Jerusalem at the Time of Jesus - Biblical Travel Study Coursesuserfiles/JCBS/Jerusalem at the Time...
Transcript of Jerusalem at the Time of Jesus - Biblical Travel Study Coursesuserfiles/JCBS/Jerusalem at the Time...
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Jerusalem at the Time of Jesus
and Jesus� Ministry in Jerusalem
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Psalm 122
�I was glad when they
said unto me, �Let us go to the house of the Lord! Our feet are standing in your gates, O Jerusalem.�
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Jerusalem
• Jerusalem: the Ancient One
• Jerusalem: the Holy City
• Jerusalem of Gold
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I. Jerusalem at the Time of Jesus
• Estimated population was 40,000
• Swelled to 250,00 for festivals
• Unless Josephus is to be trusted
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Jerusalem and Herod the Great
• The Builder King • Masada, Caesarea
Maritima, and the Herodium • Jerusalem and the
Temple
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The Second Temple
• Dimensions were impressive (doubled size of platform)
• Work force numbered 18,000
• Construction methods were advanced
• Materials were the finest
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Two Descriptions of the Temple
• A Disciple: �Look, Teacher, what large stones and what large buildings!�
• Josephus: To the stranger who suddenly came over the mountain, the
Temple was like �a snow-clad mountain for all that was not gold was gleaming white.�
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The Antonia Fortress
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The Royal Stoa
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Temple Courts
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The Teaching Steps
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The City of Jerusalem
• The Upper City of the Elite
• The Lower City of the Poor • Herod�s Palace • Greek and Roman Influence
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The Upper City
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The Lower City
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Herod�s Palace
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Greek and Roman Influence
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The Major Players
• The Sadducees • The Pharisees • The Essenes • The Zealots • The Romans • The Herodians
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II. Jesus� Ministry in Jerusalem
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Jesus� First Visits
• Parents came to �fulfill the Law� at his birth (Luke)
• Passover at twelve years of age
• Passover, Pentecost and Feast of Tabernacles
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The First Passover in John�s Gospel
• John 2:13-3:21 • Jesus cleanses the Temple
• Attracts the attention of major players
• Encounters Nicodemus
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Jesus� Visit During Purim
• John 5: 1-18
• Pool of Bethesda
• Heals man waiting 38 years
• Violates sabbath and more
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Jesus� Visit During Feast of Tabernacles
• John 7 – 8 • On the last day, High Priest brings
water as a libation from the Pool of Siloam to plead for the rains
• Jesus teaches: �Let anyone who is thirsty come to me…� (7:37)
• And �Out of the believer�s heart shall flow rivers of living water…� (7:38)
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Later at the Feast of Booths
• Four giant candlelabras illumine Temple Mount
• Placed in the Court of Women for all to
see
• Jesus says: �I am the light of the world� (8:12)
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Jesus Attends the Feast of Hanukkah
• John 10: 22-40 • Jesus teaches in Solomon�s porticoes • �How long will you keep us in
suspense…if you are the Messiah…� • �My sheep hear my voice, I know
them…� • The Jews took up stones again to stone
him
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The Final Week: Palm Sunday
• John 12: 12-19
• Jesus mounts a donkey at Bethphage
• Hosannas and palm branches
• Jesus weeps over the city (Luke)
• Major players take notice
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Holy Monday • Mark 11: 12-19
• Jesus returns to the city from Bethany • He examines and curses a fig tree
• Jesus cleanses the Temple
• �My house shall be called a house of prayer for all nations�
• �You have made it a den of thieves� (Jeremiah 7 and 26)
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Holy Tuesday
• Mark 11: 20 – 12:37 • Jesus teaches all day in Solomon�s
porticoes • Leaders ask �by what authority?� • He teaches about the wicked tenants • Jesus answers questions about taxes, the
resurrection, and the first commandment
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The Rabbis� Teaching Steps
• Matthew 23
• Jesus pronounces the �seven woes� on the Pharisees
• He closes his public ministry on these steps
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Holy Wednesday
• Mark 14: 1-9 • Jesus quietly rests at Bethany in the house of
Simon the leper
• A woman anoints Jesus for burial
• Judas betrays Jesus
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Maundy Thursday
• Mark 14: 12-17 and John 13 • The disciples prepare for the Passover • They find a �man carrying a jar of
water� • Jesus announces his betrayal and his
betrayer • �It is the one to whom I give this piece
of bread� (John 13:26)
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The Arrest of Jesus
• John 18: 1-11
• Jesus prays in Gethsemane
• Judas betrays Jesus with a kiss
• Jesus renounces violence and �drinks the cup�
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The Trial(s) of Jesus
• John 18: 23:12 – 19:12 and Luke 23: 6-12 • Jesus� trial before Annas • Jesus� trial before Caiaphas • His trial before Pilate • Jesus� hearing before Herod Antipas • Jesus� final trial and condemnation
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Good Friday
• The Synoptic Gospels and John • The scourging of Jesus • The way of the cross (Simon of Cyrene) • The crucifixion of Jesus • The death of Jesus • The burial of Jesus
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Holy Saturday
• Lord, how could they?
• Lord, is it I?
• �We had hoped that He was the One to redeem Israel�
• Love and hate collided…would hate win?
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Easter Day
• John 20 – 21 and the Synoptic Gospels • �Early on the first day of the week� • The first witness – Mary Magdalene • Then he appeared to the 10 • Later he appears to Thomas • Judas takes his own life • The risen Lord joins two on the road to
Emmaus • He appears to 500 and ascends to the Father
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The New Jerusalem
• Love and hate contends for Jerusalem • Love will win • One day, there will be a �new
Jerusalem� (Revelation 21-22) • Until then, let us work and pray in the
name of the Risen One • �Pray for the peace of
Jerusalem� (Psalm 122)
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What You Might See Today
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Pool of Siloam Steps to Temple
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First Century Street
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First Century Shops
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Rabbi�s Teaching Steps
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Mikveh At the Southern Entrance to Temple Mount
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Double Gate to Temple Mount
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Trumpeting Stone of the Temple
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Temple Mount Step
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Holy Sepulcher Church
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Paving Stones in the Jewish Quarter
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Kidron Valley
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Hinnom Valley or Gehenna