been yoked (voluntary, not sinned)

A voluntary sacrifice, without sin

Scarlet wool and wood Blood on woodHyssop (purification from infection)

Purifies from the infection of sin

Combines ashes from sacrifice with water for purification.

Combine the blood of Jesus with baptism for purification

First Covenant Festivals as Types

Jewish Festival Antitype in the Christian Life

Passover (pesach) The Sacrificial Death of Jesus Christ

Feast of Firstfruits The Resurrection of Jesus Christ

Feast of Unleavened Bread Celebrating Being Free of Sin in Our Lives

Feast of Weeks/Pentecost (shavoat)

The Giving of the Holy Spirit and the Initiation of the Church

Feast of Trumpets (rosh hashanah)

Judgement Day, Jesus Coming Back

Day of Atonement (yom kippur)

The Day We Were Saved—Spiritual Birthday

Feast of Booths (Tabernacles)

Celebrating Life in Fellowship with God

Feast of Trumpets Rosh Hashanah/Yom Teruah

A foreshadow of the Return of Jesus. • Matt 25:30-31, I Thess 4:13-14 Trumpet call.

A foreshadow of Judgment Day

Rabbis: Stay awake all night so you will be prepared.

The Day of Atonement Yom Kippur

Sacrificial goat and scape goat.

Sins laid on sacrificial goat, killed outside the camp.

Prefigure of the salvation of Jesus.

Passover/Pesach Death sentence Pure, undefiled Passover almb Blood sprinkled on the wooden beam above the

door. A remembrance of salvation from death A rembrance of salvation from slavery No bone broken The third cup: the cup of salvation.

Feast of Firstfruits

A harvest festival when there was no harvest.

A promise of a future harvest.

A foreshadow of the final resurrection.

A prefigure of the resurrection of Jesus.

Coll 1:18 The first born from among the dead.

Conclusion?What is your response to Jesus?

John 11:25, 43-50

Many believed in him

Others decided to kill him.

What about you?