JEPP NOTAM PDF BOOK - ebooks4pilots.com Jumping/Sky Diving - PJE ..... 90,91 Aerobatic Aircraft and...

NOTAMs ILLUSTRATED

Fourth Edition

eBook Series Version 1.3

Copyright 2012 Find-it Fast Books

No part of this eBook, or in its entirety, may be reproduced or retransmitted by any electronic

or mechanical means including information storage and retrieval systems for the purpose of

sharing with others without the express written consent of the author.

by

Jerry Miller

406 Henry Drive

Montoursville, PA 17754

www.finditfastbooks.com

“The writer does the most

who gives his reader the most knowledge,

and takes from him the least time.”

-Sydney Smith (1771-1845)

Page Two Reserved

Introduction

NOTAMs are one of the most under appreciated, but mostimportant aspects of your preflight preparation. You may feelcomfortable with your ability to interpret NOTAMs, however, there’salways a few that perplex even the most seasoned pilots.

This book was written to help pilots and aviation professionalsdeveloping a grasp of the NOTAM language. With this book, allpilots, airport operations personnel, dispatchers, and other aviationprofessionals will be able to understand virtually any NOTAM theyconfront in seconds with the simple flip of a few pages.

NOTAMs Illustrated borrows heavily from the flight servicespecialist’s “Bible”, FAA Order 7930.2. However, this book goes farbeyond the FAA publication by adding more contractions &translations, and by providing additional insights gained from mytwenty-four years experience as a flight service specialist.

Local NOTAMs now NOTAMs D

Local NOTAMs became part of the National Airspace System at0500 UTC on January 28, 2008, published as NOTAMs D.

Although there is no formal timeline, during a transitional period ofabout four months or more, previously issued Local NOTAMs will beconverted by flight service to NOTAMs D, as time permits.

All NOTAMs D will also include keywords as part of this updatingprocess. During the transitional period, previously issued NOTAMs Dwill be updated to include these new keywords.

The application of keywords does not significantly change thecontent of NOTAM information. The keywords simply precede theNOTAM text and are intended to allow certain users to createsoftware programs, which can extract or filter specific NOTAMcategories pertinent to their needs.

See pages 21 and 22 for a discussion of the most significantchanges of this modification to the NOTAM system.

3

How to Use This Book

Pages 9 through 17 provide you with an enhanced alphabeticallisting of over 400 contractions common to most, if not all NOTAMs.This list includes many more contractions than those listed in theofficial FAA NOTAMS manual.

You will notice some contractions that are identical, but havedifferent meanings. Simply use the appropriate definition by putting itinto the proper context of the NOTAM you are translating.

Following many of the defined contractions you will see pagereferences. These page numbers will lead you to a sample NOTAMwhere the contraction is put to use.

It would be impossible to list every conceivable NOTAM in anybook. Your responsibility lies in developing a basic familiarity ofNOTAM formats and terms by first studying pages 19 through 29.

With an understanding of this basic information, and by using thequick reference contraction pages, you will be armed with theknowledge to interpret the actual NOTAM you are attempting tounderstand.

The discussion about temporary flight restrictions (TFRs)contained on pages 103 through 107 is another good section toinitially review. Here, you will find a few tips on how to protectyourself, should you blissfully and unknowingly wander into a TFR.

Another section to review at the beginning of the winter months isthe information contained on pages 37 through 49, snow, ice, andslush NOTAMs.

Much of the text throughout this book is in bold type, like this.This highlighting is for clarity or emphasis only, and is not howNOTAMs are formatted in the real world.

So, now, turn to page 18 and begin your journey into the mythicalland of XYZ - the Eckswhyzee Airport, and learn all about NOTAMs!

4

Table of Contents

NOTAM Contractions ......................... 9-17

NOTAM Classification ...................... 19-24

NOTAM D ................................ 19,20

KEYWORD USE and NOTAM L’s now NOTAM D’s 21,22

FDC NOTAMs ..................... 23 and 99-107

Military NOTAMs ........................... 24

Pointer NOTAMs ............................ 24

NTAP - NOTAM to Airmen Publication ........... 25

Terms used in NOTAMs ...................... 26-29

"and" - or the Virgule .................... 26

Altitude and Height ....................... 26

Days of the Week .......................... 27

Sunrise and Sunset ........................ 27

Runway Designations ....................... 27

Expression of Time ........................ 28

PLUS SEE .................................. 29

Movement Area NOTAMs ...................... 30-56

Typical Contractions Used ................. 30

Commissioning/Decommissioning ............. 31

Closures and Openings .................. 31-33

Restrictions ........................... 33-35

Runway - Right, Left, and Center .......... 36

Runway - Identification Change ............ 36

Runway - Rubber Accumulation .............. 36

Snow, Ice, Slush, Water ................ 37-55

Typical Contractions Used .............. 37

Measurement Depth ...................... 38

Coverage ............................... 39

Conditions ............................. 39

Snow ................................ 40-44

Ice ................................. 42,43

Slush .................................. 43

Drifting/Drifted Snow .................. 44

Plowed or Swept ........................ 45

Sand/Sanded - SA ....................... 46

Deicing - Liquid/Solid.................. 46

Snowbanks - SNBNK ...................... 47

Work in Progress ................... 48-48A

Snow and Ice Removal ................. 48-A

Braking Action Reports - BA ............ 49

5

Table of Contents

Runway Friction Measurement - MU .... 50-52

Water .................................. 53

Mud ................................. 53,54

Frost/Frost Heave ...................... 54

Cracks ................................. 54

Ruts ................................... 55

Soft Edge .............................. 55

Certificated Airport Aircraft Rescue and

Fire Fighting Equipment ............. 56

Lighting Aid NOTAMs ....................... 57-63


Approach Light System - ALS ............... 58

Sequence Flashing Lights - SFL ............ 58

Runway Edge Light - RWY LGTS .............. 59

Runway Lights Obscured Due to Snow & Ice .. 59

Runway Centerline Light System - RCLL ..... 60

Touchdown Zone Lights - TDZ ............... 60

Runway Lead-in Light System - RLLS ........ 60

Airport Lighting Power Failure ............ 60

Airport Rotating Beacon - ABN ............. 61

Stop Bar Lighting System .................. 61

Pilot Controlled Lighting - PCL ........ 61,62

Obstruction Light Outages - Towers, etc ... 63

NAVAID NOTAMs ............................. 64-74


Unmonitored NAVAID ........................ 65

Restrictions to NAVAID's ............... 65,66

Instrument Landing Systems - ILS ....... 66-68

Microwave Landing Systems - MLS ........... 69

Simplified Directional Facility - SDF ..... 70

Localizer Type Directional Aid - LDA ...... 70

VOR/DME ................................... 70

VORTAC - VOR, DME, TACAN ............... 70-72

Terminal VOR - TVOR ....................... 72

NDB ....................................... 73

NDB/LO ................................. 73,74

NAVAID Identification Change .............. 74

RADAR Outages ............................. 75

6

Table of Contents

Communication Outlet NOTAMs ............... 76-79


Automatic Terminal Information Svc - ATIS . 77

Remote Communication Outlet - RCO ......... 77

Clearance Delivery - CD ................... 77

Local Airport Advisory - LAA .............. 78

VOR Voice ................................. 78

Remote Transmitter/Receiver - RTR ......... 78

Remote Communication Air/Ground Facility .. 79

Enroute Flight Advisory Service - EFAS .... 79

Hazardous Inflt Weather Advzy Svc - HIWAS . 79

Service NOTAMs ............................ 80-85


Changes in Hours of Operation/ATC Facility

or Service .......................... 80,81

Temporary Air Traffic Control Tower .... 81,82

Loss of ATC Communications ............. 82,83

Traffic Delays ............................ 84

Traffic Management Program Alerts and

Reservations ........................... 84

Flow Control Messages ..................... 85

Fuel Unavailability ....................... 85

Weather & Weather Reporting Equip NOTAMs .. 86-88


Commissioning/Decommissioning of Equipment 86

Weather Reporting Equipment Failure ....... 87

AWOS Unreliable/Inaccurate Elements ....... 87

AWOS/ASOS Frequency Inoperative ........... 88

Low Level Windshear Alert System - LLWAS .. 88

Terminal Doppler Weather RADAT - TDWR ..... 88

Runway Visual Range - RVR ................. 88

Airspace NOTAMs ........................... 89-98


Parachute Jumping/Sky Diving - PJE ..... 90,91

Aerobatic Aircraft and Areas .............. 91

Unmanned Model Rocket Launches ............ 92

Hot Air Balloons .......................... 92

Moored Balloons ........................... 92

High Altitude Balloon - HIBAL ............. 93

Restricted Areas .......................... 93

7

Table of Contents

Surface Areas/Airspace - Hours Open .... 93,94

Temporary Loss of Communications Due to Hours

of Operation Change of Surface Area .... 94

Unmanned Air Vehicles - UAV ............... 94

Airshows .................................. 95

Demonstration Aircraft - DMNSTN ACFT ...... 95

Aerial Refueling .......................... 96

Airspace and Altitude Reservations-CARF 96,97

Missile Firing and Offshore Reservations 97,98

FDC NOTAMs and TFRs ...................... 99-107


General Discussion/Description ........... 100

Airway Change - Interim IFR Flt Procedure 101

Standard Instrument Approach Procedure - SIAP

Interim IFR Flight Procedure .......... 101

Snow Conditions Affecting Glide Slope Ops 102

Laser Light Activity ..................... 102

Air Defense Emergency ................ 102-103

Temporary Flight Restrictions - TFRs . 103-107

Wide Area Augmentation System - WAAS and

Global Positioning System NOTAMs ........ 108-111

Typical Contractions Associated With ..... 108

WAAS Site Specific (Unreliable) NOTAMs ... 109

WAAS Area Wide NOTAMs (Unavailable) ...... 110

GPS NOTAMs ............................... 111

Ground Based Transceiver (GBT) NOTAMs .... 111

8

NOTAM Contractions

AAWF Auxiliary Aviation Weather Facility

ABN airport rotating beacon, 61

ABV above

ACC area control center - ARTCC

ACCUM accumulate/accumulation, 36

ACFT aircraft, 91, 95

ACR air carrier, 32, 56, 95

ACT active, 93, 96

AD aerodrome (a NOTAM keyword),21, 31, 32, 56, 60, 95

ADIZ air defense identification zone

ADJ adjacent, 22

ADZD advised, 91, 94-95

AFD airport facility directory

AFSS Automated Flight Service Station, 83

AGL above ground level, 26, 63

ALS approach light system, 58, 68

ALT altitude

ALTM altimeter

ALTN alternate

ALTNLY alternately, 48

ALSTG altimeter setting 87

AMDT amendment, 101

AMGR airport manager

AMOS Automatic Meteorological Observing System

AP airport, (replaced by “AD” on 1-28-08)

APCH approach

AD LGT aerodrome / airport lighting, 60

APP approach control

APRON Apron - paved strip in front of and around airport

hangars & terminal buildings (also NOTAM Keyword)

APV approaches with vertical guidance - WAAS

ARFF aircraft rescue and fire fighting, 56

ARSR air route surveillance RADAR, 75

ARTCC Air Route Traffic Control Center, 83

ARR arrive, arrival

ASDA accelerate-stop distance available

ASDE airport surface detection equipment

ASOS Automatic Surface Observing System, 88

ASPH asphalt, 31

ASR approach surveillance RADAR

ASR antenna structure registration, 63

ATC air traffic control, 84

ATCCC Air Traffic Control Command Center, 85

ATSCC Air Traffic System Command Center

ATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service, 77

AUTH authority

AUTOB Automatic Weather Reporting System

AVBL available, 35, 87

9

NOTAM Contractions

AWOS Automatic Weather Observing System, 86, 87, 88

AWY airway

AZM azimuth, 69, 71, 72

BA FAIR braking action fair, 49

BA NIL braking action nil, 49

BA POOR braking action poor, 46, 49

BC back course

BCN beacon

BERM snowbank/s containing earth/gravel, 47

BLW below, 65, 66, 67, 69, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95

BND bound, 93

BOW Bowmonk Decelerometer, 51 - plus see 50-52

BRD Brakemeter-Dynometer, 51 - plus see 50-52

BRG bearing

BYD beyond, 65, 66, 69

C center, 36

CAAS Class A Airspace

CARF central altitude reservation function, 96, 97

CAT category, 68

CBAS Class B Airspace, 94

CBSA Class B Surface Area, 94

CCAS Class C Airspace, 94

CCLKWS counterclockwise

CCSA Class C Surface Area, 94

CD clearance delivery, 77, 82

CDAS Class D Airspace, 94

CDSA Class D Surface Area, 94

CEAS Class E Airspace, 94

CESA Class E Surface Area, 93, 94

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CGAS Class G Airspace

CHAN channel, 69

CHART Chart (FDC NOTAM keyword)

CHG change or modification

CIG ceiling, 87

CK check

CL center line

CLKWS clockwise

CLR clearance, clear/s, cleared to

CLSD closed, 31-36, 48, 81, 95

CMB climb

CMSN commissioned, 58, 59, 66, 69, 86

CMSND commissioned, 31, 62

CNL cancel

CNTRLN centerline, 22

COM communications, 94 (also a NOTAM keyword), 21

CONC concrete

CPD coupled

CRS course, 67

10

NOTAM Contractions

CTAF common traffic advisory frequency

CTC contact

CTL control

DALGT daylight

DATA Data (FDC NOTAM keyword)

DCMSN decommission, 66, 69

DCMSND decommissioned, 31

DCT direct

DEGS degrees

DEP depart, departure

DEP PROC departure procedure

DH decision height

DISABLD disabled

DIST distance

DLA delay or delayed, 84

DLT delete

DLY daily, 27, 62, 81, 82, 93, 94, 96

DME distance measuring equipment, 68, 70, 71

DMSTN demonstration, 95

DP departure procedure, 23, 96, 100

DP dewpoint temperature

DRFT snowbank/s caused by wind action, 44

DSPLCD displaced, 33

DW dual wheel - on aircraft

DTW dual tandem wheels - on aircraft

E east, 55, 93

EB eastbound

EFAS Enroute Flight Advisory Service, 79

ELEV elevation, 69

ENG engine

ENRT en route

ENTR entire

ERD Electronic Recording Decelerometer, 51, 50-52

EXC except, 32, 95

FAC facility or facilities

FAF final approach fix

FAN MKR fan marker

FDC flight data center, 19, 23, 100-107

FICON field condition, 37, 39, 41-47, 53-55

FI/P flight inspection permanent, 23, 100

FI/T flight inspection temporary, 23, 100-102

FL flight level, 26

FM from

FNA final approach

FPM feet per minute

FREQ frequency

FRH fly runway heading

FRI Friday, 27, 32, 80, 81

FRZ flight restricted zone

FRZN frozen, 42, 43

11

NOTAM Contractions

FSS Flight Service Station

FT foot or feet

GC ground control, 81

GCA ground control approach, 75

GCO ground communication outlet

GCP ground check point

GP glide path, 66-68

GPS Global Positioning System, 111

GRT Griptester, 51 - plus see 50-52

GRVL gravel

HAA height above airport

HAT height above touchdown

HDG heading

HEL helicopter

HELI heliport, 31

HIBAL high altitude balloon, 93

HIRL high intensity runway lights, 59

HIWAS Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service, 79

HLDG holding

HOL holiday

HP holding pattern

HR hour

HRS hours, 94

IAF initial approach fix

IAP Instrument Approach Procedure (FDC NOTAM keyword)

INBD inbound

ID identification

IDENT identify, identifier, identification

IF intermediate fix

ILS Instrument Landing System, 66-68, 102

IM inner marker, 68

IMC instrument meteorological conditions

IN inch, inches, 38, 40-47, 53-55

INDEFLY indefinitely

INFO information

INOP inoperative

INST instrument, 48

INSTR instrument

INT intersection, 96

INTL international

INTST intensity, 62

IR ice on runway/s, 42, 43, 46

KT knots

L left, 36

LAA local airport advisory, 78

LAT latitude

LAWRS Limited Aviation Weather reporting Station

LB pound/s

12

NOTAM Contractions

LC local control, 81, 82

LOC local, locally, location

LCTD located

LDA localizer type directional aid, 70

LDA landing distance available

LGT/S light/s or lighting, 22, 60-63

LGTD lighted, 31

LIRL low intensity runway lights

LLWAS Low Level Wind Shear Alert System, 88

LM compass locator at ILS middle marker

LDG landing

LLZ localizer 67, 68

LNAV Lateral Navigation - WAAS, 109

LNDG landing, 34

LO compass locator at ILS outer marker, 68, 73, 74

LONG longitude

LORAN Long Range Navigation

LPV vertical approach minima - WAAS, 109

LRN long range navigation

LSR loose snow on runway/s, 41, 42, 44, 47

LT left turn

M missing

MAG magnetic

MAINT maintain, maintenance

MALS medium intensity approach light system

MALSF medium intensity approach light system with

sequenced flasher indicator lights

MALSR medium intensity approach light system with

runway alignment, 58

MAP/MAPT missed approach point

MCA minimum crossing altitude

MDA minimum descent altitude

MEA minimum enroute altitude, 101

MED medium

MIN minute/s

MIRL medium intensity runway lights

MKR marker

MLS microwave landing system, 69

MM middle marker, 68

MNM minimum

MNT monitor, monitoring, monitored

MOC minimum obstruction clearance

MON Monday, 27, 32, 80, 81

MRA minimum reception altitude

MSA minimum safe altitude or minimum sector altitude

MSAW minimum safe altitude warning

MSG message, 85

MSL mean sea level, 26, 63

13

NOTAM Contractions

MU mu friction value or meters, 50-52

MUD mud, 53, 54

MUM Mark 4 Mu Meter, 51 - plus see 50-52

MUNI municipal

N north

NA not authorized, 68

NAV navigation (also a NOTAM keyword), 21

NB Northbound

NDB non-directional radio beacon, 73, 74

NE northeast

NGT night

NM nautical miles

NMR nautical mile radius, 90, 91, 92, 94, 95

NMRS numerous

NONSTD nonstandard,33

NOPT no procedure turn required

NR number

NTAP notice to airmen publication, 24, 25, 84

NVG night vision goggles

NW northwest, 36, 54

O other aeronautical information - NOTAM keyword

OBSC obscured, obscure, obscuring, 59

OBST obstruction, obstacle (also NOTAM keyword), 21

ODP Obstacle Departure Procedure (FDC NOTAM keyword)

OM outer marker, 67, 68

OPR operate, operator, operative

OPS operation/s

ORIG original

OTS out of service - used throughout in examples

OVR over, 34, 42, 43

PAX passenger/s, 56

PAPI precision approach path indicator, 21, 22

PAR precision approach radar, 75

PARL parallel, 35

PAT pattern

PCL pilot controlled lighting, 61, 62

PERM permanent, 31

PJE parachute jumping exercise, 90, 91

PLA practice low approach, 35

PLW plow, plowed, 45, 47

PN prior notice required

PPR prior permission required, 32

PRN psuedo random noise, 110

PROC procedure

PROC NA procedure not authorized, 101

PROP propeller

PSR packed snow on runway/s, 41, 42, 45

PTCHY patchy, 39, 41, 45, 53

14

NOTAM Contractions

PTN procedure turn

PVT private

R right, 36, 67

RAA Remote Airport Advisory

RAIL runway alignment indicator lights, 58, 68

RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring, 110

RAMOS Remote Automatic Meteorological Observing System

RAMP Ramp - The paved area of an airport between the

terminal building and the taxiways, used to park

airplanes during loading and unloading (also a

NOTAM keyword), 21

RCAG Remote Communications Air/Ground Facility, 79

RCL runway center line

RCLL runway center line lights, 60, 68

RCO remote communications outlet, 77

REC receive or receiver

RELCTD relocated

RENL runway end lights, 21, 22

REP report, 87

RFT Runway friction tester, 51 - plus see 50-52

RLLS runway lead-in light system, 60

RMNDR remainder, 45, 46

RMK remark/s

RNAV area navigation

ROUTE Route (FDC NOTAM keyword)

RPLC replace

RQRD required, 24, 84

RRL runway remaining lights

RSR en route surveillance radar

RSVN reservation, 84

RT right turn

RTE route

RTR remote transmitter/receiver, 78

RTS return to service

RUF rough, 42, 43

RVR runway visual range, 68, 88

RVRM runway visual range midpoint, 68, 88

RVRR runway visual range rollout, 68, 88

RVRT runway visual range touchdown, 68, 88

RWY/S runway/s, 48,59,61,62 (also a NOTAM keyword), 21

S south, 93

SA sand, sanded, 46

SAT Saturday, 80, 81

SAWRS Supplementary Aviation Weather Reporting Station

SB southbound

SDF simplified directional facility, 70

SE southeast

SFC surface, 97, 98

SFH Surface friction tester-hi press tire, 51, 50-52

15

NOTAM Contractions

SFL Surface friction tester-lo press tire, 51, 50-52

SFL sequence flashing lights, 58, 68

SIAP standard instrument approach procedure, 101

SID Standard Instrument Departure (FDC NOTAM keyword)

SIMUL simultaneous or simultaneously

SIR packed or compacted snow & ice on runway, 43, 45

SKED scheduled or schedule, 32, 95

SKH Skiddometer-hi press tire, 51 - plus see 50-52

SKL Skiddometer-lo press tire, 51 - plus see 50-52

SLR slush on runway/s, 43

SN undefined snow, 40, 41, 42

SNBNK snowbank/s caused by plowing - windrow/s, 47

SNGL single

SPD speed

SPECIAL Special (FDC NOTAM keyword)

SSALF simplified short approach lighting with

sequence flashers

SSALR simplified short approach lighting with

runway alignment indicator lights

SSALS simplified short approach lighting system

SSR secondary surveillance RADAR, 75

STA straight-in approach

STAR Standard Terminal Arrival, 23, 96, 100

SUN Sunday, 80,81

SVC/S service/s (also a NOTAM keyword), 21

SVN satellite vehicle number

SW southwest or single wheel

SWEPT swept or broom/ed, 45

T temperature, 87

TACAN Tactical Air Navigation - azimuth & DME, 70-72

TAP Tapley Decelerometer, 51 - plus see 50-52

TAR terminal area surveillance RADAR, 75

TDWR Terminal Doppler Weather RADAR

TDZ touchdown zone, 60

TDZL LGT touchdown zone lights, 60, 68

TEMPO temporary or temporarily, 81

TFC traffic

TFR temporary flight restriction, 100, 103-107

TGL touch and go landing/s, 34

THN thin, 38, 41, 42, 45, 46, 54

THR threshold, 21, 22, 33

THRU through

THU Thursday

TIL until, 28, 56, 63, 80, 81

TKOF takeoff, 34

TM Traffic Management, 84

TMPA Traffic Management Program Alert, 24, 25, 84, 85

TODA take-off distance available

TORA take-off run available

TRMNL terminal

16

NOTAM Contractions

TRNG training

TRSN transition

TSNT transient, 32, 34, 35

TUE Tuesday

TVOR Terminal VOR, 72

TWR airport control tower, 80, 81, 82, 83

TWY/s taxiway/s, 21, 22, 35 (also a NOTAM keyword), 21

TY Taxiway, also an acceptable contraction for taxiway

U unverified aeronautical information-NOTAM keyword

UAS unmanned aircraft systems, 94

UAV unmanned aircraft vehicle, 94

UFN until further notice, 102, 107

UNAVBL unavailable, 56, 75, 85

UNKN unknown, 63

UNL unlimited, 97, 98

UNLGTD unlighted

UNMKD unmarked

UNMNT unmonitored, 65

UNREL unreliable, 87

UNUSBL unusable, 29, 65, 66, 67, 69

VASI Visual Approach Slope Indicator System, 21

VDP visual descent point

VFP Visual Flight Procedure (FDC NOTAM keyword)

VER Vericom (VC3000), 51, plus see 50

VIA by way of, 96

VICE instead of/versus, 79

VIS visibility, 87

VMC visual meteorological conditions, 35

VNAV Vertical Navigation - WAAS, 109

VOL volume

VOR VHF omni-directional radio range 65, 66, 70, 71, 78

VORTAC VOR and TACAN - co-located, 70, 71, 72

W west, 33

WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System, 108, 109, 110

WB westbound

WED Wednesday

WEF with effect from or effective from, 28

WI within

WIE with immediate effect, 102, 107

WKDAYS Monday through Friday, 27

WKEND Saturday and Sunday, 27

WND wind

work... work in progress, 48, 48A

WPT waypoint

WSR wet snow on runway/s, 41, 43

WTR water on runway/s, 53

WX weather

17

NOTAM Contractions

ZAB Albuquerque Center - ARTCC

ZAN Anchorage Center - ARTCC

ZAU Chicago Center – ARTCC

ZBW Boston Center - ARTCC

ZDC Washington Center - ARTCC

ZDV Denver Center - ARTCC

ZFW Fort Worth Center - ARTCC

ZHU Houston Center - ARTCC

ZID Indianapolis Center - ARTCC

ZJX Jacksonville Center - ARTCC

ZKC Kansas City Center - ARTCC

ZLA Los Angeles Center - ARTCC

ZLC Salt Lake City Center - ARTCC

ZMA Miami Center - ARTCC

ZME Memphis Center - ARTCC

ZMP Minneapolis Center - ARTCC

ZNY New York Center - ARTCC

ZOA Oakland Center - ARTCC

ZOB Cleveland Center - ARTCC

ZSE Seattle Center - ARTCC

ZTL Atlanta Center – ARTCC

ZZZ identifier for an urgent

special data FDC NOTAM

The Aeronautical Information System

The method for disseminating aeronautical information iscomprised of two subsystems:

1. The Airmen's Information System (AIS), which consists of chartsand publications.

2. The NOTAM system, which uses telecommunications todistribute information.

The NOTAM system disseminates information about unanticipatedor temporary changes to components of, or hazards, in the NationalAirspace System (NAS).

NOTAMs remain in effect until cancelled or when the associatedcharts and related publications have been amended.

The NOTAM system does not include data already published orcharted.

18

NOTAM Classification

When a change in any component of the National AirspaceSystem (NAS) occurs so rapidly that time does not permit issuanceon a chart or in a publication, it is issued as a:

NOTICE TO AIRMEN

or more commonly known as a

NOTAM

A NOTAM states the abnormal status of a component of theNational Airspace System (NAS) - not the normal status.

NOTAMs are classified into two groups:

NOTAM D and FDC NOTAM

(Effective January 28, 2008, Local NOTAMs were reclassified as NOTAM D’s.During an undefined transitional period (hopefully within four months), there willbe a mix of previously issued Local NOTAMs remaining as Local NOTAMs andnewly issued former Local NOTAMs now issued as Distant NOTAMs.

NOTAM D - Also known as a Distant NOTAM:

A NOTAM D receives wide dissemination, which means theNOTAM information is transmitted over the weather network.

A NOTAM D is transmitted by flight service stations, and is neverissued more than three days in advance of the occurrence orscheduled event.

A NOTAM D pertains to flight-critical information such as:

Enroute navigational aids, such as VORs, VORTACs and NDBs.

Civil public use airports and airport features, such as arunway, taxiway, or airport lighting.

Services, such as an Air Traffic Control Tower or approach controlthat may be out of service.

Procedures, such as air traffic delays due to the arrival or departureof presidential aircraft.

19


NOTAM D (con't):

A typical NOTAM D is formatted in the following manner:

("ABC" and "XYZ" are example identifiers)

!ABC 07/ 003 XYZ NAV VOR OTS WEF 0407141200-0407162000

Translated: The Eckswhyzee VOR is out of service beginning 1200GMT on July 14, 2004 until 2000 GMT on July 16, 2004.

Broken down into its individual components:

! is the ADP Code*. The national NOTAM computer needs thissymbol to process the NOTAM. (*ADP = Automatic DataProcessing).

ABC is the identifier of the accountability location, which is usedby the NOTAM system computer to keep track of NOTAM numbering.

07/003 - The 07 represents the month the NOTAM is issued; e.g.07 is July. The 003 indicates that this is the third NOTAM issuedunder the ABC accountability location for the month of July.

So far, the "!" symbol, the "ABC", and the "07/003" listed in theNOTAM are for the national NOTAM computer's needs. Theinformation listed below, and what follows is the "meat" of the NOTAMthat you must read and understand.

XYZ is the identifier of the affected facility or location.

NAV is the NOTAM keyword indicating “Navigation Aids”

VOR is, in this example, the affected facility.

OTS is, in this example, the condition of the affected facility.

WEF 0407141200-0407162000 is the effective time of theabnormal condition of the affected facility or location. WEF is theacronym for effective from (or with effect from).

20


All NOTAMs D text begins with the keywords, RWY, TWY,APRON, AD, OBST, NAV, COM, SVC, AIRSPACE, O.

FDC NOTAM keywords include: ODP, SID, STAR, CHART,DATA, IAP, VFP, ROUTE, and SPECIAL. See the NOTAMContractionspages for decoding the keywords.

RWY = Runway, example: !XYZ 02/004 XYZ RWY 5 REIL OTS

TWY = Taxiway, example: !XYZ 07/003 XYZ TWY A CLSD

APRON = Apron, example: !XYZ 12/016 XYZ APRON CLSD

AD = Aerodrome, includes airport, heliport, helipads, andmaneuvering areas - on or within 5 SM of an aerodrome and notcovered under RWY, TWY, RAMP, APRON, OBST, NAV, COM, ORAIRSPACE, example: !XYZ 04/002 XYZ AD CLSD PERM

OBST = Obstruction, including obstruction lighting outages.Example: !XYZ 08/005 XYZ OBST TOWER 580 (420 AGL) 5 NELGTS OTS (ASR 1068993) TIL 0802091500

NAV = Navigation Aids, example: !XYZ 04/006 XYZ NAV VOR OTS

COM = Communications, example: !XYZ 01/003 XYZ COM RCOOTS

SVC = Services, example: !XYZ 12/006 XYZ SVC RVR OTS

AIRSPACE = Airspace, example: !XYZ 02/003 XYZ AIRSPACE PJE2 NMR XYZ270010 5000/BLW WEF 0702141200-0702141300

U = Unverified is not a keyword. It precedes a keyword concerninginformation that meets NOTAM criteria, but is not confirmed by airportmanagement. Example: !XYZ 05/008 XYZ U RWY DISABLED ACFT

O = Other Aeronautical Information, indicates information that isbeneficial to aircraft operations, but does not meet NOTAM criteria.Example: !XYZ 03/004 XYZ O CONTROLLED BURN OF BARN 7SWAPCH END RWY 27 WEF 08031200-08031600

21


NOTAMs L - Changed to NOTAMs D effective Jan 28,2008

Some examples of former NOTAM L contractions include:

PAEW - Personnel and Equipment Working

Contraction Discontinued 10/20/11

TWY/TY - Taxiway/s

TWY LGTS - Taxiway lights

VASI - Visual Approach Slope Indicator

PAPI - Precision Approach Path Indicator

RENL - Runway End Identifier Lights

THR LGTS - Threshold Lights

These contractions remain valid for NOTAM D usage, now issuedin NOTAM D format.

Below, are some examples of these contractions in D NOTAMs:

! XYZ 01/008 XYZ TWY B CLSD

Translated: At the Eckswhyzee Airport, Taxiway (TWY) Bravo (B) isclosed.

!XYZ 11/007 XYZ RWY 24 RENL OTS

Translated: At the Eckswhyzee Airport, the runway end identifierlights (RENL) for runway 24 are out of service (OTS)

As a result of this changeover, former Local NOTAMs are nowavailable for pilots to access during a DUAT or DUATS self weatherbriefing.

22


FDC NOTAMs:

An FDC NOTAM pertains to flight information that is normallyregulatory in nature that includes the following:

Interim IFR flight procedures, either temporary (FI/T)or permanent (FI/P), such as:

1. Route structure changes.

2. Instrument flight procedure changes such as SIDs, STARs, and ODPs (Obstacle Departure Procedures).

3. Airspace changes in general.

Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs), such as:

1. Closed or restricted airspace due to security concerns.

2. Disaster areas.

3. Special events generating a high degree of interest.

4. Hijacking.

Flight restrictions in the proximity of the President and other parties.

Certain airport condition changes.

Snow conditions affecting glide slope operation.

Air defense emergencies.

Emergency flight rules.

Substitute airway routes.

Special data.

U.S. Government charting corrections.

Laser light activity.

FDC NOTAMs are numbered consecutively beginning with 0001each year. The year of issuance and the serial number are separatedby a slant.

Example: FDC 8/0342

Translated: The 342nd FDC NOTAM issued in year 2008.

FDC NOTAM keywords include: ODP, SID, STAR, CHART, DATA,IAP, VFP, ROUTE, and SPECIAL.

23


Military NOTAMs:

Though not officially approved by the FAA, military NOTAMs maybe accessed from the Web site URL www.flysouth.org/notams.htm.A weather briefer from flight service can also retrieve militaryNOTAMs for pilots upon request.

International NOTAMs:

International NOTAMs my be retrieved from DUATS vendors asone of the vendor's available options.

Pointer NOTAMs

A Pointer NOTAM highlights or points out another NOTAM, suchas an FDC NOTAM concerning a security related temporary flightrestriction (TFR) or presidential movement, or a NOTAM D, such as aparachute jump NOTAM.

The purpose of a Pointer NOTAM is to assist pilots in crossreferencing important information that may not be found under anairport or NAVAID identifier. Pointer NOTAMs are preceded with thekeyword “AIRSPACE.“

Example: !XYZ 07/004 XYZ AIRSPACE TMPA SEE NTAP RSVNRQRD WEF 0407051200-0407052200

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport has a Traffic ManagementProgram Alert (TMPA) in effect. See the Notice to Airmen Publication(NTAP). A reservation is required (RSVN RQRD) (typically for aircraftoperating under instrument flight rules - but not always) effective from1200 GMT on July 5, 2004 through 2200 GMT on July 5, 2004.

Something very important is affecting XYZ. The above PointerNOTAM is advising the pilot to locate and read the Notice to AirmenPublication to see how this may affect the pilot's flight.

The word "SEE" in the Pointer NOTAM is a red flag to look for thereferenced NOTAM. The information provided by the referencedNOTAM is critical to flight safety or national security.

24

Notices to Airmen Publication(NTAP)

The NTAP is published every four weeks.

Data is listed in this 8-1/2" X 11" X 3/4" publication to reducecongestion on the telecommunications circuits that transmit weatherreports & forecasts, and NOTAMs. Once data is published in theNTAP, it is not provided during a pilot weather briefing unlessspecifically requested by the pilot.

The NTAP contains two sections:

Section one consists of notices that meet the criteria for aNOTAM D but are expected to remain in effect for an extended periodof time. Section one also contains current FDC NOTAMs.Occasionally, some unique information is included in this sectionwhen it contributes to flight safety.

Section two contains special notices that are either too long orconcern a wide or unspecified geographic area and are not suitablefor inclusion in the first section. Examples of some of the data in thissection that serves to enhance flight safety include:

Traffic management program alerts (TMPAs).Sporting events.Graphical TFRs (Temporary Flight Restrictions).Air shows.Major fly-in’s and other events with arrival & departure

procedures, such as:

The AOPA Fly-in. Oshkosh. The Indy 500 The Super Bowl

The NTAP can be viewed by accessing the Web site URLhttp://www.faa.gov/airports_airtraffic/air_traffic/publications/notices/FDC NOTAMs are published here. The NTAP is sometimes referredto as the CLASS 2 NOTAMs book by some pilots & weather briefers.

25

Terms Used in NOTAMs

Contractions and abbreviations used in the NOTAM system arecontained in:

1. FAA Order 7930.2 - NOTICES TO AIRMEN and FAA NOTICE N JO 7930.85

These are the "Bibles" used by flight service that explains in detail how NOTAMs must be formatted.

2. Pilot/Controller Glossary.

3. FAA Order 7350.x - Location Identifiers

And:

The virgule " / " is used in NOTAM text to indicate "and".

Example: 18/36 CLSD

Translated: Runway 18 and runway 36 are closed.

Altitude and Height:

Altitude and height in NOTAMs are in feet MSL (mean sea level)up to 17,999 feet.

Example: 350, 1875

Translated: 350 feet MSL, 1875 feet MSL.

Note: "Feet" and "MSL" are not written into a NOTAM. However,tower light outage NOTAMs will be listed in both MSL and AGL(above ground level) heights. AGL will be indicated.

Example: !XYZ 02/004 XYZ OBST TOWER 1025 (365 AGL)XYZ230015 LGTS OTS TIL 0402121845 (ASR 1059795)

In the flight levels for 18,000 feet and above, FL is used toindicate altitude; e.g. FL180 (flight level 180), FL430 (flight level 430).

26


Days of the Week:

The term WKDAYS means Monday through Friday.

The term WKND means Saturday and Sunday.

The term DLY means daily, which indicates an event will occur at the same time during a succession of days.

Example: !ABC 07/012 XYZ AD CLSD 1200-2000 DLY WEF0407151200-0407182000

Translated: The Eckswhyzee airport is closed from 1200 GMT to2000 GMT daily (DLY) beginning July 15 at 1200 GMT, 2004 untilJuly 18 at 2000 GMT, 2004.

Sunrise and Sunset:

The terms SR (sunrise) and SS (sunset) are NOT used in theNOTAM system. The times for sunrise and sunset are determined bythe sunrise and sunset tables maintained by the National WeatherService (NWS). Flight service stations use these sunrise/sunsettables for their local area to determine times used in issuingNOTAMs.

Runway Designations:

Runways are identified by magnetic bearing; e.g. 9/27, or36/18, etc. If no magnetic bearing has been established, runways areidentified by the nearest eight points of the compass; e.g. NE/SW,N/S, etc.

27


Expression of Time:

The NOTAM day begins at 0000 and ends at 2359.

Times are in Universal Coordinated Time (UTC), sometimes referred to as "ZULU" time, or Greenwich Mean Time (GMT).

Times will be preceded by the acronyms WEF or TIL.

WEF means with effect from or effective from, which indicates the date and time a condition will exist or begin.

"Til" means until, which indicates the date and time a conditionwill terminate or end.

NOTAMs typically will have an expected date and time of return toservice or return to normal status.

Absence of TIL indicates the condition or abnormal status willcontinue until further notice.

Times are stated in ten digits representing the:

Year Month Day Hour Minute

Example: !ABC 04/008 XYZ NAV VOR OTS TIL 0405161830

Year 04 Month 05 Day 16 Hour 18 Minute 30

Translated: The Eckswhyzee VOR is out of service until 1830 GMTon MAY 16, 2004.

The WEF acronym is especially helpful when examining brakingaction and snow, ice, slush & water NOTAMs to determine when acondition was reported.

28


PLUS SEE:

If a NOTAM contains "PLUS SEE", followed by the title of apublication, you should refer to the defined publication to determinewhat other abnormal information is published.

Example:

!ABC 04/012 XYZ NAV VOR UNUSBL 090-120 BYD 20 BLW 6000PLUS SEE AFD

Translated: The Eckswhyzee VOR is unusable from the 090 degreeradial to the 120 degree radial when beyond twenty miles and belowsix-thousand feet MSL. PLUS SEE the Airport Facility Directory(AFD).

Note: When referring to the AFD, the published data would, mostlikely, indicate other sectors of Eckswhyzee VOR radials that havebeen unusable for an extended period of time.

Note: The term "UNUSBL", in referring to sectors of a VOR,means unusable for flight under instrument flight rules. If you tuneand identify the VOR, you may find the signal reliable within theseunusable sectors - even though the signal is not considered reliableaccording to FAA standards. More than likely, FAA Flight Checkaircraft made a determination that the affected sectors were not withinacceptable tolerance to be considered reliable. If you navigate withyour VOR receiver within these unusable sectors, when flying VFR,be sure to use a back-up form of navigation.

29

Movement Area NOTAMs

Typical contractions related to movement area NOTAMs include:

ACCUM - accumulation

ACR - air carrier

AD - aerodrome / airport

AP - airport (replaced by

“AD” on 1-28-08)

ASPH - asphalt/tar/macadam

AVBL - available

C - center

CLSD - closed

CONC - concrete

DIRT - dirt

DLY - daily

DSPLCD - displaced

EXC - except

FICON - field condition

GRVL - gravel

JET - jet (aircraft)

L - left

LDG - landing

LGTD - lighted

MIN - minute(s)

NONSTD - non-standard

OVR - over

PARL - parallel

PERM - permanently

PLA - practice low approach

PPR - prior permission required

R - right

SKI - ski (equipped aircraft)

SKED ACR - scheduled air carrier

SOD - sod

TGL - touch and go landing

THR - threshold

TKOF - take-off

TSNT - transient

Snow, ice, slush, & water conditions and their associatedcontractions are listed on page 37 in this section.

30


Commissioning or Decommissioning of a Movement Area orPortions Thereof:

!ABC 04/002 XYZ RWY 18/36 CMSND 4500X75 ASPH/LGTD

Translated: Eckswhyzee airport runway 18 and 36 is commissioned(CMSND), runway length is 4500 feet, runway width 75 is feet, therunway has an asphalt surface (ASPH), and the runway is lighted(LGTD).

********************

!ABC 11/005 XYZ RWY 9/27 CLSD PERM

Translated: Eckswhyzee airport runway 9 and 27 is closed (CLSD)permanently (PERM).

********************

!ABC 09/004 XYZ AD CLSD PERM

Translated: Eckswhyzee airport (AD) is closed (CLSD) permanently(PERM).

********************

!ABC 01/003 XYZ AD HELI DCMSND

Translated: Eckswhyzee heliport (HELI) (not helipad) isdecommissioned (DCMSND).

Note: "HELI" pertains to heliports listed in the Airport/FacilityDirectory (AFD), not helipads. Helipads are located on airports,designated by the appropriate symbols, and are not NOTAM material.

Movement Area Closures and Openings:

!XYZ 12/016 XYZ AD CLSD

Translated: The Eckswhyzee airport (AD) is closed (CLSD).

31


Movement Area Closures and Openings (con't):

!ABC 09/006 XYZ AD CLSD TSNT

Translated: The Eckswhyzee airport (AD) is closed (CLSD) totransient (TSNT) aircraft.

********************

!XYZ 07/008 XYZ AD CLSD EXC SKED ACR WEF 0407211200-0407212000

Translated: The Eckswhyzee airport (AD) is closed (CLSD) except(EXC) to scheduled (SKED) air carrier (ACR) aircraft effective from1200 GMT on July 21, 2004 until 2000 GMT on July 21, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 09/021 XYZ AD CLSD EXC PPR 0400-1200 MON-FRI

Translated: The Eckswhyzee airport (AD) is closed (CLSD) except(EXC) with prior permission required (PPR) from 0400 GMT through1200 GMT, Mondays through Fridays (MON-FRI).

Note: PPR, prior permission required, may sometimes be followedby a frequency or telephone number pilots are required to use toobtain prior permission. If no frequency or telephone number is notedin the NOTAM, refer to sources such as the Airport/Facility Directory,AOPA's Airport Directory, or other commercial resources. Flightservice can also help you locate an appropriate telephone number orother listed contact source.

********************

!ABC 11/006 XYZ AD OPEN

Translated: The Eckswhyzee airport (AD) was/is published in theAirport/Facility Directory as being closed. It is now open.

32


Movement Area Closures and Openings (con't):

!ABC 05/002 XYZ AD NOW PRIVATE

Translated: The Eckswhyzee airport (AD) is now closed to the publicand is no longer a public-use airport.

Conditions That Restrict or Preclude the Use of Any Portion of aRunway or a Waterway:

!ABC 10/013 XYZ RWY 25 FIRST 500 CLSD

Translated: The first 500 feet of runway 25 (25 FIRST 500) atEckswhyzee Airport is closed (CLSD) for both takeoff and landing.Runway 7 is not affected.

********************

!ABC 09/024 XYZ RWY 9/27 W 1000 CLSD

Translated: Both runways 9 and 27 are affected at the EckswhyzeeAirport. The west 1000 feet of runway 9 is closed. The west 1000feet of runway 27 is closed.

********************

!ABC 04/002 XYZ RWY 15 CLSD

Translated: Runway 15 at Eckswhyzee Airport is closed. Runway 33is not affected.

********************

!ABC 11/008 XYZ RWY 18 THR DSPLCD 500 NONSTD MARKING

Translated: The first 500 feet of runway 18 is closed to landingaircraft at the Eckswhyzee Airport. Aircraft departing on runway 18or landing or departing runway 36 may use the full length. Thethreshold displacement is marked by nonstandard markings.

33


Conditions that Restrict or Preclude the Use of Any Portion of aRunway or a Waterway (con't):

!ABC 10/004 XYZ RWY 18/36 CLSD OVR 12000

Translated: Both runways 18 and 36 at the Eckswhyzee Airport areclosed (CLSD) to all aircraft weighing more than 12,000 pounds (OVR12000).

********************

!ABC 11/003 XYZ RWY 2/20 CLSD TGL

Translated: Both runways 2 and 20 are closed to touch and golanding (CLSD TGL) at the Eckswhyzee Airport.Other aircraft operations you may see in a NOTAM include:

STUDENT - Student pilots:

!ABC 11/003 XYZ RWY 2/20 CLSD STUDENT

********************

TSNT - Transient aircraft:

!ABC 11/003 XYZ RWY 2/20 CLSD TSNT

********************

LDG - Landings:

!ABC 11/003 XYZ RWY 2/20 CLSD LNDG

********************

TKOF - Takeoffs:

!ABC 11/003 XYZ RWY 2/20 CLSD TKOF

34


Conditions that Restrict or Preclude the Use of Any Portion of arunway or a Waterway (con't):

Here's a tough one:

!ABC 01/001 XYZ RWY 12/30 CLSD/PARL TWY 3000X75 AVBLDAY VMC/NO TSNT/NO PLA/NO STUDENT

We'll break it down:

At the Eckswhyzee Airport:

Runway 12 and runway 30 are both closed (12/30 CLSD).

The parallel taxiway measuring 3,000 feet long by 75 feet wide is available during daylight hours in visual meteorological conditions (PARL TWY 3000X75 AVBL DAY VMC).

No transient aircraft (NO TSNT).

No practice low approaches (NO PLA).

No student pilots (NO STUDENT).

35


Right, Left, and Center:

Parallel runways at larger airports are designated with theirnumber followed by the letter "R" or "L" or "C". These are "Right","Left", and "Center", respectively.

Example:

!XYZ 06/004 XYZ RWY 10C CLSD TIL 0406111900

Translated: Runway 10 center (10C) at the Eckswhyzee Airport isclosed (CLSD) until (TIL) 1900 GMT on June 11, 2004.

Change of Runway Identification:

Though rare, runway designations are sometimes changed due tothe magnetic effects of the earth.

Example:

!XYZ 08/002 XYZ RWY 17/35 NOW RWY 18/36

Translated: Runways 17 and 35 at the Eckswhyzee Airport are nowdesignated runways 18 and 36.

Rubber Accumulation on the Runways:

Rubber accumulation from the tires of landing aircraft can makerunways slippery.

Example:

!XYZ 09/002 XYZ RWY 16L/34R RUBBER ACCUM NW 1500

Translated: Runways 16 left (16L) and 34 right (34R) at theEckswhyzee Airport have a rubber accumulation (RUBBER ACCUM)on the northwest 1,500 feet (NW 500).

36


Snow, Ice, Slush, and Water Conditions:

Typical NOTAM contractions for these conditions include:

AD - aerodrome / airport

APRON – apron

BERM - snowbank(s) containing earth/gravel

CLSD - closed

DRFT - snowbank(s) caused by wind action

(sometimes called windrows)

FRZN - frozen

FICON - field condition

IN - inch, inches

IR - ice on runway(s)

LSR - loose snow on runway(s)

MUD - mud

PLW - plow, plowed

PSR - packed or compacted snow on runway(s)

PTCHY - patchy

RAMP - ramp

RMNDR - remainder

RUF - rough

RWY - runway

SA - sand, sanded

SIR - packed or compacted snow and

ice on runway(s)

SLD - solid

SLR - slush on runway(s)

SN - snow

SNBNK - snowbank(s) caused by plowing

SWEPT - swept or broom(ed)

THN - thin

TWY - taxiway(s)

WSR - wet snow on runway(s)

WTR - water on runway(s)

FICON note: Effective November 14, 2011, FICON (field condition) is used

to aid pilots and dispatchers to more easily recognize and sort NOTAMs

with reported field conditions to improve operational safety.

37


Snow, Ice, Slush, and Water Conditions (con't):

Measurement (Depth):

The term BARE is not used in NOTAMs in describing a runwaycondition after is has been plowed, or otherwise cleared by sweepingor deicing, during or after a snowstorm.

Depth measurements of snow and sometimes slush, ice, or waterare expressed as:

Thin (THN) - less than 1/4 inch

1/4 inch (1/4 IN)

1/2 (1/2 IN)

1 (1 IN)

When 1 INCH is reached, additional depths are in multiples of oneinch with no fractions; e.g. 1 IN, 2 IN, 3 IN.

When variable depths of snow cover are reported, such as 3 to 4IN, the greater depth is reported; e.g. 4 IN.

When a snow depth over 35 inches (35 IN) is reached, additionaldepths are reported in multiples of FEET.

If a snow depth report is halfway between two reportable values ofFEET, the reported depth in the NOTAM is rounded off to the nexthigher foot; e.g. A measured depth of 3 feet 6 inches would be issuedin a NOTAM as 4 FEET.

38



Coverage:

A surface is either completely covered with snow, ice, water, orslush, or it has less than full coverage and is reported as patchy(PTCHY). Patchy conditions mean coverage of 25 percent, or less."PTCHY" will not indicate the location, size, or extent of coverage ofsnow, ice, water, or slush partially covering the runway.

If the term PTCHY is not reported in a NOTAM, the entire surfaceof a runway, taxiway, ramp, etc. is totally covered with snow, ice,slush, or water.

Conditions:

Conditions that affect movement areas include:

Snow Ice Snow and Ice Slush Water Drifting or Drifted Snow Plowing or Sweeping of Snow, Ice, or Slush Sanding and/or Deicing of Snow, Ice, or Slush Snowbanks Mud, Frost, Frost Heave, Cracks, Ruts, Soft Edges

FICON (field condition):

Field condition (FICON) NOTAMs are used to report surfacecontaminants on:

Runways (RWY) Taxiways (TWY or TY) Aprons/Ramps

FICON is not used in association with the contraction AD(aerodrome).

39



Snow:

A high volume of airport condition reports are repeatedlyforwarded to flight service stations by airport management duringsnow events. As a result of flight service being overwhelmed bythese airport condition reports, snow NOTAMs don't always report thetrue conditions at a given airport during snow events - particularlyduring major snowstorms. NOTAMs may not be issued in a timelymanner due to the backlog of NOTAMs yet to be issued. Additionally,snow may be accumulating at a faster rate than current NOTAMsindicate. And when snow NOTAMs are reviewed by a pilot prior todeparture, the snow depth may be quite different at arrival time eitherdue to more accumulation of snow, or due to plowing of the runway.Also, runways or airports may close during snowstorms while the pilotis en route.

A nice feature of runway condition reports during inclementweather is the WEF (date/time group) which indicates when the snow,ice, slush, or water condition was reported. If this "effective from"(WEF) time is days old, a telephone call directly to airportmanagement may prove helpful in determining updated conditions atyour destination airport.

After a major snowstorm has passed, and throughout the wintermonths, airport management typically reports surface conditions toflight service in the early morning hours. These NOTAMs are usuallyaccurate in describing runway and other movement area conditions.

If there is no reference to any runway(s) in a snow, ice, slush, orwater NOTAM, all airport surfaces are covered.

Example:

!XYZ 12/018 XYZ AD 8 IN SN

Translated: The entire airport (AD) is covered with 8 inches (8 IN) ofundefined snow (SN).

40


Snow (con't):

!ABC 02/009 XYZ RWY 18/36 FICON 14 IN LSR WEF 0402231430

Translated: Runway 18 and 36 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with 14 inches of loose snow on the runway (LSR)effective from 1430 GMT on February 23, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 03/002 XYZ RWY 9/27 FICON THN PSR WEF 0403161200

Translated: Runway 9 and 27 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with a thin (THN) layer (less than 1/4 inch) ofpacked or compacted snow (PSR) effective from 1200 GMT on March16, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 12/004 XYZ RWY 2/20 FICON PTCHY THN WSR WEF0412101400

Translated: Runway 2 and 20 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport has 25% or less of the surface (PTCHY) covered by a thin(THN) layer of wet snow (WSR) (not slush), effective from 1400 GMTon December 10, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 11/005 XYZ RWY 6/24 FICON 1/2 IN SN WEF 0411291600

Translated: Runway 6 and 24 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with 1/2 inch (1/2 IN) of undefined snow (SN)effective from 1600 GMT on November 29, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 03/002 XYZ TWY B FICON THN PSR WEF 0403161200

Translated: Taxiway B field condition at the Eckswhyzee Airport iscovered with a thin (THN) layer (less than 1/4 inch) of packed orcompacted snow (PSR) effective from 1200 GMT on March 16, 2004.

41


Snow (con't):

!XYZ 04/003 XYZ RWY 7/25 FICON THN LSR OVR 2 IN PSR WEF0404021800

Translated: Runway 7 and 25 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with thin (THN) loose snow (LSR) over 2 inches (2IN) packed or compacted snow (PSR) effective from 1800 GMT onApril 2, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 02/004 XYZ RWY 11/29 FICON 3 IN RUF FRZN SN WEF0402112300

Translated: Runway 11 and 29 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with 3 inches (3 IN) of rough (RUF) frozen (FRZN)snow (SN) effective from 2300 GMT on February 11, 2004.

Ice:

!XYZ 12/004 XYZ RWY 9/27 FICON THN IR WEF 0412231100

Translated: Runway 9 and 27 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with a thin (THN) (less than 1/4 inch) layer ofsmooth ice or ice pellets effective from 1100 GMT on December 23,2004.

********************

!XYZ 03/012 XYZ RWY 17/35 FICON 1/2 IN RUF IR WEF0403061400

Translated: Runway 17 and 35 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with a 1/2 inch (IN) layer of rough ice (RUF IR) (orfrozen slush) effective from 1400 GMT on March 6, 2004.

42


Ice (con't):

!XYZ 11/003 XYZ RWY 10/28 FICON 4 IN WSR OVR 1 IN RUF IRWEF 0411231700

Translated: Runway 10 and 28 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with 4 inches (4 IN) of wet snow (WSR) over (OVR)1 inch (1 IN) of rough ice (RUF IR) (or frozen slush) effective from1700 GMT on November 23, 2004.

Snow and Ice:

!XYZ 04/002 XYZ RWY 7/25 FICON 4 IN SIR WEF 0404111000

Translated: Runway 7 and 25 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with 4 inches (4 IN) of packed or compacted snowand ice (SIR) effective from 1000 GMT on April 11, 2004.

Slush:

!XYZ 01/014 XYZ RWY 17/35 FICON 2 IN SLR WEF 0401221900

Translated: Runway 17 and 35 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with 2 inches (2 IN) of slush (SLR) (not wet snow)effective from 1900 GMT on January 22, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 03/005 XYZ RWY 2/20 FICON 1/2 IN FRZN SLR WEF0403121300

Translated: Runway 2 and 20 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with 1/2 inch (1/2 IN) of frozen slush (FRZN SLR)effective from 1300 GMT on March 12, 2004.

Note: FRZN SLR (frozen slush on the runway) may also bedescribed as RUF IR (rough ice on the runway) in a NOTAM.

43


Drifting or Drifted Snow:

DRFT (Snowbank/s caused by wind action) is used to describeone or more snowdrifts. When snowdrifts are variable in depth, thegreater depth is reported in the NOTAM. Snowdrifts are sometimesreferred to as windrows, however, the term DRFT will always be thecontraction used in the NOTAM.

!XYZ 02/003 XYZ AD 5 IN LSR 12 IN DRFT WEF 0402142300

Translated: 5 inches of loose snow (5 IN LSR) and 12 inchsnowbank/s caused by wind action (snowdrifts or windrows) (12 INDRFT) prevail throughout the airport (AD) surface at the EckswhyzeeAirport effective from 2300 GMT on February 14, 2004.

Note: There is no reference to any runway(s) indicating all airportsurfaces are covered.

Note: FICON is not used with the contraction AD (aerodrome).

********************

!XYZ 03/001 XYZ RWY 8/26 FICON 4 IN LSR 14 IN DRFT WEF0403071900

Translated: Runway 8 and 26 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport are covered with 4 inches of loose snow (4 IN LSR) and 14inch snowbank/s caused by wind action (snowdrifts or windrows) (14IN DRFT) effective from 1900 GMT on March 7, 2004.

44


Plowed or Swept:

One of the more perplexing aspects about snow NOTAMs is that ifa runway is completely plowed or swept, no NOTAM will be issued toindicate this fact since there are no limitations to the runway. Theterms PLW/SWEPT are used to indicate that a portion of a runway orother movement area has been plowed or swept. The plowed orswept portion is then either bare or has some snow, ice or slushdepth or coverage, as reported in the NOTAM. The surrounding areaof the runway or other movement area will have conditions differentthan the plowed or swept portion. The surrounding area will then bedescribed as the remainder (RMNDR). This information will beincluded in the NOTAM after the plowed or swept information.

The term BARE is not used in NOTAMs.

Examples:

!XYZ 12/006 XYZ RWY 9/27 FICON PLW 80 WIDE RMNDR 1 IN SIRWEF 0412171400

Translated: Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 9/27 is wider than 80 feet.The field condition for the area inside the center 80 feet is plowed(PLW 80 WIDE) and is bare. The 1 inch of packed or compactedsnow and ice (1 IN SIR) is outside the plowed area effective from1400 GMT on December 17, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 03/005 XYZ RWY 6/24 FICON PTCHY THN PSR SWEPT WEF0403051600

Translated: Runway 6 and 24 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport has 25% or less of the surface (PTCHY) covered by thinpacked snow (THN PSR) even though it has been swept (SWEPT)effective from 1600 GMT on March 5, 2004.

45

Owner


Sanding and Deicing:

!XYZ 02/004 XYZ RWY 2/20 FICON 1/4 IN IR SA WEF 0402241300

Translated: Runway 2 and 20 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with 1/4 inch (1/4 IN) of ice (IR) and the entirerunway has been sanded effective from 1300 GMT on February 24,2004.

********************

!XYZ 11/008 XYZ RWY 8/26 FICON THN SIR SA 80 WIDE RMNDRBA POOR WEF 0411271900

Translated: Runway 8 and 26 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with thin snow and ice (THN SIR) (less than 1/4inch). Less than the full width of the runway (80 feet) is sanded (SA80 WIDE). The remainder of the runway has a braking action of poor(BA POOR) effective from 1900 GMT on November 27, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 12/002 XYZ RWY 1/19 FICON DEICED SOLID WEF0412101400

Translated: Runway 1 and 19 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport has had solid deicing material applied (DEICED SOLID)effective from 1400 GMT on December 10, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 02/007 XYZ RWY 15/33 FICON DEICED LIQUID WEF0402261100

Translated: Runway 15 and 33 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport has had liquid deicing material applied (DEICED LIQUID)effective from 1100 GMT on February 26, 2004.

Note: The type of deicing material (solid or liquid) may haveoperational significance to pilots operating certain aircraft and is,therefore, always listed in deicing NOTAMs for their information.

46


Snowbanks:

!XYZ 03/002 XYZ RWY 7/25 FICON 4 IN LSR 24 IN SNBNK WEF0403221600

Translated: Runway 7 and 25 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is covered with 4 inches of loose snow (4 IN LSR). A 24 inchsnowbank (24 IN SNBNK) is at the edge of the runway effective from1600 GMT on March 22, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 12/005 XYZ RWY 2/20 FICON 1/2 IN PSR PLW 80 WIDE 12 INSNBNK WEF 0412031100

Translated: Runway 2 and 20 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is wider than 80 feet. The area inside the center 80 feet isplowed (PLW 80 WIDE). The plowed area is covered with 1/2 inch ofpacked or compacted snow (1/2 IN PSR). A 12 inch snowbank (12 INSNBNK) is at the edge of the plowed area effective from 1100 GMTon December 3, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 01/007 XYZ RWY 15/33 FICON 3 IN LSR PLW 100 WIDE 14 INBERM WEF 0401141800

Translated: Runway 15 and 33 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is wider than 100 feet. The area inside the center 100 feet isplowed (PLW 100 WIDE). The plowed area is covered with 3 inchesof loose snow (3 IN LSR). A 14 inch berm (14 IN BERM) is at theedge of the plowed area effective from 1800 GMT on January 14,2004.

Reminder: A BERM is a snowbank containing earth and/or gravel.

Note: It is assumed a snowbank exists at the edge of a plowed orswept area or the edge of a runway, taxiway, or other movement areaeven though it's depth may not be reported in a NOTAM.

47


Work in Progress:

NOTAMs associated with work in progress on or adjacent to arunway, apron/ramp, or aerodrome begin with the keywords:

RWY, TWY, APRON, or AD.

The keyword will be followed by the six elements below, in the orderlisted, from left to right:

1. The surface designator, examples: RWY 20, RWY 2/20, TWY B.

2. A surface segment description will be specified in feet or from aspecific point to other point, for example:

BTN TWA B AND TWY C, or APCH END TO TWY E.

3. The phrase WORK IN PROGRESS, then follows the surfacesegment description.

4. The reason or purpose for the work in progress then follows.

The NOTAM originator may, as an option, describe the work areain plain language text after the reason by specifying the area bycardinal direction in relationship to the work area, by intersection,or distance from an intersection.

5. Schedule, if needed, for example:

DAILY 1300-1900, or DAILY SR-SS.

6. Start/stop times, as needed, as in these two examples:

1110261200-1110262000 TIL1110281500

Example NOTAM:

!XYZ 10/003 XYZ APRON FEDEX FEEDER RAMP WORK INPROGRESS RESURFACING EAST HALF TIL 1110231900

See the next page for more example NOTAMs.

48


Work in Progress (con’t):

A work in progress NOTAM contains these six elements in this order:

1. Surface designator; 2. Surface segment description; 3. WORK INPROGRESS; 4. Reason or purpose; 5. Schedule; 6. Start/Stop times.

More Example NOTAMs:

!XYZ 12/004 XYZ RWY 1/19 WORK IN PROGRESS MOWINGEAST SIDE OF RWY 1112081400-1112081900

!XYZ 12/007 XYZ RWY 2/20 WORK IN PROGRESS MAINTENANCEVEHICLES WEST SIDE OF RWY DAILY TIL 1112062000

!XYZ 12/009 XYZ RWY 8/26 WORK IN PROGRESS RWY LIGHTREPLACEMENT SOUTH SIDE OF RWY TIL 1112071900

SNOW AND ICE REMOVAL

Any NOTAM associated with snow or ice removal is described as“WORK IN PROGRESS plus the reason: “SNOW REMOVAL” or“ICE REMOVAL.”

Note: Airport operators must ensure that snow and ice removalNOTAMs remain active only when actual snow and ice removaloperations are taking place.

Example: NOTAMs:

!XYZ 11/006 XYZ 9/27 WORK IN PROGRESS SNOW REMOVAL

!XYZ 12/008 XYZ ALL SURFACES WORK IN PROGRESS SNOWREMOVAL

!XYZ 12009 XYZ RWY 10/28 WORK IN PROGRESS SNOWREMOVAL

48-A

IntentionallyLeft

Blank


Braking Action Reports:

Braking action report NOTAMs are issued during winter snow and iceconditions.

Braking action describes the condition for the full length of a runway,and is reported as FAIR, POOR, or NIL.

The most critical braking action is reported in a NOTAM. Forexample, if a runway braking action is reported as FAIR to POOR, theNOTAM issued will describe the braking action as POOR.

Examples:

!XYZ 03/010 XYZ RWY 9/27 BA FAIR WEF0403021600

Translated: Runway 9 and 27 at the Eckswhyzee Airport has a brakingaction of fair (BA FAIR) (slippery) effective from 1600 GMT on March 2,2004.

********************

!ABC 04/015 XYZ RWY 2/20 BA POOR WEF 0404012300

Translated: Runway 2 and 20 at the Eckswhyzee Airport has a brakingaction of poor (BA POOR) (very slippery) effective from 2300 GMT onApril 1, 2004.

********************

!ABC 11/012 XYZ RWY 7/25 BA NIL 0411280500

Translated: Runway 7 and 25 at the Eckswhyzee Airport has a brakingaction of nil (BA NIL) (extremely slippery) effective from 0500 GMT onNovember 28, 2004.

Note: A braking action report given by a pilot of a landing aircraft willbe issued as a PIREP (pilot weather report) by flight service.

49


Runway Friction Measurement:

Runway friction measurement quantifies the slipperiness ofpavement surfaces.

The Greek letter MU (pronounced “myew"), is used to designate afriction value representing runway surface conditions.

A MU value of 40 or less is the level when aircraft brakingperformance starts to deteriorate and directional control begins to beless responsive. The lower the MU value, the less effective brakingperformance becomes and the more difficult directional controlbecomes.

Runway friction measurement reports are typically used by theairlines and other users knowledgeable of the readings who cancalculate their effect on aircraft braking. These pilots use MUinformation with other data including aircraft type and performance,weight, previous experience, wind conditions, and aircraft tire type(bias ply vs. radial) to determine runway suitability.

Readings are issued in thirds of a runway for the landing runwayonly, e.g., a MU reading is given for runway 18 and/or runway 36, notrunway 18/36.

The examples that follow show that some segment values may beabove the value of 40 and still be contained in the NOTAM.

A MU reading NOTAM will not be issued if all readings are abovethe value 40. If a NOTAM was previously issued and all of thesubsequent readings go above 40, the previous NOTAM will becancelled.

No correlation has been established between MU values and thedescriptive terms "good", "poor", and "nil" used in braking actionreports. Simply stated, the lower the number, the more slipperythe runway condition.

50


Runway Friction Measurement (con't):

The following defined abbreviations indicate the various types ofFAA approved friction measurement devices used in making runwayfriction measurements:

BOW - Bowmonk Decelerometer (Bowmonk Sales) BRD - Brakementer-Dynometer

ERD - Electronic Recording Decelerometer (Bowmonk)

GRT - Griptester (Findlay, Irvine, LTD)

MUM - Mark 4 Mu Meter (Bison Instruments, Inc.)

RFT - Runway friction tester (K.J. LAW Engineers)

SFH - Surface friction tester (high pressure tire)

(SAAB), Airport Surface Friction Tester AB)

SFL - Surface friction tester (low pressure tire)

(SAAB), Airport Surface Friction Tester AB)

SKH - Skiddometer (high pressure tire)(AEC,

Airport Equipment Co.)

SKL - Skiddometer (low pressure tire) (AEC,

Airport Equipment Co.)

VER - Vericom (VC3000)

TAP - Tapley Decelerometer (Tapley Sales)

Runway friction measurement reports are expressed using thename of the above FAA-approved devices, followed by the word "MU"(pronounced "myew"), followed by the reported values, then followedby the actual time of the measurement.

Examples:

!ABC 12/004 XYZ RWY 18 SKH MU 52/30/42 WEF 0412251000

Translated: Myew readings for runway 18 at the Eckswhyzee Airport,using the Skiddometer, are 52 for the first third of the landing runway,then 30 for the middle third of the runway, then 42 for the last third ofthe runway (the middle third of the runway is the most slipperysegment) effective from 1000 GMT on December 25, 2004.

51


Runway Friction Measurement (con't):

!ABC 02/008 XYZ RWY 36 TAP MU 30/45/25 WEF 0402181200

Translated: Myew readings for runway 36 at the Eckswhyzee Airport,using the Tapely Decelerometer, are 30 for the first third of thelanding runway, then 45 for the middle third of the runway, then 25 forthe last third of the runway (the last third of the runway is the mostslippery segment) effective from 1200 GMT on February 18, 2004.

Runway Friction Measurement Equipment Status:

!XYZ 09/005 XYZ SVC FRICTION MEASURING DEVICE OTSWEF 1109141200

Translated: The runway friction measurement equipment at theEckswhyzee Airport is out of service effective from 1200 GMT onSeptember 14, 2011. (no runway friction measurement readings areavailable.)

52


Water:

!XYZ 04/002 XYZ RWY 9/27 FICON 1 IN WTR WEF 0404152200

Translated: Runway 9 and 27 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is completely covered with 1 inch (1 IN) of water (WTR)effective from 2200 GMT on April 15, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 05/007 XYZ RWY 4/22 FICON PTCHY 1/2 IN WTR WEF0405081600

Translated: Runway 4 and 22 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is partially covered (PTCHY) with 1/2 inch of water (1/2 INWTR) effective from 1600 GMT on May 8, 2004.

Note: The term "puddles" is not used in NOTAMs to refer to areasof water partially covering a runway, taxiway, or other movementarea. The term PTCHY is used instead, indicating less than fullcoverage of a surface. The NOTAM will not indicate the location,size, or extent of coverage of water puddles partially covering therunway.

Mud:

!XYZ 05/003 XYZ RWY 4/22 FICON PTCHY 2 IN MUD WEF0405271300

Translated: Runway 4 and 22 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport has 25% or less of the surface (PTCHY) covered by 2 inchdeep mud (2 IN MUD) effective from 1300 GMT on May 27, 2004.

Note: The term PTCHY is used to indicate 25 percent or less thanfull coverage of a surface. The NOTAM will not indicate the location,size, or extent of coverage of areas of mud partially affecting therunway.

53


Mud:

!XYZ 04/002 XYZ RWY 11/29 FICON THN MUD WEF 0404091200

Translated: Runway 11 and 29 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is completely covered with a thin layer of mud (THN MUD)(less than 1/4 inch) effective from 1200 GMT on April 9,2004.

Frost:

!XYZ 10/003 XYZ AD THN FROST WEF 0410271100

Translated: All surfaces at the Eckswhyzee Airport are covered witha thin layer of frost (THN FROST) (less than 1/4 inch) effective from1100 GMT on October 27, 2004.

Note: FICON is not used with the contraction AD (aerodrome).

Frost Heave:

!XYZ 10/007 XYZ RWY 12/30 FICON FROST HEAVE NW 500 WEF0410231200

Translated: Runway 12 and 30 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport is affected by frost heaving (FROST HEAVE) involving thenorthwest 500 feet (NW 500) of the runway effective from 1200 GMT0n October 23, 2004.

Cracks:

!XYZ 03/002 XYZ RWY 11/29 FICON NMRS 7 IN CRACKS WEF0403062100

Translated: Runway 11 and 29 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport has numerous (NMRS) 7 inch cracks (7 IN CRACKS)throughout the runway. The 7 inches refers to the length of thecracks (location and extent of the cracks is not given) effective from2100 GMT on March 6, 2004.

54


Ruts:

!XYZ 04/004 XYZ RWY 9/27 FICON 3 IN RUTS E 1000 WEF0404081700

Translated: Runway 9 and 27 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport has ruts 3 inches deep (3 IN RUTS) on the east 1000 feet (E1000) of the runway effective from 1700 GMT on April 8, 2004.

Soft Edge:

!XYZ 06/002 XYZ RWY 5/23 FICON SOFT EDGES WEF0406031900

Translated: Runway 5 and 23 field condition at the EckswhyzeeAirport has soft edges (SOFT EDGES) effective from 1900 GMT onJune 3, 2004.

55


Certificated Airport Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ARFF)Equipment:

NOTAMs referencing ARFF equipment are of interest to air carrieroperators, basically indicating that required ARFF equipment isinoperative or unavailable, and replacement equipment is notavailable. An ARFF Index for each certificated airport is published inthe Airport Facility Directory (AFD). Legend item 16 in the AFD listsindices and ARFF equipment requirements.

The below examples illustrate some NOTAMs you mayoccasionally encounter. Unless you are involved with Part 121 AirCarrier operations, they are of no concern to you.

Examples:

!XYZ 03/012 XYZ SVC ARFF VEHICLE INDEX OTS INDEXUNCHANGED TIL 0403141200

!XYZ 06/002 XYZ SVC ARFF NOW INDEX A TIL 0406231000

!XYZ 11/008 XYZ SVC ARFF UNAVBL/AD CLSD TO ACR MORETHAN 30 PAX

This one we'll translate: At the Eckswhyzee airport, certificatedairport aircraft rescue and fire fighting (ARFF) equipment isunavailable (UNAVBL). The airport (AD) is closed to air carrieraircraft carrying more than 30 passengers (CLSD TO ACR MORETHAN 30 PAX). The airport remains open to all other aircraftoperations.

For those of you who want to know more, the ARFF index forcertificated airports is published in the Airport Facility Directory (AFD).Legend item 16 in the AFD lists indices and ARFF equipmentrequirements.

56

Lighting Aid NOTAMs

Typical contractions associated with lighting aid NOTAMs include:

ABN - airport beacon

AD - aerodrome / airport (former “AP” –

airport)

APCH - approach

AD LGT - aerodrome / airport lighting

BCN - beacon

HIRL - high intensity runway lights

INTST - intensity

LGT - light or lighting

LGTD - lighted

LIRL - low intensity runway lights

MALS - medium intensity approach light system

MALSF - medium intensity approach light system

with sequenced flashers indicator lights

MALSR - medium intensity approach light system

with runway alignment

MED - medium

MIRL - medium intensity runway lights

NGT - night

OBST - obstruction

PAPI - precision approach path indicator

PCL - pilot controlled lighting

RAIL - runway alignment indicator lights

RCLL - runway center line lights

RENL - runway end lights

RLLS - runway lead-in light system

RRL - runway remaining lights

SFL - sequence flashing lights

SSALF - simplified short approach lighting with

sequence flashers

SSALR - simplified short approach lighting with

runway alignment indicator lights

SSALS - simplified short approach lighting system

TDZ LGT - touchdown zone lights

THR - threshold

UNLGTD - unlighted

VASI - visual approach slope indicator system

57

Lighting Aid NOTAMs

Approach Light System:

!XYZ 08/004 XYZ RWY 27 MALSR CMSN WEF 0408011200

Translated: The medium intensity approach light system withrunway alignment (MALSR) for runway 27 at the Eckswhyzee Airportis commissioned (CMSN) effective from 1200 GMT on August 1,2004.

Note: In the above example, the specific type of approach lightsystem is noted. This is done whenever an approach light system iscommissioned. Once commissioned, the approach light system willbe noted in a NOTAM as an ALS (approach light system).

Example:

!XYZ 06/004 XYZ RWY 24 ALS OTS

Translated: The (undefined) approach light system (ALS) for runway24 at the Eckswhyzee Airport is out of service (OTS).

Sequence Flashing Lights:

!XYZ 09/002 XYZ RWY 34 RAIL OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 34 runway alignmentindicator lights (RAIL) are out of service (OTS).

********************

!XYZ 07/005 XYZ RWY 15 SFL OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 15 sequence flashinglights (SFL) are out of service (OTS).

58

Lighting Aid NOTAMs

Runway Edge Light:

(Or more simply known as the runway lights)

!XYZ 05/002 XYZ RWY 9/27 HIRL CMSN WEF 0405011200

Translated: The high intensity runway light system (HIRL) for runway9 and 27 at the Eckswhyzee Airport is commissioned (CMSN)effective from 1200 GMT on May 1, 2004.

Note: In the above example, the specific type of runway lightsystem is noted. This is done whenever a runway light system iscommissioned. Once commissioned, the runway light system will benoted in a NOTAM as RWY LGTS (runway lights).

Example:

!XYZ 07/013 XYZ RWY 18/36 RWY LGTS OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 18 and 36 runwaylight system (RWY LGTS) is out of service (OTS).

Runway Lights Obscured Due to Snow and Ice:

!XYZ 02/005 XYZ RWY 6/24 RWY LGTS OBSCD WEF 0402171300

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 6 and 24 runway(edge) lights are completely obscured (RWY LGTS OBSCD)effective from 1300 GMT on February 17, 2004.

Note: Even though the reason for runway light obscuration isnever reported in a NOTAM, it's usually quite obvious the reason isdue to snow cover.

Also, runway lights that are partially obscured will never bereported in a NOTAM. So, if you are making a night landing to asnow covered airport and don't see all of the runway lights, some ofthem are probably obscured or covered with snow.

59

Lighting Aid NOTAMs

Runway Centerline Light System:

!XYZ 05/009 XYZ RWY 10/28 RCLL OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 10 and 28 runwaycenterline light system (RCLL) is out of service (OTS).

Touchdown Zone Lights:

!XYZ 06/013 XYZ RWY 21 TDZ LGT OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 21 touchdown zonelights (TDZ LGT) are out of service (OTS).

Runway Lead-in Light System:

!XYZ 10/002 XYZ RWY 27 RLLS OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 27 runway lead-in lightsystem (RLLS) is out of service (OTS).

Airport Lighting Total Power Failure:

!XYZ 12/016 XYZ AD LGT OTS

Translated: All lighting at the Eckswhyzee Airport (AD LGT) is out ofservice (OTS).

Note: This includes approach lights, runway lights, taxiway lights,the airport rotating beacon, windsock lights, and obstruction lights.

60

Lighting Aid NOTAMs

Airport Rotating Beacon:

!XYZ 09/005 XYZ AD ABN OTS

Translated: The rotating beacon (ABN) at Eckswhyzee Airport is outof service (OTS).

Stop Bar Lighting System:

!XYZ 08/006 XYZ RWY 6 STOP BAR LGT OTS

Translated: The stop bar light (STOP BAR LGT) for runway 6 at theEckswhyzee Airport is out of service (OTS).

Pilot Controlled Lighting:

!XYZ 09/002 XYZ SVC PCL OTS

Translated: The pilot controlled lighting (PCL) at the EckswhyzeeAirport is out of service (OTS).

********************

!XYZ 05/013 XYZ RWY 9/27 RWY LGTS PCL OTS

Translated: The pilot controlled lighting (PCL) for runway 9 and 27 atthe Eckswhyzee Airport is out of service (OTS).

********************

!XYZ 07/002 XYZ SVC PCL NOW 122.8

Translated: The pilot controlled light system (PCL) at theEckswhyzee Airport is now frequency 122.8.

61

Lighting Aid NOTAMs

Pilot Controlled Lighting (con't):

!XYZ 03/001 XYZ RWY LGTS PCL CMSND KEY 122.8 7 TIMESHIGH/5 TIMES MED/3 TIMES LOW INTST 0200-1000 DLY

Translated: Pilot controlled lighting (PCL) for the runway lights at theEckswhyzee Airport have been commissioned. To activate the pilotcontrolled lighting, key your microphone button 7 times for highintensity runway lights, 5 times for medium intensity runway lights, or3 times for low intensity runway lights from 0200 GMT to 1000 GMTdaily (DLY).

62

Lighting Aid NOTAMs

Obstruction Light Outages:

Many times, the heights and locations of these structures are oflittle consequence to the safety of flight. But many towers, antennasand other structures are true hazards to aviation due to their closeproximity to airports or location along helicopter routes.

And there are some big towers out there (over a thousand and,sometimes, over two thousand feet tall). Aircraft do occasionally runinto towers regardless of height - especially helicopters. So, eventhough ponderous, it would be wise to note their locations if you self-brief or get a briefing from flight service.

Example:

!XYZ 02/004 XYZ OBST TOWER 1025 (365 AGL) 4.3 SSW LGTSOTS TIL 0402121845 (ASR 1059795)

Translated: A tower 1025 total feet MSL in height, 365 feet tall (365AGL), located 4.3 nautical miles south-southwest of the EckswhyzeeAirport (XYZ230015) has its obstruction light out of service (LGTSOTS) until 1845 GMT on February 12, 2004.

Note: The "(ASR 1059795)" listed in the NOTAM refers to theFCC registration number. ASR = Antenna Structure Registration(Number).

Note: Types of obstructions with light outages reported inNOTAMs are towers, cranes, stacks, hills. Out of service (OTS)refers to a top light or a flashing obstruction light regardless of itsposition on a tower.

Note: The until time-date group (TIL 0402121845) in this exampleindicates when the obstruction light NOTAM will automatically cancel.The obstruction light may remain unlit with no NOTAM referencing it,unless the NOTAM is updated for another 15 days by the companyowning the structure.

Note: If an MSL or AGL tower height is unknown, the contraction"UNKN" will be substituted for the missing tower height.

63

NAVAID NOTAMs

Typical contractions associated with NAVAID NOTAMs include:

BC - back course

CHAN - channel

DEGS - degrees

DME - distance measuring equipment

FAN MKR - fan marker

FREQ - frequency

GCA - ground controlled approach (RADAR)

GP - glide path

GPS - Global Positioning System

ILS - instrument landing system

IM - inner marker

LDA - localizer type directional aid

LM - compass locator at ILS middle marker

LLZ - localizer

LO - compass locator at ILS outer marker

LORAN - long range air navigation system

MKR - marker

MLS - microwave landing system

MM - middle marker

NA - not authorized

NAV - navigation

NDB - non-directional radio beacon

OM - outer marker

PAR - precision approach RADAR

PRN - global position system random noise

number

SDF - simplified directional facility

SSR - secondary surveillance RADAR

SVC - service

RAIM - Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

TACAN - tactical air navigation aid (azimuth &

DME)

TAR - terminal approach RADAR

TVOR - terminal VOR

UNMNT - unmonitored

UNUSBL - unusable

VOR - VHF omni-directional radio range

VORTAC - VOR and TACAN (co-located)

64

NAVAID NOTAMs

NAVAID malfunctions, lack of monitoring, shutdownscommissioning, and decommissioning are reported by NOTAM D asin the following examples:

Unmonitored NAVAID:

!ABC 08/004 XYZ NAV VOR UNMNT

Translated: The Eckswhyzee VOR is unmonitored (UNMNT).

Note: "Unmonitored" means that the people responsible formonitoring the NAVAID have lost the ability to observe its operationalstatus due to a communication line problem.

More than likely, the NAVAID is functioning normally. Therefore,as all good pilots always do, simply tune and identify the unmonitoredNAVAID. If a reliable signal is not received, notify ATC so they mayconfirm if the NAVAID is out of service by receiving a second aircraftcheck of the NAVAID. Also, confirm that your navaid receiver isworking properly by tuning and identifying a neighboring navaid.

Restrictions to NAVAIDs:

!ABC 06/010 XYZ NAV VOR UNUSBL 090-120 BYD 20 BLW 5000

Translated: The Eckswhyzee VOR is unusable from the 090 degreeradial to the 120 degree radial when beyond twenty miles and belowfive thousand feet MSL.

********************

!ABC 02/007 XYZ NAV VOR UNUSBL 130-180/250-300 BYD 20BLW 6000

Translated: The Eckswhyzee VOR is unusable from the 130 degreeradial to the 180 degree radial and from the 250 degree radial to the300 degree radial when beyond twenty miles and below six thousandfeet MSL (for both sectors).

65

NAVAID NOTAMs

Restrictions to NAVAIDs (con't):

!ABC 11/003 XYZ NAV VOR UNUSBL 210-330 BYD 10 BLW 3000PLUS SEE AFD

Translated: The Eckswhyzee VOR is unusable from the 210 degreeradial to the 330 degree radial when beyond ten miles and belowthree thousand feet MSL. PLUS SEE the Airport Facility Directory(AFD).

Note: If a NOTAM contains PLUS SEE (title of publication), youshould refer to the defined publication to determine what otherpublished abnormal information is available. The published datawould, most likely, indicate other sectors of Eckswhyzee VOR radialsthat have been unusable for an extended period of time.

Note: "UNUSBL" means unusable for IFR flight. The navaid in theunusable sector(s) may be used for VFR navigation, but back up yourusage of the navaid with another form of navigation.

Instrument Landing Systems:

!XYZ 09/006 XYZ NAV ILS RWY 27 ILS 110.3 CMSN

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 27 instrument landingsystem (ILS), frequency 110.3 has been commissioned (CMSN).

********************

!XYZ 12/004 XYZ NAV ILS RWY 9 ILS DCMSN

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 9 instrument landingsystem (ILS) has been decommissioned (DCMSN).

!XYZ 08/006 XYZ NAV ILS RWY 24 ILS GP OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 24 instrument landingsystem (ILS) glide path (GP) is out of service (OTS).

66

NAVAID NOTAMs

Instrument Landing Systems (con't):

!XYZ 04/002 XYZ NAV ILS RWY 36 ILS LLZ OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 36 instrument landingsystem (ILS) localizer (LLZ) is out of service (OTS).

A localizer approach outage will be preceded by the contraction"ILS", as in the above example, even though it is not an ILSapproach.

********************

!XYZ 08/006 XYZ NAV ILS RWY 16 ILS OM OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 16 instrument landingsystem (ILS) outer marker (OM) is out of service (OTS).

********************

!XYZ 08/006 XYZ NAV ILS RWY 6 ILS GP UNUSBL BLW 846

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 6 instrument landingsystem (ILS) glide path (GP) is unusable (UNUSBL) below (BLW) 846feet MSL.

********************

!XYZ 03/009 XYZ NAV ILS RWY 33 ILS LLZ UNUSBL 30 R CRS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 33 instrument landingsystem (ILS) localizer (LLZ) is unusable (UNUSBL) 30 degrees rightof course (30 R CRS).

67

NAVAID NOTAMs

CATEGORY 2 AND 3 INSTRUMENT LANDING SYSTEM STATUS:

Category 2 and/or 3 approaches are automatically cancelled or notauthorized when a NOTAM has been issued for any componentneeded for the approaches. Those components are outer marker(OM), middle marker (MM), inner marker (IM), glide slope (GP),localizer (LLZ), locator at the outer marker (LO), distance measuringequipment (DME), approach lighting system (ALS), sequence flashinglights/runway alignment indicator lights (SFL/RAIL), touchdown zonelights (TDZL), runway centerline lights (RCLL), runway edge lights(RWY LGTS), RVR touchdown (RVRT), RVR midpoint (RVRM), andRVR rollout (RVRR).

Suspension of category(ies) of operation due to abnormal status ofILS and ancillary electronic components occurs when:

1. One of the LLZ transmitters inoperative.

2. LLZ far field monitor inoperative.

3. Failure of one monitor in a dual channel LLZ or GP monitor system.

4. LLZ/GP operating on battery standby power source when main power source has failed.

5. ALS standby power source inoperative.

6. SFL/RAIL standby power source inoperative.

7. TDZL/RCLL standby power source inoperative.

8. RWY LGTS standby power source inoperative.

9. More than 10 percent of touchdown zone lights, runway centerlinelights, runway edge lights, and taxiway lights are not functioning.

Examples:

!ATL 07/009 ATL NAV RWY 8L ILS CAT 2 NA

!ATL 10/018 ATL NAV RWY 8L ILS CAT 3 NA

!ATL 05/012 ATL NAV RWY 8L ILS CAT 2/3 NA WEF 0405251600-0405251900

68

NAVAID NOTAMs

Microwave Landing System:

!XYZ 08/012 XYZ NAV RWY 10R MLS CHAN 556 CMSN

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 10 Right (10R)microwave landing system (MLS), Channel 556 (CHAN 556) hasbeen commissioned (CMSN).

********************

!XYZ 10/014 XYZ NAV RWY 28L MLS DCMSN

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 28 Left (28L)microwave landing system (MLS) has been decommissioned(DCMSN).

********************

!XYZ 01/017 XYZ NAV RWY 4 MLS ELEV OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 4 microwave landingsystem (MLS) elevation (ELEV) is out of service (OTS).

********************

!XYZ 11/014 XYZ NAV RWY 12 MLS AZM OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 12 microwave landingsystem (MLS) azimuth (AZM) is out of service (OTS).

********************

!XYZ 06/011 XYZ NAV RWY 10 MLS AZM UNUSBL BYD 25 BLW2300

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 10 microwave landingsystem (MLS) azimuth (AZM) is unusable (UNUSBL) beyond 25 miles(BYD 25) below (BLW) 2300 feet MSL.

69

NAVAID NOTAMs

Simplified Directional Facility:

!XYZ 09/003 XYZ NAV RWY 6 SDF OTS

Translated: Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 6 simplified directionalfacility (SDF) is out of service (OTS).

Localizer Type Directional Aid:

!XYZ 10/014 XYZ NAV RWY 36 LDA OTS

Translated: Eckswhyzee Airport's runway 36 localizer typedirectional aid (LDA) is out of service (OTS).

VOR/DME:

!ABC 07/004 XYZ NAV VOR OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee VOR is out of service (OTS).

Unless otherwise listed as out of service by another NOTAM, theDME portion remains in service.

********************

!ABC 03/008 XYZ NAV DME OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee DME is out of service (OTS).

Unless otherwise listed as out of service by another NOTAM, theVOR portion remains in service.

VORTAC:

!ABC 07/003 XYZ NAV VORTAC OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee VORTAC is out of service (OTS).(All components are out of service - VOR, DME, and TACAN).

70

NAVAID NOTAMs

VORTAC (con't):


Translated: The Eckswhyzee VORTAC's VOR portion is out ofservice (OTS).

Note: Unless otherwise listed as out of service by anotherNOTAM, the DME and TACAN portions remain in service.

********************

!ABC 09/005 XYZ NAV DME OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee VORTAC's DME portion is out ofservice (OTS).

Note: Unless otherwise listed as out of service by anotherNOTAM, the VOR and TACAN azimuth portions remain in service.

********************

!ABC 06/002 XYZ NAV TACAN OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee VORTAC's TACAN portion is out ofservice (OTS).

Note: This indicates that either the DME portion of the VORTAC isinoperative, or that the entire TACAN (azimuth and DME) isinoperative.

********************

!ABC 03/005 XYZ NAV TACAN AZM OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee VORTAC's TACAN azimuth portion isout of service (OTS).

(Explanation continued on next page)

71

NAVAID NOTAMs

VORTAC (con't):

(Explanation continued, TACAN AZM OTS)

Unless otherwise listed as out of service in another NOTAM, theVOR and DME portions of the VORTAC remain in operation.

Terminal VOR:

Terminal VORs (TVOR) may serve one or more airports.When serving one airport and not associated with the airwaystructure, the identifier of the airport is the affected facility in theNOTAM format.

Example:

!ABC 07/002 ABC XYZ NAV VOR OTS

Translated: The XYZ VOR is out of service (OTS).

Note: The "ABC" in the above example is the single airport servedby the "XYZ" VOR.

********************

Terminal VORs (TVOR) serving more than one airport - orassociated with the airway structure, have NOTAMs issued using theTVOR as the affected facility.

Example:


Translated: The XYZ VOR is out of service (OTS).

Note: In the above example, the airports affected by the XYZ VORoutage are not listed in the NOTAM.

72

NAVAID NOTAMs

NDB:

Terminal NDBs (non-directional radio beacons) may serve one ormore airports. For those NDBs located on or serving one airport, theidentifier of the airport is the affected facility in the NOTAM format.

Example:

!ABC 09/008 ABC XYZ NAV NDB OTS

Translated: The XYZ non-directional radio beacon (NDB) is out ofservice (OTS).

Note: The "ABC" in the above example is the single airport servedby the "XYZ" NDB.

********************

Terminal NDBs (non-directional radio beacons) serving more thanone airport have NOTAMs issued using the NDB as the affectedfacility.

Example:

!ABC 12/004 XYZ NAV NDB OTS

Translated: The XYZ non-directional radio beacon (NDB) is out ofservice (OTS).

Note: In the above example, the airports served by the XYZ NDBoutage are not listed in the NOTAM.

NDB/LO:

An NDB/LO (non-directional radio beacon/compass locator at ILSouter marker) may serve one or more airports. For an NDB/LOserving one airport, the identifier of the airport is the affected facility inthe NOTAM format.

(See next page for examples)

73

NAVAID NOTAMs

NDB/LO (con't):

Example:

!XYX 05/004 XYZ NAV RWY 24 ALICE NDB/LO OTS

Translated: The ALICE non-directional radio beacon/compasslocator at ILS outer marker (NDB/LO) serving runway 24 at theEckswhyzee Airport is out of service (OTS).

********************

An NDB/LO (non-directional radio beacon/compass locator at ILSouter marker) serving more than one airport has multiple NOTAMsissued under the identifier of each airport. At one airport the navaidserves as an NDB/LO serving a specific runway at a specific airport.The navaid also serves as an NDB only for another neighboringairport.

Example:

!XYZ 11/002 XYZ NAV RWY 27 ANGEL NDB/LO OTS

Translated: The ANGEL non-directional beacon/compass locator atILS outer marker (NDB/LO) serving runway 27 at the EckswhyzeeAirport is out of service (OTS) - AND –

!XYZ 10/003 XYZ NAV ANGEL NDB OTS

Translated: The ANGEL non-directional beacon NDB serving theEckswhyzee Airport is out of service (OTS).

Note: In the above NOTAM, the ANGEL NDB serves the XYZAirport as an NDB only.

NAVAID Identification Change:

!XYZ 06/003 XYZ NAV VORTAC NOW ABC

Translated: The Eckswhyzee VORTAC's identifier is changed to(NOW) Ayebeesee (ABC).

74

RADAR Outages

!XYZ 10/012 XYZ SVC TAR OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee terminal area RADAR (TAR) is out ofservice (OTS).

********************

!XYZ 05/002 XYZ SVC SSR OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee secondary surveillance RADAR (SSR)is out of service (OTS).

********************

!XYZ 03/005 XYZ SVC PAR OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee precision approach RADAR (PAR) isout of service (OTS).

********************

!XYZ 10/012 XYZ SVC TAR/SSR OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee terminal area RADAR (TAR) and thesecondary surveillance RADAR (SSR) are out of service (OTS).

********************

!XYZ 03/005 XYZ SVC GCA UNAVBL

Translated: The Eckswhyzee ground control approach RADAR(GCA) is unavailable (UNAVBL).

!XYZ 11/002 XYZ SVC ARSR OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee air route surveillance RADAR (ARSR) isout of service (OTS).

75

Communications Outlets

Typical contractions associated with Communications OutletNOTAMs include:

ATIS - Automatic Terminal Information Service

CD - Clearance Delivery

COM - communications

CTAF - Common Traffic Advisory Frequency

EFAS - Enroute Flight Advisory Service

HIWAS - Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service

LAA - Local Airport Advisory

RCAG - Remote Communication Air/Ground Facility

RCO - Remote Communication Outlet

RTR - Remote Transmitter/Receiver

76


The commissioning, decommissioning, outage, or unavailability ofcommunications outlets are reported by NOTAM D as in the followingexamples:

Automatic Terminal Information Service:

!XYZ 08/003 XYZ COM ATIS OTS

Translated: The automatic terminal information service (ATIS)serving the Eckswhyzee Airport is out of service (OTS).

Remote Communication Outlet:

!XYZ 11/004 XYZ COM RCO 122.4 OTS

Translated: The remote communication outlet (RCO), frequency122.4 only is out of service (OTS).

Note: In this example, the XYZ RCO serving the Eckswhyzeeflight service station has another frequency of 255.4. It remains inservice and is usable for communications. Notice the distinction inthe example below where no frequency is listed in the NOTAM:

!XYZ 11/004 XYZ COM RCO OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee remote communication outlet (RCO) isout of service (OTS).

Note: With no frequency listed, this indicates that all frequenciesof this remote communication outlet serving the Eckswhyzee flightservice station are out of service.

Clearance Delivery:

!ABC 03/002 XYZ COM CD OTS

Translated: Clearance delivery (CD) serving the Eckswhyzee Airportis out of service (OTS).

77


Local Airport Advisory:

!ABC 06/002 XYZ COM LAA OTS

Translated: The local airport advisory frequencies (LAA) serving theEckswhyzee Airport are out of service (OTS).

Note: If one or several frequencies are out of service, but one isoperating, the NOTAM will list the out of service frequency(s).

Example:

!ABC 04/001 XYZ COM LAA 123.6 OTS

Translated: The local airport advisory frequency (LAA) 123.6 servingthe Eckswhyzee Airport is out of service (OTS).

VOR VOICE:

!ABC 12/003 XYZ COM VOR VOICE OTS

Translated: The VOR voice feature (VOR VOICE) for theEckswhyzee VOR is out of service (OTS).

Note: Flight service cannot transmit over the affected VOR tocommunicate with pilots who call flight service on 122.1 and listenover that VOR frequency.

Remote Transmitter/Receiver:

!ABC 09/003 XYZ COM RTR OTS

Translated: The remote transmitter/receiver (RTR) serving theEckxwhyzee ATC facility is out of service (OTS).

Note: An RTR is an unmanned communications facility remotelycontrolled by air traffic personnel to extend VHF and UHFcommunication range. RTRs serve terminal ATC facilities, whereasRCOs serve flight service stations.

78


Remote Communication Air/Ground Facility:

!ABC 02/005 XYZ COM RCAG 135.6 VICE 133.15

Translated: The new remote communication air to ground facility(RCAG) frequency serving the Eckswhyzee ARTCC is 135.6 insteadof (VICE) the old frequency of 133.15.

Note: An RCAG is an unmanned VHF/UHF transmitter andreceiver facility which is used to expand air route traffic control center(ARTCC) air to ground communications coverage which facilitatesdirect radio contact between pilots and air traffic controllers.

Enroute Flight Advisory Service (Flight Watch):

!XYZ 08/003 XYZ COM EFAS OUTLET 122.0 OTS

Translated: The enroute flight advisory service (EFAS) provided bythe Eckswhyzee flight service station, frequency 122.0, is out ofservice (OTS).

Note: Upon request, EFAS provides timely weather information(especially about thunderstorms) pertinent to a pilot's route of flightand altitude. EFAS (Flight Watch) locations at selected flight servicestations, are listed on the back cover of the Airport/Facility Directory.

Hazardous Inflight Weather Advisory Service:

!XYZ 11/004 XYZ COM HIWAS OUTLET OTS

Translated: The hazardous inflight weather advisory service(HIWAS) provided by the Eckswhyzee flight service station is out ofservice (OTS).

Note: HIWAS is a continuous recorded broadcast provided toairborne pilots over selected VORs. The HIWAS broadcastsinformation about AIRMETs, SIGMETs, Convective SIGMETs, urgentpilot reports, and Severe Thunderstorm & Tornado Watches. AHIWAS outlet area is typically a 150 nautical mile radius of theselected VOR providing the broadcast service.

79

Services

Typical contractions associated with services NOTAMs include:

AFSS - automated flight service station

ARTCC - air route traffic control center

ATC - air traffic control

ATCCC - air traffic control command center

ATSCC - air traffic system command center

CD - clearance delivery

DLA - delay

FSS - flight service station

GC - ground control

LC - local control

MSG - message

NTAP - Notices to Airmen Publication

RAPCON - radar approach control (Air Force/FAA)

SVC - services

TEMPO - temporary

TIL - until

TMPA - traffic management program alerts

TWR - tower (air traffic control)

Changes in Hours of Operation of an ATC Facility or Service:

!XYZ 08/006 XYZ SVC TWR 1000-2000 MON-FRI/1200-2200SAT/1400-2300 SUN TIL 0408052300

Translated: The Eckswhyzee air traffic control tower (TWR) is openfrom 1000 GMT to 2000 GMT (1000-2000) Monday through Friday(MON-FRI), from 1200 GMT to 2200 GMT (1200-2200) on Saturday(SAT), and from 1400 GMT to 2300 GMT (1400-2300) on Sunday(SUN) until 2300 GMT on August 5, 2004.

80

Services

Changes in Hours of Operation of an ATC Facility or Service(con't):

!ABC 09/002 XYZ SVC TWR CLSD 0300-1000 MON-FRI/2300-1200SAT/2200-1400 SUN TIL 0409121400

Translated: The Eckswhyzee air traffic control tower (TWR) isclosed from 0300 GMT to 1000 GMT (0300-1000) Monday throughFriday (MON-FRI), from 2300 GMT to 1200 GMT (2300-1200) onSaturday (SAT), and from 2200 GMT to 1400 GMT (2200-1400) onSunday (SUN) until 1400 GMT on September 12, 2004.

Establishment of Temporary Air Traffic Control Tower:

!XYZ 03/004 XYZ SVC TEMPO TWR 121.0 1200-2000 DLY

Translated: A temporary air traffic control tower (TWR) is available atthe Eckswhyzee Airport between 1200 GMT and 2000 GMT daily(1200-2000 DLY). Frequency 121.0 will be used to control aircrafton all movement areas and traffic patterns.

********************

!XYZ 01/001 XYZ SVC TEMPO TWR LC 119.1 1200-2000 DLY

Translated: A temporary air traffic control tower (TWR) is available atthe Eckswhyzee Airport between 1200 GMT and 2000 GMT daily(1200-2000 DLY). Frequency 119.1 will be used to controlarriving and departing aircraft from the designated runway(s)only (LC 119.1). Taxiing will be at pilot's discretion.

********************

!XYZ 08/002 XYZ SVC TEMPO TWR LC 121.0 GC 121.7 1400-2100DLY

Translated: A temporary air traffic control tower (TWR) is available atthe Eckswhyzee Airport between 1400 GMT and 2100 GMT daily(1400-2100 DLY). Frequency 121.0 will be used to controlarriving and departing aircraft from the designated runway(s)(LC 121.0), and 121.7 will be used for controlling taxiing aircraft(GC 121.7).

81

Services

Establishment of Temporary Air Traffic Control Tower (con't):

!XYZ 03/007 XYZ SVC TEMPO TWR LC/CD 121.3 1000-2200 DLY

Translated: A temporary air traffic control tower (TWR) is available atthe Eckswhyzee Airport between 1000 GMT and 2200 GMT daily(1000-2200 DLY). Frequency 121.3 will be used to controlarriving and departing aircraft from the designated runway(s)and for issuing IFR clearances (LC/CD 121.3).

Total Failure of an Air Traffic Facility (Loss of Communications):

(The ARTCC identifiers listed below are used in these NOTAMs.NOTAM examples are shown on the next page.)

Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC) three letter identifiers: ZAB - Albuquerque

ZAN - Anchorage

ZAU - Chicago

ZBW - Boston

ZDC - Washington

ZDV - Denver

ZFW - Fort Worth

ZHU - Houston

ZID - Indianapolis

ZJX - Jacksonville

ZKC - Kansas City

ZLA - Los Angeles

ZLC - Salt Lake City

ZMA - Miami

ZME - Memphis

ZMP - Minneapolis

ZNY - New York

ZOA - Oakland

ZOB - Cleveland

ZSE - Seattle

ZTL - Atlanta

82

Services

Total Failure of an Air Traffic Facility (Loss of Communications,con't):

!DCA 05/002 ZDC SVC WASHINGTON ARTCC OTS

!DCA 02/003 ZDC SVC GREENSBORO APPROACH CONTROLOTS

!MCN 02/005 ZTL SVC GREENSBORO APPROACH CONTROLOTS

Note: If an approach control airspace is totally within one ARTCCsairspace and state, only one NOTAM is issued. However, if theairspace covers two or more states and/or one or more ARTCCs, aNOTAM is issued for each state and/or ARTCC. *See note below forpossible reasons for the outage.

!MIA 06/014 ZMA SVC MIAMI AFSS OTS

!GNV 06/009 ZJX SVC MIAMI AFSS OTS

Note: If a flight service station's flight plan area is totally within oneARTCCs airspace and one state, only one NOTAM is issued.However, if the flight plan area covers two or more states and one ormore ARTCCs, a NOTAM is issued for each state and/or ARTCC.

*See note below for possible reasons for the outage.

!XYZ 11/006 XYZ SVC TWR OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee air traffic control tower (TWR) is out ofservice (OTS).

*Note: The reason for the above outages is not given in theNOTAM. The ATC facilities may be unavailable due to a loss of radiocommunications capability, or lack of sufficient staffing, or evacuationdue to air quality problems, or some type of threat.

83

Services

Traffic Delays:

!XYZ 10/008 XYZ SVC ATC DLA WEF 0410151600-0410151630

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport will experience an air trafficcontrol delay (ATC DLA) effective from 1600 GMT on October 15,2004 through 1630 GMT on October 15, 2004 (WEF 0410151600-0410151630).

Traffic Management Program Alerts:

!XYZ 05/012 XYZ SVC TMPA SEE NTAP RSVN RQRD WEF0405221200-0405290200

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport has a traffic managementprogram (TMPA) in effect. See the Notices to Airmen Publication(NTAP) for detailed information. Reservations are required (RSVNRQRD) effective from 1200 GMT on May 22, 2004 through 0200 GMTon May 29, 2004.

********************

!XYZ 08/005 XYZ SVC TMPA SEE TM MSG RSVN RQRD 1100-0259 DLY

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport has a traffic managementprogram (TMPA) in effect. See traffic management messages (SEETM) for detailed information. Reservations are required (RSVNRQRD) effective from 1100 GMT through 0259 GMT daily (1100-0259DLY).

Note: Details of each traffic management program are publishedin the Notices to Airmen Publication (NTAP) or included in a specialtraffic management program advisory messages. If unable to locatethis information through your own resources, call a flight servicestation for detailed information. A TMPA usually involves aircraftoperating under instrument flight rules.

84

Services

Flow Control Messages (arrival delays, such as ground stops,ground delays, airborne holding, etc.):

!XYZ 09/014 XYZ SVC TMPA SEE ATCCC MSG WEF 0409211800-0409212100

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport has a traffic managementprogram (TMPA) in effect. See air traffic control command centermessages (SEE ATCCC) for detailed information. The TMPA is ineffect from 1800 GMT on September 21, 2004 through 2100 GMT onSeptember 21, 2004 (WEF 0409211800-0409242100).

********************

!XYZ 03/007 XYZ SVC TMPA SEE ATCCC MSG TIL 0403240300

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport has a traffic managementprogram (TMPA) in effect. See air traffic control command centermessages (SEE ATCCC) for detailed information. The TMPA is ineffect until 0300 GMT on March 24, 2004 (TIL 0403240300).

Fuel Unavailability:

!ABC 04/002 XYZ SVC 100LL FUEL UNAVBL WEF 0404011000-0404302200

Translated: One-hundred low-lead fuel (100LL FUEL) is unavailable(UNAVBL) at the Eckswhyzee Airport effective from 1000 GMT onApril 1, 2004 through 2200 GMT on April 30, 2004.

85

Weather & Weather Reporting Equipment

Typical contractions associated with weather and weather reportingequipment NOTAMs include:

ALSTG - altimeter setting

AMOS - automatic meteorological observing system

ASOS - automated surface observing system

AUTOB - automatic weather reporting system

AWOS - automated weather observing system

CIG - ceiling

DP - dew point

ITWS - integrated terminal weather system

LAWRS - limited aviation weather reporting station

LLWAS - low level wind shear alert system

M - missing

RVR - runway visual range

RVRM - runway visual range midpoint

RVRR - runway visual range rollout

RVRT - runway visual range touchdown

SVC - services

T - temperature

TDWR - terminal Doppler weather radar

TWIP - terminal weather information for pilots

system

UNREL - unreliable

VIS - visibility

WND - wind

WSP - weather system processor

WX REP - weather report

Weather Reporting Equipment Commissioning orDecommissioning:

!XYZ 05/016 XYZ SVC AWOS-3 CMSN 120.5/717-435-6160

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's automated weatherobserving/reporting system (AWOS-3) is commissioned (CMSN),available on frequency 120.5 and telephone number 717-435-6160.

86


Weather Reporting Equipment Failure or Non-Availability:

!XYZ 08/003 XYZ SVC AWOS-3 ALSTG NOT AVBL

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's automated weatherobserving/reporting system (AWOS-3) altimeter setting (ALSTG) isnot available (NOT AVBL).

********************

!XYZ 11/003 XYZ SVC WX REP NOT AVBL

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's non-automated weatherreporting service (WX REP) provided by the FAA or the NationalWeather Service is not available (NOT AVBL).

AWOS Unreliable or Inaccurate Elements:

Note: An unreliable element of an automated weather report willbe contained in a disseminated weather report. The NOTAMreporting that element's unreliability must be noted to recognize theaffected element's lack of reliability.

!XYZ 01/004 XYZ SVC CIG/VIS UNREL

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's ceiling (CIG) and visibility(VIS) contained in the AWOS report are unreliable (UNREL).

********************

!XYZ 12/013 XYZ SVC T UNREL

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's temperature (T) contained inthe AWOS report is unreliable (UNREL).

87


AWOS or ASOS Broadcast Frequency Inoperative:

!XYZ 03/019 XYZ SVC ASOS 120.7 OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's automated surface observingsystem (ASOS) broadcast frequency 120.7 is out of service (OTS).

Microburst/Wind Shear Detection System:

!XYZ 09/012 XYZ SVC MICROBURST/WINDSHEAR DETECTIONSYSTEM OTS WEF 1109141200

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's Microburst/Wind ShearDetection System is out of service (OTS) effective from 1200 GMT onSeptember 14, 2011.

Terminal Doppler Weather RADAR:

!XYZ 09/007 XYZ SVC TDWR OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's terminal Doppler weatherRADAR (TDWR) is out of service (OTS).

Runway Visual Range:

!XYZ 02/016 XYZ SVC RVR OTS

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport's runway visual range (RVR)equipmentis out of service (OTS).

Note: Other runway visual range readings include:

RVRT - Runway visual range touchdown

RVRM - Runway visual range midpoint

RVRR - Runway visual range rollout

88

Airspace

Typical contractions associated with airspace NOTAMs include:

ACFT - aircraft

ACR - air carrier

ACT - active

ADZD - advised

AR - aerial refueling track

CAAS - Class A airspace

CARF - central altitude reservation function

CFR - code of federal regulations

COM - communications

CBAS - Class B airspace

CBSA - Class B surface area

CCAS - Class C airspace

CCSA - Class C surface area

CDAS - Class D airspace

CDSA - Class D surface area

CEAS - Class E airspace

CESA - Class E surface area

CGAS - Class G airspace

DMSTN - demonstration

HIBAL - high altitude balloon

HR(s) - hour(s)

INT - intersection

SKED - scheduled

NMR - nautical mile radius

NVG - night vision goggles

OPS - operation(s)

PJE - parachute jump exercise

R - restricted area

UAV - unmanned air vehicle

VIA - by way of

WX REP - weather report

89

Airspace

Parachute Jumping/Sky Diving (PJE)

!ABC 09/003 ABC AIRSPACE PJE 2 NMR ABC090015/XYZ5000/BLW WEF 0409121500-0409121600

Translated: Parachute jumping or sky diving (PJE) will occur within a2 nautical mile radius (2 NMR) of a point extending from the 090degree radial at distance of 15 miles from the ABC VOR (ABC090015). The parachute jump is over the Eckswhyzee Airport (XYZ).The parachutists will jump from 5000 feet MSL (5000/BLW) effectivefrom 1500 GMT on September 12 ,2004 until 1600 GMT onSeptember 12 ,2004.

Note: This parachute jump exercise (PJE) is referenced by theradial and distance from a VOR and is located over an airport.

********************

!ABC 07/005ABC AIRSPACE PJE 2 NMR XYZ180010 6000/BLWWEF 0407121300-0407121400

Translated: Parachute jumping or sky diving (PJE) will occur within a2 nautical mile radius (2 NMR) of a point extending from the 180degree radial at distance of 10 miles from the Eckswhyzee VOR(XYZ180010). The parachutists will jump from 6000 feet MSL(6000/BLW) effective from 1300 GMT on July 12, 2004 until 1400GMT on July 12, 2004.

Note: This parachute jump exercise (PJE) is referenced by theradial and distance from a VOR and is not located over an airport.

(More examples are continued on the next page)

90

Airspace

Parachute Jumping/Sky Diving (PJE) (con't)

!XYX 05/007 XYZ AIRSPACE PJE 3 NMR 8000/BLW WEF0405231600-0405231900

Translated: Parachute jumping or sky diving (PJE) will occur within a3 nautical mile radius (3 NMR) over the Eckswhyzee Airport. Theparachutists will jump from 8000 feet MSL (8000/BLW) effective from1600 GMT on May 23, 2004 until 1900 GMT on May 23, 2004.

Note: This parachute jump exercise (PJE) is located over anairport.

********************

!XYX 05/007 XYZ AIRSPACE PJE 30 SW 3 NMR 8000/BLW WEF0405231600-0405231900

Translated: Parachute jumping or sky diving (PJE) will occur 30nautical miles southwest (30 SW) of the Eckswhyzee Airport within a3 nautical mile radius (3 NMR). The parachutists will jump from 8000feet MSL (8000/BLW) effective from 1600 GMT on May 23, 2004 until1900 GMT on May 23, 2004.

Note: This parachute jump exercise (PJE) is referenced from anairport.

Aerobatic Aircraft and Areas:

!XYZ 06/017 XYZ AIRSPACE AEROBATIC ACFT 4500/BLW 5 NMRXYZ AVOIDANCE ADZD WEF 0406111400-0406111600

Translated: Aerobatic aircraft (ACFT) will be operating at an altitudeof 4500 feet MSL and below (4500/BLW) within a 5 nautical mileradius (5 NMR) of the Eckswhyzee Airport. Avoidance is advised(ADZD) effective from 1400 GMT on June 11, 2004 until 1600 GMTon June 11, 2004.

Note: The word "AREA" may be substituted for the word "ACFT"in some NOTAMs. Otherwise, the information given is identical.

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Unmanned (Model) Rocket Launches:

!XYZ 07/004 XYZ AIRSPACE UNMANNED ROCKET 3 NMRXYZ270016 FL250/BLW WEF 0407041600-0407042000

Translated: Unmanned rocket launch(es) will occur within a 3nautical mile radius (3 NMR) of a point extending from the 270 degreeradial at distance of 16 miles from the Eckswhyzee VOR (XYZ270016). The unmanned rocket(s) will travel as high as flight level250 (FL250/BLW) effective from 1600 GMT on July 4, 2004 until 2000GMT on July 4, 2004.

Note: Believe it or not, some model rockets built by enthusiastsare almost as big as telephone poles!

Hot Air Balloons:

!XYZ 08/005 XYZ AIRSPACE HOT AIR BALLOON 3 NMRXYZ180020 1500/BLW WEF 0408281000-0408281200

Translated: One or more hot air balloons will be airborne within a 3nautical mile radius (3 NMR) of a point extending from the 180 degreeradial at distance of 20 miles from the Eckswhyzee VOR (XYZ180020). The balloons will be floating as high as 1500 feet AGLeffective from 1000 GMT on August 28, 2004 until 1200 GMT onAugust 28, 2004.

Moored Balloons:

!XYZ 05/013 XYZ OBST MOORED BALLOON 1 NMR XYZ 360007615/BLW WEF 0405291200-0405292200

Translated: A balloon secured with a line (MOORED BALLOON) iscentered within a 1 nautical mile radius (1 NMR) of a point extendingfrom the 360 degree radial at distance of 7 miles from theEckswhyzee VOR (XYZ 360007). The balloon extends up to 615 feetAGL effective from 1200 GMT on May 29, 2004 until 2200 GMT onMay 29, 2004.

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Airspace

High Altitude Balloon (HIBAL):

!XYZ 06/008 XYZ AIRSPACE HIBAL 20 S E BND REACHING FL600TIL 0406142000

Translated: A high altitude balloon (HIBAL) will be released from apoint located 20 nautical miles south (20 S) of Eckswhyzee VOR. Itwill rise and be carried by the winds aloft in an easterly direction (EBND), reaching 60,000 feet standard pressure altitude (FL600) at2000 GMT on June 14, 2000.

Note: Notice that the "S" and the "E" are separated by a space.Don't confuse this with southeast. The release time is not given.

Restricted Areas:

!ABC 10/015 XYZ AIRSPACE R5802A/B ACT WEF 0410121200-0410122200

Translated: Located in the vicinity of the Eckswhyzee NAVAID,Restricted Areas R5802 Alpha and R5802 Bravo (R5802A/B) areactive (ACT) effective from 1200 GMT on October 12, 2004 until 2200GMT on October 12, 2004.

Note: NOTAM D's are issued for charted restricted areas that areactivated at times other than those listed on aeronautical charts.

Note: The nearest VOR/DME, VORTAC, or NDB will precede therestricted area identifier in the NOTAM. This will give an indication ofthe location of the restricted area so it may be located on anaeronautical chart.

Surface Area Hours of Operation:

!XYZ 05/004 XYZ AIRSPACE CESA HRS 0700-1800 DLY TIL0405301800

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Class E Surface Area (CESA) hours ofoperation (HRS) are from 0700 Local until 1800 Local (0700-1800)daily (DLY) until (TIL) 1800 Local on May 30, 2004.

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Airspace

Surface Area/Airspace Hours of Operation (con't):

!XYZ 09/007 XYZ AIRSPACE CDSA HRS 0600-1600 MON-FRI/0800-1700 SAT/0700-1800 SUN TIL 0409251800

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Class D Surface Area (CDSA) hours ofoperation (HRS) are 0600 from Local until 1600 Local (0600-1600)Monday thru Friday (MON-FRI), and from 0800 Local until 1700Local (0800-1700) Saturdays (SAT), and 0700 Local until 1800Local Sundays (SUN) until (TIL) 1800 Local on September 25, 2004.

Note: Hours of operation of surface areas are Local time.

Note: Changes in hours of operation of surface areas due toseasonal daylight changes are not issued as NOTAMs.

Note: The "CDSA" above is for illustration. The other surface areaand airspace designations are: CBSA, CBAS, CCSA, CCAS, CDAS,CESA, and CEAS

Temporary Loss of Communications Due to Hours Change ofSurface Area:

!ABC 07/012 XYZ AIRSPACE COM UNAVBL BLW 3000 0300-1200DLY TIL 0407201200

Translated: Eckswhyzee communications (COM) are unavailable(UNAVBL) below (BLW) 3000 feet AGL (3000) from 0300 GMTthrough 1200 GMT daily (DLY) until (TIL) 1200 GMT on July 20,2004.

Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS):Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV):

!XYZ 07/008 XYZ AIRSPACE UAS 10000-15000 WITHIN ANAREA BOUNDED BY EKN050010 ESL180015 ESL190025EKN160014 WEF 0807151200-0807151600

Translated: Unmanned aircraft systems (UAS) operating from 10,000to 15,000 feet MSL within the above fix/radial/DME defined areaeffective from 1200 GMT on July 15, 2008 until 1600 GMT on July 15,2008.

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Airspace

Airshows:

!XYZ 08/017 XYZ AD CLSD EXC SKED ACR/AIRSHOW ACFT10000/BLW 5 NMR XYZ AVOIDANCE ADZD WEF 0408121700-0408122200

Translated: The Eckswhyzee Airport (AD) is closed (CLSD) exceptfor scheduled air carrier aircraft (EXC SKED ACR) and airshowaircraft (ACFT), 10,000 feet MSL and below (10000/BLW), within a 5nautical mile radius (5 NMR) of the Eckswhyzee Airport. Avoidance isadvised (ADZD) effective from 1700 GMT on August 12, 2004 until2200 GMT on August 12, 2004.

Demonstration Aircraft:

!XYZ 08/016 XYZ AIRSPACE DMSTN ACFT 10000/BLW 5 NMRXYZ AVOIDANCE ADZD WEF 0408111700-0408112200

Translated: Demonstration aircraft (DMSTN ACFT) will operate10,000 feet and below (10000/BLW), within a 5 nautical mile radius (5NMR) of the Eckswhyzee Airport. Avoidance is advised (ADZD)effective from 1700 GMT on August 11, 2004 until 2200 GMT onAugust 11, 2004.

Note: Airshow NOTAMs and demonstration aircraft NOTAMs arefrequently clustered together covering events over a period of days.It takes an astute eye to thoroughly study and understand the datesand times of the various activities and restrictions associated withairshows. Read these NOTAMs very carefully!

Lights Out/Night Vision Goggle (NVG) Operations in MilitaryOperations Areas:

!XYZ 09/004 XYZ AIRSPACE LGTS OUT/NVG TRNG KIOWA MOA2000/BLW AVOIDANCE ADVISED WEF 0809140200-0809140300

Translated: Night vision goggle operations will be conducted in theKiowa Military Operations Area 2,000 feet MSL and below from 0200GMT until 0300 GMT on September 14, 2008.

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Airspace

Aerial Refueling:

!XYX 08/004 XYZ AIRSPACE AR118 ACT 0100-0400 DLY WEF0408140100-0408190400

Translated: In the vicinity of Eckswhyzee, aerial refueling track 118(AR118) is active (ACT) from 0100 GMT until 0400 GMT daily (DLY)effective from 0100 GMT on August 14, 2004 until 0400 GMT onAugust 19, 2004.

Note: These NOTAMs are issued for established aerial refuelingroutes published in the Military Flight Information Publication (MilitaryFLIP).

Airspace and Altitude Reservations (CARF):

!CARF ZNY AIRSPACE STATIONARY AIRSPACE RESERVATIONWITHIN 50 NM RADIUS ETX 360030 6500-FL250 WEF0406121400-0406121600

Translated: Central altitude reservation function (CARF), in NewYork Center (ZNY) airspace will occur within a 50 nautical mile (50NM) radius of a point centered off the East Texas (ETX) 360 degreeradial at a distance of 30 nautical miles. The base altitude is 6,500feet MSL, and the upper limit altitude is flight level 250 (6500-FL250).

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Airspace

Airspace and Altitude Reservations (CARF) (con't):

The airspace reservation is in effect from 1400 GMT on June 12,2004 until 1600 GMT on June 12, 2004.

Note: CARF NOTAMs are issued by the United States NotamOffice (USNOF).

Missile Firing and Offshore Airspace Reservations:

A008/04 NOTAMN A) KZOA B) 0403240351 C) 0403240455 E) THAT WATER OPERATIONS WILL BE CONDUCTED WITHINTHE FOLLOWING AREAS: KZOA 3411N12456W 3451N12322W 3426N12319W 3417N12453W PHZH 3040N14545W 3054N14453W 3037N14447W 3023N14539W IN THE INTEREST OF SAFETY ALL NONPARTICIPATING PILOTS ARE STRONGLY ADVISED TO AVOID THE ABOVE AREAS. IFR TRAFFIC UNDER ATC JURISDICTION SHOULD ANTICIPATE REROUTING IN VICINITY OF IMPACTS. F) SFC G) UNL

Note: The above is transmitted as an international NOTAM.

Explanation:

A008/04 - This is the eighth NOTAM issued in the year 2004 for thisaffected location.

NOTAMN - This is a new NOTAM, indicated by the "N" immediatelyfollowing the word "NOTAM".

A) KZOA - This NOTAM is for the affected location of Oakland Center (ARTCC).

B) 0403240351 - The beginning time.

C) 0403240455 - The ending time.

(Continued on the next page)

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Missile Firing and Offshore Airspace Rsvns (con't):

D) - The letter "D" is not used.

E) - This is the description of the missile firing or airspace reservation,giving latitudes/longitudes and/or navaid fixes.

F) SFC - This is the base altitude, in this case, the surface (SFC).

G) UNL - This is the upper altitude limit, in this case, unlimited (UNL).

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FDC NOTAMs and TFRs

Typical contractions associated with FDC NOTAMs include:

ADIZ - Air Defense Identification Zone

AMDT - amendment

CFR - Code of Federal Regulations

CHART - chart

CNL - cancel/cancelled

DATA - data

FDC - Flight Data Center

FI/P - flight information, permanent

FI/T - flight information, temporary

FRZ - flight restricted zone

IAP - Instrument Approach Procedure

ODP - Obstacle Departure Procedure

PROC NA - procedure not authorized

ROUTE - route

SCAT - security control of air traffic

SCATANA - security control of air traffic and air

navigation aids

SFC - surface

SPECIAL - special

SIAP - Standard Instrument Approach Procedure

SID - Standard Instrument Departure

STAR - Standard Terminal Arrival

UFN - until further notice

UNL - unlimited

VFP - Visual Flight Procedure

WIE - effective immediately/with immediate

effect

ZZZ - identifier for an urgent special data

NOTAM

Interim IFR Flight Procedures:

When revisions to airways, SIDs and STARs cannot be published inadvance of their effective dates, they are issued as FDC NOTAMs.

FDC NOTAM keywords include: ODP, SID, STAR, CHART, DATA,IAP, VFP, ROUTE, and SPECIAL. They immediately follow the FDCNOTAM FI/T or FI/P designator.

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FDC NOTAMs and TFRs

ARTCC contractions associated with FDC NOTAMs include:

ZAB - Albuquerque Center - ARTCC

ZAN - Anchorage Center - ARTCC

ZAU - Chicago Center - ARTCC

ZBW - Boston Center - ARTCC

ZDC - Washington Center - ARTCC

ZDV - Denver Center - ARTCC

ZFW - Fort Worth Center - ARTCC

ZHU - Houston Center - ARTCC

ZID - Indianapolis Center - ARTCC

ZJX - Jacksonville Center - ARTCC

ZKC - Kansas City Center - ARTCC

ZLA - Los Angeles Center - ARTCC

ZLC - Salt Lake City Center - ARTCC

ZMA - Miami Center - ARTCC

ZME - Memphis Center - ARTCC

ZMP - Minneapolis Center - ARTCC

ZNY - New York Center - ARTCC

ZOA - Oakland Center - ARTCC

ZOB - Cleveland Center - ARTCC

ZSE - Seattle Center - ARTCC

ZTL - Atlanta Center – ARTCC

99-A

FDC NOTAMs and TFRs

An FDC NOTAM pertains to flight information that is normallyregulatory in nature that includes the following:

Interim IFR flight procedures, either temporary (FI/T)or permanent (FI/P), such as:

1. Route structure changes.

2. Instrument flight procedure changes such as SIDs, STARs and ODPs (Obstacle Departure Procedures).

3. Airspace changes in general.

Temporary flight restrictions (TFRs), such as:

1. Closed or restricted airspace due to security concerns.

2. Disaster areas.

3. Special events generating a high degree of interest.

4. Hijacking.

Flight restrictions in the proximity of the President and other parties.

Certain airport condition changes.

Snow conditions affecting glide slope operation.

Air defense emergencies.

Emergency flight rules.

Substitute airway routes.

Special data.

U.S. Government charting corrections.

Laser light activity.

FDC NOTAMs are numbered consecutively beginning with 0001each year. The year of issuance and the serial number are separatedby a slant.

Example: !FDC 4/0342

Translated: The 342nd FDC NOTAM issued in year 2004.

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FDC NOTAMs and TFRs

Airway Change - Interim IFR Flight Procedure:

!FDC 4/0342 ZKC OK.. FI/T ROUTE ZFW ZKC V140 SAYRE (SYO)VORTAC, OK TO TULSA (TUL) VORTAC, OK MEA 4300.

Translated: This is the 342nd FDC NOTAM issued for the year 2004(4/0342). This is temporary flight information (FI/T). The affectedlocations are Kansas City Center (ZKC) and the State of Oklahoma(OK). The affected route is within the boundries of Fort Worth Center(ZFW) and Kansas City Center (ZKC). Victor 140 (V140) from SayerVORTAC (SYO), in Oklahoma (OK), to Tulsa VORTAC (TUL), inOklahoma (OK), has a minimum enroute altitude of 4300 feet MSL(MEA 4300).

Note: Airway changes involving two to three ARTCCs and multiplestates will be issued under each ARTCC's location identifier. As aresult, the same FDC NOTAM text describing the airway change willbe issued two to three times.

Note: Airway changes involving four or more ARTCCs will beissued using "FDC" as the affected location. Therefore, only oneFDC NOTAM is issued.

Standard Instrument Approach Procedure (SIAP) - Interim IFRFlight Procedure:

!FDC 4/0643 UNV FI/T IAP UNIVERSITY PARK, PA. VOR-A AMDT 3... PROC NA

Translated: This is the 643rd FDC NOTAM issued for the year 2004(4/0643). The affected location is the University Park Airport (UNV).This is temporary flight information (FI/T). The VOR-A instrumentapproach, amendment 3 (AMDT 3) procedure is not authorized(PROC NA).

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FDC NOTAMs and TFRs

The following examples illustrate other typical FDC NOTAMs. Forthe most part, the text contained in each NOTAM is self explanatory.Refer to the NOTAM Contractions listed on pages 9 through 17, ifneeded for any decoding.

Snow Conditions Affecting Glide Slope Operation:

FDC 4/1436 IPT FI/T WILLIAMSPORT REGIONAL ILS RWY 27...DUE TO EFFECTS OF SNOW ON GLIDE SLOPE. MINIMUMSTEMPORARILY RAISED TO LOCALIZER ONLY FOR ALLCATEGORY AIRCRAFT. GLIDE SLOPE REMAINS IN SERVICE;HOWEVER, ANGLE MAY BE DIFFERENT THAN PUBLISHED.

Note: Snow and ice accumulation in the vicinity of glide slopeantennas may affect glide slope performance, requiring restrictions toILS landing minimums.

Laser Light Activity:

FDC 4/0102 - PA.. LASER LIGHT DEMONSTRATION WILL BECONDUCTED AT THE MILLERSVILLE UNIVERSITY RESEARCHSITE, 9 MILES SOUTHWEST OF THE LANCASTER AIRPORT INMILLERSVILLE, PENNSYLVANIA AT 58,000 FEET AMSL.395926N/0762310W AND THE LANCASTER /LRP/ VORTAC 221DEGREE RADIAL AT 9.1 NAUTICAL MILES. WEF 0401060500 UTC- 0402160500 UTC. THIS IS A VERTICAL LASER. LASER LIGHTBEAM MAY BE INJURIOUS TO PILOTS''/PASSENGERS''EYES AT58,000 FEET AMSL VERTICALLY OF THE LIGHT SOURCE.FLASH BLINDNESS OR COCKPIT ILLUMINATION MAY OCCURBEYOND THESE DISTANCES. THE HARRISBURG CONTROLTOWER,717-948-2697, IS THE FAA COORDINATION FACILITY.WIE UNTIL UFN

Air Defense Emergency:

AIR DEFENSE EMERGENCY DECLARED THROUGHOUT THEUNITED STATES AND POSSESSIONS. SCATANA HAS BEENIMPLEMENTED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE PLAN FOR THESECURITY CONTROL OF AIR TRAFFIC AND AIR NAVIGATIONAIDS (SCATANA). UNTIL FURTHER ADVISED, NO AIRCRAFTWILL BE ALLOWED TO OPERATE WITHIN THE AIRSPACEOVERLYING THE FOLLOWING AREAS: ....

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FDC NOTAMs and TFRs

Air Defense Emergency (con't):

In the unlikely event an air defense emergency is declared, an FDCNOTAM will be issued specifying:

a. The emergency declared.

b. The geographical areas affected.

c. The security control of air traffic (SCAT) rules in effect.

d. The applicable portion(s) of the "Wartime Air Traffic Priority List for Movement of Aircraft.“

Temporary Flight Restrictions:

TFRs can be considered no-fly zones for most aircraft. Theytemporarily prohibit flight over certain areas and are disseminated byFDC NOTAM.

After the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 numerous TFRshave been established for security reasons. Pilots must check allNOTAMs during flight planning. During this national emergency,TFRs are changing and new ones are being created frequently.

The TFR NOTAM will begin with the phrase "FLIGHTRESTRICTIONS" followed by:

The location of the TFR area.

The effective period.

The defined area.

The altitudes affected.

The FAA coordination facility and commercial telephone number.

The reason for the temporary flight restrictions.

The agency directing any relief activities and its commercial telephone number.

Any other information considered appropriate by the issuing authority.

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FDC NOTAMs and TFRs

Temporary Flight Restrictions (con't):

A TFR restricts or prohibits air traffic operations due to a real orperceived hazard or condition.

A TFR temporarily restricts or prohibits flight over a specifiedarea, such as:

For national security purposes

Presidential or vice-presidential "no fly zones"

Sports stadiums

Disaster relief areas, such as floods, earthquakes, and volcanoes

Fire fighting operations

Aircraft accident sites

Toxic gas leaks or spills

Nuclear accidents or incidents

Rescue operations

Department of Defense (DOD) Operations

The purpose in designating an area as a TFR is to:

Protect persons and property on the surface.

Provide a safe environment for disaster relief aircraft operations.

Prevent unsafe congestion of sightseeing aircraft above an event of high public interest.

TFRs:

Are not depicted on aeronautical charts.

Are usually short term in duration.

Can appear, disappear, or change almost daily.

Are disseminated as FDC NOTAMS, explaining:

Where the TFR is located.

How big it is, usually in terms of a radius.

How high it extends in altitude.

How long it is expected to remain in effect.

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FDC NOTAMs and TFRs


TFR information is available from:

a. Flight Service Station weather briefings (1-800-WXBRIEF, up to the minute status) Always note the date and time you called as proof you received all available TFR information. If you experience an incursion into a TFR, recordings of briefings are maintained for 15 days. Request a transcript of your briefing.

b. DUATS (Up to the minute status).

c. AOPA Online - unofficial information that may not be have to the minute TFR information.

d. Other unofficial websites that may not be timely.

It is the pilot's responsibility to avoid flight into TFRs. Inadvertentlyentering a TFR may result in:

Law enforcement officials greeting you upon your landing. Suspension of your pilot certificate. Interception by military aircraft. If intercepted by military aircraft, follow the procedures listed in the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM), Section 6, Para 5-6-2, Tables 5-6-1 & 5-6-2.

Even though a pilot may be completely familiar with all TFRinformation pertinent to a route of flight, incursions may still resultfrom:

a. The issuance or change of a TFR after receiving a weather briefing.

b. Pilots misled by air traffic controllers:

Even though ATC helps pilots to avoid TFRs as much as possible,VFR vectors followed by radar service termination may mislead a pilotinto continued flight on the last assigned vector into a TFR.Therefore, always maintain positional awareness when flying in thevicinity of a TFR. Do not blindly rely on ATC to keep you out of TFRs.Refer to your charts throughout your flight.

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FDC NOTAMs and TFRs


Certain aircraft may be authorized entry into a TFR:

Aircraft operating under an IFR flight plan.

Aircraft participating in relief operations.

Aircraft carrying law enforcement personnel.

Aircraft carrying accredited news officials.

Aircraft operating to or from airports located within the TFR - with prior authorization.

To protect yourself from inadvertent entry into a TFR:

Call Flight Service for a weather briefing and ask for NOTAMS andTFR information.

After receiving TFR information either from Flight Service orDUATS, refer to your charts to determine if the plotted TFR ispertinent to your proposed route of flight.

Discuss TFRs with Flight Service briefers and your fellow pilots tobetter understand them.

If you receive a pilot weather briefing from Flight Service, recordthe date, time, and name of the Flight Service station you receivedyour briefing from. The recording of your of your briefing can then betranscribed if you violate a TFR and you believe that you were notinformed about the TFR by the pilot weather briefer.

Besides the national security TFRs issued since September 11,2001, other reasons for issuing TFRs include toxic gas/fuel/nuclearspills, rescue or firefighting operations, possible volcanic eruptions orhijackings, and Department of Defense (DOD) operations.

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FDC NOTAMs and TFRs


Two national security TFRs to always keep in mind are:

X/XXXX - ... SPECIAL NOTICE ... FLIGHT RESTRICTIONSEFFECTIVE IMMEDIATELY UNTIL FURTHER NOTICE, PURSUANTTO 14 CFR 99.7, SPECIAL SECURITY INSTRUCTIONS,OPERATIONS WITHIN THE TERRITORIAL AIRSPACE OF THEU.S. THIS IS A RESTATEMENT OF A PREVIOUS ADVISORY.PILOTS ARE ADVISED TO AVOID THE AIRSPACE ABOVE, OR INPROXIMITY TO, SITES SUCH AS NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS,POWER PLANTS, DAMS, REFINERIES, INDUSTRIALCOMPLEXES, MILITARY FACILITIES AND OTHER SIMILARFACILITIES. PILOT SHOULD NOT CIRCLE AS TO LOITER IN THEVICINITY OF SUCH FACILITIES. WIE UNTIL UFN

X/XXXX - ...SPECIAL NOTICE... FLIGHT RESTRICTIONS.PURSUANT TO 14 CFR SECTION 99.7, SPECIAL SECURITYINSTRUCTIONS, PILOTS CONDUCTING FLIGHT OPERATIONSWITHIN THE TERRITORIAL AIRSPACE OF THE U.S. AREADVISED TO AVOID THE AIRSPACE ABOVE OR IN PROXIMITYTO ALL NUCLEAR POWER PLANTS. PILOTS SHOULD NOTCIRCLE OR LOITER IN THE VICINITY OF SUCH FACILITIES.PILOTS WHO DO SO CAN EXPECT TO BE INTERVIEWED BYLAW ENFORCEMENT PERSONNEL AT THEIR DESTINATIONAIRPORT AND THE PILOT''S NAME MAY BE ADDED TO THETRANSPORTATION SECURITY ADMINISTRATION (TSA INCIDENTREPORTING SYSTEM. WIE UNTIL UFN

In the below FDC NOTAM example, which is a TFR, take specialnote of the phrase, "TITLE 14, SECTION 91.141 OF THE CODE OFFEDERAL REGULATIONS." The TITLE 14, SECTION 91.141 is ared flag that this is a TFR concerning the President or Vice Presidentof the United States. Read these TFR FDC NOTAMs very carefully.

FDC X/XXXX ZFW TX.. FLIGHT RESTRICTIONS WACO, TEXAS,JANUARY 1, 2008 LOCAL. PURSUANT TO TITLE 14, SECTION91.141 OF THE CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS, AIRCRAFTFLIGHT OPERATIONS ARE PROHIBITED WITHIN THEFOLLOWING AREA(S) UNLESS OTHERWISE AUTHORIZED BYATC. 3.0 NMR BLW 3000 FEET AGL OF 313816N/970427W ORTHE ACT089010.0 FROM....

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Wide Area Augmentation Systemand

Global Positioning System(WAAS and GPS)

Typical contractions associated with WAAS and GPS include:

APV - approaches with vertical guidance

GBT - Ground Based Transceiver

GLS - GNSS Landing System

GNSS - Global Navigation Satellite System

GPS - Global Positioning System

LAAS - Local Area Augmentation System

LGF - LAAS ground facility

LNAV - Lateral Navigation

LORAN - Long Range Navigation

LPV - vertical approach minima

MNM - minima

NA - Alternate Minimums Not Authorized

NAS - National Airspace System

NAV - navigation

PRN - global position system random noise number

PVT - Position, Velocity, and Time

RAIM - Receiver Autonomous Integrity Monitoring

RNAV - Area Navigation

RR - Reference Receiver

SBAS - Satellite-Based Augmentation Systems

SVM - Service Volume Model

UNREL - unreliable

VDB - Very High Frequency Data Broadcast

VHF - Very High Frequency

VNAV - Vertical Navigation

WAAS - Wide Area Augmentation System

WMS - WAAS Master Station

WRS - Wide Area Reference Stations

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WAAS and GPS

The Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS) is a GPS basednavigation and landing system that provides precision guidance toaircraft at thousands of airports and airstrips where no precisionlanding capability currently exists.

Used for both IFR and VFR navigation, WAAS improves theavailability and accuracy of GPS standard positioning service. WAASavionics can be used for all phases of flight, including approacheswith vertical guidance. WAAS will eventually cover most of theNational Airspace System (NAS).

WAAS NOTAMs - Site Specific / Unreliable:

WAAS site specific NOTAMs are issued when the WAAS SVM*predicts vertical and/or lateral availability for an airport will not beavailable.

*A predictive model of WAAS determines service availability andareas expected to experience outages. This model, used to generateWAAS outage information and format this information as NOTAMs, isreferred to as the WAAS Service Volume Model (SVM).

Site specific WAAS NOTAMs will use the word “UNRELIABLE”.

Example:

!OSH 05/016 OSH NAV WAAS LPV AND LNAV/VNAV MNM UNRELWEF 0305231700 – 0305231930

Translation: The LPV and LNAV/VNAV minimums for RNAVapproaches at Oshkosh are predicted to be unreliable for WAASequipped aircraft.

Note: WAAS UNRELIABLE NOTAMs are predictive in natureand published for flight planning purposes.

Site-specific WAAS UNRELIABLE NOTAMs indicate an expectedlevel of service, for instance, LNAV/VNAV or LPV may not beavailable.

In flight, Air Traffic Control will not advise pilots of WAASUNRELIABLE NOTAMs.

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WAAS and GPS

WAAS NOTAMs (Con't):

WAAS NOTAMs - Area Wide / Unavailable:

WAAS area wide NOTAMs are issued when WAAS assets are outof service and will contain the term “UNAVAILABLE.”

However, they may also be issued when the WAAS vertical and/orlateral availability for a large area is predicted to be “Unreliable.”

Area wide WAAS UNAVAILABLE NOTAMs may also be issued ifall airports with RNAV approaches within a center’s boundary do nothave WAAS availability.

Examples:

!KFDC KFDC NAV WAAS ATLANTIC STAELLITE UNAVBL, WAASLPV AND LNAV/VNAV MNM UNAVBL EAST OF 110 DEGREEWEST LONGITUDE FOR CONUS AND PUERTO RICOWEF 0810281400

Translated: This indicates the WAAS Atlantic Ocean Region WestGeostationary Satellite serving the Eastern part of the United Statesbeing out of service.

!08/0264 FDC ZDC NAV WAAS LPV AND LNAV/VNAV MNMUNREL WEF 0806231200-0806231400

Translated: This indicates the WAAS vertical guidance LPV andLNAV/VNAV for all airports with RNAV approaches in the WashingtonCenter airspace are predicted to be unreliable from 1200 GMT until1400 GMT on June 23, 2008.

In flight, Air Traffic Control will advise pilots requesting a GPS orRNAV (GPS) approach of WAAS UNAVAILABLE NOTAMs if notcontained in the ATIS broadcast.

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WAAS and GPS

GPS NOTAMs:

A print-out of GPS NOTAMs does not present fully usable data fora flight. More information is required.

Example:

GPS GPS NAV PRN 14 OTS

Translated: Satellite # 14 is out of service.

GPS GPS NAV PRN 24 OTS WEF 0406131945-0406140745

Translated: Satellite # 24 is out of service at 1945 GMT on June 13,2004 until 0745 GMT on June 14, 2004.

Flight service stations have access to RAIM Availability Predictiondata that allows for specific airport-area signal determination basedupon satellite movements or outages in the GPS NOTAM. Pilots cancall flight service for this RAIM data concerning GPS NOTAMs foreach flight.

RAIM information will usually be provided referencing a two-hourperiod. That being an hour before and an hour after your proposedETA - or for a 24-hour time frame at a particular airport. This sameinformation is available for a GPS departure procedure.

Asking flight service to look at their RAIM data would reveal thespecific airports at which GPS approaches are unusable for specificperiods of time due to these satellites being out of service.

Ground Based Transceiver (GBT):

Ground Based Transceivers are linked to ARTCCs via geo-stationary satellite instantly retransmitting signals of various data,such as air traffic positions and weather. When a Ground BasedTransceiver is out of service for more than 30 minutes, a NOTAM isissued with the three-letter identifier of the NOTAM being the locationof the Ground Based Transceiver.

Example:

!BET 05/003 BET NAV GBT OTS WEF 0805141200-0805141600

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