Jérémie Wajs - SYSTRA

LightRail201721– 22February2017

CrownePlaza,SurfersParadise

Grantingtrafficlightprioritytomaximise efficiencyofalightrail

21February 2017



Speaker: JérémieWajs,PhDHead,TramwaySystemsUnit,SYSTRA



TheSYSTRAGroup:over60yearsofpublictransportationexperience…

Page2 Grantingtrafficlightprioritytomaximiseefficiencyofalightrail

SYSTRA:world-leadingtramwayengineers£ Planned,designedandtestedover75%ofFrance

newtramwaylinesontimeandwithin budget;30otherprojectsworldwide.

£ Holdstheworldrecordfornewlightrail/tramwaylines>450km.

£ Recordnumberofprogrammanagement,planning,designandconstructionmanagementcontractsonlightrail/tramwayprojects:30lines.

£ Designedtheworld’s1stcatenary-freetramwayline.



Contents

Page3 Grantingtrafficlightprioritytomaximise efficiencyofalightrail

Trafficlightpriority fortramways:

1. Mainfiguresobserved without traffic lightpriority

2. Expected gainsandadvantages

3. Mainprinciples,concepts

4. Technical solutions

5. Maininterfaces



Why traffic lightpriority?





Mainfigureswithouttrafficlightpriority

£ 20to30%ofthetotaltripdurationislostatroadcrossings

25secondsonaverageforeachroadcrossingincludingtimeforacceleration/deceleration

£ Commercialspeedisintherangeof10to14kph

lowduetothefactthattramwaysarestuckingeneraltraffic£ Problemsofregularity:averageheadwaybetweentramwaypassages

isunpredictable.

Forpassengers,regularity(includingwaitingtimeinstation)ispartoftheattractivenessofthetransportmean.


59%17%

24% Running

Exchangeofpassengersinstations

Waitingtimelostatroadcrossing

Tripduration



Expected gainsandadvantages:commercialspeed&fleet size


GainsobservedinEuropewithtrafficlightpriority:£ Commercialspeedincreasedfrom14kph to17kph

19.5kph ifthetramwaysegregatedfromgeneraltraffic.

£ RollingstockfleetsizereducedforagivenPPHPD

Lowerinvestment,operation&maintenancecosts…

or£ Morecapacityforthesamefleetsize.

Betterattractivity andincreasedridership



Expected gainsandadvantages:passenger pointofview


GainsobservedinEuropewithtrafficlightpriority:£ Regularityimproved,headwaymoreconstantonaverage,

traveltimemorepredictable.

£ Lesswaitingatstations,shortertripduration

£ Lessfrustrationatintersections

£ Overall,thetramwaytransportationmeansismoreattractiveforpassengers.



Expected gainsandadvantages:typical figures


Foratypicaltramwayline(20km,20stations,4minheadway,3000

PPHPD,40roadcrossings,25secondslostateachroadcrossingon

average):

CriterionWithout

traffic lightpriority

With trafficlightpriority Gain

Commercialspeed 13.9kph 17.2kph +24%

Tripduration 89min 73min -18.5%

Fleet size 51 42 -17.5%



Expected gainsandadvantages:cost pointofview


Financialfallbacksofpropertrafficlightpriority:£ Savingsobservedonoperationalcosts(lessdrivers).

£ Savingsobservedonrollingstockinvestments,maintenanceandrenewal(fleetsizeisreduced).

£ Revenuesareincreasedbecausethetramwaytransportationmeansismoreattractive(tripdurationisreducedandregularityisimproved).



Expected gainsandadvantages:Yes,but…


…Buttrafficlightprioritycanonlydosomuch:

£ ifthetramwayisstuckintrafficclutter,performanceisreduced.

£ Propertransportplanningandtramplatformseparationwhereverpossiblearethemostefficientwaystoimproveperformance.

£ Culturalaspectsandeducationofcar(andtramway)driversshallnotbeneglected:ifdriversdonotfollowtrafficlights,efficiencyisreduced.



Planningtraffic intheneighborhood ofthetram

Upstream reasoning aboutneeds,city(orneighborhood)-wide traffic patternsandthefutureoftraffic inthevicinityofthetramway




Publictransportationasaparadigm andnotyet another vehicle inthestreet

£ Reasoning aboutpeopletransported vsreasoning aboutvehicles:letting onetramwaythrough atanintersectionvsletting 100carsthrough

£ Political willingness tomake roomforpublictransportation:atramis astatementaboutthefutureoftransportation


Inurbancontext,roadcapacityis1veh/3sec=>1560pax/track/hour

4680pax/directiononroadinfrastructure

Withheadway=4min,LRTcapacityis3150pax/hour/direction

2400pax+3150pax =5500pax/direction:+19%capacity onroadinfrastructure



Technical solutionsfortraffic lightpriority





Reaching traffic lightpriority:mainconcepts

Mainprinciplesandobjectivesforatramwaypriorityconceptare:

£ Mainguidingprincipleistooffermaximumprioritytothetramwayatintersections.

£ Waitingtimeforthetramwayshallbezerotocrosstheintersection.

£ Generaldefinition:“Maximumpriorityshallensurethegreenlightfortramwayswithouthavingtostoporreducespeed,butalsowithoutmajornegativeinfluenceonothertrafficflows”.

£ Conceptof“Greenwave”trafficlightsfortramways.




Technical solutions


ROADTRAFFICSUPERVISION

OCC



Technical solutions


Vehicle/groundtransmission:

Onboardtramways:Transmitterantennas

Embeddedintracks:detection loops



Technical solutions:howit allcomes together


Atramwayis detected byalongdistanceloop.Theinformationis transmitted tothetraffic lightcontroller.

SD reset





Absoluteprioritytothetramisgiven.

SD reset





Conflictingmovementsattheintersectionarestopped,thetramwayisauthorizedthrough.

SD reset





SD reset





SD resetSD reset





Theintersectionisrestoredbacktogeneraltraffic.

SD reset



Interfaces





Interfaces


RoadTraffic

Signalling

RollingStock&AVMS

RailwaySignalling

ControlCentre

PowerSupply

RoadTrafficCentre

TrackPlatformworks

Civilworks

Numerousinterfacestobemanaged:

Integrationofroadtrafficequipmentoutsideofplatform:

signalpoles,cable ducts,manholes,controller cabinets…

Integration ofroadtraffic equipment within platform:

signalpoles,cable ducts,manholes,loops…

Status ofeach signal

group,macro-regulation…Powertoeach roadtraffic

controller…

Working status ofeach intersection

(formaintenancepurposes)…

Coordinationwith railway signalling

areasinthevicinity ofanintersection…

Integration ofon-board priority equipment,departure

from station,vehicle locationandservicetype…



Conclusions





Conclusions

£ Roadtraffic priority fortramwaysenhances their commercialspeedandreduces thenecessary fleet size.

Better attractivity forcustomers andbetter revenuefrom service,lower investment andO&Mcosts.

£ Tramsenhancecapacityofinfrastructuregiventhatonechangesparadigm:numberofpeoplethroughanintersectioninsteadofnumberofvehicles.

Apoliticalwillandstatement!

£ Proper redesigning oftraffic patternsinthevicinity ofthetramwayallows better efficiency.

£ Numerous interfacestobe taken into account toensure effectivepriority andsuccess ofthetransportationproject.


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