JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI ......bihana imbibi na Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Imyaka ya...

REPUBULIKA Y’U RWANDA

Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya JenosideCommission Nationale de Lutte contre le Genocide

The National Commission for the Fight against Genocide

(CNLG)

JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA

CYANGUGU

(Kigali 2019)

P.O. Box 7035, Kigali-Rwanda Hotline: 3560E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.cnlg.gov.rw

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA

YA CYANGUGU

Kigali, 2019


IJAMBO RY’IBANZE

Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside (CNLG) iteganywa mu Itegekonshinga rya Repubulika y’u Rwanda ryo muri 2003 ryavuguruwe muri 2015 mu ngingo yaryo y’i 139. Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside ni Urwego rwigenga rushinzwe kurwanya Jenoside n’ingengabitekerezo yayo.

Gukora ubushakashatsi kuri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi biri mu nshingano za Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside nk’uko biteganywa mu ngingo ya 2 y’Itegeko No 09/2007 ryo ku wa 16/02/2007 rigena inshingano, imiterere n’imikorere bya Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside. Hashingiwe ku biteganywa muri iryo tegeko, CNLG yatangiye ubushakashatsi bwibanda ku kwandika amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu zahoze ari Perefegitura z’u Rwanda mu 1994, hagaragazwa ibimenyetso byerekana itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside, ingaruka zayo ku gihugu muri rusange no ku bacitse ku icumu by’umwihariko, imiterere y’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’ingamba zo kuyirwanya. Kwandika amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bigamije kugaragaza ukuri no kubungabunga ibimenyetso byayo, duharanira ko Jenoside itazongera kubaho. Ni imwe kandi mu ntwaro zo kurwanya abayihakana n’abayipfobya, bikanakoma mu nkokora abagifite ingengabitekerezo yayo.

Mu bushakashatsi bwakozwe kuri za jenoside zabaye ku isi, hagaragajwe ko kugira ngo Jenoside ishoboke igomba kuba ishyigikiwe na Leta. Leta igira umugambi n’ubushake bisesuye (intention) byo gutsemba igice cy’abaturage bayo kandi ikanabishyira mu bikorwa.

Nk’uko bisobanurwa n’Amasezerano y’Umuryango w’Abi-bumbye ahana akanakumira icyaha cya jenoside, yemejwe ku itariki ya 9 Ukuboza 1948, agashyirwa mu bikorwa kuva ku itariki ya 12 Mutarama 1951, ingingo yayo ya 2 ivuga ko “Jenoside bivuga kimwe mu bikorwa bikurikira gikozwe hagamijwe kurimbura abantu bose, cyangwa igice cyabo, bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ku bwoko, ku ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa ku idini:

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a) Kwica abantu bagize itsinda runaka;b) Gutera abantu bagize itsinda runaka ububabare bubazahaza

umubiri cyangwa mu mitekerereze;c) Gushyira ku bushake abo bantu mu nzitane z’ubuzima

zishobora gutuma bose cyangwa igice cyabo barimbuka;d) Gushyiraho ingamba zigamije kubabuza kubyara;e) Kwambura iryo tsinda abana baryo bagahabwa irindi

ridafite aho bahuriye”.1

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda ni iya 3 yemewe n’Umuryango w’Abibumbye mu kinyejana cya 20, nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abayahudi yabaye hagati ya 1940-1945, igahitana ababarirwa hagati ya miliyoni eshanu (5.000.000) na miliyoni esheshatu (6.000.000). Hagati ya 1992 na 1995 habaye indi Jenoside muri Bosiniya yahitanye Abayisiramu ibihumbi mirongo itatu na bitanu (35.000), ikozwe na Leta ya Seribiya.

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda yateguwe n’inzego z’ubuyobozi bukuru bwa Leta, yifashisha inzego zayo zitandukanye zirimo iza gisirikare, inzego za gisivili, inzego z’ibanze (Perefegitura, Superefegitura, Komini, Segiteri na Serire), itangazamakuru, amashyaka ya politiki, amadini n’urubyiruko.

N’ubwo ariko Jenoside yateguwe ku rwego rw’igihugu, hari umwihariko wa buri perefegitura. Ni muri urwo rwego CNLG yakoze ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ku buryo bucukumbuye itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

Ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bugaragaza ko Abatutsi bagiye batotezwa, bicwa, bavutswa uburenganzira kuva mu 1959. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefe-gitura ya Cyangugu bwafashe intera ikomeye mu 1963. Mu mpera z’uwo mwaka hishwe Abatutsi benshi ku mabwiriza ya Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Ngirabatware Pascal bitaga « Gahini », akaba yarakomokaga i Hanika mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamasheke.

1 United Nation Convention on the Prevention and Punishmenent of the Crimes of Genocide (UNCPPCG), 1948, article 2.

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Mu 1973, Abatutsi bongeye kwibasirwa, birukanwa mu kazi no mu mashuri, abenshi barameneshwa bahungira mu bihugu bihana imbibi na Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Imyaka ya 1963-1964 na 1973 ni imyaka itazibagirana mu mibereho y’Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kubera kwicwa, kwirukanwa mu mashuri no mu kazi, kwamburwa ibyabo n’ibindi.

Kuva mu Ukwakira 1990, ubwo RPF-Inkotanyi yatangizaga urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, Abatutsi baratotejwe cyane, bakorerwa ibikorwa by’urugomo, abenshi bafungwa bababeshyera ko ari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. Kuva ubwo, hatangiye mu buryo bweruye ibikorwa byo gutegura Jenoside. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko mu kunoza uwo mugambi habaye inyigisho zishishikariza Abahutu kwanga Abatutsi, kubatesha agaciro no kubakorera ibikorwa by’urugomo rwa hato na hato, guha abasivili imyitozo igamije kubashora mu bwicanyi, gutanga imbunda mu baturage no mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare n’ibindi, ku buryo byageze mu 1994 imyiteguro yose yaramaze kunozwa, hasigaye gusa gutanga amabwiriza y’itangizwa rya Jenoside.

Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi ko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ifite umwihariko harimo :

- Kuba Jenoside yaramaze igihe kirekire (kugera mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Kanama 1994);

- Kuba Interahamwe zarakurikiranaga Abatutsi aho bahungiye hose kugera no mu bihugu by’ibituranyi (muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo no mu Burundi) zikabicirayo “Génocide au-delà des frontières”, abandi zikabagarura zikabicira mu Rwanda;

- Kuba amazi akikije Perefegitura ya Cyangugu (Ikiyaga cya Kivu, umugezi wa Rusizi, umugezi wa Ruhwa, umugezi wa Rubyiro n’umugezi wa Kirimbi) yarabereye imbogamizi abashakaga guhunga maze atuma Interahamwe zihicira benshi;

- Kuba Cyangugu yarabaye inzira y’Interahamwe zahungiraga muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ziturutse hirya no hino mu gihugu, ari na ko bagenda bica Abatutsi bakiriho;

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- Kuba Abatutsi barishwe ingabo z’Abafaransa zari muri “Opération Turquoise” zirebera kandi byari byemejwe n’Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe Umute-kano ku isi ko baje mu bikorwa by’ubutabazi ku bari mu kaga;

- Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ifite kandi umwihariko wo guturana n’igihugu cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (DRC) cyabaye indiri y’Interahamwe zitahwemye gukomeza kwimakaza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’amacakubiri ashingiye ku moko, ingaruka zayo zikagera mu buryo bworoshye ku baturage ba Cyangugu.

Iki gitabo kigaragaza kandi imyitwarire y’Ingabo z’Abafa-ransa zari muri “Opération Turquoise” mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kuva muri Kamena 1994. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza uburyo abo basirikare bakoranye bya hafi n’Interahamwe zicaga Abatutsi, ahenshi ubwicanyi bugakorwa barebera, aho banyuze kuri bariyeri Interahamwe ziciragaho Abatutsi bakazamura ibiganza bagaragaza ko babashyigikiye. Abo basirikare baranzwe kandi no gufata ku ngufu abari n’abategarugori bari bahungiye mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi n’ahandi.

Muri rusange Abafaransa ntibari bazanywe no kurengera Abatutsi bicwaga muri Jenoside, bari bazanywe no guhagarika umuvuduko w’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi kuko byari bimaze kugaragara ko zirimo gutsinda ingabo za FAR ari na ko barokora Abatutsi bicwaga muri Jenoside. Kuba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari mu gice cyagizwe “Zone Humanitaire Sûre (ZHS)” cyagenzurwaga n’ingabo z’Abafaransa zari muri “Opération Turquoise” hamwe na Leta yateguye ikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside, igice kitagombaga kuberamo imirwano, byahaye abicanyi umwanya uhagije wo kwica Abatutsi nta cyo bikanga.

Ingabo z’Abafaransa zimaze kubona ko Leta n’ingabo baje gufasha urugamba batsinzwe, bafashije Interahamwe n’ingabo za FAR guhungira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo kuva muri Nyakanga 1994.

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Muri Kanama 1994, abasirikare b’Abafaransa na bo bavuye muri Cyangugu, banyura muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo aho bongeye kubonana n’ingabo zari iza FAR n’Interahamwe, babongera ibikoresho, maze batangira gutegura bushya umugambi wo gutera u Rwanda. Umugambi wabo ariko ntiwashyizwe mu bikorwa kuko n’aho byageragejwe muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, Interahamwe zaneshejwe rugikubita.

Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside ishimira abatanze amakuru muri ubu bushakashatsi n’Inzego za Leta zafashije mu kubona inyandiko “Archives” zifashishijwe.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwakozwe n’umushakashatsi wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside Bwana NIKUZE Donatien, buyobowe n’Umuyobozi Mukuru w’Ikigo cy’Ubushakashatsi n’Ububikoshakiro kuri Jenoside Dr GASANABO Jean-Damascène.

Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa CNLG Dr BIZIMANA Jean Damascène yatanze inama n’umurongo ngenderwaho mu mikorere y’ubushakashatsi kandi afasha mu kubukosora no kubunoza.

Dr. BIZIMANA Jean Damascène Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa

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AMAGAMBO AHINNYE YAKORESHEJWE

ADL : Association pour la Défense des Droits de la Personne et des Libertés Publiques ADEPR : Association des Eglises Pentecôte au Rwanda.APPEMI : Association des Parents pour la Promotion et l’Education à Mibirizi.APROSOMA: Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse. ARDHO : Association Rwandaise pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme BEM : Brevet d’Etat-MajorGD : GendarmeCDR : Coalition pour la Défense de la RépubliqueCND : Conseil National de DéveloppementCEA : Communauté Economique AfricaineCERAI : Centre d’Enseignement Rural et Artisanal IntégréCICR : Comité International de la Croix-RougeCIMERWA : Rwanda Cement Manufacturing CompanyCNUR : Commission Nationale pour l’Unité et la RéconciliationDRC : Democratic Republic of the CongoEAM : Ecole d’Assistance MédicaleEAV : Ecole Agricole et VétérinaireENG : Ecole Normale de GitegaESM : Ecole Supérieure MilitaireFARG : Fond d’Assistance aux Réscapés du GénocideFAR : Forces Armées RwandaisesFRELIMO : Mozambique Liberation FrontFRODEBU : Front pour la Démocratie au BurundiFRONASA : Front for National SalvationUNHCR : United Nations High Commissioner for RefugeesFPR : Front Patriotique RwandaisMDR : Mouvement Démocratique RépublicainMDPR : Mouvement Démocratique du Peuple pour la Réconciliation MLS : Mission Libre Suédoise

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MINUAR : Mission des Nations Unies pour l’Assistance au RwandaMRND : Mouvement Révolutionnaire National pour le DéveloppementNRA : National Resistance ArmyONATRACOM: Office National de Transports en CommunOPJ : Officiers de Police JudiciaireONU : Organisation des Nations Unies OUA : Organisation de l’Unité Africaine PARMEHUTU: Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu PL : Parti LibéralPDC : Parti Démocrate ChrétienPDI : Parti Démocrate IslamiquePSD : Parti Social DémocrateRADER : Rassemblement Démocratique Rwandais RPA : Rwanda Patriotic ArmyRTD : Rassemblement des Travailleurs DémocratesRTLM : Radio- Télévision Libre des Mille collinesSTIR : Société de Transports Internationaux au Rwanda TPIR : Tribunal Pénal International pour le RwandaTTC : Teacher Training CollegeUNAR : Union Nationale RwandaiseUNESCO : United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNINTERCOKI : Union des Intérêts Communs du Kinyaga/

Ubumwe bw’abasangiye inyungu bo mu Kinyaga

UNLA : Uganda National Liberation ArmyZHS : Zone Humanitaire Sûre

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ISHAKIRO

IJAMBO RY’IBANZE...................................................................i

AMAGAMBO AHINNYE YAKORESHEJWE..................................vi

ISHAKIRO............................................................................. viii

IRIBURIRO............................................................................... 1

UBURYO BWAKORESHEJWE MU BUSHAKASHATSI...................6

IGICE CYA MBERE: PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU.................81.1. Amavu n’amavuko ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu .....................81.2. Imiterere ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu 1994.....................111.2.1. Imbibi za Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.....................................111.2.2. Ikarita ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu....................................121.2.3. Superefegitura na komini byari bigize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu......131.2.4. Segiteri zari zigize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu........................131.3. Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi...151.4. Abayobozi ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.................................................. 161.4.1. Abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa perefegitura na superefegitura..161.4.2. Abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa komini......................................171.4.3. Abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa segiteri..................................... 261.5. Abayobozi bakuru mu nzego z’igihugu bakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.................................................261.5.1. Abayobozi bakuru...............................................................271.5.2. Abadepite............................................................................301.6. Abanyapolitiki bazwi ku rwego rw’igihugu..............................311.7. Abayobozi mu nzego za gisirikare...........................................311.8. Imibanire y’Abanyarwanda mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu..341.8.1. Mbere y’Ubukoloni..............................................................351.8.2. Mu gihe cy’Ubukoloni..........................................................351.8.2.1. Umugambi w’Ababiligi wo guhirika ingoma ya Cyami.......351.8.2.1.1.Kwambura Umwami Yuhi V Musinga ububasha n’icyubahiro...361.8.2.1.2. Umwami Yuhi V Musinga acibwa ku ngoma akoherezwa i Kamembe muri Cyangugu...........................................391.8.2.1.2. Kwimakaza ubusumbane n’umwiryane mu Banyarwanda...401.8.3. Nyuma y’ubwigenge.............................................................41

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IGICE CYA KABIRI: IBIKORWA BY’URUGOMO N’UBWICANYI BYAKOREWE ABATUTSI MURI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU KUVA MU 1959 KUGERA MU 1990..........................................452.1. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi kuva mu cyiswe Révolution Sociale yo mu 1959 kugera mu 1961....452.2. Kwibasira no kwica Abatutsi muri Repubulika ya mbere (1962- 1973)......................................................................................492.2.1. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1962 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu....................492.2.2. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1963-1964 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.....502.2.3. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi nyuma y’ibitero by’inyenzi mu Bugarama no mu Bweyeye mu 1963...512.2.3.1. Gufunga no kwica Abatutsi babeshyerwa kuba ibyitso by’Inyenzi.........................................................................532.2.3.2. Gutwikira Abatutsi, kubamenesha no kwigabiza imitungo yabo.. 622.2.3.3. Gufunga abapadiri babashinja gushyigikira Abatutsi....... 642.2.4. Abamaganye ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu 1963........652.2.4.1. Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke Henri Bazot.... 652.2.4.2. Musenyeri Bigirumwami Aloys wa Diyosezi ya Nyundo... 662.2.5. Ibisobanuro bya PARMEHUTU ku bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu 1963................................................................682.2.6. Umuco wo kudahana...........................................................692.2.7. Ihohoterwa ryakorewe Abatutsi mu 1965 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu....................................................702.2.8. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu 1967 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu....................................................712.2.9. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1973 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.....................722.2.9.1. Iyirukanwa ry’Abatutsi mu mashuri mu 1973 no mu kazi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu..........................722.2.9.1.1. Kwirukana abakozi b’Abatutsi mu kazi......................... 732.2.9.1.2. Kwirukana abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi mu mashuri............76 - Kwirukana Abatutsi mu Ishuri ry’Abahungu ry’Abada- hinyuka ry’i Nyamasheke « Institut Saint Cyprien »........ 76 - Kwirukana Abatutsi mu ishuri ry’Abakobwa rya « Institut Sainte Famille » mu Mataba...............................79 - Kwirukana Abatutsi muri Collège Inférieur de Kibogora......82

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- Kwirukana Abatutsi bakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bigaga hirya no hino mu gihugu..........................................................................822.2.9.2. Gukubita no gukomeretsa abapadiri kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke................................................................822.2.9.3. Gutwika no gusahura imitungo y’Abatutsi mu 1973 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu................................842.2.9.4. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1973 byari byateguwe......................................................842.2.10. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi kuri Repubulika ya kabiri kugera mu 1990..............................86

IGICE CYA GATATU: IBIKORWA BY’URUGOMO N’UBWICANYI BYAKOREWE ABATUTSI MURI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU MU GIHE CY’URUGAMBA RWO KUBOHORA IGIHUGU..............883.1. Gutoteza Abatutsi mu gihe cyo gushyingura Fred Rwigema....903.2. Guhohotera Abatutsi binyuze mu gukora amarondo no kugenzura kuri bariyeri..........................................................923.3. Gufata no gufunga Abatutsi babita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi kuva mu 1990...............................................................................933.4. Gufata no gufunga Abatutsi babita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi ni umugambi wari wateguwe kandi ushyirwa mu bikorwa n’abategetsi...........1023.5. Ifungurwa ry’abafunzwe mu byitso.......................................1043.6. Kwirukana Abatutsi mu kazi babeshyerwa kuba ibyitso by’Inkotanyi.........................................................................1053.7. Ivangura ry’amoko no kwibasira Abatutsi muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga ho muri Komini Karengera............................. 1063.8. Gutoteza imiryango ifite abana b’abasore bavuga ko bajya mu Nkotanyi..............................................................................1103.9. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakozwe mu gihe cy’amashyaka menshi..........................................................1123.9.1. Muri Komini Kamembe na Gisuma....................................1133.9.2. Muri Komini Cyimbogo na Gishoma.................................. 1143.9.3. Muri Komini Nyakabuye na Bugarama..............................1173.9.4. Muri Komini Gafunzo........................................................1203.9.5. Muri Komini Kagano, Kirambo na Gatare.......................... 1213.10. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi babeshyerwa gutega ibisasu bya mines mu bice bitandukanye bya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kuva mu 1992.....................124

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3.10.1. Muri Komini Gafunzo......................................................1243.10.2. Muri Komini Kirambo......................................................1253.10.3. Muri Komini Kagano........................................................1253.11. Ibibazo by’urugomo n’ubugizi bwa nabi muri Superefegitura ya Rwesero byahagurukije abayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu......1273.12. Ibikorwa by’urugomo byakorewe Abatutsi nyuma y’Urupfu rwa Perezida w’i Burundi mu 1993.................................... 1293.13. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma y’urupfu rwa Perezida wa CDR Bucyana Martin.........................................................1323.14. Kwica Abatutsi bya hato na hato bazira amaherere............ 1353.15. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’itotezwa byakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha.......................................1353.16. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’itotezwa byakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Gisakura........................................1373.17. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’itotezwa byakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rwa CIMERWA.....................................................138

IGICE CYA KANE: UBURYO BWAKORESHEJWE MU GUTEGURA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU 1994 PEREFEGITURA MURI YA CYANGUGU.............................................................1414.1. Kwigisha abakozi bose muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu gukoresha imbunda no kuzibaha.........................................1414.2. Gushyiraho umutwe w’Interahamwe mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu........................................................................1424.2.1. Inzego z’ubuyobozi bw’Interahamwe mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.....................................................................1434.2.1.1. Ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.........................1434.2.1.2. Ku rwego rwa komini......................................................1434.3. Gutoza no kwigisha imitwe yitwara gisirikare gukoresha imbunda..............................................................................1484.4. Gutanga ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare no mu baturage....................................................................1554.5. Gutegura amalisiti y’Abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa................ 1604.6. Gushyiraho bariyeri ziciweho Abatutsi mu 1994...................1624.7. Uruhare rw’amashyaka mu gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo y’urwango no gushishikariza Abahutu kwitabira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu..............1674.7.1. Mouvement Démocratique Républicain................................167

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4.7.2. Impuzamugambi Ziharanira Repubulika............................1694.8. Gukangurira ubufatanye hagati y’ubutegetsi n’amashyaka muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu............................................1724.9. Kwihuriza hamwe kw’amashyaka atavuga rumwe mu cyiswe Hutu Power no kunoza umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi...............................................................................1734.10. Uruhare rw’itangazamakuru mu gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo y’urwango no gushishikariza Abahutu kwitabira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi...............................1744.10.1. Uruhare rwa Kangura......................................................1744.10.2. Uruhare rwa RTLM......................................................... 1764.11. Inama zitegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu...................................................1774.11.1. Ku rwego rwa perefegitura...............................................1784.11.1.1. Mitingi ya MRND yo ku wa 7 Gashyantare 1993...........1784.11.1.2. Inama yo ku wa 14 Mutarama 1994.............................1794.11.1.3. Inama yabereye mu Ntemabiki kuri Hotel Ituze nyuma y’urupfu rwa Bucyana Martin.......................................1794.11.1.4. Inama yo ku wa 11 Mata 1994 yayobowe na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel..................................................1804.11.1.5. Inama yo ku wa 18 Mata 1994 yayobowe na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel..................................................1824.11.1.6. Inama yo ku wa 25 Mata 1994 yayobowe na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel..................................................1824.11.1.7. Inama yo ku wa 2 Gicurasi 1994 yayobowe na Minisitiri Mbangura Daniel.........................................................1844.11.1.8. Inama zayobowe na Perezida wa Repubulika Sindikubwabo Théodore...............................................1844.11.1.8.1. Inama yo ku wa 17 Gicurasi 1994 yayobowe na Perezida Sindikubwabo Théodore............................................1854.11.1.8.2. Inama yo ku wa 10 Kamena 1994 yayobowe na Perezida wa Repubulika Sindikubwabo Théodore....................1864.11.2. Ku rwego rwa komini.......................................................1874.11.2.1. Inama yo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 yabereye muri Komini Gishoma......................................................................1874.11.2.2. Inama yo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 yabereye muri Komini Gisuma.......................................................................189

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4.11.2.3. Inama yo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 yabereye muri Komini Nyakabuye...................................................................1904.11.2.4. Izindi nama................................................................. 191

IGICE CYA GATANU: ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU...........................................................................1935.1. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe................................................1945.1.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe..........1945.1.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Stade Kamarampaka no mu nkengero zayo........................................................1955.1.3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Mujyi wa Kamembe.... 2015.1.4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Kadasomwa................2035.1.5. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nkanka.............................................................................2055.2. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo.................................................2095.2.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo..........2095.2.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku mashuri abanza ya Nyakanyinya.....................................................................2115.2.3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri ADEPR Gihundwe.....2125.2.4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mibirizi..............................................................................2145.3. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma..................................................2245.3.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma...........................2245.4. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama................................................2255.4.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama.........2265.4.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rwa CIMERWA no mu nkengero zarwo......................................................2275.5. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye...............................................230

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5.5.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye........2305.5.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Komini Nyakabuye....2305.5.3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku musozi wa Nyarushishi...2315.5.3.1. Itariki ya 23 Kamena 1994: umunsi utazibagirana ku Batutsi barokokeye i Nyarushishi..................................2345.5.3.2. Inkambi ya Nyarushishi nyuma yo kuza kw’Abafaransa.... 2375.5.3.3. Ifungwa ry’Inkambi ya Nyarushishi.................................2375.6. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera................................................2385.6.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera......... 2395.6.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mwezi no kuri Komini Karengera.......................................2395.6.3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Santeri ya Nyamuhunga....................................................................2405.6.4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyabitimbo........................................................................2415.6.5. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Bweyeye............................................................................2435.7. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma....................................................2465.7.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma.............2465.7.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Ntura................................................................................2475.7.3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu bitaro bya Bushenge....2475.7.4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku musozi wa Kidashira...2485.7.5. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rwa Shagasha...2495.7.6. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku kibuga cya Gashirabwoba...2505.8. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo...................................................2535.8.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo............ 2545.8.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Shangi..............................................................................2545.8.3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Kigo Nderabuzima cya Muyange...........................................................................262

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5.8.4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Segiteri Mukoma.......2635.8.5. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku rusengero rw’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi rwa Mukoma.................................2635.8.6. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Kinunga i Nyabitekeri..2645.8.7. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri Mugera........2655.9. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano....................................................2655.9.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano..............2655.9.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Gisakura...........................................................................2675.9.3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Superefegitura ya Rwesero............................................................................2685.9.4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke......................................................................2695.10. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kirambo.................................................2775.10.1. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Komini Kirambo......2775.10.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu bitaro bya Kibogora..2785.10.3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri ADEPR Paruwasi ya Tyazo..............................................................................2795.10.4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Murenge wa Rangiro....2815.10.5.Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Murenge wa Cyato........ 2825.11. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare...................................................2845.11.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare.............2845.11.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Hanika............................................................................2865.12. Ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo n’ubugome bw’indengakamere byakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya cyangugu..........................................................................2905.12.1. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi mu Gatandara................2915.12.2. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi i Mutongo kuri Poids Lourd...............................................................................2935.12.3. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi mu Murenge wa Gikundamvura................................................................2935.12.4. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi ku musozi wa Rukungu.... 293

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5.13. Ikigereranyo cy’Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu..............2945.14. Bamwe mu bagize uruhare mu kurokora Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.............................................295

IGICE CYA GATANDATU: ABAGIZE URUHARE MU ITEGURWA N’ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU....3026.1. Abategetsi ku rwego rw’igihugu............................................3026.2. Abategetsi ku rwego rwa perefegitura na superefegitura.......3066.3. Abategetsi ku rwego rwa komini...........................................3126.4. Abayobozi mu nzego z’ubutabera..........................................3216.5. Abayobozi mu nzego za gisirikare, polisi na jandarumori......3236.6. Abayobozi b’imitwe yitwara gisirikare...................................3266.7. Abayobozi b’inganda muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.....................3306.8. Ababaye abayobozi mu nzego nkuru z’igihugu bakomoka mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bahakaba bakanapfobya Jenoside...............................................................................3336.9. Uruhare rw’impunzi z’Abarundi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu................3366.10. Uruhare rw’Abihayimana muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu............................3396.11. Uruhare rw’Abihayimana bakomoka muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu ipfobya n’ihakana rya Jenoside....................3446.12. Uruhare rw’ingabo z’Abafaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu..............3506.12.1. Igenda ry’ingabo z’amahanga zirimo n’iz’Abafaransa zari zisanzwe mu Rwanda......................................................3506.12.2. Opération Turquoise.........................................................3516.12.3. Uruhare rw’ingabo z’Abafaransa zari muri Opération Turquoise muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.......................................... 3546.12.4. Gukorana n’abicanyi bashyiraga mu bikorwa Jenoside... 3546.12.5. Kwigisha Interahamwe gusibanganya ibimenyetso bya Jenoside.........................................................................3576.12.6. Kurebera ubwicanyi bwakomeje gukorerwa Abatutsi mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi.............................................3586.12.7. Gusambanya abakobwa n’abagore ku ngufu...................3596.12.8. Kurebera Interahamwe zisenya ibikorwa remezo.............362

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6.12.9. Gusahura........................................................................3626.12.10. Kubungabunga umutekano w’abayobozi, abasirikare ba FAR n’Interahamwe bahungira muri Kongo...................3636.12.11. Gushishikariza Abaturage guhunga igihugu..................3646.13. Gutsindwa k’umugambi w’u Bufaransa no kuva mu yahoze ari Cyangugu......................................................................366

IGICE CYA KARINDWI: UMWIHARIKO WA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU....3687.1. Abicanyi bagize umwanya uhagije wo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi (Jenoside yamaze igihe kirekire)... 3687.2. Gukurikirana no kwica Abatutsi bahungiye mu bihugu bihana imbibi na Perefegitura ya Cyangugu (Génocide au-delà des frontières).......................................................................3717.2.1. Gukurikirana no kwica Abatutsi bahungiye muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo........................................ 3717.2.2. Gukurikirana no kwica Abatutsi bahungiye i Burundi...... 3747.3. Amazi akikije Cyangugu yabujije Abatutsi guhunga............. 3757.4. Extremisme des parties politiques..........................................3767.5. Iyicarubozo rikabije..............................................................3767.6. Gukusanyiriza Abatutsi mu Nkambi.....................................3777.7. Ibirindiro bya Opération Turquoise........................................3777.8. Interahamwe zagiye kwica no hanze ya Cyangugu ku Kibuye ku musozi wa Kizenga no mu Bisesero.................................3787.9. Kuba abayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu baranyuze i Cyangugu bahunga..............................................................................379

IGICE CYA MUNANI: INGARUKA ZA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI N’UBUMWE N’UBWIYUNGE MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU............................................ 3818.1. Ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi..............................3818.1.1. Zimwe mu ngaruka zatewe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi...3818.1.2. Ibyakozwe mu guhangana n’ingaruka za Jenoside.............3828.1.3. Ingaruka za Jenoside zicyigaragaza nyuma y’imyaka 25 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ihagaritswe............................3838.2. Imiterere y’ingengabiterekerezo ya jenoside mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.....................................................3848.2.1. Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi............................................................................385

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8.2.2. Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.............................................................3878.2.3. Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.............................................................3898.2.4. Ingamba zo kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.................................3928.3. Ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu............................................................................3938.3.1. Imibanire y’abatuye Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi..............................................3938.3.2. Uruhare rw’Inkiko Gacaca mu guca umuco wo kudahana no gushimangira ubumwe n’ubwiyunge............................3968.3.3. Uruhare rwa Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald mu gushimangira ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu......................................................................... 398

UMWANZURO........................................................................401IBITABO N’INYANDIKO BYIFASHISHIJWE.............................407UMUGEREKA........................................................................4151. INYANDIKO Z’UBUYOBOZI ZIFASHISHIJWE MURI UBU BUSHAKASHATSI..............................................................4152. URUTONDE RW’ABATANZE UBUHAMYA MURI UBU BUSHAKASHATSI..............................................................4553. ABAKONSEYE BATEGEKAGA SEGITERI ZARI ZIGIZE PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU MU 1994 N’URUHARE BAGIZE MURI JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI.............. 462

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1


IRIBURIRO

Kuva mu gihe cy’ubukoloni cyane cyane ku bw’Ababiligi (kuva mu 1926), Abakoloni bagendeye kuri politiki yabo yo gucamo abo basanze ibice kugira ngo biborohere kubayobora. Nibwo bafashe ibyiciro by’imibereho y’Abanyarwanda, babihinduramo amoko yiswe Hutu, Tutsi na Twa. Ibyo byashimangiwe mu 1932 ubwo bashyiragaho ikarita ndangamuntu bitaga IBUKU (book= igitabo) yanditsemo ubwoko, buri wese akayitwaza aho agiye hose. Umwanditsi Nizeyimana Innocent asobanura ko iyo ndangamuntu yatanzwe n’Ababiligi yari igizwe n’amapaji 16, ku ipaji ya 2 na 4 akaba ariho handitse ubwoko. Kuva ubwo Abakoloni bahise baca iteka ko umwana wese uvutse azajya afata ubwoko bw’uwo akomotseho.2

Mbere y’Ababiligi, ibyo byiciro by’Abanyarwanda byabanaga neza mu mahoro, ariko kugirango ubutegetsi bw’Abakoloni bushinge imizi, bashyize imbere ibitandukanyaga Abanyarwanda nk’intwaro ya politiki yabo ya “divide and rule” bishatse kuvuga “tubatanye kugira ngo tubayobore”.3

Kuva mu 1957, ibintu byatangiye kuba bibi cyane ubwo hadukaga ibitekerezo bibiri bihanganye bivuga uko u Rwanda rugomba kubaho. Igitekerezo cya mbere gihagarariwe n’Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu cyanengaga bikabije uburyo u Bubiligi bwayoboye u Rwanda. Bityo bagasaba ko haba impinduramatwara igaragara, igihugu kigahabwa ubwigenge. Igitekerezo cya kabiri cyari gihagarariwe n’abantu bamwe b’Abahutu bize cyane cyane mu Iseminari, cyashimaga ibyagezweho n’Ababiligi mu Rwanda, kikagaya akarengane n’imitegekere mibi bavugaga ko Abatutsi bakorera Abahutu, kigasaba ko Ubwigenge buba buretse, ko igikenewe ari ukuvana Abatutsi ku butegetsi. Ibyo bitekerezo byombi byerekana ko hari ukutumvikana gukomeye.

Ku itariki ya 22 Gashyantare 1957, bamwe mu bagize Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu batangaje inyandiko yitwa: “La mise au point”. Iyo nyandiko yasabaga ko ubutegetsi bwa gikoloni

2 Nizeyimana Innocent, « Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda mu mateka yabo. Igice cya mbere: Ubukoroni n’Amacakubiri mu Rwanda, Kigali, 2015, urupapuro rwa 1393 Shyaka Anastase, Conflits en Afrique des Grands Lacs et Esquisse de leur Résolution, Varsovie, Ed. Académiques v Dialog c, 2003.

2

buhindura imikorere kandi bukarushaho gukorana n’Abanya-rwanda. Iyo nyandiko nta gisubizo cya Leta Mbiligi yahawe ku mugaragaro. Igisubizo gikomeye cyatanzwe n’agaco k’abitwaga aba “evoluwe (abajijutse) ”, barimo Abahutu bize biyise abayobozi b’Abahutu. Ni bo bishyize hamwe maze basohora ku itariki ya 24 Werurwe 1957 inyandiko bise “ Note sur l’aspect social du problème racial indigène au Ruanda”, inyandiko yamenyekanye cyane ku inyito ya “ Manifeste des Bahutu”. Muri iyo nyandiko basabaga umwami gusaranganya ubutegetsi, ubukungu, imirimo n’amashuri mu bana bose b’igihugu, kubera ko bavugaga ko byihariwe n’Abatutsi gusa. Iyo nyandiko yahise ihindura isura y’impaka za politiki zariho, ikibazo kiva ku bukoloni ahubwo kiba icy’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Mu by’ukuri “Manifeste des Bahutu” yanditswe igamije gusubiza inyandiko ya “La mise au point” kuko yayivuguruzaga. “La mise au point” yanengaga Ububiligi, kandi yari yishyize mu murongo w’abaharanira ubwigenge. “Manifeste des Bahutu” yo yasingizaga Ababiligi, maze ibibazo ikabyerekeza ku Bahutu bahanganye n’Abatutsi.4 Ayo mayeri yaje gutsinda maze ashyira igorora abagendera ku irondabwoko, ari ryo Leta yashingiyeho kuva mu 1959. Muri iyo myaka kandi ni bwo havutse amashyaka ya politiki yubakiye ku ivangurabwoko. Hashingiwe ku biteganywa n’itegeko teka No 11/234 ryo ku wa 8 Gicurasi 1959 rigenga amashyirahamwe, ryemejwe n’iteka no 111/105 ryo ku wa 15 Kanama 1959, amashyaka ya politiki yemerewe gukora ku mugaragaro mu 1959, kubera ko hagombaga kuba amatora mu mpera z’uwo mwaka nk’uko itegeko teka ryo mu 1952 ryabiteganyaga.

Kuva muri Nzeri 1959 kugeza muri Gicurasi 1960 havutse amashyaka menshi ya Politiki harimo ane (4) yakoreye mu gihugu hose ariyo (1) Ishyirahamwe ryo Guteza Imbere Imibereho ya Rubanda Nyamwinshi (APROSOMA)5, (2) Ishyaka

4 Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge, Amateka y’u Rwanda. Kuva mu ntangiriro kugera mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Kigali, 2016, p.335

5 Ishyirahamwe ryo Guteza imbere Imibereho ya Rubanda Rugufi (APROSOMA: Association pour la Promotion Sociale de la Masse) ryagiyeho mu Ugushyingo 1957. Iryo shyirahamwe ryahindutse ishyaka rya politiki ku wa 15 Gashyantare 1959. Perezida waryo yari Habyarimana Joseph bitaga Gitera wabaye umunyapolitiki wa mbere wasabye urubyiruko rw’Abahutu gufata imipanga bagatsemba Abatutsi yitaga“igisebe cy’umufunzo, umusundwe ku mubiri na Kanseri mu gifu”. Yabwiraga urubyiruko rw’Abahutu ngo: “mwibuke ko uwica imbeba atababarira n’ihaka (Murego Donat (1975), La Révolution Rwandaise. 1959-1962. Essai d’interprétation. Thèse de doctorat,Bruxelles, 1975, paji 897)

3


ry’Abashyirahamwe b’u Rwanda (UNAR)6, (3) Ihuriro rya Demokarasi Ridasumbanya Abanyarwanda (RADER)7, (4) n’Ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU8.

Uretse amashyaka yakoreraga mu gihugu hose yavuzwe haruguru, hari kandi n’udushyaka duto cyangwa amashyirahamwe akorera mu bice bimwe na bimwe by’Igihugu agera kuri 16. Muri ayo mashyaka y’uturere, Teritwari ya Shangugu yari ifite ishyirahamwe riharanira inyungu z’Abanyacyangugu ryitwa UNINTERCOKI (Union des Intérêts Communs du Kinyaga: Ubumwe bw’Abasangiye Inyungu bo mu Kinyaga).9

Mu mikorere y’ayo mashyaka, PARMEHUTU na APROSOMA zamamaye mu gushimangira ivangura rishingiye ku bwoko, ingengabitekerezo y’urwango ihabwa intebe. Muri icyo gihe, Abakoloni b’Ababiligi bashyigikiye iyo ngengabitekerezo maze guhera ku wa 1 Ugushyingo 1959 Abatutsi baricwa, baratwikirwa, barasahurwa, abandi bameneshwa mu gihugu bahungira mu mahanga. Guhera ubwo ivangura n’ihohoterwa ryakorerwaga Abatutsi riba igikorwa cya Leta gikorwa ku mugaragaro, kandi nta nkurikizi. Ahubwo akenshi abahohoteraga Abatutsi bakagororerwa kwigabiza imitungo yabo no guhabwa imyanya ikomeye mu buyobozi bw’igihugu.

6 Ishyaka ry’Abashyirahamwe b’u Rwanda (UNAR: Union Nationale Rwandaise) ryavutse muri Gicurasi 1959, rishyirwa ku mugaragaro tariki ya 3 Nzeri 1959. UNAR yari ishyaka ryashinzwe n’Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa. Iryo shyaka ryifuzaga ko Abanyarwanda bose bariyoboka nta vanguramoko. Perezida waryo yari Rukeba F. Abayobozi b’iryo shyaka barimo kandi Michel Kayihura, Pierre Mungarurire, Chrysostome Rwangombwa, Padiri A. Ruterandongozi, Michel Rwagasana, Jean Rutsindintwarane, n’abandi. Abatware bari muri iryo shyaka bagize uruhare runini mu kwandika inyandiko yavuzwe haruguru yiswe “Mise au Point”.

7 Ihuriro rya Demokarasi Ridasumbanya Abanyarwanda (RADER: Rassemblement Democratique Rwandais), ryashinzwe tariki 14 Nzeri 1959. RADER yari ishyaka ritavuga rumwe na UNAR y’Umwami Mutara. RADER yashakaga kuba ishyaka ryo hagati ya UNAR n’amashyaka y’Abahutu. Perezida waryo yari Bwanakweri Prosper. Abayobozi b’iryo shayaka barimo kandi P. Mugunga, A. Karekezi, Chr Ntoranyi, Ndazaro Lazare na Rwigemera Etiène mukuru wa Rudahigwa wasimbuye umwami Musinga.

8 Ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU (Parti du Mouvement de l’Emancipation Hutu), ryavutse tariki ya 9 Ukwakira 1959, riba ishyaka rya politiki ku mugaragaro tariki ya 18 Ukwakira 1959. PARMEHUTU yasimbuye ishyirahamwe ryitwaga “Mouvement Social Muhutu” ryasheshwe mu 1957. Perezida wa PARMEHUTU yari Kayibanda Grégoire. Abayobozi b’iryo shayaka barimo kandi Maximilien Niyonzima na Calliope Mulindahabi. Iryo shyaka ryari rigizwe ahanini n’Abahutu bize i Gitarama barimo Balthazar Bicamumpaka wo mu Ruhengeri, Lazare Mpakaniye wo ku Gisenyi, Dominiko Mbonyumutwa, Anastase Makuza wo ku Gikongoro, Rusingizandekwe Otto, Jean Baptiste Rwasibo, Gaspard Cyimana, Jean Habyarimana, Théodore Gashugi, Wellaris Banzi wo ku Gisenyi, Gaspard Rwagahirima n’abandi. Kuva rikivuka, ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU ryifashishije abazungu n’abakoloni n’abamisiyoneri bangaga ubwoko bw’Abatutsi urunuka. PARMEHUTU yibonaga nk’ishyaka rivuganira Abahutu, rivuga ko bakandamijwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Cyami n’ubw’Abakoloni; ikamagana icyo yitaga “ubukoloni bw’Abatutsi”, isaba ko bwarangira kugira ngo haboneke ubwigenge; ni cyo yitaga demokarasi itandukanye n’ubwigenge, ariho havuye imvugo ngo: “mbere na mbere demokarasi, ubwigenge nyuma”. Abatware bari muri iryo shyaka bagize uruhare runini mu kwandika inyandiko yavuzwe haruguru ya “Manifeste des Bahutu.”

9 Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge, Amateka y’u Rwanda. Kuva mu ntangiriro kugera mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Kigali, 2016, p.387-390

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Iyo ngengabitekerezo y’ivangura yimakajwe na Leta yagiyeho nyuma y’uko u Rwanda rubonye ubwigenge ku itariki ya 01 Nyakanga 1962. Aho gukosora amateka mabi yasizwe n’Abakoloni, ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire (1962-1973) wasimbuwe na Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal (1973-1994) bwaranzwe no guha ifumbire ya ngengabitekerezo y’ivangura, bimakaza politiki y’amacakubiri n’urwango ku Batutsi ari na ko babakandamiza babavutsa uburenganzira ku gihugu, ku mashuri n’imirimo.

Iyo ngengabitekerezo ishingiye ku moko ni yo yabyaye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ubwo abategetsi babi bategekaga u Rwanda, aho kwemera ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’amahoro yashyiriweho umukono Arusha mu gihugu cya Tanzaniya ku wa 04 Mata 1993, bahisemo inzira mbi yo gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wa Jenoside bagamije kumaraho Abatutsi. Intego nkuru y’ubushakashatsiUbu bushakashatsi bugamije gushyira ahagaragara mu buryo bucukumbuye “Amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu”.

Intego zihariye z’ubushakashatsiUbushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bugaragaza mu buryo burambuye:

1. Imibanire y’Abanyarwanda mbere ya 1959 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu;

2. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, kuva mu 1959 kugera mu 1990;

3. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, kuva mu 1990 kugera mu 1993;

4. Uburyo bwakoreshejwe mu gutegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu;

5. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu;

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6. Abagize uruhare mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu;

7. Uruhare rw’abasirikare b’Abafaransa bari muri Opération Turquoise mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu;

8. Uruhare rw’Abarundi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegtura ya Cyangugu;

9. Imiterere y’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

10. Ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegtura ya Cyangugu

11. Uruhare rw’Inkiko Gacaca mu guca umuco wo kudahana;12. Ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu yahoze ari Perefegtura ya

Cyangugu;

Muri rusange, ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza mu buryo bucukumbuye ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi kuva mu 1959 n’uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yateguwe ikanashyirwa mu bikorwa mu bice byose bigize iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

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UBURYO BWAKORESHEJWE MU BUSHAKASHATSI

Ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bwakorewe mu turere tubiri twa Rusizi na Nyamasheke duherereye mu majyepfo y’uburengerazuba bw’u Rwanda. Utwo turere twombi twasimbuye amakomini cumi n’imwe (11) yari agize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu 1994, ari yo: Kamembe, Gishoma, Bugarama, Cyimbogo, Nyakabuye, Gafunzo, Gisuma, Karengera, Kagano, Kirambo na Gatare.

Amakuru yifashishijwe muri ubu bushakashatsi yavuye mu biganiro umushakashatsi yagiranye n’abatangabuhamya muri komini zose zari zigize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Ubushakashatsi bwibanze ku batangabuhamya babayeho mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri barimo ababaye abayobozi mu nzego za Leta n’iz’abikorera mbere ya Jenoside, abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bireze bakemera ibyaha, abahishe Abatutsi bahigwaga muri Jenoside (abarinzi b’igihango), ababaye Inyangamugayo mu Nkiko Gacaca, abahoze ari abasirikare mu ngabo za Leta yateguye ikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside (FAR), abahoze ari abajandarume, abapolisi ba komini, abihayimana n’abandi.

Mu gukusanya amakuru yifashishijwe muri ubu bushakashatsi, hasesenguwe kandi inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, imanza z’abakoze Jenoside zaciwe n’inkiko zisanzwe mu Rwanda ndetse n’iz’Urukiko Mpuzamahanaga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rukorera Arusha muri Tanzaniya (ICTR).

Mu nyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca hasesenguwe ibikubiye mu makayi y’ikusanyamakuru agaragaza ihohoterwa ryakorewe Abatutsi kuva mu 1990, cyane cyane ifatwa n’ifungwa ry’Abatutsi babita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. Inyandiko za Gacaca zagaragaje kandi amakuru yizewe ku ishyirwaho ry’imitwe yitwara gisirikare, itangwa ry’imbunda mu baturage, gushyiraho bariyeri, abagabye ibitero n’abamamaye mu bwicanyi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Imanza z’abari abayobozi ku rwego rwa Perefegitura na Komini zigaragaza cyane cyane uruhare rw’ubuyobozi mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside

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yakorewe Abatutsi. Ubuhamya bw’abireze bakemera ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi na bwo bukubiyemo amakuru menshi yifashishijwe muri ubu bushakashatsi.

Uretse imanza zaciwe n’Inkiko Gacaca ndetse n’Inkiko zisanzwe mu Rwanda, hifashishijwe inyandiko z’imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanaga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rukorera Arusha muri Tanzaniya harimo: (1) Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha bwarezemo Minisitiri Ntagerura André10, Bagambiki Emmanuel11 na Liyetona Imanishimwe Samuel12, (2) Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha bwarezemo Ncamihigo Siméon wari Umushinjacyaha i Cyangugu, (3) n’Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha bwarezemo Munyakazi Yusufu wari ukuriye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama. Mu kugaragaza ukuri ku mugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hifashishijwe kandi inyandiko z’ubuyobozi (Archives) bwariho mbere no mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi zirimo amabaruwa, inyandikomvugo z’inama zitandukanye cyane cyane inama z’umutekano zigaragaza uko umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi wateguwe mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

Ibyavuye mu nyandiko zasesenguwe byahujwe n’ubuhamya bw’abatangabuhamya babajijwe muri komini zose za Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, maze bitanga ishusho rusange y’amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

10 Ntagerura André yakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamasheke. Mu 1994 yari Minisitiri w’Ubwikorezi n’Itumanaho, akaba umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND, ishyaka ryateguye rikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

11 Bagambiki Emmanuel yari Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kuva muri Nyakanga 1992. Yari umunyapolitiki ukomeye muri Perefegitura akomokamo ya Cyangugu, akaba kandi yari akunzwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal bwamugiriye icyizere cyo gukomeza kuba Perefe nyuma y’ubwicanyi bwabereye mu Bugesera, igice cyabarizwaga muri Perefegitura ya Kigali Ngali yabereye Perefe kugera mu 1992.

12 Liyetona Imanishimwe Samuel yakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. Mu 1994 yari akuriye Ikigo cya Gisirikari cya Cyangugu cyari kizwi ku izina rya Camp Karambo (Karambo Military Camp).

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IGICE CYA MBERE

PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU

1.1 Amavu n’amavuko ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Mbere y’ubukoloni, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yamamaye ku izina ry’Ikinyaga13. Yagiraga ibice by’ubwami bikomeye birimo Ubusozo n’Ubukunzi. Ubwami bw’Ubusozo bwari buherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye (igice). Ubwami bw’Ubukunzi bwo bwari buherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera na Nyakabuye (igice). Ubusozo bwayoborwaga n’umwami witwaga Nyundo wari utuye mu Gasumo, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Butare. Amaze gutanga asimburwa n’umuhungu we witwaga Nkorabiri. Ubukunzi bwo bwayoborwaga na Ndagano. Ubwami bw’Ubukunzi n’Ubusozo bwaje kuganzwa n’ubwami bw’Abanyiginya, maze bwemera kuyoboka, buyoborwa n’ubwami bw’u Rwanda rwa Gasabo. Ubwami bw’Ubukunzi bwazimye mu 1925, ubw’Ubusozo buzima mu 1926 nyuma y’aho Ababiligi babwigaruriye bakoresheje ingufu za gisirikare, maze babugabira Rwagataraka, wabaye umutware waho hose.14

Abakoloni bamaze kugera mu Rwanda, himakajwe imitegekere ishingiye kuri teritwari. Guhera mu 1928 teritwari zifututse kandi zifite imipaka ni bwo zashyizweho. Hashyizweho teritwari icyenda: Kigali, Nyanza, Astrida, Rubengera, Gisenyi, Murera, Bushiru-Kingogo, Gatsibo, Rukira-Gisaka. Kuri urwo rutonde hiyongereyeho Teritwari ya Shangugu mu mwaka wa 1929 na Byumba mu mwaka wa 1931.

Mu 1932, Itegeko No 26/A.I.M.O ryo ku wa 17 Werurwe 1932 ryemeje urutonde rushya rwa teritwari 10 za Leta zemewe ari zo: Kigali, Nyanza, Astrida, Shangugu, Kibuye, Kisenyi, Ruhengeri, Byumba, Gabiro na Kibungo. Teritwari ya Gabiro yavanyweho mu 1935, iya Kibuye ivanwaho mu 1936 ariko isubizwaho mu 1953. Teritwari ya nyuma u Rwanda rwagize

13 Izina Ikinyaga ryakomotse ku mvugo y’Umwami Rwabugiri. Bernard Nshizirungu utuye mu Kagali ka Kinyaga mu Murenge wa Nkanka, Akarere ka Rusizi asobanura ko: “Umwami Rwabugiri yagiye kugaruza ibihugu ageze ku Kirwa cya Nkombo amasha umwambi ugwa ahantu ho mu cyika, bomotse umwambi barawubura. Nyuma yo kuwubura bahise bahita mu Kinyaga cyanyaze umwami umwambi. Ni aho izina ‘Kinyaga ryakomotse”. Kuva ubwo ugiye i Cyangugu wese avuga ko agiye mu Kinyaga.

14 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sebastien mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2017.

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ni Teritwari ya Gitarama yashyizweho mu 1959. Buri teritwari yari igizwe na Sheferi na Susheferi. Kugera mu 1959,Teritwari ya Shangugu yari igizwe na Sheferi enye :

1. Sheferi y’ Impala yayoborwaga na Shefu Bideri Yosefu, akaba yari atuye i Shangi

2. Sheferi y’Abari yayoborwaga na Shefu Biniga Lewonidasi, akaba yari atuye i Nyakarenzo

3. Sheferi ya Bukunzi-Busozo yayoborwaga na Shefu Rwiyamirira atuye Karengera i Mwezi agategeka Bukunzi-Busozo na Bugarama (BBB),

4. Sheferi ya Cyesha yayoborwaga na Shefu Gakoko Ambroise.

Buri sheferi yagiraga abasushefu batandukanye bayobora susheferi, bagafasha shefu gukurikirana no kumenya imibereho y’abaturage ayoboye:

1. Sheferi y’Impala yagiraga abasushefu barimo Sushefu Mugenzi wayoboraga Susheferi ya Muhari, Gihundwe na Nkombo, Sushefu Kanuni Jean Nepomuscène wayoboraga Susheferi ya Munyove, Isha na Shagasha, Sushefu Munyurangabo wayoboraga Susheferi ya Giheke, Sushefu Bisanana wayoboraga Susheferi ya Bushenge na Bumazi, Sushefu Gahayire Anathole wayoboraga Susheferi ya Ntura na Biguzi, Sushefu Kayumba wayoboraga Susheferi ya Gafunzo, Sushefu Gahamanyi wayoboraga Susheferi ya Mugera, Sushefu Semuhungu Appolinaire wayoboraga Susheferi ya Rusunyu na Kabutembo, Sushefu Kanuma Louis wayoboraga Susheferi ya Rwahi na Nkanka, Sushefu Rwamatemba Paul wayoboraga Susheferi ya Kiyumba na Rugaragara. Mu Mujyi wa Kamembe ho hayoborwaga na Sushefu Murisho wakomokaga ku Gisenyi, akaba yari yarazanywe n’Abarabu.

2. Sheferie y’Abiru yafataga ifasi ya Kadasomwa-Nyakarenzo-Winteko-Munyinya-Rukunguri kugera ku mugezi wa Katabuvuga. Sheferi y’Abiru yagiraga abasushefu barimo Sushefu Susa wayoboraga Susheferi ya Butambamo na Nyenji, Sushefu Senuma wayoboraga Susheferi ya Kiranga na Gisagara, Sushefu Rukaraza wayoboraga Susheferi ya Mushaka, Sushefu Kabaya wayoboraga Susheferi ya Gashonga, Sushefu Muhaya wayoboraga Susheferi ya Mururu na Ruhoko, Nyakarenzo ho akaba ariho Shefu Biniga yakoreraga.

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3. Sheferi ya Bukunzi-Busozo yagiraga abasushefu barimo Sushefu Mahenehene Célestin wayobora Susheferi ya Busozo, Sushefu Ntemabiti wakomokaga ku Gikongoro wayoboraga Susheferi ya Bweyeye, Sushefu Madederi wakomokaga i Mushaka wayoboraga Mwiyando na Rurama, na Sushefu Ntasoni Paul wayoboraga Susheferi ya Mwezi.

4. Sheferi ya Cyesha yagiraga abasushefu barimo Sushefu Sekabwa wayoboraga Susheferi ya Bushekeli, Sushefu Birasifuku Frodouard wayoboraga Susheferi yo ku Ishara, Sushefu Nyirinkindi wayoboraga Susheferi ya Butambara, Mubumbano na Kagano, Sushefu Kanangire wayoboraga Susheferi ya Tyazo, Sushefu Bagirishya wayoboraga Susheferi ya Gatare na Muramba, Sushefu Sebuhura wayoboraga Susheferi ya Nyakabingo, Sushefu Ntoyumutwa wayoboraga Susheferi ya Rwumba, Sushefu Gakwavu wayoboraga Susheferi ya Karambi, na Sushefu Segikwiye wayoboraga Susheferi ya Rugano.

Muri Gashyantare 1960, nyuma y’imvururu zabaye mu gihugu kuva mu Ugushyingo 1959 mu cyiswe “Révolution Sociale”, “Conseil Spécial Provisoire” yashyizweho mu 1960 isimbuye Conseil Superieur du Pays15 yatangiye guhindura imiyoborere yariho, maze ishyiraho politiki y’ubuyobozi bushingiye ku makomini agera kuri 229. Teritwari zo ntizahise zihindurirwa inyito16:

- Teritwari ya Shangugu yari igizwe n’amakomini 19, - Teritwari ya Kigali igizwe n’amakomini 27, - Teritwari ya Gitarama igizwe n’amakomini 20, - Teritwari ya Nyanza igizwe n’amakomini 23,

15 L’ordonnance yo ku wa 12 Mutarama 1960 ya Jean-Paul Harroy wabaye Vice-Gouverneur na Gouverneur Général du Ruanda-Urundi, yakuyeho Conseil Superieur du Pays isimburwa na Conseil Spécial Provisoire igizwe na Ndazaro Lazaro, Makuza Anastase, Mbonyumutwa Dominique, Rwigemera Etienne, Nzeyimana Isidore, Nshogozabahizi François Xavier, Ruzibiza, Munyagaju Aloys, Karema Etienne na Dumont. Igikorwa cyo gukuraho Conseil Supérieur du Pays hakajyaho Conseil Spécial Provisoire yari yiganjemo Abahutu n’Abatutsi batemeraga UNAR bwari uburyo bwo kwambura ubutegetsi Abatutsi bugahabwa Abahutu (mu rurimi rw’Igifaransa byiswe : Transfert du Pouvoir de Tutsi au Hutu); bikaba byaragizwemo uruhare rukomeye na Colonel Guillaume Guy Logiest. N’ubwo Rwigemera Etienne yari umwe mu bagize Conseil Spécial Provisoire yari umwana mukuru w’Umwami Musinga. Ubwo Umwami Musinga bari bamaze kumucira i Kamembe muri Cyangugu, Jean-Paul Harroy yashatse ko Rwigemera Etienne aba umwami asimbuye se, ariko si ko byagenze. Léon Classe yarabyanze, maze bashyiraho Rudahigwa (Mutara III) wari murumuna wa Rwigemera. Léon Classe yakundaga cyane Rudahigwa bityo akoresha ibishoboka byose kugira ngo abe ari we usimbura se ku bwami. Nyuma yo kwimikwa, Rwigemera nta bwo yigeze ayoboka murumuna we, kugera ubwo agaragaye mu bitabiriye umurongo urwanya ibitekerezo bya UNAR, ishyaka ry’umwami, maze bashinga RADER.

16 Bulletin d’information bimensuel (Imvaho) NO 9 du 15 mai 1960, in : M. POCHET, Rétrospective: Le problème rwandais, 1952-1962, Informations de la tutelle (Imvaho 1960-1962). Documents pour servir à l’histoire, Dossier 12, Mars 2006, p. 42

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- Teritwari ya Astrida igizwe n’amakomini 42, - Teritwari ya Kibuye igizwe n’amakomini 12, - Teritwari ya Kisenyi igizwe n’amakomini 22, - Teritwari ya Ruhengeri igizwe n’amakomini 25, - Teritwari ya Kibungo igizwe n’amakomini 19 na - Teritwari ya Byumba igizwe n’amakomini 20.

Muri Werurwe 1961, Itegeko No 02/72 ryo ku wa 7 Werurwe 1961 ryakuyeho inyito ya Teritwari isimburwa na Perefegitura. Ni muri urwo rwego Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yasimbuye icyitwaga Teritwari ya Shangugu. Muri iryo vugururwa ry’inzego n’imitegekere, Perefegitura zahawe abayobozi bitwa Abaperefe basimbura ba “Administrateur” bari basanzwe ari abayobozi ba Teritwari. Perefe wa mbere wayoboye Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ni Mpamo Esdras wakomokaga i Masango muri Perefegitura ya Gitarama, waje gusimburwa na Ngirabatware Pascal wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare i Hanika, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Macuba, Akarere ka Nyamasheke.

Mu 1992, ifasi n’umubare bya Perefegitura byarahinduwe, hashyirwaho izindi Perefegitura ebyiri (2): Umujyi wa Kigali n’Umutara. Ibyo bituma u Rwanda rugira Perefegitura 12, ari zo zagejeje mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa.

1.2 Imiterere ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu 1994

Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari igizwe na superefegitura ebyiri (2), komini cumi n’imwe (11) na segiteri 115.

1.2.1. Imbibi za Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ni imwe muri Perefegitura 12 zari zigize igihugu cy’u Rwanda mu 1994. Ikaba yari iherereye i Burengerazuba bw’Amajyepfo y’u Rwanda. Mu burengezuba bwayo, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yahanaga imbibi n’igihugu cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (yitwaga Zayire muri icyo gihe), bigatandukanywa n’Ikiyaga cya Kivu hamwe n’Umugezi wa Rusizi usohoka mu Kiyaga cya Kivu werekeza mu Kiyaga cya Tanganyika.

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Mu Majyepfo yayo, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yahanaga imbibi n’igihugu cy’Uburundi, bigatandukanywa n’umugezi wa Ruhwa.

Mu Burasirazuba bwayo yahanaga imbibi na Perefegitura ya Gikongoro, urugabano rwazo rukaba mu Ishyamba rya Nyungwe rwagati. Mu Majyaruguru, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yahanaga imbibi na Perefegitura ya Kibuye bigatandukanywa n’umugezi wa Kirimbi.

1.2.2. Ikarita ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

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1.2.3. Superefegitura na komini byari bigize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari igizwe na superefegitura ebyiri (2): Superefegitura ya Bugumya na Superefegitura ya Rwesero.

- Superefegitura ya Bugumya yari igizwe na Komini Bugarama, Nyakabuye na Karengera. Icyicaro cyayo cyari i Nyakabuye, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nyakabuye, Akarere ka Rusizi.

- Superefegitura ya Rwesero yari igizwe na Komini Gatare, Kirambo na Kagano. Ibiro bya Superefegitura ya Rwesero byari ku Butambara - Rwesero, mu nzu yakorewemo nyuma ya Jenoside n’Urukiko rw’Ibanze rwa Kagano, mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Kagano, Akarere ka Nyamasheke.

- Andi makomini atanu (5) yegereye Umujyi wa Kamembe ari yo Komini Kamembe, Gafunzo, Gisuma, Cyimbogo na Gishoma ntiyabarirwaga muri za superefegitura, yo yakurikiranwaga na Superefe wakoreraga ku cyicaro cya Perefegitura.

Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ikaba yari igizwe muri rusange na Komini 11: Komini Kamembe, Gishoma, Bugarama, Cyimbogo, Nyakabuye, Gafunzo, Gisuma, Karengera, Kagano, Kirambo na Gatare. Icyicaro cya Perefegitura cyari ku nkengero z’Ikiyaga cya Kivu hafi y’Ikigo cya Gisirikare cya Camp Karambo, muri Komini Kamembe.

1.2.4. Segiteri zari zigize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa mu 1994, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari igizwe muri rusange na segiteri 115:

- Komini Kamembe yari igizwe na segiteri icyenda (9): Segiteri Kamembe, Gihundwe, Muhari, Rwahi, Nkanka, Cyibumba, Mparwe, Bugumira na Rusunyu. Icyicaro cya Komini Kamembe cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nkanka, ubu ni Murenge wa Nkanka, Akarere ka Rusizi.

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- Komini Cyimbogo yari igizwe na segiteri cumi n’imwe (11): Segiteri Mururu, Mutongo, Cyete, Nyakarenzo, Winteko, Nyakanyinya, Cyato, Mibirizi, Gihundwe, Murehe na Nyamagana. Icyicaro cya Komini cyari mu Karangiro mu yahoze ari Segiteri Cyete, ubu ni Murenge wa Mururu, Akarere ka Rusizi.

- Komini Gishoma yari igizwe na segiteri icumi (10): Segiteri Gashonga, Gisagara, Rwimbogo, Ntenyi, Nyenji, Kiranga, Rukunguri, Kimbagiro, Butambamo na Ruhoko. Icyicaro cya Komini Gishoma cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gashonga, ubu ni Murenge wa Gashonga, Akarere ka Rusizi.

- Komini Bugarama yari igizwe na segiteri umunani (8): Segiteri Gikundamvura, Bunyereri, Nyabintare, Muganza, Bugarama, Muhehwe, Nzahaha na Kibangira. Icyicaro cya Komini Bugarama cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Muganza, ubu hakorera Umurenge wa Muganza, Akarere ka Rusizi.

- Komini Nyakabuye yari igizwe na segiteri icumi (10): Segiteri Kigurwe, Matare, Muhanga, Runyanzovu, Nkungu, Nyamubembe, Nyamaronko, Nyakabuye, Gitambi na Kaboza. Icyicaro cya Komini Nyakabuye cyari hafi y’isoko rya Nyakabuye, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyakabuye, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nyakabuye.

- Komini Gisuma yari igizwe na segiteri cumi n’eshatu (13): Segiteri Shagasha, Munyove, Isha, Ntura, Biguzi, Mwito, Remera, Bugungu, Bushenge, Rusambu, Bumazi, Gashirabwoba na Giheke. Icyicaro cya Komini Gisuma cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Giheke, ubu hakorera Umurenge wa Giheke, Akarere ka Rusizi.

- Komini Gafunzo yari igizwe na segiteri icyenda (9): Segiteri Nyamugali, Shangi, Gabiro, Mugera, Mukoma, Nyabitekeri, Bugeza, Bunyangurube na Bunyenga. Icyicaro cya Komini Gafunzo cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Shangi, ubu hakorera Umurenge wa Shangi, Akarere ka Nyamasheke.

- Komini Karengera yari igizwe na segiteri cumi n’ebyiri (12): Segiteri Ruharambuga, Rwabidege, Nyamuhunga, Rwintare, Karambo, Karengera, Nyanunda, Kanyinya, Butare, Rurama, Gasumo na Bweyeye. Icyicaro cya

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Komini Karengera cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Karengera, ubu hakorera Umurenge wa Karengera, Akarere ka Nyamasheke.

- Komini Kagano yari igizwe na segiteri icumi (10): Segiteri Rambira, Mukinja, Bushekeri, Nyakabingo, Nyamasheke, Mubumbano, Kagano, Butambara, Ngoma na Kagarama. Icyicaro cya Komini Kagano cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyamasheke, mu myubako zakorerwagamo n’Akarere ka Nyamasheke kugera mu 2017.

- Komini Kirambo yari igizwe na segiteri icumi (10): Segiteri Gahisi, Mpabe, Rangiro, Rwumba, Yove, Kanjongo, Ruheru, Gitongo, Cyato na Tyazo. Icyicaro cya Komini Kirambo cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Kanjongo, ubu hakorera Umurenge wa Kanjongo, Akarere ka Nyamasheke.

- Komini Gatare yari igizwe na Segiteri cumi n’eshatu (13): Segiteri Karambi, Mugomba, Ngange, Cyiya, Kagunga, Buhoro, Macuba, Rukanu, Birembo, Muraza, Rumamfu, Rugano na Mwasa. Icyicaro cya Komini Gatare cyari mu yahoze ari Segiteri Macuba, ubu hakorera Umurenge wa Macuba, Akarere ka Nyamasheke.

1.3. Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, zimwe mu nyito n’ifasi by’inzego z’ubuyobozi byagiye bihindurwa hagamijwe kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi. Ni muri urwo rwego muri gahunda yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi, icyiciro cya mbere (1ère phase de la décentralisation), mu mwaka wa 2001, Komini zakuweho maze iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu igabanywamo uturere 7:

1. Akarere ka Gashonga kahuje Komini Gishoma na Komini Cyimbogo;

2. Akarere ka Bugarama kasimbuye Komini Bugarama;3. Akarere ka Bukunzi kahuje Komini Nyakabuye na Komini

Karengera; 4. Akarere k’Impala kahuje Komini Gisuma na Komini Gafunzo; 5. Akarere ka Nyamasheke kahuje Komini Kagano na Komini

Kirambo;

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6. Akarere ka Gatare kasimbuye Komini Gatare;7. Umujyi wa Cyangugu wari ugizwe n’icyahoze ari Komini

Kamembe.

Muri gahunda yo kwegereza abaturage ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi, icyiciro cya kabiri (2ème phase de la décentralisation) uturere twashyizweho mu 2001 twaje guhindurwa. Hashingiwe ku Itegeko Ngenga No 29/2005 ryo ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2005 rigena inzego z’imitegekere y’igihugu cy’u Rwanda nk’uko ryasohotse mu Igazeti ya Leta Nimero idasanzwe yo ku wa 31 Ukuboza 2005 rigena ivugurura ry’inzego z’ibanze muri gahunda yo kwegereza ubuyobozi n’ubushobozi abaturage, uturere 7 twari tugize ifasi y’iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu twakuweho, hashyirwaho uturere tubiri ari two Rusizi na Nyamasheke:

- Akarere ka Rusizi kahuje izahoze ari Komini Kamembe, Cyimbogo, Gishoma, Bugarama na Nyakabuye.

- Akarere ka Nyamasheke kahuje izahoze ari Komini Gisuma, Gafunzo, Karengera, Kagano, Kirambo na Gatare. Akarere ka Nyamasheke kahawe kandi na Komini Rwamatamu yahoze ibarizwa mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibuye.

1.4. Abayobozi ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994

1.4.1. Abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa perefegitura na superefegitura

Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yayoborwaga na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma, umwanya yahawe asimbuye Perefe Kagimbangabo André wakomokaga i Bwakira mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibuye. Kuyobora Perefegitura, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yabifashwagamo na Superefe Munyangabe Théodore wakomokaga i Nyabitekeri mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo, Superefe Kamonyo Emmanuel wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Kibayi i Butare, Superefe Nizeyimana François na Superefe Muhayimana Amon.

N’ubwo urukiko rwa ICTR rwagize umwere Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, abarokotse Jenoside bemeza badashidi-

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kanya ko yagize uruhare mu iyicwa ryakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Superefe Kamonyo Emmanuel17 na Superefe Munyangabe Théodore18 bo bahamijwe n’Inkiko Gacaca kugira uruhare mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, bahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu. Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari igizwe kandi na supere-fegitura ebyiri: Superefegitura ya Bugumya na Rwesero. Buri superefegitura yari ifite umuyobozi ukurikirana imirimo yayo ya buri munsi, ariko bayoborwa na Perefe wa Perefegitura. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa mu 1994, Superefegitura ya Bugumya yayoborwaga na Superefe Nsengimana Etienne wakomokaga i Gitarama mu yahoze ari Komini Kayenzi, akaba yaritabye Imana. Superefegitura ya Rwesero yo yayoborwaga na Superefe Terebura Gérard wakomokaga ku Gikongoro muri Komini Nshili. FPR-Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Superefe Terebura Gérard yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi cyane cyane mu bwicanyi bwabereye kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika, i Nyamasheke, ku Rwesero n’ahandi. Akaba yarakatiwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamasheke igifungo cya Burundu y’umwihariko.19

1.4.2. Abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa komini

Kugera mu 1994, Komini yari urwego rw’ubuyobozi rwazaga nyuma ya Perefegitura. Komini yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri afatanyije na “Assistant” Burugumesitiri hamwe na Burigadiye wa Komini.

1) Komini Kamembe: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore-we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Kamembe yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Mubiligi Jean–Napoléon wari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND. Akaba yaraguye muri Gereza ya Rusizi muri 2019 nyuma yo kuburanishwa n’Inkiko Gacaca, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Nkanka rumuhanisha igifungo cya burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.20 Umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

17 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Kamembe, Rusizi, 200918 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Gihundwe A, Rusizi, 200919 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamasheke, Nyamasheke, 4 Ukuboza 00820 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire wa Nkanka, Rusizi, 2009

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muri Komini Kamembe wanogejwe na Burugumesitiri Mubiligi Jean –Napoléon afatanyije na “Assistant” Burugumesitiri Minani Gervais nawe wahamijwe n’Inkiko Gacaca kugira uruhare muri Jenoside, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gihundwe rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko.21 Gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside Burugumesitiri yabifashijwemo kandi na Burigadiye wa Komini Gatera Casimir wakomokaga ku Nkanka, akaba yarakatiwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rwahi igifungo cy’imyaka 25 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.22

2) Komini Cyimbogo: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore-we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Cyimbogo yari itarabona Burugumesitiri usimbura Habiyaremye Fabien wari umaze guhagarikwa ku buyobozi bwa Komini kubera imyigaragambyo y’abakozi bavugaga ko batamushaka. Muri icyo gihe, Somayire Célestin wari warigeze kuyobora Komini Gishoma, yari umwe mu bakandida batanzwe ku buyobozi bwa Komini Cyimbogo, ariko Jenoside itangira ataremezwa n’ubwo ariwe wahabwaga amahirwe yo kwegukana umwanya wa Burugumesitiri kubera ko yari umuntu usanzwe uvuga rikijyana muri Komini. Ibyo byatumye yigira umuyobozi wa Komini ku ngufu, akurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Cyimbogo no mu nkengero zayo. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Somayire Célestin yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside. Akaba yaraburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Runyanzovu rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.23

Umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi Somayire Célestin yawunogeje afatanyije na Murengezi Cyprien wari umuyobozi w’uruganda rwa “SONAFRUITS”. Murengezi Cyprien yari umuntu uvuga rikijyana muri Komini, agira uruhare mu ifatwa ry’imyanzuro yose. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Murengezi Cyprien nawe yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside. Akaba yaraburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa

21 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gihundwe, Rusizi, 200822 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rwahi, Rusizi, 200923 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa Runyanzovu, Rusizi, 2008

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Kamembe B rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 19 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.24

N’ubwo Habiramye Fabien yari yarakuwe ku mwanya wa Burugumesitiri, ntibyamubujije nawe kwitabira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Akaba yaraburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Mururu A, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.25

Habiyaremye Fabien yabaye Burugumesitiri asimbuye Bisekwa Pascal. Kimwe na bagenzi be bamusimbuye, Bisekwa Pascal nawe yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Runyanzovu, rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 5 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.26

3) Komini Gishoma: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore-we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Gishoma yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome wari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND. Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome yayoboraga Komini Cyimbogo afatanyije na “Assistant” Burugumesitiri Gasarasi Wellars waje kurokoka Jenoside ubwo yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, hamwe na “Assistant” Burugumesitiri Niyibizi Jean de Dieu wakoreraga ku Murenge wa Gashonga mu gihe ubu bushakatsi bwakorwaga. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Akaba yaraburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rukunguli rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya Burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.27

4) Komini Bugarama: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore-we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Bugarama yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Kamanzi Meshak asimbuye Burugumesitiri Gatabazi Vénuste. Burugumesitiri Kamanzi Meshak yayoboraga Komini Bugarama afatanyije n’ubuyobozi bw’uruganda rwa CIMERWA rwayoborwaga mu 1994 na Sebatware Marcel. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Burugumesitiri Kamanzi Meshak, Gatabazi Vénuste na

24 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa Kamembe B, Rusizi, 200725 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Mururu A, Rusizi, 200726 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Runyanzovu, Rusizi, 2009

27 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rukunguli, Rusizi, 2008

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Sebatware Marcel bahunze igihugu, batinya kuryozwa uruhare bagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Mu 1996, Kamanzi Meshak yarahungutse, agaruka mu Rwanda avuye muri DRC, mu Nkambi ya Kamanyora yari yarahungiyemo, aho yabanaga na Yusufu Munyakazi. Nyuma y’iminsi mike ageze mu Rwanda yahise atabwa muri yombi afungirwa muri Gereza ya Rusizi kugira ngo abashe gukurikiranwa ku byaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hashingiwe ku Itegeko N° 08/96 ryo kuwa 30/8/1996 rihana ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha byibasiye inyoko muntu byakozwe kuva ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990. Abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi basobanura ko Kamanza Meshak yamaze igihe gito muri Gereza ahita arwara, bimuviramo kwitaba Imana ataburanishijwe ku ruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nyuma yo kwitaba Imana Umuryango we wahise ujya kuzana umurambo we, ushyingirwa iwe mu rugo mu Bugarama.28

Abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi basobanura ko Depite Gatabazi Vénuste we yageze mu Nkambi ya Gashusha muri DRC ararwara. Umurwango we uba mu Bugarama ukaba wemeza ko yitabye Imana, ashyingurwa muri Kongo. Akaba yaritabye Imana ataburanishijwe ku ruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.29 Sebatware Marcel wayoboraga uruganda rwa CIMERWA we yaburanishijwe n’Inkiko Gacaca adahari, ashinjwa n’abaturage mu rukiko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa Muganza kugira uruhare rutaziguye mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, cyane cyane mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri CIMERWA.30 Nzigiyimana Michel wabaye Inyangamugayo mu Nkiko Gacaca mu Murenge wa Muganza kimwe n’abandi batangabuhamya bavuga ko n’ubwo yashinjwe ntiyakatiwe n’Inkiko Gacaca «kubera uburiganya», ariko abandi bafatanyije muri Jenoside bo barakatirwa31.

5) Komini Nyakabuye: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore-we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Nyakabuye yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Nsengumuremyi Diogène wari

28 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MURENGERANTWARI Davide mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Nzeri 201929 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MURENGERANTWARI Davide mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Nzeri 201930 Urubanza rwa Sebatware Marcel, Urukiko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa Muganza, 200831 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZIGIYIMANA Michel mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 28 Nzeri Ukwakira 2019.

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umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND. Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamarongo rukaba rwaramuhanishije igifungo cya burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.32 Gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside Burugumesitiri yabifashijwemo na Burigadiye wa Komini Semutwa Apollinaire, akaba nawe yaraburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa Nyakabuye, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.33

6) Komini Gisuma: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore-we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Gisuma yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Nsengumuremyi Fulgence wari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND. Komini Gisuma ikaba yarakomokagamo Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Bagambiki Emmanuel na Depite Barigira Felicien bose bari bafite ijambo rikomeye mu miyoborere yayo.

RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Burugumesitiri Nsengumuremyi Fulgence yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Akaba yaraburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Giheke, n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Munyove II rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi34,35.

Gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside Burugumesitiri yabifashijwemo kandi na Rwakazina Védaste wari Burigadiye wa Komini, akaba yaraburanishijwe n’urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Shagasha, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.36

Nsabimana Callixte wayoboraga uruganda rw’icyayi rwa Shagasha nawe azwi kuba umwe mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Gisuma. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Nsabimana Callixte yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside. Akaba yaraburanishije n’Inkiko Gacaca adahari, Inama rusange

32 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamaronko, Rusizi, 200833 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyakabuye, Rusizi, 200834 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Giheke, Rusizi, 200835 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Munyove II, Rusizi, 200836 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Shagasha, Rusizi, 2008

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y’umurenge wa Isha imuhanisha igihano cyo gufungwa burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.37

7) Komini Gafunzo: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Gafunzo yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Karorero Charles wari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND. Komini Gafunzo yakomokagamo Munyangabe Théodore wari Superefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, akaba yari afite ijambo rikomeye mu miyoborere ya Komini. Munyangabe Théodore akaba yarakatiwe n’inkiko Gacaca, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.38 Burugumesitiri Karorero Charles nawe yaburanishijwe n’Inkiko Gacaca, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside.

8) Komini Karengera: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore-we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Karengera yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Sinzabakwira Straton wari umurwanashyaka wa PSD. Burugumesitiri Sinzabakwira Straton akaba yararangije igihano cy’imyaka 20 yakatiwe n’Inkiko Gacaca nyuma yo kwirega, kwemera no gusaba imbabazi z’ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.39 Ubu akaba yarasubiye mu buzima busanzwe.

9) Komini Kagano: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore-we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Kagano yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys wari umurwa-nashyaka ukomeye wa MDR. Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys yatorewe kuyobora Komini Kagano muri Werurwe 1993, asimbura Burugumesitiri Sewabeza Jean Pierre wahise aba umunyamabanga kuri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, aba na Visi Perezida wa CDR ku rwego rwa Perefegitura. Gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside Burugumesitiri yabifashijwemo na Burigadiye wa Komini Kabera Gaston wakomokaga i Nyakabingo, akaba yaraburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’ubujurire rwa Mubumbano mu Murenge wa Kagano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 29 kubera kugira uruhare muri

37 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa Isha, Nyamasheke, 200738 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Gihundwe A, Rusizi, 200939 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Straton ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.

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Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.40Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys nawe yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’ubujurire rwa Mukinja, mu Murenge wa Kagano, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside.41

Sewabeza Jean Pierre we yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha byo mu rwego mpuzamahanga, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu. Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys na Sewabeza Jean Pierre bakaba barakurikiranye ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside muri Komini Kagano bafatanyije na Rurangwangabo Pascal na Hitimana Antoine nabo bigeze kuyobora Komini Kagano. Rurangwangabo Pascal akaba yaraburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’ubujurire rwa Mubumbano mu Murenge wa Kagano, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 30 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.42 Hitimana Antoine nawe yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’ubujurire rwa Nyamasheke mu Murenge wa Nyamasheke, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.43

10) Komini Kirambo: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakore-we Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Kirambo yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias wari umurwa-nashyaka ukomeye wa MRND. Kuyobora Komini Kirambo Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias yabifashwaga na “Assistant” Burugumesitiri Kayiranga Gaston na “Assistant” Burugumesitiri Kayitsinga Bernard bafunzwe mu byitso mu 1990 ku bw’amahirwe barafungurwa.44 Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’ubujurire rwa Gitongo mu Murenge wa Kanjongo, n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Nyamasheke mu Murenge wa Kagano, hose ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 25 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi45,46.

40 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Mubumbano, Nyamasheke, 200941 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Mukinja, Nyamasheke, 2010

42 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Mubumbano, Nyamasheke, 200843 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Nyamasheke, Nyamasheke, 200944 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HAKIBA Jonathan mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 21 Ugushyingo

2017. (Hakaba Jonathan yabaye Assistant Burugumesitiri muri Komini Kirambo, akorana na Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias ariko aza kwimurirwa i Gitarama muri Superefegitura ya Kiyumba kubera ko batumvikanaga, amuziza ko arwanya MRND kubera ko yabaga muri MDR)

45 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Gitongo, Nyamasheke, 200946 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Nyamasheke, Nyamasheke, 2010

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11) Komini Gatare: Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Komini Gatare yayoborwaga na Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien wari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MDR. Akaba yaraburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Buhoro mu Murenge wa Macuba, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 25 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.47 Umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Gatare Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien yawufashijwemo na mukuru we Mazimpaka Innocent alias Nette cyangwa Ruteruzi. Yakoreraga umuryango mpuzama-hanga wa SNV i Kigali, ariko akaba yari iwabo mu Gatare ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Mazimpaka Innocent yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Akaba yaraburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Mahembe rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.48

Imbonerahamwe igaragaza abayobozi ba komini zari zigize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu 1994 n’uruhare bagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

KOMINI AMAZINA YA BURUGUMESITIRI

URUHARE RWE MURI JENOSIDE

IGIHANO YAHAWE

1 Kamembe MUBILIGI Jean Napoléon

Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Kamembe

Yahanishijwe Igifungo cya burundu

2 Cyimbogo SOMAYIRE Célestin yigize Burugumesitiri n’ubwo ariwe wahabwaga amahirwe mu bakandida bari baratanzwe.

Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Cyimbogo

Yahunze igihugu, aburanishwa adahari, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko

47 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Buhoro, Nyamasheke, 200948 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Mahembe, Nyamasheke, 2009

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3 Gishoma NKUBITO Jean Chrysostome

Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Gishoma

Yahunze igihugu, aburanishwa adahari, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu

4 Nyakabuye NSENGUMUREMYI Diogène

Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Nyakabuye

Yahanishijwe Igifungo cya burundu

5 Bugarama KAMANZI Meshak Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Bugarama

Yaguye muri Gereza ya Rusizi atarabura-nishwa

6 Karengera SINZABAKWIRA Straton

Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Karengera

Yarireze yemera ibyaha, ahanishwa Igifungo cy’imyaka 20

7 Gisuma NSENGUMUREMYI Fulgence

Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Gisuma

Yahunze igihugu, aburanishwa adahari, ahanishwa igifungo cya burundu.

8 Gafunzo KARORERO Charles

Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Gafunzo

Yahanishi-jwe Igifungo cya burundu

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9 Kagano KAMANA Aloys Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Kagano

Yahanishi-jwe Igifungo cya burundu

10 Kirambo MAYIRA Mathias Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Kirambo

Yahanishi-jwe Igifungo cy’imyaka 25

11 Gatare RUGWIZANGOGA Fabien

Ari ku isonga mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Gatare

Yahanishi-jwe Igifungo cy’imyaka 25

1.4.3. Abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa segiteri

Segiteri rwari urwego rw’ubuyobozi rwegereye abaturage rwayoborwaga na konseye. Gahunda za Leta n’imyanzuro yafatiwe ku rwego rwa komini na perefegitura byagezwaga ku baturage na konseye wa segiteri. Konseye yari umutegetsi ukomeye, atanga umurongo ngenderwaho w’ibigomba gukorwa muri segiteri kandi ibyo ategetse byose bigomba kubahirizwa n’abaturage ayobora. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari igizwe muri rusange na segiteri 115. Ku mugereka w’iki gitabo murahasanga imbonerahamwe igaragaza segiteri zose, abakonseye baziyoboraga mu 1994 n’uruhare bagize muri Jenoside.

1.5. Abayobozi bakuru mu nzego z’igihugu bakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yakomokagamo abategetsi bata-ndukanye bo mu nzego za gisivili na gisirikare.

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1.5.1. Abayobozi bakuru

Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yakomokagamo ababaye abayobozi mu nzego nkuru z’igihugu batandukanye, baranzwe n’urwango, bitabira umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Muri bo harimo :

- Minisitiri Bucyana Martin wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Mururu, Akarere ka Rusizi. Bucyana Martin yabaye Minisitiri w’amaposita kuri Repubulika ya kabiri. Mu 1992, Bucyana Martin niwe wari ukuriye ku rwego rw’igihugu ishyaka rya CDR ryashishikarije Abahutu kurimbura Abatutsi. Akaba yarishwe ku wa 22 Gashyantare 1994, urupfu rwakurikiwe no kwibasira Abatutsi hirya no hino mu Gihugu cyane cyane i Cyangugu aho yakomokaga.

- Minisitiri Ntagerura André wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Karengera, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Ntagerura André yize ibyerekeranye n’ubutegetsi n’ubukungu muri Kaminuza ya Laval iri mu Ntara ya Québec muri Canada. Nyuma yo kurangiza amashuri yakoze muri Kaminuza y’u Rwanda ari Umwarimu nyuma aba Umunyabanga Mukuru w’iyo Kaminuza. Mu 1981, yabaye Minisitiri, ayobora Minisiteri zitandukanye zirimo iy’Imibereho Myiza y’Abaturage no Guteza Imbere Amakoperative, iy’Imirimo ya Leta n’Ingufu, iy’Amashuri Makuru n’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubuhanga n’iy’Ubwikorezi n’Itumanaho ari na yo yabarizwagamo ONATRACOM.

Mu 1994, Ntagerura André yari Minisitiri w’Ubwikorezi n’Itumanaho. Kugera mu 1994, Ntagerura André ni we wari Minisitiri urusha abandi uburambe muri ako kazi, akaba kandi umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND, ishyaka ryateguye rikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Kubera iyo mpamvu, yahawe ubutumwa bwo guhagararira guverinoma mu mishyikirano na FPR yabereye Arusha muri Tanzaniya. N’ubwo yagizwe umwere na TPIR, abarokotse Jenoside bemeza ko ari umwe mu bateguye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi i Cyangugu cyane cyane mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera na Bugarama.

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Mu bayobozi bo mu nzego nkuru z’igihugu bakomokaga muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu harimo kandi :

- Minisitiri Dr. Nsengumuremyi François wakomokaga i Mibirizi mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rukunguri, Komini Gishoma, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi. Dr. Nsengumuremyi François yabaye Minisitiri w’Ubuzima muri Guverinoma yashyizweho ku wa 4 Gashyanatre 1991. Nta bwo ariko yatinze muri iyo Guverinoma kubera ko atagaragaye mu bagize Guverinoma yashyizweho ku wa 31 Ukuboza 1991, aho ku mwanya yariho yasimbujwe Dr. Ndarihoranye Jean-Baptiste wakomokaga ku Gisenyi. Ubwo Dr. Nsengumuremyi François yabaga Minisitiri yikomwe bikomeye na Ngeze Hassan wari umuyobozi mukuru wa Kangura avuga ko Inyenzi zabinjiyemo. Ibyo byatumye yegura kuri uwo myanya, ajya gukora muri Croix-Rouge Rwanda. Akaba yararokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

- Minisitiri Nkundabagenzi Fidèle wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamasheke. Nkundabagenzi Fidèle yabaye Minisitiri w’Itangazamakuru muri Guverinoma yashyizweho ku wa 31 Ukuboza 1991. Nta bwo ariko yatinze muri Guverinoma kubera ko atagaragaye mu bagize Guverinoma yashyizweho ku wa 16 Mata 1992 aho ku mwanya yariho yahise asimbuzwa Ndengejeho Pascal wakomokaga i Kigali.

- Minisitiri Nteziryayo Siméon wakomokaga ku Rusunyu mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Gihundwe, Akarere ka Rusizi. Nteziryayo Siméon yabaye Ministre des Travaux Publics na Minisitiri mu biro bya Perezida wa Repubulika kuri Repubulika ya kabiri kugera mu 1991.

- Ambasaderi Bizimana Jean Damascène wakomokaga i Nyamateke muri Nyamugali, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Shangi, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Mu 1994, Bizimana Jean Damascène yari ahagarariye u Rwanda muri ONU. Nk’umunyapolitiki wari ukomeye, ntiyigeze aba umunyakuri ngo atangarize Akanama gashinzwe Umutekano ku Isi ko ibiri kubera mu Rwanda ari Jenoside: umugambi wateguwe wo kurimbura Abatutsi. Ahubwo yavugaga ko ubwicanyi buri kubera mu Rwanda bwatewe n’ihanurwa ry’Indege ya Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal, agashimangira ko Leta y’Inzibacyuho igiye kugarura

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umutekano mu baturage. Ubu aba muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, mu mujyi wa Opelika.49

- Ambasaderi Ndagijimana Jean Marie Vianney wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo i Mururu, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi. Ndagijimana Jean Marie Vianney yakoze akazi gatandukanye muri Leta yateguye inashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yakoze muri Ministeri y’Ubutegetsi n’Amajyambere y’Abaturage nk’umujyanama wa Minisitiri Colonnel Alexis Kanyarengwe wasimbuwe na Minisitiri Thomas Habanabakize, akora muri Ambasade y’u Rwanda mu Bubiligi, nyuma aba Umunyamabanga mukuru muri Ministeri y’Abakozi ba Leta, Imirimo n’Ihugurwa ry’Abakozi kugeza muri Mutarama 1986. Kuva ubwo, Ndagijimana Jean Marie Vianney yabaye Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda Addis-Abeba, ahagarariye u Rwanda muri Ethiopie na Sudani, anahagarariye u Rwanda mu muryango w’ibihugu by’Afurika wa OUA, no muri CEA ikigo cya ONU cyari gishinzwe ibibazo by’ubukungu muri Afurika. Mu 1990 yabaye Ambasaderi w’u Rwanda mu Bufaransa akorera i Paris kugeza muri Mata 1994. Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, yabaye Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga, ahunga Igihugu muri Nzeri 1994. Ubu aba mu Bufaransa, akaba ari mu murongo w’abapfobya bakanahakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

- Procureur Nkubito Alphonse Marie wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama. Nkubito Alphonse Marie yize amategeko muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda, aho yarangirije icyiciro cya 2 cya Kaminuza mu 1978. Nyuma yo kurangiza Kaminuza yakoze imirimo itandukanye muri Minisiteri y’Ubutabera kugeza abaye Umushinjacyaha Mukuru w’u Rwanda.Nkubito Alphonse Marie ni umwe mu bantu 5050 bashinze umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bw’ikiremwamuntu uzwi ku izina rya

49 Bosco, David (4 April 2010). „Rwanda’s ex-U.N. ambassador, who vanished after genocide, resurfaces in Alabama”. The Washington Post.50 Hangimana F. Xavier, Mbaraga Paul, Havugimana Deogratias, Mukama Révérien, Ntampaka Charles, Murayi

Oscar, Semusambi Félicien, Nkongoli Laurent, Mukasine Marie Claire, Nkezabo Jean Damascène, Nyagatare Diogène, Nkubito Alphonse Marie, Rwabagande Servilien, Kabagema Ferdinand, Habiyaremye Antoine, Mbarushimana Bonaventure, Kamanzi Alphonse, Mugiraneza Prosper, Nkurunziza Charles, Mbonampeka Stanislas, Sezikeye Gaspard, Hitimana Antoine, Niyonsaba Séraphine, Cyanzayire Aloysie, Harerimana Stanislas, Ntamfurayinda Joseph, Ntakirutimana Charles, Rubaduka Jean, Niyomubyeyi Victor, Cyiza Augustin, Hakizimfura Emmanuel, Byabarumwanzi François, Mukayiranga Landrada, Ngango Félicien, Ngabo Pie, Matunguru Sylvestre, Ndorimana Paul, Mukeshimana Léonard, Niyonizera Claudien, Gakwaya Théobald, Bagirubwiko Théoneste, Sibomana André, Mwizerwa Célestin, Uwizeye Mathieu, Muhayimana Isaïe, Mugenzi Louis-Marie, Munyemana Justin, Gasasira Ephrem, Muhayeyezu Albert, Ruhumuriza Gaspard.

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“Association Rwandaise pour la Défense des Droits de l’Homme (ARDHO)”. ARDHO yashinzwe ku wa 30 Nzeri 1990 nyuma yo kubona ko uburenganzira bwa muntu bukomeje guhonyorwa hirya no hino mu Gihugu. Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Nkubito Alphonse Marie yabaye Minisitiri w’Ubutabera kuva muri Nyakanga 1994 kugeza muri Kanama 1995. Yitabye Imana ku wa 23 Gashyantare 1997 azize uburwayi.

1.5.2. Abadepite

Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yakomokagamo abadepite batandukanye babaye mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda. Ikibabaje ni uko aho kuba intumwa za Rubanda muri rusange, biyeguriye umugambi wa Jenoside, bashishikarira kurimbura Abatutsi. Muri bo harimo:

- Depite Busunyu Michel wakomokaga mu Rwintare mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamasheke. Yabaye Depite kuri Repubulika ya mbere. Mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Busunyu Michel yari Perezida wa MRND muri Komini Karengera. Akaba yaraburanishijwe n’Inkiko Gacaca, ahanishwa igihano cya burundu y’umwihariko kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.51

- Depite Baligira Felicien wakomokaga i Bugungu mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Giheke, Akarere ka Rusizi. Kuba umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND byamufashije kuba Umudepite mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’u Rwanda. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Depite Barigira Félicien yahise ahunga Igihugu, ubu aba mu Bufaransa. Akaba ari ku rutonde rw’abashakishwa n’Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda kugira ngo bakurikiranwe ku ruhare bagize mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

- Depite Gatabazi Vénuste wakomokaga muri Segiteri Muhehwe, mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi. Yaguye muri DRC ataburanishijwe ku ruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

51 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Gashonga, Rusizi, 2009; Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Gihundwe B, Rusizi, 2010;

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- Depite Kamanzi Meshak wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama. Yaguye muri Gereza ya Rusizi ataburanishijwe ku ruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

- Depite Kwitonda Pierre wakomokaga muri Segiteri Kigurwe, mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi. Yaguye muri Gereza ya Rusizi.

1.6. Abanyapolitiki bazwi ku rwego rw’igihugu

Mu banyapolitiki bazwi ku rwego rw’Igihugu bakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu harimo:

- Twagiramungu Faustin alias Rukokoma wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi. Yabaye Umuyobozi Mukuru wa Société des Transports Internationaux au Rwanda (STIR) yari ishinzwe ubwikorezi mu Rwanda. Azwi nk’umunyapolitiki ukomeye wahanganye n’ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal batavugaga rumwe. FPR-Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside, Twagiramungu Faustin yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe ku wa 19 Nyakanga 1994. Uwo mwanya ariko ntiyawumazeho igihe kirekire kuberako yahise ahunga Igihugu ku wa 31 Kanama 1995. Ubu aba mu Bubiligi, akaba ari mu murongo w’abapfobya bakanahakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

1.7. Abayobozi mu nzego za gisirikare

Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yakomokagamo abasirikare bakomeye batandukanye bari no mu nzego zo hejuru zifatirwamo ibyemezo barimo Brigadier Général Gratien Kabiligi wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe aho yavukiye mu 1951. Yize ibijyanye n’igisirikare kandi agira imyanya ikomeye mu nzego zacyo. Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Brigadier General Gratien Kabiligi yari umuyobozi w’ibikorwa bya gisilikari by’ingabo z’igihugu (FAR). Uretse Brigadier Général Gratien Kabiligi, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yakomokagamo abasirikare batandukanye barimo: Lt Colonel Innocent Rwanyagasore, Lt Colonel GD Innocent Bavugamenshi wakomokaga muri Segiteri Nyamubembe muri Komini Nyakabuye, Lt Colonel Claudien Singirankabo wakomokaga i Mutimasi muri Komini Cyimbogo, Major Rwabukwisi Alexis,

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Major Augustin Cyiza wayoboraga Urukiko rwa Gisirikare akomoka muri Komini Gafunzo, Major Bizimungu Christophe, Captaine Kayihura Pascal, Captaine Habyarimana Innocent wavukaga muri Segiteri Bunyangurube, Komini Gafunzo, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nyabitekeri, Captaine Twagiramungu Théophile wakomokaga muri Komini Nyakabuye, Capitaine Sagahutu Innocent wakomokaga muri Komini Gisuma, Lt Kanamugire Callixte, Lt Maniraguha Damien wakomokaga muri Komini Kagano, Lt Nsengamungu Bernardin, S/Lt Hitimana Anaclet, S/Lt Habimana Faustin n’abandi.

N’ubwo abasirikare bavuzwe haruguru bakomoka mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, mu 1994 bari hirya no hino mu Gihugu ku buryo bigoye kumenya uko buri wese yitwaye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hari abagarukwaho n’abatangabuhamya barimo Brigadier Général Gratien Kabiligi bemeza ko n’ubwo Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwamugize umwere mu rwego rwa nyuma rw’ubujurire, taliki ya 11 Gashyantare 2014, abarokotse Jenoside bemeza ko ari umwe mu bashyigikiye umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yibukwa kandi kuba yararanzwe n’imvugo zishishikariza Abasirikare kurwanya uwo yitaga umwanzi aho yakundaga gukoresha ijambo ry’igifaransa “déraciner” bivuze kurimbura.52 Nk’uko byari byaremejwe n’urwego rukuru rwa Gisirikare nawe yabarizwagamo byavugwaga ku mugaragaro ko umwanzi w’Abahutu ari Umututsi.

Hari kandi Capitaine Innocent Sagahutu wari umugaba wungirije wa “Bataillon de reconnaissance,” umutwe w’ingabo z’u Rwanda ushinzwe iperereza kugera muri Nyakanga 1994. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhararika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Capitaine Innocent Sagahutu yahunze Igihugu, yerekeza muri Denmark. Ku wa 15 Gashyantare 2000, Capitaine Innocent Sagahutu yafatiwe i Skjern muri Denmark, ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2000 yohererezwa Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda Arusha (ICTR) muri Tanzaniya.

52 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Théoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi , Aloys Ntabakuze Anatole Nsengiyumva, Case No. ICTR-98-41-T, Judgement and Sentence, igika cya 278, urupapuro rwa 66, 18 Ukuboza 2008.

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Yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko rwa ICTR, ashijwa kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, akatirwa igifungo cy’imyaka 15 ku wa 11 Gashyantare 201453. Mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi 2014, Theodor Meron wahoze ari umucamanza w’Urukiko rwa ICTR akaza kugirwa umuyobozi w’urwego rwa MICT (Mechanism for International Criminal Tribunals) rwahawe inshingano zo kurangiza imanza z’uru rukiko, yarekuye by’agateganyo Capitaine Innocent Sagahutu nyuma yo kurangiza 2/3 by’igihano yari yahawe.

Abatangabuhamya bagaruka kandi kuri Lt Colonel Claudien Singirankabo wakomokaga i Mutimasi muri Komini Cyimbogo. Azwiho kuba yarahaye imbunda Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi mu Bugarama, imbunda zanyujijwe kuri Sebatware Marcel wayoboraga uruganda rwa CIMERWA. Izo mbunda nizo Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi zigiyeho kurasa, zinakoreshwa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Cyangugu ndetse no ku Kibuye ku Musozi wa Kizenga no mu Bisesero.54

Uretse abigaragaje mu gushyigikira umugambi wa Jenoside, Abarokotse Jenoside bagaruka ku butwari bwaranze Lt Colonel GD Innocent Bavugamenshi wakomokaga muri Segiteri Nyamubembe muri Komini Nyakabuye. Yayoboye Jandarumori ya Cyangugu kuva mu mpera z’Ukwezi kwa Mata 1994 asimbuye Lt Colonel Ladislas Munyarugerero. Lt Colonel Bavugamenshi Innocent amaze kumenya ko Interahamwe zifite umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi bari barokotse kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi nyuma y’aho abenshi muri bo bishwe, cyane cyane mu bitero bagabweho n’Interahamwe za Bandetse Edouard kuva ku wa 07 kugera kuwa 30 Mata 1994, Padiri Ndorimana asobanura ko kuwa 5 Gicurasi 1994 Lt Colonel Bavugamenshi Innocent yagiye i Mibirizi kuvugana na Bandetse Edouard wari ukuriye Interahamwe, ahava bemeranyijwe ko nta Nterahamwe igomba kongera gusagarira abapadiri n’impunzi barokotse i Mibirizi.55 Kuva ubwo abarokokeye i Mibirizi bemezako bagize agahenge, kugera bajyanywe mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi.

53 The Prosecutor v. Augustin Ndindiliyimana, François-Xavier Nzuwonemeye and Innocent Sagahutu, Case NO. ICTR-00-56-A, Judgment, Appeals Chamber, 11 Febrary 2014.

54 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAPFAKURERA Jean mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 03 Ugushyingo 2017. Yarokotse Jenoside akaba yarakoraga muri CIMERWA.55 Ndorimana Jean, Rwanda 1994: Idéologie, Méthode et négationisme du génocide des Tutsi. A la lumière

de la chronique de la région de Cyangugu. Perspectives de construction, Edition VIVERE IN, 2003, p.78

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Abarokotse Jenoside bazirikana na none ubutwari bwa Lt Colonel Bavugamenshi Innocent wabakijije Interahamwe zari zarangije kubagotera mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi, ku wa 23 Kamena 1994. Mu gihe Interahamwe zari zitaratangira kwica, ariko zamaze kunoza imyiteguro yose, buri wese ahagaze mu mwanya we, Lt Colonnel Bavugamenshi Innocent yabatabaye aherekejwe n’imodoka ebyiri zuzuye abajandarume bavuye i Cyangugu.56 Bageze i Nyarushishi, Lt Colonnel Bavugamenshi Innocent yabwiye Interahamwe ko bose bajya kwakira Abafaransa bari baje muri Opération Turquoise, impunzi zigasigara zirinzwe n’abajandarume bari bazanye nawe. Interahamwe zose zahise zigenda, Abatutsi bari mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi barokoka batyo.57

1.8. Imibanire y’Abanyarwanda mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Cyangugu yari izwi nka “Teritwari ya Shangugu” mbere y’i 1959, yari ituwe n’amoko yose kandi abayituye bari babanye neza. Kubera ko Cyangugu yari ku mupaka, yari ifite umwihariko w’uruvangitirane rw’abantu kuko abenshi babaga barakomotse muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo (harimo abaturutse za Rwindi kwa Ngweshi i Burega, i Bukavu n’ahandi), abandi baraturutse i Burundi. Kayumba Sébastien asobanura ko abenshi muri bo bazaga gutura i Cyangugu bahunze kubera kunaniranwa n’abategetsi babo, abandi bakazanwa no gushaka imibereho: kuroba, guhiga n’ibindi. Muri rusange ariko barangwaga no kubana neza n’abo basanze.58

Imibanire y’abatuye Cyangugu yatangiye kuzamo agatotsi nyuma y’itangira ry’inkubiri ya “Révolution Sociale” yo mu 1959. Ni bwo Abatutsi batangiye kwicwa, barameneshwa, baratwikirwa, imitungo yabo irasahurwa, abenshi bahunga igihugu, abasigaye insoresore za MDR PARMEHUTU zitwaga Abajenesi zirabatoteza, zirabahohotera harimo no kubambura ibyabo.

56 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ukwakira 2017.57 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NAMBAJIMANA Donati mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ugushyingo 2017.58 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sébastien mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2017.

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1.8.1. Mbere y’Ubukoloni

Mbere y’umwaduko w’Abakoloni, Abanyarwanda bari babanye neza mu yahoze ari Teritwari ya Shangugu, basabana muri byose. Kimwe n’ahandi hose mu gihugu, bari bafite amoko yabahuzaga ashingiye ku miryango. Habaga umuryango mugari (clan) uhuriwemo n’imiryango myinshi (Abacyaba, Abungura, Ababanda, Abega, Abashambo, Abasinga, Abanyiginya, Abatsobe,...). Amenshi muri ayo mazina y’imiryango yabaga ahuriweho n’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Buri muryango wagiraga umukuru cyangwa umuyobozi n’ikiwuranga rusange (tôtème), akenshi cyabaga ari inyamaswa cyangwa inyoni. Ibyo ni byo Bernard Lugan yagaragaje ubwo yandikaga ko u Rwanda rwihariye muri Afurika, ko ari igihugu cyuzuye, kandi imbibi zacyo ntizashyizweho n’ubukoloni. Avuga ko muri icyo gihugu amoko abiri ariyo yiganje: Abahutu n’Abatutsi, kandi yose avuga ururimi rumwe, akanahurira ku gihugu kimwe bemera bose. Mu by’ukuri ibibatandukanya ntibishingiye ku moko, ahubwo ku mibanire ishingiye ku ngoma ya Cyami.59 Muri rusange, Abanyarwanda bose bari bamwe, basenyera umugozi umwe nk’abavandimwe basangiye byose.

1.8.2. Mu gihe cy’Ubukoloni

Imibanire myiza yaranze Abanyarwanda mbere y’ubuko-loni ntiyakomeje, yasenyutse buhoro buhoro ku nyungu z’Abakoloni. Abakoloni b’Ababiligi bakigera mu Rwanda nyuma yo gutsinda Abadage mu 1916 bazanye impinduka nyinshi mu nzego zitandukanye z’imibereho y’Abanyarwanda bagamije gusenya ibyari bibabumbiye hamwe. Abakoloni n’abamisiyoneri bakoresheje amayeri menshi kugera Umwami Yuhi V Musinga wayoboraga u Rwanda bamukuye ku bwami, bamucira i Kamembe muri Cyangugu.

1.8.2.1. Umugambi w’Ababiligi wo guhirika ingoma ya Cyami

Abakoloni b’Ababiligi bagambiriye guhirika ingoma ya Cyami mu macenga akomeye Abanyarwanda batari kuzamenya vuba ariko i bwami bo babonaga aho biganisha. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Umwami Yuhi V Musinga ntiyashoboye kumvikana

59 Bernard Lugan (1997), Histoire du Rwanda, de la prehistoire a nos jours, Bartillat, P.68- 69.

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na bo kuko bashatse kwivanga mu miyoborere y’u Rwanda no guhindura imyemerere y’Abanyarwanda.

1.8.2.1.1. Kwambura Umwami Yuhi V Musinga ububasha n’icyubahiro

Mbere na mbere Ababiligi bambuye Umwami kuba umukuru w’igihugu. Bashyizeho uburyo bw’imiyoborere bwaturukaga mu bwami bw’u Bubiligi. Mu mwaka wa 1917, nyuma y’umwaka umwe bageze mu Rwanda, bashyizeho “Rezidansi” y’u Rwanda, hategeka Major Declerk. Bashyiraho za ‘Teritwari” ari na ko batoranya abatware bo kuziyobora. Imitegekere y’u Rwanda yarahinduwe cyane, hagenda hashyirwaho indi yihariye izwi cyane n’Ababiligi. Dore uko ubutegetsi bwakurikiranaga mu gukomera:

1. Leta y’u Bubiligi ihagarariwe n’Umwami w’u Bubiligi ni yo yari hejuru;

2. Minisitiri ushinzwe ibihugu bikolonizwa n’u Bubiligi;3. Guverineri Mukuru wa Kongo na Rwanda-Urundi60

4. Visi-Guverineri w’u Rwanda-Urundi;5. Rezida w’u Rwanda;6. Umwami w’u Rwanda.

Umwami w’u Rwanda yakoreraga munsi y’amategeko ya Rezida. Nta cyo yashoboraga gukora atabanje kubyemererwa na Rezida. Iyo mitegekere yababaje Umwami Yuhi V Musinga maze agaragaza kutihanganira uko gukorerwamo. Abakoloni babonye ko Umwami Yuhi V Musinga atayoboka bamwambuye ubushobozi bwose, igitinyiro ndetse n’ibyubahiro ku buryo batatinyaga kumuha amabwiriza, bamufata nk’umukozi wabo bwite. Kuva ubwo rubanda rwatangiye kumubona nk’usanzwe, baramutinyuka. Umwami na we yajya gufata icyemezo bikamugora kuko yabanzaga kubaza Rezida Major Declerk uko abyumva.

Mu 1917, Rezida Major Declerk yategetse Umwami Yuhi V Musinga gusinya iteka riha buri Munyarwanda uburenganzira bwo kuyoboka idini yishakiye. Umwami Yuhi V Musinga yari yaranze kuyoboka idini rindi ritari iry’Abanyarwanda. Ariko kubera igitutu cy’Ababiligi byaratinze aremera, atanga

60 Yabaga Léopord Ville (Kinshasa)

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uburenganzira ku bashaka kuyoboka idini rishya. Umwanditsi Louis de Lacger yerekana ibyari bikubiye muri icyo cyemezo:

Njyewe Musinga, Umwami w’u Rwanda, ntegetse ko guhera uyu munsi umuntu wese wo mu bwami bwanjye afite uburenganzira bwo kujya mu idini ashaka. Buri mushefu cyangwa umusushefu uzabuza abo ayobora cyangwa abana kwihitiramo idini ndetse no kujya kwiga mu mashuri ngo bahabwe ubumenyi, azahanwa hakurikijwe umuco nk’undi mushefu wese wiyibagiza ko agomba kunyumvira no kunyubaha, uwo azahanishwa kuva ku munsi 1 kugeza ku minsi 30 y’igifungo.61

Mu 1922, Ababiligi bambuye umwami ububasha mu bucamanza, icyakora bavuga ko uwo murimo azajya awukora yunganiwe n’umuzungu uhagarariye Rezida. Mu 1923, Abakoloni bagabanya ububasha umwami yari afite bwo kugaba imisozi. Muri uwo mwaka, bamubujije gushyiraho abatware mu gihugu no kubanyaga uko ashaka, abatware b’intara na bo ntibashoboraga gushyiraho abasushefu bitabanje kunyura kuri Rezida. Ihame ry’uko imisozi yose ari iy’umwami riba rivuyeho. Bityo kugirango ugire umusozi ugabana, byasabaga gukeza umukoloni kuko niwe wagabaga byose uko ashatse.

Mu 1925, Abakoloni bavanyeho “Ubwiru” ndetse n’umuhango w’“Umuganura” kubera ko byahaga umwami imbaraga imbere ya rubanda. Kimwe mu byo Ubwiru bwari bushinzwe ni ukuboneza umuhango w’Umuganura. Ubwiru bwari nk’Itegekonshinga ryo muri Repubulika y’ubu, ni bwo bwagenaga imihango y’Ingoma mu bika byitwaga “Inzira z’Ubwiru”

Nyuma yo guca Ubwiru no guhagarika umuhango w’Umuganura, Administrateur wa Nyanza abyumvikanyeho na Musenyeri Classe bahisemo “guca” uwitwaga Gashamura wari umutware w’Abiru, bamucira i Gitega mu Burundi, bamuziza ko yari afite uruhare mu mitegekere no mu mibanire y’ibwami n’Abazungu. Umwami baba bamwambuye umujyanama mukuru yari afite. Nyuma yo guca Gashamura, umuhungu we Rwampungu Abakoloni bahise bamushyira mu ishuri riyoborwa n’Umubiligi kugira ngo bamutoze byinshi mu myumvire yabo

61 Louis de Lacger, Le Ruanda, Kabgayi, 1959, p. 466-467.

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kandi urubyiruko rukomoka mu Biru arukomereze hafi kuko ni bo bari abaragwa b’Ubwiru. Bandora wari Umupfumu n’umujyanama w’ i bwami na we Abakoloni bahise bamwirukana i bwami, bamucayo, bamubuza kuzongera kuhatunguka. Kuva ubwo umwami asigara asa nk’aho ari wenyine. Umwami w’u Rwanda yari asigaye ari Umwami w’ikamba gusa.

Umwami Yuhi V Musinga avuma abana be

Ibikorwa Abakoloni b’Ababiligi bakoreye Umwami Yuhi V Musinga byamuteye kubanga. Bakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo umwami abayoboke ariko atsimbarara ku myemerere bamusanganye. Kubera uko kudahinduka k’umwami byatumye yatura ko n’abe bose batagomba gukurikira abazungu, ngo bayoboke undi mwami wavugwaga muri iyo myaka, ariwe Umwami Yesu Kirisitu. Yabifataga nk’umuziro atabasha kwihanganira. Muri icyo gihe, umukobwa we witwaga Musheshambugu wabaga i Cyangugu yatumye kuri Se, amubwira ko ashaka kujya kwiga idini rya Gikirisitu akazabatizwa, kubera ko umugabo we Rwagataraka wayoboraga Ubusozo n’Ubukunzi i Cyangugu yashakaga kuba Umukirisitu, maze umukobwa we Musheshambugu atangira kwiga ngo azabatizwe mu idini Gatulika. Nk’uko Nizeyimana Innocent abisobanura, inkuru yageze ku Mwami Yuhi V Musinga biramubabaza cyane, maze amwoherereza ubutumwa burimo amagambo akomeye yiganjemo imivumo, kandi yerekana uburyo Umwami Musinga atemeraga idini n’Abakoloni. Yagize ati:

Wantumyeho umenyesha ko umugabo wawe ashaka ko uba umukirisitu, ko kandi na we ubishaka kubera ko uri umugore we. Bari barambwiye ko uwo mugabo wawe Rwagataraka atwanga, none ndabibonye koko ko atwanga. Impamvu itumye mbikubwira ni uko agiye kugukoresha umuziro ntashobora kugushyigikiramo. Navumye uwo ariwe wese mu bana banjye uzahinduka umukirisitu. Nihagira umwe muri bo uba we, azapfe adatunze kandi azabe ikiremba! Naba ari umukobwa, Imana izamfashe azapfe atabyaye, ntazanywe amata ku Muhutu no ku Mututsi kandi azavumwe n’umuntu uwo ari we wese uzi kuvuma! Ntugire ngo ndagukinisha nk’umugabo wawe. Niba ushaka kuba umukirisitu kugira ngo ushimishe umugabo wawe,

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sinzongera kugukunda na rimwe, ndakurahiye. Mbe nica data Rwabugili niba ibyo nkubwiye atari byo. Nzakwifuriza ikibi cyose kibaho kubera kukwanga. Nzakwanga nk’uburozi bwishe umuvandimwe wanjye Munana, nkwange nka mugiga yishe abana banjye Munonozi na Rudacyahwa. Tega amatwi wumve neza, hitamo kunkunda, gukunda ubuzima bwawe cyangwa gukunda Rwagataraka. Nkurahiye nkomeje ko nuramuka ubaye umukirisitu ntazongera kurebana na we mu maso. Mbwira neza icyo utekereza mu mutima wawe. Musheshambugu, mbwiza ukuri kuko uyu ariwo munsi wo kunyereka ko uri umwana wanjye cyangwa utari we. Wibuke ko nuramuka ubaye umukirisitu bizanteranya n’abapadiri, ariko ibyo nta cyo bintwaye”.Yari Papa wawe, Umwami w’u RwandaYuhi Musinga.62

Iyo baruwa ubwayo irerekana ko Umwami Yuhi V Musinga atigeze akunda na gato idini yari izanywe n’Abanyaburayi kandi Abihayimana bari bafite ijambo rikomeye mu gihugu kumurusha n’ubwo yari umwami. Musheshambugu amaze kubona ubutumwa bwa Se yagize ubwoba ntiyemera kubatizwa. Umutware Rwagataraka aramusenda acyurwa n’umutware wo mu Nyantango witwaga Muterahejuru.63

1.8.2.1.2. Umwami Yuhi V Musinga acibwa ku ngoma akoherezwa i Kamembe muri Cyangugu

Kugira ngo Umwami Yuhi V Musinga acibwe ku ngoma no mu gihugu byaturutse ku bamisiyoneri bari bahagarariwe na Musenyeri Classe. Bashinje Umwami Yuhi V Musinga ko yabuzaga Abanyarwanda kuyoboka idini bashaka. Umwanditsi Louis de Lacger asobanura ko Guverineri Voisin wari uhagarariye Umwami w’u Bubiligi muri Ruanda-Urundi yandikiye Musenyeri Classe ashinja Umwami Yuhi V Musinga kutagira ibyo yumva bitari mu nyungu ze gusa. Ashingiye kuri izo mpamvu, yamenyesheje Musenyeri Classe ko Umwami Yuhi

62 Louis de Lacger, Le Rwanda, Kabgayi, 1959, p. 529-530, cité par Nizeyimana Innocent, op.cit., p. 150-15163 GASAKE, A. & GATERA, F., « Yuhi V Musinga Rugwizakurinda Umwami w’u Rwanda mu nzira y’ubunyereri », Kabgayi, 2017 , urupapuro rwa 160

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V Musinga aramutse asimbuwe vuba byaba byiza kurushaho.64 Muri icyo gihe byarashobokaga cyane ko Umwami Yuhi V Musinga yashoboraga no kwicwa kugira ngo asimburwe n’umwe mubo abakoloni n’idini bazahitamo, kuko mu muco umwami yasimburwaga ari uko amaze gutanga. Ariko ntibyakozwe gutyo, bahisemo kumuca bamujyana kure y’ubutegetsi i Kamembe mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

Kubera ko Abanyarwanda bari bagikomeye ku Mwami nk’ikimenyetso cyo kubaho kw’igihugu, igikorwa cyo guhirika Musinga ku ngoma cyasabaga kubanza kwitonderwa. Umwanditsi Van Overschelde asobanura ko icyemezo cyo guca Umwami Yuhi V Musinga cyemejwe mu gitondo cyo kuwa 12 Ugushyingo 1931, Guverineri Voisin atangaza ko Umwami Yuhi V Musinga aciwe ku ngoma y’u Rwanda, ko atakiri Umwami w’u Rwanda.65

Umwami amaze gucibwa yahise agenda, aherekezwa na Nyina Umugabekazi Nyirayuhi V Kanjogera n’abagaragu benshi cyane b’inkoramutima ze, ajya kuba i Kamembe muri Cyangugu. Amaze gucibwa himitswe umwana we Rudahigwa ahabwa izina ry’ubwami rya Mutara. Umwami Yuhi V Musinga ageze i Kamembe, Abanyarwanda benshi bakomeje kujya kumureba no kumutura. Abakoloni babibonye ntibabyishimira, maze bafata umwanzuro wo kwambutsa Musinga umupaka bamujyana i Moba muri Katanga ho muri Kongo Mbiligi, ari na ho yatangiye ku ya 25 Ukuboza 1944.66

1.8.2.1.2. Kwimakaza ubusumbane n’umwiryane mu Banyarwanda

Abakoloni b’Ababiligi bagendeye ku bitekerezo by’ubusumbane bw’amoko byariho mu Burayi icyo gihe, bemeje ko Abanyarwanda badaturuka hamwe, ko batandukanye kandi ko batagereye rimwe mu Rwanda. Abakoloni n’abayobozi b’amadini bemeje kandi ko Abatutsi ari bo bazi ubwenge, maze kubera iyo mpamvu banzura ko ari bo bagomba kwifashishwa mu butegetsi.

64 Louis de Lacger, Le Rwanda, Kabgayi, 1959, p. 466-47765 Van Overschelde, A., Un audacieux pacifique, Grands Lacs, 1948, p. 7366 GASAKE, A. & GATERA, F., op.cit., p. 8

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Mu gihe cy’impera y’ubukoloni bw’Ababiligi (1956-1960), ubwo bamwe mu Banyarwanda bari batangiye gushyira ahagaragara ibitekerezo biganisha ku gushaka ubwigenge, ubutegetsi bw’Abakoloni bufatanyije n’amadini, cyane cyane Kiliziya Gatolika, bwarwanyije uwo murongo. Kubera iyo mpamvu, Abakoloni n’abayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika bashyigikiye itsinda ry’Abahutu basohoye ku wa 24 Werurwe 1957 inyandiko bise “ Note sur l’aspect social du problème racial indigène au Ruanda” yamenyekanye cyane ku inyito ya “Manifeste des Bahutu”. Iyo nyandiko yerekanaga ko Abatutsi ari inzitizi y’iterambere ry’Abahutu mu nzego zose z’ubuzima. Muri icyo gihe kandi, nibwo hari inkubiri y’amashyaka menshi arimo abiri (APROSOMA na PARMEHUTU) yari ashingiye ahanini ku moko yari yashyizweho n’Ababiligi.

APROSOMA na PARMEHUTU yagize uruhare runini mu gusenya umubano wari hagati y’Abanyarwanda no kwimakaza urwango hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Ni muri urwo rwego mu Ugushyingo 1959 habayeho icyiswe “Revolution Sociale” yaranzwe no guhiga no kwirukana mu gihugu Abatutsi bahereye ku bakomeye: Abashefu, Abasushefu n’abandi. Muri icyo gihe, Abatutsi benshi barishwe abandi barameneshwa, amazu aratwikwa, imitungo irasahurwa. Umubare munini w’Abatutsi wameneshejwe wahungiye mu bihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda:Uganda, u Burundi, Tanzaniya na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Uretse abahungiye mu mahanga, abasigaye mu gihugu bakomeje gutotezwa. Muri icyo gihe hari ubwicanyi n’urugomo byakorerwaga Abatutsi, nibwo ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962 u Rwanda rwabonye ubwigenge, maze ruyoborwa na Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda washinze ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU.

1.8.3. Nyuma y’ubwigenge

Nyuma yo kubona ubwigenge mu 1962, ya mashyaka yavuzwe haruguru yasheshwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Repubulika ya mbere, hasigara ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rya MDR-PARMEHUTU. Iryo shyaka ryaranzwe ku buryo bugaragara no kwita ku nyungu z’Abahutu bitaga “Rubanda Nyamwinshi”. Abatutsi badatandukaniye ku mateka, ururimi, umuco n’ibindi byose bihuza abakomoka mu gihugu kimwe bafatwa nk’abanzi,

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bavutswa uburenganzira ku gihugu, baricwa, bahohoterwa batagira kirengera. Mu 1963, bamwe mu Batutsi birukanywe mu gihugu kuva mu 1959 bashatse kugaruka ku ngufu mu bitero bise iby’Inyenzi, batera baturutse aho bahungiye muri Uganda no mu Burundi. Ibyo bitero byakurikiwe no kwica umubare munini w’Abatutsi bari barasigaye imbere mu gihugu. Kimwe n’ahandi hose mu gihugu, muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu hishwe umubare munini w’Abatutsi, bicirwa muri za kasho za Komini no mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe.

Mu 1973, Abatutsi bongeye kwibasirwa mu gihugu hose, cyane cyane mu mashuri no mu kazi. Uwo mwaka wibukwa n’Abanyacyangugu nk’umwaka waranzwe no kwirukana Abatutsi benshi mu kazi no mu mashuri, barameneshwa, bahungira mu Burundi, muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo no mu bihugu bitandukanye by’amahanga.

Ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973, Général Major Habyarimana Juvénal wari Minisitiri w’Ingabo yahiritse ku butegetsi Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire ahita avanaho n’ishyaka rye rya PARMEHUTU. Amaze kumuhirika ku butegetsi, Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal nawe yahise ashyiraho ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rya MRND. Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal yagize iryo shyaka urwego rufite imbaraga kuko mu ntego zaryo harimo gushyigikira no kugenzura ibikorwa by’inzego zinyuranye za Leta. Inzego za MRND ntizari zitandukanye n’iz’ubutegetsi, zari zifite urwego rwo hejuru ruzikuriye kandi zagendaga zigaba amashami kuva ku buyobozi bwo hejuru kugeza ku bw’ibanze. Inzego zo ku rwego rw’igihugu zarimo urwa Perezidansi, urw’Ubunyamabanga Bukuru, urwa Kongere y’Igihugu, n’urwa Komite Nyobozi. Komite Nyobozi yari igizwe na Perezida, Umunyamabanga Mukuru ku rwego rw’Igihugu na Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko (Inama y’Igihugu Iharanira Amajyambere) n’abandi bantu bashyirwagaho na Perezida w’ishyaka. Ku rwego rw’ibanze hariho inzego zo ku rwego rwa perefegitura, urwa komine n’urwa serire. Perefe na Burugumesitiri bari bashinzwe buri wese gushyira mu bikorwa politiki ya MRND mu rwego ategeka, kandi bombi bari abakozi ba

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Leta bashyirwagaho na Perezida wa Repubulika ubwe, ari na we wari Perezida wa MRND, akaba ari we wenyine wari wemerewe kwiyamamaza ku mwanya wa Perezida wa Repubulika.

Ishyaka rya MRND nta ho ryari ritaniye n’irya MDR-PARMEHUTU, kuko na ryo ryari rishishikajwe n’inyungu z’Abahutu, rikomeza guheza no gukandamiza Abatutsi; abahunze igihugu bakomeza kuvutswa uburenganzira ku gihugu cyabo, bangirwa gutahuka ku mugaragaro. Ibyo byashimangiwe na Perezida Habyarimana Juvenal mu 1988 aho yavuze ko impunzi zari zigizwe n’Abatutsi bahunze mu myaka ya 1959, 1961, 1963 no muri 1973 bidashoboka ko zigaruka mu gihugu kuko cyamaze kuzura, abasaba ahubwo gushaka ubwenegihugu bw’aho bari. Impunzi zari hanze y’igihugu zibonye ko kugaruka mu gihugu cyabo mu mahoro bidashoboka, kandi ko Perezida yabahakaniye ku mugaragaro, bahisemo kugaruka ku ngufu. Ni bwo bibumbiye mu mutwe wa Politiki wa FPR-Inkotanyi, maze ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990 batangira urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu barangajwe imbere n’umutwe wa gisirikari wa “RPA-Inkotanyi” yaje guhinduka “FPR-Inkotanyi”.

Urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rugitangira, Abatutsi bari imbere mu gihugu barishwe, abandi bafungwa babita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. Mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu hafashwe Abatutsi benshi muri komini zose, bahera ku bishoboye (abakozi, abacuruzi) bajya gufungirwa kuri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Ku bw’amahirwe abenshi barafunguwe ariko bamaze kubagira ibisenzegeri kubera gukubitwa. Kuva ubwo bakomeje kubaho muri ubwo buzima bwo gutotezwa no gufungwa bya hato na hato.

Mu 1991, Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal yemeye ko mu gihugu habamo amashyaka menshi. Hahise haduka impinduramatwara n’inkubiri y’amashyaka menshi, ayigaragaje cyane ni: MRND yari isanzwe ku butegetsi, MDR (Mouvement Démocratique Républicain), PSD (Parti Social Démocrate), PL (Parti Libéral), PDC (Parti Démocrate Chrétien), PSR (Parti Social Rwandais), na PDI (Partie Démocrate Islamique). Mu 1992 hashinzwe kandi CDR (Coalition pour la Défense de la République).

Ayo mashyaka menshi no mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari ahari, ariko ayamenyekanye cyane akitabirwa

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n’abaturage benshi ni MRND, MDR yayoborwaga ku rwego rw’igihugu na Twagiramungu Faustin wari Umunyacyangugu, akomoka mu yahoze ari Segiteri Ruhoko, Komini Gishoma, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nzahaha, Akarere ka Rusizi hamwe na CDR yayoborwaga ku rwego rw’igihugu na Bucyana Martin, na we wari Umunyacyangugu akomoka mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo i Mutongo, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Mururu, Akarere ka Rusizi.

Amashyaka ya MRND, MDR na CDR yaranzwe no kwenyegeza urwango rushingiye ku moko, yigira umuvugizi w’Abahutu ku mugaragaro akoresheje cyane cyane za mitingi n’ibitangazamakuru bya rutwitsi nka RTLM (Radio Télévision Libre des Milles Collines) na Kangura. Ayo mashyaka yashimangiye ku mugaragaro ko umwanzi w’Abahutu ari Umututsi bitaga “Inyenzi”. Iyo ngengabitekerezo yahawe agaciro n’ubutegetsi bwariho, imyiteguro ya Jenoside iranozwa kugera Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ishyizwe mu bikorwa. Kimwe n’ahandi hose mu gihugu, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Jenoside yahabereye yari ifite ubukana bwinshi kuko imyiteguro yari yarashyizwemo imbaraga zidasanzwe, Interahamwe zaratojwe bihagije kandi haratanzwe inyigisho mu bice byose zishishikariza Umuhutu aho ari hose kumva ko nta wundi mwanzi igihugu gifite uretse Umututsi.

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IGICE CYA KABIRI

IBIKORWA BY’URUGOMO N’UBWICANYI BYAKOREWE ABATUTSI MURI PEREFEGITURA

YA CYANGUGU KUVA MU 1959 KUGERA MU 1990

Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yaranzwe n’ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byibasiye Abatutsi mu buryo buhoraho kuva mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1959. Amateka yuzuyemo ibihe bibi by’urwango byatumye habaho uruhererekane rw’ihohoterwa, gufungwa n’impfu za hato na hato, Abatutsi bakaba ku isonga mu bibasirwa. Abatutsi barishwe, baratwikirwa, imitungo yabo irasahurwa, birukanwa mu kazi no mu mashuri, abarokotse ubwicanyi bahungira i Burundi no muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.

2.1. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi kuva mu cyiswe Révolution Sociale yo mu 1959 kugera mu 1961

Kuva ku itariki ya 1 Ugushyingo 1959 kugera ku itariki ya 1 Nyakanga 1962, u Rwanda rwaranzwe n’imvururu zikomeye mu cyiswe “Révolution Sociale” yo mu 1959. Izo mvururu zatumye Abatutsi ibihumbi n’ibihumbi bicwa hirya no hino mu gihugu, abandi bakurwa mu byabo barameneshwa, bahungira mu bihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda bya Uganda, u Burundi, Tanzaniya na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ubwicanyi bwatangiye mu mpera z’Ugushyingo 1959. Muri uko kwezi hishwe Abatutsi cyane cyane i Mururu hayoborwaga na Sushefu Senuma. Kuva ubwo abatware b’Abatutsi cyane cyane abashefu, abasushefu n’ibisonga byabo bahise batangira guhunga berekeza i Bukavu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.67 Mu bahunze harimo Sushefu Bisanana wayoboraga Biguzi-Mwito-Giheke, Sushefu Rurakaza wo muri Cyimbogo, Sushefu Senuma wo muri Kiranga, Sushefu Kabaya wo muri Gashonga n’abandi. Shefu Biniga we ntiyigeze ahunga, yakomeje kuyobora kugeza muri 1967. Yagiye muri Kongo yimutse bisanzwe, asanze abana be bari basanzwe baragiye gutura yo. Hahunze kandi Sushefu

67 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUNYENTWARI Faustin mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2017.

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Kanyabugugu, Sushefu Mahenehene Céléstin wayobora Susheferi ya Busozo, Sushefu Ntemabiti wayoboraga Susheferi ya Bweyeye n’abandi.68 Uretse abashefu n’abasushefu, hahunze Mwarimu Rwabutiku Antoine, Mwarimu Gashati Evariste wigishaga ku Mugina, Gakwisi wakoreraga Sekabwa n’abandi. Gatama Athanase na Callixte bo muri Karengera bo bahungishijwe na Musemakweli Charles. Muri Kirambo hahunze Rukorera wari utuye mu Kanazi, Rwamuhizi wari utuye i Tyazo, Kanangire, Bagirishya n’abandi Batutsi benshi bari bifashije, hasigara abaturage basanzwe. Muri Gatare hahunze Ndoli, Bagirishya Dester n’umuryango we (amaze kugenda inzu ye bahise bayisenya). Hahunze kandi Gasambi n’abana be, Munyangaju Aloys wo muri Mwasa, Bagirishya Jean Chrysostome wo muri Birembo, Rusumbamisega wo muri Mwasa, Gatare wo muri Macuba, Kabanguka wo mu Kirambo n’abandi. Mu 1960, ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byarakomeje. Muri Gicurasi 1960, hishwe Abatutsi b’i Cyangugu cyane cyane i Nyamasheke hayoborwaga na Sushefu Nyirinkindi. Uretse ubwicanyi, hanatwitswe inzu nyinshi z’Abatutsi. Mu Ukwakira 1960, hatwitswe na none inzu nyinshi muri Sheferi y’Impala cyane cyane ahitwa i Biguzi, i Shangi na Shagasha.69Gutwikira Abatutsi byaherekezwaga n’ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ihohoterwa bitandukanye, harimo no kubamenesha bagahungira i Burundi no muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1960, ibintu byabaye bibi cyane mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yose. Muri uwo mwaka, abanyapolitiki, cyane cyane abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU, bashimangiye urwango hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi, bituma haduka inkubiri ikomeye yo gutwikira Abatutsi no kubamenesha kuva mu Ugushyingo 1960. Byatangiriye muri Nyamasheke mu Bushenge aho uwari umugaragu wa Kayumba witwa Seruhago yishe Shebuja Kayumba wari waramugabiye. Nk’uko Habimana Casimir na Kampogo Constance babisobanura, Seruhago yateye icumu shebuja Kayumba abonye amugushije ariyamira, arivuga ati:

68 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sébastien mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2017.69 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017.

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“nkwice nkwirahire Kayumba wampaye inka”70, 71. Kayumba amaze gupfa yishwe n’umugaragu we, Bayibarire Cyprien asobanura ko inkuru yasakaye muri Cyangugu hose, hirya no hino ku misozi Abahutu bakirirwa biyamira bati: “arapfuye Umututsi Kayumba w’igitwe kinini wangaga Abahutu”72. Kuva ubwo umubano wari hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi wabaye mubi, Abatutsi barameneshwa, barahunga. Muri iyo nkubiri yo guhunga, Abatutsi batwarwaga n’imodoka zari zateganyijwe, ziturutse muri Repubulika Iharanaira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Muri icyo gihe hadutse kandi inkubiri yo gutwikira Abatutsi, umaze kuva mu rugo ahunze inzu ye igahita itwikwa.73

Ibikorwa byo kumenesha no gutwikira Abatutsi byafashe ibice bitandukanye bya Perefefitura ya Cyangugu:

Muri Komini Kamembe ibikorwa byo gutwika no kumenesha Abatutsi byatangiriye ku mutware Rwanyabugigira wari utuye ku Nkanka muri Gitwa. Nyuma yo kumumenesha, bahise batwika inzu ye, amatungo ye barasahura barajyana. Rwanyabugigira abonye ko ashobora no kwicwa yahise ahunga.74 Kuva ubwo inzu z’Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Kamembe zaratwitswe. Mu babashije kumenyekana muri ubu bushakashatsi batwikiwe harimo Bihutu, Misago Laurent na Bandora Vénant bo muri Gihundwe, hatwikwa kwa Ruboneka, kwa Ngarukiye no kwa Nkangara bo ku Nkombo n’ahandi.

Muri Komini Cyimbogo ababashije kumenyekana batwikiwe harimo nyina w’umutware Rusasura, batwikira Innocent wari utuye ku Winteko; i Nyamagana batwikira Baritazari wakoraga kwa Shefu Biniga, batwika no kwa Ephrasie; muri Gitovu batwikira Ambroise, Anselme, Bihugu, Martin Bihuku, Rusuku Mathieu n’abandi. Nyuma yo kubatwikira bahise bahungira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.

Muri Komini Nyakabuye basenyeye Segisoromo Pascal, Rwandekwe Léodomir, Maro, Paul, Rwatambuga Pangarasi,

70 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017. 71 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAMPOGO Constance mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 2017.72 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAYIBARIRE Cyprien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 16 Ugushyingo 2017.73 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUTAGARAMA Eugène mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017.74 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUTERANA Thaddée mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017.

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Mahenehene Célestin wari utuye i Nyabitimbo. Batwikiye kandi Bushikoko Célestin na Kamananga bo muri Mashesha, Nkuta Athanase n’abandi. Nyuma yo kubatwikira, imiryango yabo yahise ihungira i Burundi no muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.

Muri Komini Bugarama batwitse inzu ya Bizimana Fabien, batwikira Rukwavu wo muri Nyampanga, Shyirambere Aloys n’abandi. Hameneshejwe kandi Abatutsi benshi barimo Bayito, Nyampeta n’umukwe we, Sebitama, Gatarayiha, bene Musuhuke, Muhobera, Piyo, Nyamutezi, Murinda André, Bipfuko, Mukankusi, Rukoro wari umuhungu w’umutware Gisazi, Saidi Sefu, Saidi Hamisi, Ibrahim Birara n’abandi, bahungira mu Burundi. Bamaze kugenda amazu yabo yahise asenywa. Muri Komini Karengera hatwitswe inzu ya Munyangeyo Martin, hatwikirwa umuryango wa Nzarubara, umuryango wa Muhinda Théobard na bashiki be 3, hamwe n’abandi benshi bahita bameneshwa, barahunga.

Muri Komini Gisuma hatwitswe kwa Nsengimana Callixte, kwa Karekezi Zacharie, kwa Renzaho Ildephonse, kwa Sembasha, kwa Bidindira n’abandi. Nyuma yo kubatwikira, bahise bahungira muri Kongo. Muri Komini Gafunzo batwikiye Nyiramugufi Véronique wari utuye ku Mugera, basenyera Antoine n’abandi. Komini Gafunzo na Gisuma yarimo aba propagandistes ba PARMEHURU benshi bagize uruhare mu gushimangira urwango hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi kuva mu 1959. Muri bo twavuga Sarukondo wabaye Burugumesitiri wa mbere wa Komini Nyabitekeri akomoka muri Nyabitekeri, Karima wakomokaga i Mwito, Rukeratabaro w’i Bushenge wabaye Burugumesitiri wa Komini Bushenge, Kanyabacuzi wo muri Shagasha wabaye Burugumesitiri wa Komini Shagasha n’abandi. Kumenesha Abatutsi no kubatwikira byasakaye mu bice byose bya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Muri Komini Gatare hatwitswe inzu nyinshi z’Abatutsi cyane cyane ahitwa mu Rudaga, agace kari gasanzwe gatuwemo n’Abatutsi benshi.

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Umubano mubi wigaragaje kandi no mu buzima busanzwe. Kuva mu 1961 insoresore za MDR-PARMEHUTU zitwaga abajenesi birirwaga baririmba ku misozi ngo: “Abatutsi bose bazajya i Nyamata, akazasigara kose tuzagapfakaza, iyumvire LUNARI icyo washakaga!”. Ni muri icyo gihe hariho inkubiri yo kumenesha Abatutsi, babacira i Nyamata mu Bugesera.75

Muri rusange, kuva mu cyiswe Révolution Sociale yo mu 1959, ibikorwa byo guhohotera no kumenesha Abatutsi byahawe intebe. Kubera ko Abatutsi nta yandi mahitamo bari bafite, batagira kirengera, bahise bahunga igihugu berekeza i Burundi no muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, ibyabo birangizwa, ibindi byigabizwa n’Abahutu babamenesheje.

2.2. Kwibasira no kwica Abatutsi muri Repubulika ya mbere (1962-1973)

U Rwanda rumaze kubona ubwigenge ku wa 1 Nyakanga 1962, hagiyeho Repubulika ya mbere iyobowe na Perezida Grégoire Kayibanda. Ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 1962 hagiyeho Itegekonshinga ryagize u Rwanda Repubulika ishingiye kuri demokarasi (Ingingo ya 1, 2, 3, 4 ,7, 8, 9, 10) no ku mategeko agomba kubahiriza ikiremwamuntu ku buryo bujyanye n’amategeko mpuzamahanga. Ikibabaje ariko ni uko kuva Repubulika yajyaho, ibiteganywa n’amategeko ku iyubahirizwa ry’uburenganzira bwa muntu ntibyigeze bishyirwa mu bikorwa kubera ko Abatutsi bakomeje guhohoterwa no kwicwa bazira kuba Abatutsi.

2.2.1. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1962 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Mu 1962, PARMEHUTU yari imaze kugaragara nk’imaze gushinga imizi, yaremye umutwe ugizwe n’insoresore zayo witwa Abajenesi. Rwari urubyiruko bigaragara ko rwahawe inshingano yo gutesha umutwe Abatutsi, bakabatera mu ngo, bakabakubita bakanabasahura. Muri ibyo bikorwa byabo, bagendaga bavuza ingoma, baririmba ku misozi bagira bati: “Mort! Mort! Mort! sasa tunakuja!”, berekana ko utera hejuru bamwica kubera ko bigereranyaga n’urupfu.

75 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017.

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Barangwaga iteka n’ibikorwa by’urugomo bakoreraga Abatutsi. Mu rugo bageragamo bakubitaga abo basanze, utiguze vuba bakamwica. Mu kubikiza bahabwaga inka cyangwa amafaranga kugira ngo bagende. Kurimpuzu Vincent asobanura ibyo yiboneye n’amaso ubwo bateraga nyirarume ahari:

Uwo mutwe wagiye kwa marume witwaga Fulgence, bagendaga baririmba, bahageze baramufata, batangira kumukubita, bakamubwira ngo naramutse ibendera. Baramukubise cyane, maze inkoni ziri hafi kumwica bafata ikimasa yagiraga bagiha izo nsoresore zibona kumureka. Izo nsoresore zabaga akenshi zishyigikiwe n’abantu bakuru, ari nabo bababwira aho bagomba gutera. Abateye kwa marume bari bashyigikiwe na Serusatsi Célestin, Ildéphonse Kanyamibwa, Pawulini, Kanyamibwa Védaste, Nyaminani Louis, Mahuku John, Sindambiwe, Mbarubukeye, Muzindutsi Adrien n’abandi. Muri rusange aho bageraga inka baratwaraga, amafaranga ukabaha, waba wavunuye urwagwa bakanywa urundi bakarujyana, ukagurisha urusigaye. Mu bari bakuriye uwo mutwe harimo Karima Vincent w’i Nyamasheke, Kazungu w’Igihango muri Karambi na Sore wo mu Cyimana. Mu bamamaye cyane muri uwo mutwe harimo kandi Paulin Hamenyimana, Sindayigaya Ildephonse na se Dismas n’abandi.76

2.2.2. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1963-1964 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1963 no mu ntangiriro za 1964 habaye ubwicanyi bukomeye bwakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Mu rwego rwo kunoza uwo mugambi mubisha, hashyizweho agatsiko kateguye ubwicanyi kanakurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryabwo. Dr. Bizimana Jean Damascène asobanura ko ako gatsiko kari kagizwe na Minisitiri wari Ushinzwe Imirimo ya Leta n’Ingufu Rusingizandekwe Otto wakomokaga mu Ruhengeri, woherejwe i Cyangugu na Perezida Kayibanda kugira ngo ayobore iyicwa ry’Abatutsi muri Cyangugu. Ako gatsiko kari kagizwe kandi na

76 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KURIMPUZU Vincent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017.

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Perefe wa Cyangugu Ngirabatware Pascal bitaga « Gahini », wakomokaga i Hanika mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamasheke. Karimo kandi Nsekarije Aloys wari ukuriye ingabo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangungu, Alphonse Bariyanga wari ukuriye Igipolisi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu na Uhagaze Bernard wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mururu.77 Ako gatsiko karimo kandi Kanyabacuzi Wenceslas wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Shagasha, Ndiragiye Christophe wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye na Bongwanubusa Damien alias Rumiruwaka wari ushinzwe ubugenzuzi mu Ishyaka rya PARMEHUTU, akomoka mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye. Bongwanubusa Damien yari yarabaye umusirikari, nyuma aba umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa PARMEHUTU, ahorana imbunda aho agiye hose.78

Mu 1963, Bongwanubusa Damien yari azwi nka « Commissaire Régionale Extra-ordinaire wa PARMEHUTU » muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Afatanyije na Mbonyukongira Pierre wari « Propagandiste ukomeye wa PARMEHUTU muri Nyakabuye » biciye Abatutsi benshi ku gasozi ka Kajojwe i Nyakabuye, imirambo yabo bayijugunya mu mugezi wa Rubyiro. Hari kandi abiciwe ku mashyuza imirambo yabo ijugunywa mu « dukono » aho mu mashyuza. Bongwanubusa Damien yabaye sebukwe wa Minisitiri Ntagerura André wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera.79

Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu mpera zo mu 1963 no mu ntangiriro zo mu 1964 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bwamamaye ku izina rya “Trouble”. Muri uwo mwaka, guhohotera no kwica Abatutsi byakozwe na Leta hitwajwe igitero cy’Inyenzi cyari cyagabwe mu Bugarama no mu Bweyeye.

2.2.3. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi nyuma y’Ibitero by’inyenzi mu Bugarama no mu Bweyeye mu 1963

Mu 1963, bamwe mu Batutsi bari barameneshejwe bafashe umwanzuro wo kugaruka mu gihugu cyabo ku ngufu.

77 Ikiganiro Dr. BIZIMANA Jean Damascène yagejeje ku bitabiriye umuhango wo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku nshuro ya 24, wabereye i Mibirizi, Cyangugu, ku itariki ya 29 Mata 2018.78 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017.79 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017.

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Mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, baturutse i Burundi binjirira mu Bugarama no mu Bweyeye.

Mu Bugarama, Inyenzi zambukiye ku cyambu cya Cyiza zinyura mu Kibangira, zirakomeza muri Cité mu Bugarama. Inyenzi zateye zitwaje imbunda n’amacumu. Banyuraga mu nzira zisanzwe, batihisha nk’uko Shami Habimana Dieudonné wabiboneye n’amaso abisobanura:

Umunsi bateye mu Bugarama batunyuzeho i Muhira turimo kunywa urwagwa. Batugezeho baradusuhuza, turikiriza, maze papa Sebakara Pangarasi ababaza niba yabaha ku rwagwa, baremera, abahaye igicuma baranga; baramubwira ngo natereke hasi bariterurira. Bafashe rwa rwagwa baranywa, barahererekanya, barangije igicuma bagisubiza hasi barigendera. Bari bitwaje amacumu n’imbunda nta kindi kintu bafite, nta gikapu, nta n’urugomo bari bafite, ntibigeze bagira uwo babwira gahunda zabo, kandi ntibatinyaga guhura n’abantu.80

Uretse aberekeje mu Bugarama muri Cité, Inyenzi zambutse na none umugezi wa Ruhwa zinyura muri Nyarugese zirazamuka zigera mu Kagali ka Mpinga, ho muri Gikundamvura. Bagendaga batuje, nta we bahutaza. Bimaze kumenyekana ko Inyenzi zateye, abasirikare babaga ahitwa Gombaniro bahise batanga amakuru ko Igihugu cyatewe, maze Nsekalije Aloys wayoboraga igisirikari muri Cyangugu yohereza abasirikare baturutse i Kamembe, barabarwanya barabanesha; bahita basubira i Burundi.81

Kimwe no mu Bugarama, mu Bweyeye na ho Inyenzi zarateye ariko na ho ziraneshwa zisubira i Burundi. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Ntambabazi Laban wabonye uburyo Inyenzi zisuganya mbere yo gutera mu Bweyeye, yasobanuye ko:

Mbere yo gutera mu Bweyeye, Inyenzi zabanje kwisuganyiriza i Burundi hafi y’umupaka w’u Rwanda mu ishyamba rya Rwaronko. Abari mu Rwanda mu

80 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SHAMI HABIMANA Dieudonné mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 29 Ukwakira 2017.

81 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANYABASHI Thomas mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 30 Ukwakira 2017.

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Bweyeye twarazirebaga, gusa bidutera ubwoba twumva ko nta kabuza bazatwica. Bahamaze nk’icyumweru, twumvishe amasasu mu rukerera ahagana saa kumi za mu gitondo. Ubwo bari bateye u Rwanda, bambukira i Nyamuzi barasa. Bari benshi kandi bafite ibikoresho byiganjemo imbunda. Mu Bweyeye ariko hari hasanzwe haba abapolisi bari baroherejwe na Perefegitura. Babonye Inyenzi zambutse bahise bagira ubwoba barahunga. Abaturage na bo babonye ko byakomeye bahise bahunga hasigara bake cyane. Ntibyatinze ariko kubera ko abasirikari b’i Cyangugu bahise batabara, barwana na zo, Inyenzi zibonye zineshejwe zisubira i Burundi. Abo basirikari na bo bahita batura ku musozi wa Shita, uteganye n’i Burundi, bakeka ko zakongera kugaruka. Uwo mwaka ariko ntizagarutse.82

Nyuma y’ibitero byo mu Bugarama no mu Bweyeye, Abatutsi bari barasigaye muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu barishwe, abandi babashyira mu buroko, bashinjwa kuba ibyitso by’Inyenzi, ko bari bazi umugambi wazo.

2.2.3.1. Gufunga no kwica Abatutsi babeshyerwa kuba ibyitso by’Inyenzi

Inyenzi zimaze gutsindwa urugamba zigasubirira mu birindiro byazo i Burundi, Abatutsi bari batuye hirya no hino muri Cyangugu bahise bitwa ibyitso byazo, bituma abenshi muri bo cyane cyane abajijutse, abifashije n’abandi bafatwa barafungwa. Bafatwaga n’abapolisi ba Komini bafatanyije n’abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU bitaga Abapfukamunwa. Hafashwe Abatutsi benshi bafungirwa muri kasho kuri komini zabo, abakomeye bajyamwa kuri Perefegitura, abenshi muri bo bahakuwe bajya kwicirwa mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe.

Muri Komini Cyimbogo hishwe Abatutsi benshi ugerera-nyije n’ibindi bice bya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Gufata Abatutsi byatangiriye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mururu, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Mururu, Akarere ka Rusizi. Icyo gihe hari kuri Noheri, tariki ya 25 Ukuboza 1963, Misa ya gatatu yari yasomwe na Padiri Tharcisse ihumuje. Kubera ko byari bimaze

82 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTAMBABAZI Laban mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 30 Ukwakira 2017.

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kumenyerwa ko Abatutsi kimwe n’abandi bose bajijutse baza gusenga mu Misa ya gatatu, umuhango wo gutura igitambo cya Misa usojwe, imiryango ya Kiliziya yahise ifungwa n’abasirikare bari bahagose, hasigara umwe gusa wagombaga kunyurwamo n’uwari mu Kiriziya wese asohoka. Umuryango ufunguye wari ukikijwe n’abasirikare hari n’imodoka ya Perefegitura yakoraga imirimo isanzwe, abayibonye bavuga ko yitwaga Majirusi. Basohoka mu Kiriziya, Umuhutu yatambukaga yemye, Umututsi agahita afatwa. Abatutsi bose bahise bapakirwa mu modoka, bajya gufungirwa kuri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, muri cave.83 Ababashije kumenyekana bafatiwe kuri Paruwasi harimo Seburikoko wari umwarimu wa Gatigisimu akaba n’umukuru w’inama muri Kiliziya, Birindarugereka w’i Mururu, Karege Emmanuel, Sekidederi n’abandi. Uretse Abatutsi bakuwe kuri Paruwasi i Mururu, imodoka yazanye abandi benshi ibakuye hirya no hino, umubare uba mwinshi cyane ku buryo aho bari bafungiye wari umubyigano ukomeye. Nyuma y’igihe gito, bamwe muri bo bapakiwe imodoka bababwira ko bagiye kuburanira mu Ruhengeri. Ibyo ariko byari ibinyoma, kubera ko wari umugambi wari wateguwe wo kujya kubicira mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe.84

Uretse abafatiwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mururu, abayobozi bafatanyije n’abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU bakomeje guhiga no gufata Abatutsi hirya no hino, bajya kubafungira kuri Komini Mururu (yahindutse Komini Cyimbogo) yari ahitwa mu Karangiro, abenshi barahicirwa. Ababashije kumenyekana mu bishwe harimo: Birenzwamaso Mariko na Sekarahennye Laurent bo muri Nyakarenzo. Manyonjo François afatanyije na Sebakara Callixte bafashe Sinezi Gumiriza, Mukeshimana Ambroise na Kajangwe Claver bo muri Nyakarenzo babajyana kuri komini aba ari ho bicirwa.85 Hafashwe kandi Seburikoko Théophile bamugejeje kuri Komini baramukubita kugera ashizemo umwuka. Bimaze kumenyekana ko Seburikoko Théophile yapfuye, ise Rudoviko yatabaje abaturanyi bafata ingobyi n’imijishi, berekeza kuri Komini Mururu gufata umurambo we. Abapolisi bakibakubita amaso bahise babirukankana, ariko baza gufata Rudoviko kubera intege nke z’ubusaza, baramukubita ku

83 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sébastien mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2017.84 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTAMBABAZI Laban mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 30 Ukwakira 2017.85 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUNYENTWARI Faustin mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2017.

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buryo na we bamurekuye ari hafi gushiramo umwuka. Umurambo wa Seburikoko Théophile washyinguwe n’abagororwa bari basanzwe bafungiye aho kuri Komini.86

Ubwicanyi n’ibikorwa by’ihohoterwa byakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Cyimbogo byakozwe ku mabwiriza ya Uhagaze Bernard wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Mururu watangaga amazina y’abagomba gufatwa, nyuma agasaba ko abapolisi bafatanya n’abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU kujya kubahiga kugera babafashe. Mu 1967 ni bwo Burugumesitiri Uhagaze Bernard yasimbuwe na Bisekwa Pascal ku buyobozi bwa Komini Mururu yahindutse Komini Cyimbogo.

Muri Komini Gishoma, Kanyandekwe Pierre yishwe n’abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU, Modeste yicwa n’abasirikari. Hishwe kandi Mudeyi Modeste wo ku Ntenyi, Gashiramanga w’i Buhokoro, Mataratara w’i Kiranga waguye mu Ibambiro, Karekezi Claude yaguye mu Ibambiro. Nshuti Védaste w’i Nyamutarama yiciwe i Gashonga ku mashuri, Nkizayo Edouard afatirwa mu Gishoma aricwa. Hishwe kandi Karekezi mwene Bushakiro, Cyobahirimba Augustin mwene se wa Rukeba wakomokaga muri Segiteri Gisagara, Ndabona Mathieu, Emmanuel wo ku Munyinya wari umwarimu i Gashonga n’abandi. Ndisabiye Mariko we yishwe n’abarwanashyaka ba PARMEHUTU barimo Munyambibi, Anathole Kwitonda, Ndabakenga wari Perezida w’Abajenesi, yicwa akubiswe imihini.87,88

Hari kandi Abatutsi bafatiwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi no mu nama yabereye mu Ibambiro, ubu ni Murenge wa Nyakarenzo. Iyo nama yari yatumiwemo abaturage bose. Gutumiza inama y’abaturage wari umugambi wateguwe kugira ngo gufata Abatutsi byorohe kandi hafatwe benshi bashoboka. Inama irimbanyije, batoranyije abagabo b’Abatutsi bajya kubapakira mu modoka yari ihagaze ku Cyato barabajyana. Uwo munsi ni bwo batwaye abagabo bo mu muryango w’Abaha bo ku Munyinya bagera kuri 48, bose ntawamenye irengero ryabo.89


87 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIYAREMYE Ladislas mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 17 Ukwakira 2017.88 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NGIRINSHUTI Jean alias Matimbo mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 17 Ukwakira 2017.89 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKANGARAMBE Marie Clémence mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2017.

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Hari kandi abafashwe bajya gufungirwa kuri Komini Gishoma ku bw’amahirwe baza kurekurwa barimo Mudeyi Fréderic, Kanyarubungo Dismas, Gasamunyiga, Casmir Biryabayoboke w’i Buhokoro, Mahuku Stanislas, Hitimana Nicolas, Hitimana Augustin, Mwarimu Nyabanyiginya Fidèle, Gasarasi André, Ndabona Mathieu bo mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rukunguri; Ruhinda Nicolas, Mwarimu Gahonga Antoine, Rwigamba John n’abandi. I Mibirizi ho batwaye Kayibanda, Yarwema, Sylver, Emmanuel, Silas Murwanashyaka na Marcel Myavu, Ruhongeka, Kayogori, Kivumu, Louis n’abandi. Hari kandi abo bafataga bakabajyana ahitwa mu Kibande bakabakubitirayo hashira iminsi bakabarekura, bagataha barabaye ibisenzegeri. Abatutsi bafatwaga n’Abapolisi ba Komini barimo Mabuta wo ku Gisagara n’abandi bafatanyije n’Abajenesi ba PARMEHUTU.90

Muri Komini Nyakabuye, abari bakomeye barimo Mwarimu Anathole Ndereneza, Mwarimu Léopord Nsanzurwimo, Mwarimu Kamana Anastase, Mwarimu Nkundabatware Mariko n’abandi barabafashe babajyana kuri Perefegitura nyuma bajya kubicira mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Hari abandi bafashe babajyana kuri Komini barahafungirwa nyuma bicwa na Damien Bongwanubusa wari Komiseri wa PARMEHUTU afatanyije n’umupolisi wa Komini Nyakabuye witwaga Bihasha Wellars na Mbonyukongira Pièrre wari Umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa PARMEHUTU muri Nyakabuye. Hari kandi Butegeri Déo Gratien wiciwe kuri Komini bamuteye icumu. Muri Komini Nyakabuye kandi, Abatutsi benshi biciwe ku gasozi ka Kajojwe, imirambo yabo bayijugunya mu mugezi wa Rubyiro. Mu bahiciwe harimo Majanju Gérard, Mupagasi Ladislas n’abandi benshi bo mu Kinanura mu yahoze ari Segiteri Kigurwe. Abatutsi biciwe kandi ku Mashyuza babajugunya mu « dukono ». Mu bajugunywe mu dukono harimo Philippe, Ndereyehe wo mu Kigurwe, Kabango, Rutsitsi n’abandi. Hishwe kandi Lini Kazungu wafatiwe mu Ibambiro, Masabo, Mwarimu Anathole Ndereneza wo mu Kaboza, Kamana Anastase w’i Rubona wari umukarani, Nkundabatware Mariko w’i Muhanga wafatiwe muri Nyakarenzo, Mwarimu Léopord n’abandi.

90 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NGIRABATWARE Mathieu mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 17 Ukwakira 2017.

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Kambanda Vincent wari véterinaire wa Komini na Mahata bo babonye ibintu bikomeye bahunga rugikubita. Damien Bongwanubusa yibukwa kuba ku isonga mu bagize uruhare rukomeye mu kwica no kwicisha Abatutsi mu 1963 kugera n’aho hari abo we ubwe yapakiraga mu modoka ye ajya kubicira mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Hari n’abandi Batutsi bafataga bakabategeka kujya guhiga Inyenzi mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe bagerayo bagakubitwa, abenshi bakahasiga ubuzima.

Abatutsi bafashwe muri Komini Bugarama bo bafungiwe mu nzu yari kuri Butongo ku mugezi wa Rubyiro yari isanzwe ikorerwamo ipamba. Mu bahafungiwe harimo Sebakara Pangarasi n’abandi. Hari kandi abo bafatiye mu kibaya cya Rubyiro nyuma baza kubica. Hari nanone uwitwa Bigwari wabaguyeho aturutse i Burundi bahita bamurasa. Bamaze kubica, babashyize mu cyobo cyari aho ku mugezi wa Rubyiro, kimaze kuzura babaroha no mu mazi.91

Muri Komini Karengera hafashwe Mwarimu Munyanki-ndi Védatse, Léopord, Nzogiroshya w’i Gashirabwoba, Munyura-ngabo w’i Giheke, Silas w’i Giheke, Buhura Claver, Bikangisho na Ngezamaguru n’abandi. Babanje kubafungira kuri Komini Gisuma, nyuma babajyana kuri Perefegitura, bahakurwa bajya kwicirwa muri Nyungwe. Kayihura Barthéremie wari Umwarimu baramufashe baramukubita baramunoza, ku bw’amahirwe ntiyapfa. Hahizwe kandi Karekezi Aphrodis, Harerimana Célestin, Gakwaya Viateur na Bayingana Vianney kugera babamenesheje bahungira i Burundi. Hari kandi Abatutsi bishwe n’abaturanyi babo b’Abahutu mu ikinamico yateguwe na Konseye wa Segiteri Rwabidege nk’uko bisobanurwa na Habimana Casmir :

Mu 1963, inkuru yasakaye ko inyenzi zateye mu Bugarama. Konseye wa Segiteri Rwabidege witwaga Karekezi Anastase ategeka ko abantu bose bajya ku irondo kugira ngo bakumire ibitero by’Inyenzi. Irondo barikoreye ahantu haje kubakwa uruganda rw’icyayi rwa Kibazi. Bigeze mu ijoro bashuka Abatutsi ngo nibashyire intwaro zabo hasi kubera ko babaga

91 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SHAMI HABIMANA Dieudonné mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 29 Ukwakira 2017.

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bitwaje imihoro n’amacumu. Bamaze kuzishyira hasi Abahutu bajyanye ku irondo babahukamo n’imipanga barabica, babatsinda aho. Hishwe Abatutsi barenga 50. Bamaze kubica Konseye wa Segiteri Rwabidege Karekezi Anastase araza, ahita abaza ati: kuki Kabera Jacques_ubwo yavugaga ise wa Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald_we atari muri aba bapfuye? Abandi bati ntiyaje ku irondo kubera ko umugore we ari ku kiriri, bari babyaye. Konseye ati: eeehh!!!! Uriya wize na we ntashaka gukora irondo! Atanga itegeko ko bahita bajya kumuzana, ubwo baragenda na we baramuzana bahita bamwica. Bukeye Burugumesitiri wa Komine Karengera Nzeyimana Célestin aza kureba ibyabaye. Ahageze abona uwitwa Senuma, bari bamukomerekeje cyane ariko ataravamo umwuka, asobanura uko byagenze. Burugumesitiri abona uko abantu benshi bamukikije, bumva ubuhamya bwe. Burugumesitiri amaze kubyumva, yigiye hirya gato maze aca amarenga, abwira abarwanashyaka be gukuraho icyo yise radiyo. Yagize ati “nibavaneho iyo radiyo” (uwo muntu wakomeretse wasobanuraga uko byagenze). Amaze guca iteka ko bamwica, bahise bashyushya amazi aratura, maze bayamusukaho, avamo umwuka. Burugumesitiri yisubiriye mu kazi ke, asiga abwiye abantu ko ubaza ibyabaye, bavuga ko abo bantu bapfuye ari Inyenzi zabishe.92

Muri Komini Gisuma, Kanyabacuzi wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Shagasha yahindutse Komini Gisuma afatanyije n’umupolisi wa Komini witwaga Mutuye na Sebijumba Cyprien wari Comptable wa Komini Shagasha hamwe na Magerano bafashe Abatutsi benshi, bamwe bajya gufungirwa kuri Perefegitura, abandi babafungira i Shagasha kuri Komini. Mu bafunzwe harimo Mushongore Laurent, Rwabukera Gaëtan, Habarugira Evariste, Bushaku Célestin, Rusatsi Raphael, Kabongo, Rwabirinda Nicodème, Mukeshimana Evariste: bose bo muri Karambo. Hafunzwe kandi Matakamba Mathieu, Semasenge Martin, Mpimbiri Concorde, umutware wa Shagasha bitaga Kanani Jean Népomuscène, umutware

92 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017.

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wa Munyove bitaga Munyurangabo, Sendakize, Hishamunda Charles, Minani François, Ndabona Innocent, Ntabajyana, Nduwumwami Joseph, Gakara wo muri Munyove, Kampayana, Kanani Gabriel, Muvunandinda Berchmans, Ngirumpatse Callixte, Gashyamangari wari Comptable wa Shagasha, Nzogiroshya wo ku bitaro bya Bushenge, Gakwaya Emmanuel wo ku Isha, Bivugintwari wo muri Giheke, Kayiranga Abdone, Mwarimu Védaste wari umuhungu wa Bivugintwari n’abandi.

Abatutsi bafungiwe kuri Komini Shagasha abenshi muri bo bakorewe iyicarubozo, bicwa babanje gukubitwa bikabije, imirambo yabo bajya kuyishyingura mu irimbi ryo ku Gasharu.93 Mu bishwe harimo Rubanguka Léopord w’i Gashirabwoba muri Shagasha, Magera Stanislas na Emmanuel b’i Gashirabwoba muri Shagasha, Nsanzurwimo Célestin wo muri Musoro, Nigeni Innocent wo muri Musoro, Butera Silas na Musafiri bo muri Giheke, Munyankindi Vedaste wo muri Nyamuhunga i Shagasha n’abandi.94 Hishwe kandi Ngezamaguru wari Shefu wa Biguzi, Kanani wari Shefu wa Munyove n’abandi.95

Abenshi mu bagiye gufungirwa kuri Perefegitura bo bagiye kwicirwa mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe barimo Munyurangabo Bernardin wari Shefu wa Giheke, Ntakiyimana Chaste wo muri Giheke, Bikangisho Célestin wo muri Nyamuhunga n’abandi.96

Kimwe n’ifatwa ryakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Mururu, Abatutsi bafatiwe na none mu nzira bavuye mu misa kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Shangi. Ikigaragara ni uko abateguye igikorwa cyo kubafata bagize ugukererwa, maze Misa ihumuza bataragera i Shangi, bituma abo bifuza babafatira mu nzira. Abafashwe bari bazwi neza, byari ibintu byateguwe. Mukabutera Fausta asobanura uburyo abantu bari kumwe bavuye mu Misa i Shangi bafashwe:

Hari kuri Noheli tuvuye i Shangi mu Kiliziya. Ubwo turenze ku bitaro mu Bushenge tubona imodoka y’abasirikari itunyuzeho, ariko igeze imbere gato irahagarara umwe wari uyirimo abaza umugabo twari

93 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUTERANA Thaddée mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017.94 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYIRANGA Abdon mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 27 Ukwakira 2017.95 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NYANGEZI Théophile mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2017.96 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYIRANGA Abdon mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 27 Ukwakira 2017.

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kumwe ati “ni wowe Munyurangabo?” Undi ati “ni njyewe”. Ati “injira mu modoka vuba!” Yahise yurira imodoka bamukubita ikibuno cy’imbunda, baramutwara. Bageze imbere babona uwitwa Bikangisho Célestin nawe barahagarara baramutwara. Ni ibintu bari bateguye neza kubera ko babaga bafite urupapuro basomaho amazina y’abo bashaka. Urutonde abasirikare bifashishaga bafata Abatutsi rwari rwakozwe na Konseye Corneille Rwajehose afatanyije na Makwaka, Kanyabisunzu André, Kanyamafaranga Andre, Niyibizi n’abandi. Abafashwe bahise babajyanwa i Cyangugu. Kuva ubwo nta gakuru kabo twongeye kumenya, uretse kumva gusa ko bagiye kubicira mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe.97

Muri Komini Gafunzo hishwe François wari umuganga w’amatungo wa Komini n’abandi. Kimonyo Paul, Pasteur Kanyenzi Silas n’abandi barakubiswe barokoka bagiye gushiramo umwuka. Hari ababonye ko ibintu bikomeye barimo Munyagishari Paul, Ndanga Sylvestre, Kayonga, Birasinyenzi, Nambaje Védaste n’abandi, bahita bahunga; nyuma y’igihe gito barahunguka. Kuva mu 1960, Komini Gafunzo yagiraga insoresore zari zibumbiye mu mitwe bise « Sindera ibuye » n’ « Intiganda », bagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutoteza Abatutsi mu buryo buhoraho nk’uko Kabahizi Denis abisobanura:

Muri icyo gihe ababyeyi bacu bahoraga bakubitwa n’insoresore ziyise “Sindera ibuye.” Mu byo bakoze navuga ukuntu bajujubije papa witwaga Kavori Dismas, barazaga bakamutwara, bakamukubita, bakamurekura bamunogeje. Banatuririye inka ndeba, ariko urumva nta cyo washobora kuvuga kuko bashoboraga no ku kwica. Umututsi wese icyo gihe yaratotezwaga ntihagire icyo bitwara abanyarugomo kubera ko Umututsi nta ruvugiro yari afite. Umututsi yakorerwaga ikosa akihangana kuko nta ho kuregera yashoboraga kugeza akarengane ke. Mu babaga muri uwo mutwe babarizwaga mu yahoze ari Segiteri Bunyenga ubu

97 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKABUTERA Fausta mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2017.

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ni mu Murenge wa Nyabitekeri harimo Nsengiyumva, Sebakomeza Eugène, Ugirashebuja Emilien n’abandi.98

Kanyenzi Patrice akomeza asobanura ko hari undi mutwe witwaga “Intiganda” ziyobowe na Gasengo Alexis. Bari barigize intakoreka, iby’Abatutsi byose babifataga nk’ibyabo. Bafataga inka bakarya, bagakorera Abatutsi urugomo ruhoraho, bagakubita n’ibindi. Mu bakubiswe bazira kuba Abatutsi harimo Ngwije Bernard wakubiswe na Gasengo Alexis n’abandi.99

Muri Komini Kagano hishwe Kamutako wakoraga ku Kiliziya n’abandi benshi. Hafunzwe kandi Ruhangaza, Mukwiyebose Thacien we yahise ahunga amaze gufungurwa atinya kwicwa kubera ko Burugumesitiri Karamira yamwagaga cyane. Muri Komini Kirambo hafunzwe Kayigi mwene Célestin, Manyembwa wo muri Kibuga, Kalisa mwene Philémon, Pasteur Kanyenzi wo muri EMLR n’abandi. Bafashe kandi Gatayija wari umukarani w’umuzungu bavuga ko bamujyanye mu Bugesera, kuva ubwo ntiyigeze agaruka. Namuhoranye Gaëtan wigishaga i Tyazo we yahise ahungira i Burundi, Iyikirenga Aphrodis wigishaga mu Kigarama ahungira muri Kongo. Ntezirembo Vénérand wari Umwarimu yarajujubijwe bikomeye, aho yigishaga i Gitambi baramwirukana, ajya muri Gitongo na ho baramwirukana, abapadiri babonye ko yabuze epfo na ruguru bamujyana i Nyamasheke aba ari ho yigisha.

Muri Komini Gatare hishwe Kolombani wo muri Vugangoma, Mafaranga Innocent wo muri Muraza, Léopord wari umukarani mu bapadiri n’abandi. Hafunzwe kandi Karonkano Martin, Kolombani Rubirika, Urayeneza Claude, Sayinzoga, Magorwa bo muri Muraza n’abandi.

Igikorwa cyo gufata Abatutsi muri Komini Gatare na Kirambo cyayobowe na Perefe Ngirabatware Pascal afatanyije na Depite Yakagaba Joseph wakomokaga muri Mubumbano, Ngwabije Gratien wabaye Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gatare hamwe na Ugirashebuja Thaddée wayoboye Komini Muramba yahujwe na Komini Buhoro bibyara Komini Gatare. Mu kubafata

98 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KABAHIZI Denis mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 2017.99 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANYENZI Patrice mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 2017.

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babanzaga kubakusanyiriza mu nzu ya Ahmed, nyuma bakabapakira mu modoka y’umuhondo bitaga Majerusi, bakabajyana mu Kirambo batwawe n’umushoferi witwaga Nyamasheke wakomokaga i Karengera mu yahoze ari Komini Rwamatamu. Hirya no hino ku misozi abaturage bo birirwaga baririmba ko «Inyangarwanda zose bazazijyana mu Bugesera!».100

Muri Komini Kamembe hishwe Kanyabikenke wo mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rusunyu, Edouard Mivumbi arakubitwa bikomeye nyuma ajya gufungirwa kuri Perefegitura. Hishwe kandi Kabaya, Kanyabigunda Celestin, Nsengumuremyi Mariko, Munyakazi na Kamonyo bo muri Muhari n’abandi. Kubera ko kwica Abatutsi byari bimaze kuba igikorwa kigaruka kuva mu 1959, hahise hamamara imvugo ivuga ngo: « umugera wasubiye mu ziko! » bashaka kuvuga ko igihe cyo kongera guhiga, no kwica Abatutsi cyageze. Muri icyo gihe kandi Abajenesi ba PARMEHUTU birirwaga baririmba hirya no hino ku misozi ngo « Umva LUNARI wazonze u Rwanda, emera PARMEHUTU iguhake!».101

2.2.3.2. Gutwikira Abatutsi, kubamenesha no kwigabiza imitungo yabo

Uretse ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu 1963, ikindi gikorwa cyabaye ni ugutwikira Abatutsi nkuko byari byakozwe mu 1960-1961. Mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo batwikiye Kanyangurube Kayitani w’i Mururu102, batwikira Kadugu Venant na Gahigi b’i Nkurubuye mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye n’abandi.103 Mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare, batwikiye Abatutsi muri Cyiya n’ahandi.104

Ruterana Thaddée asobanura ko gutwikira Abatutsi byari ibintu bisanzwe kubera ko ntawashoboraga guhanirwa ubwo bugome. Ubuyobozi bwabaga bubishyigikiye, bityo gutwikira

100 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya GATANA Athanase mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2017.101 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya GAKWAYA Fréderic mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2017.102 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUNYANTORE Antoine mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017.103 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SEGATARAMA Pierre mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2017.104 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTIRUSEKANWA Donatien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2017

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Abatutsi bigakorwa ku mugaragaro. Muri icyo gihe cyo gutwikira Abatutsi, bavugaga ko bari muri gahunda yo « kurandura nyakatsi! ».105

Mu bamamaye mu bikorwa byo gutwikira Abatutsi mu 1963 harimo Mushirampuhwe wari Konseye wa Matare, Gisota Sylvestre wo muri Kigurwe na Ngarukiye w’i Matare mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye, bakaba bari abajenesi n’abandi.106

Uretse kwica Abatutsi, ikindi gikorwa cyaranze ihohoterwa n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1963 ni ukubavana mu byabo ku gahato, bakajyanwa mu Bugesera, Burundi, DRC, Uganda n’ahandi, imitungo yabo igahabwa Abahutu, cyane cyane abagize uruhare rukomeye mu kwica no kumenesha Abatutsi. Abayihawe bahise bagira ububasha busesuye ku mutungo w’Abatutsi bamenesheje nk’uko bigaragazwa n’amabwiriza ya Makuza Anastase wari Minisitiri w’Ubutabera, cyane cyane aho asobanura ko « ....., amasambu y’Abatutsi bahunze agahabwa abandi baturage, agomba kugumanwa n’abayahawe ».107

Mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, amabwiriza ya Minisitiri Makuza Anastase yashimangiwe na Minisitiri w’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi wandikiwe na Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu , Kamonyo Elie, tariki ya 21 Nyakanga 1964, amubaza niba imirima n’amasambu y’impunzi zo mu Ukuboza 1963 na Mutarama 1964 ishobora guhabwa abakene. Minisitiri yamusubije tariki ya 6 Kanama 1964, amubwira ko amasambu y’impunzi ashobora guhabwa urubyiruko rudafite amasambu nyuma y’uko abayataye barengeje amezi 6, Inka zikagurishwa amafaranga akajya mu isanduka ya Komini, naho amashyamba yo akaba umutungo wa Komini.108 N’ubwo Minisitiri avuga ko amasambu agomba gutangwa nyuma y’amezi 6, Minisitiri yigizaga nkana, kuko yari azi neza ko nta mututsi wemerewe guhunguka no gusubira mu bye.

Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire nawe yahise asohora iteka ryambura Abatutsi bagerageza guhunguka uburenganzira ku mitungo. Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’Amabwiriza No 24.20/A.09/

105 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUTERANA Thaddé mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017.106 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SEGATARAMA Pierre mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2017.107 Mugesera Antoine, Imibereho y’Abatutsi kuri Repubulika ya mbere n’iya kabiri (1959-1990), Kigali: Les Editions Rwandaises, 2004, p. 89108 Mugerera Antoine, Op. Cit., 2014, p.90

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yerekeye Iteka rya Perezida No 25/01 ryo kuwa 26 Gashyantare 1966, ryerekeye impunzi zigaruka mu gihugu n’ibindi bibazo bizerekeye, ingingo ya 3-y’iryo teka ivuga ko: « Umuntu wese wari warahunze iyo agarutse ntashobora nabusa kuregera amasambu yari atuyemo cyangwa se yahingaga mbere niba ayo masambu yarahawe abandi baturage cyangwa se hari ikindi Leta cyangwa ubutegetsi bwa Komini byayageneye ».109

2.2.3.3. Gufunga abapadiri babashinja gushyigikira Abatutsi

Nyuma yo gufata no gufunga Abatutsi muri Cyangugu, abapadiri bakuru ba Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mururu, Mibirizi, Mushaka, Shangi na Mwezi zo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu na bo barafashwe barafungwa. Abo bapadiri bafuzwe bashinjwa gushyigikira Abatutsi. Henri Bazot wari Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke we ntiyafunzwe. Bishoboka ko baba baratinye kumufata kubera ko yari umupadiri wo mu muryango w’abapadiri bera, akomoka mu Bufaransa, maze batinya ko kumufunga byagaragara nabi kuko iwabo bashoboraga guhita babimenya bagasakuza. Abapadiri bakuru bafunzwe barimo:

1) Padiri Kiroro Vianney wari Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Mururu;

2) Padiri Nzirorera Evariste wari Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Mibirizi;

3) Padiri Mwerekande Gérard wari Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Mushaka;

4) Padiri Bizimana Jean wari Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Shangi na

5) Padiri Sebagabo Vincent wari Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Mwezi.

Abo bapadiri bafuzwe bashinjwa gushyigikira Abatutsi, ku bw’amahirwe bose bararekurwa nk’uko Kayumba Sébastien abisobanura :

Umunsi bapakiye Abatutsi bari bafungiwe i Kirambo kuri Perefegitura bajya kubicira mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe, abapadiri bari bafunganywe na bo bo

109 Amabwiriza no 24.20/A.09/yerekeye Iteka rya Perezida no 25/01 ryo kuwa 26 Gashyantare 1966 ryerekeye impunzi zigaruka mu gihugu n’ibindi bibazo bizerekeye. Aya mabwiriza yashyizweho umukono na Minisitiri w’ubutegetsibw’Igihugu n’abakozi ba Leta, Lieutenant Colonel Kanyarengwe Alexis na Minisitiri w’Ubucamanaza, Habimana B.

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barasigaye. Hari umukecuru witwaga Scolastique wakundaga kubasura aho bari bafungiye i Kirambo. Kuri uwo munsi rero yari yagiye kubasura, ahageze asanga babashyize ku murongo hamwe n’izindi mfungwa, bari kubinjiza mu modoka. Ni bwo yavuze ati « ese Mana ko mbona aba bapadiri babajyanye, bariya bana barihiraga amashuri noneho bazajya barihirwa na nde ? ». Kubera ko yari hafi ya Perefe yaramwumvishe, ahita amubaza niba ari abana b’Abahutu? Umukecuru arikiriza, gusa barihiraga bose! Ubwo Perefe ahita avuga ko batakwanga ko abana b’Abahutu biga, ahita ategeka ko ba bapadiri babakura ku murongo. Bahise babasubiza aho bari bafungiye, nyuma baza gufungurwa, basubira mu maparuwasi yabo.110

2.2.4. Abamaganye ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu 1963

2.2.4.1. Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke Henri Bazot

Nyuma y’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1963 no mu ntangiriro za 1964, umuntu wa mbere wamaganye ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ni Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke Henri Bazot. Amaze kwibonera aho biciye abantu mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe yavuze ku mugaragaro imbere y’inama y’abakuru b’inama y’abakirisitu ko « ubutegetsi bwa PARMEHUTU ari bubi, kandi ko bwicana, bugafungira abantu ubusa ». Uretse kubivuga mu nama y’abakirisitu, Padiri Henri Bazot yanandikiye Perefe Ngirabatware Pascal ku wa 22 Mutarama 1964 asaba ko abantu biciwe mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe bashyingurwa mu cyubahiro, asaba ko bamubwira aho abakirisitu be barimo Gakwaya Léopord wari umukarani wa Paruwasi, Kapitura Chrysologue wo mu Kirambo, Anatole Xaveri, Sesonga Sébastien, Siridion Muganga, Mafaranga Innocent na Gatayija Vulpianus baherereye. Urwandiko rumaze kugera kuri Perefe, Padiri Henri Bazot nta cyo yasubijwe ku byo yabazaga byose ahubwo yahanishijwe gufungishwa ijisho, abuzwa gusohoka kuri Paruwasi no kongera kujya gusura abakirisitu be. Ibyo byamuviriyemo kwirukanwa i Nyamasheke,

110 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sébastien mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2017.

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asimburwa na Padiri Rushita wari mubyara wa Juvénal Habyarimana.111

2.2.4.2. Musenyeri Bigirumwami Aloys wa Diyosezi ya Nyundo

Kwamagana ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu byakozwe kandi na Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami wa Diyosezi ya Nyundo. Diyosezi ya Nyundo yari ihuje Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, Kibuye na Cyangugu. Muri Kanama 1964, Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami yandikiye ba Perefe bo muri Diyosezi ye barimo Perefe wa Cyangugu, Perefe wa Kibuye na Perefe wa Gisenyi, abasaba ko bamumenyesha amaherezo y’abantu bari barafashwe bagafungwa kuva mu Kuboza 1963. Yasabaga ko imiryango yabo yahabwa icyemezo cy’uko bapfuye (Certificat de décès) kugira ngo ibone uko igena ibijyanye n’izungura ryabo. Mu rwandiko rwe, Musenyeri yanditse ko muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu hishwe abantu 100, muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye hicwa 10, muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi hicwa 50.112 N’ubwo imibare y’abishwe igaragara nk’aho ari mike, Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami yavugaga abakirisitu Gatolika gusa, atabariyemo abo mu yandi madini; bigaraza neza ko abapfuye barenze cyane iyo mibare. Kubera ko Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami nta gisubizo yigeze ahabwa, byatumye ahagarikira amasakaramentu ku buryo buhoraho Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Ngirabatware Pascal, aramuca, amuhoye kwica Abatutsi mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1963-1964. Icyo cyemezo ariko cyavanyweho na Musenyeri Karibushi Wenceslas mu 1986, wabikoze agamije kwiyunga.113

Uretse Padiri Henri Bazot na Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami, ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri 1963 bwamaganywe kandi n’umusuwisi witwaga Denis-Gilles Vuillemin wari ufitanye amasezerano y’akazi n’Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye Rishinzwe Uburezi, Ubuhanga n’Umuco (UNESCO), agomba kwigisha mu ishuri ryisumbuye ry’Indatwa i Butare. Mu

111 Mugesera Antoine, Op. Cit., p. 169-170.112 Mugesera Antoine, op.cit., p. 170.113 Bisimana Jean Damascène, 2014, p.47

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kinyamakuru Le Monde cyo ku wa 17 Mutarama 1964, Denis-Gilles Vuillemin yasobanuye ko kuva mu Ukuboza 1963, Abatutsi bicwa babahora ubwoko bwabo kandi bikozwe na Leta. Asobanura kandi ko PARMEHUTU yakusanyije Abatutsi bose bajijutse, babarunda muri za gereza, babicisha inzara, bityo ko adashobora gukomeza kwigisha abana bagomba kwicwa. Vuillemin yasobanuye ko ibyakozwe na perefe na ba burugumesitiri hagati yo ku wa 24 na 28 Ukuboza 1963, ari Jenoside nta gushidikanya, kuko icyo gihe hafashwe abagore n’abana babicisha impiri n’amacumu, babajugunya mu nzuzi babambitse ubusa.

Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu bihe bya Noheri yo mu 1963 bwanditswe kandi n’ibinyamakuru mpuzamahanga bitandukanye binavuga ko mu Rwanda habaye Jenoside. Tribune de Lausanne yo ku wa 12 Gashyantare 1964 yabyise “Véritable génocide au Rwanda”. Mu bindi binyamakuru byabitangaje harimo :

• L’Afrique Nouvelle No 862 du 14 au 20/2/1964: “la tragique élimination d’une race”

• Le Monde du 21/2/1964: “Le Rwanda insulté”.• Le Figaro du 11/2/1964: “Massacres au pays des 1000

collines”• La Revue de presse Suisse du 10/2/1964: “Halte aux

massacres”• France Soir du 11/2/1964: “Nous avons tués à peine

12.000 géants TUTSI, les cafards”.• Jeune Afrique du 17/2/1964: “L’immense pogrom du

Rwanda et Un Néron du Rwanda”• Washington Post, Feb 6th, 1964: “10.000 slain in few weeks,

watutsi press suicide March.• Sunday Nation, Feb 9th, 1964: “watutsi appeal launched”,

(fleuves rouges de sang)• Le Figaro du 25-26/1/1964: “7% de la population

Rwandaise massacrés”• New York Times Jan 22nd, 1964: “8.000 watutsi killed”• L’Etoile du Congo No 188 du 4/2/1964: “les massacres du

Rwanda”.

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2.2.5. Ibisobanuro bya PARMEHUTU ku bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu 1963

Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bumaze kumenyekana hirya no hino ku isi, PARMEHUTU yagerageje kuvuguruza ibyo ibinyamakuru bivuga, yerekana ko bayibeshyera, ko abo yishe atari 20.000 nk’uko ibyo binyamakuru bibivuga, ko ahubwo abo yemera yishe ari abantu 870. Ibyo Leta yabikoze mu nyandiko yise: “ Toute la verité sur le mouvement terroriste Inyenzi”. Mu bisobanuro yatanze, nta na hamwe bavuga icyo n’abo 870 baziraga, cyane ko abenshi bari abaturage basanzwe, badafite aho bahuriye n’ubutegetsi. Mu by’ukuri PARMEHUTU yatanze ibisobanuro bidafashe. Gukingira ikibaba abicanyi byakozwe kandi na bamwe mu bayobozi ba Kiliziya Gatolika barimo Musenyeri Perraudin wandikiye Papa Yohani wa 23 na Radiyo Vatican yemeza ko ibivugwa mu mahanga ku bwicanyi bwo mu 1963 ari ibinyoma, asobanura ko hari abantu bake bishwe ariko byaturutse ku gitero bo ubwabo bateye kandi ko Perezida Kayibanda nta ruhare abifitemo, ko adashobora kwica kuko ari umuperezida w’umukirisitu. Musenyeri Perraudin yanzuye agaragaza ko ibiri gukwirakwizwa hirya no hino ari ibinyoma. Muri Mutarama 1964, Musenyeri Perraudin yandikiye n’abakirisitu, mu butumwa yabagejejeho yemezaga ko ubwo bwicanyi bwatewe n’agahinda k’Abahutu ngo kumvikana (colère populaire) kubera igitero cy’Inyenzi cyo mu Bugesera.114

Ku wa 29 Mutarama 1964, Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire na we yahise yandika ibaruwa mu izina rya guverinoma, asobanura ko hari ubwicanyi bwabaye koko, ariko ko Abatutsi bari barabaye ibyitso by’Inyenzi, ko zari zaracengeye mu baturage hari gutegurwa gahunda yo kwica Abahutu. Abahutu babimenye rero bahise barakara bica Abatutsi.115

Perezida Kayibanda amaze gusohora iryo tangazo yahise yohereza intumwa mu mahanga ziyobowe na Makuza Anastase wo ku Gikongoro bajya gusobanura ko ubwicanyi bwabaye kwari ukwirwaho kw’Abahutu.

114 Ikiganiro Dr. Bizimana Jean Damascène yatanze mu Cyanika, kuwa 26 Gashyantare 2012.115 Ikiganiro Dr. Bizimana Jean Damascène yatanze i Murambi, kuwa 21 Mata 2019.

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2.2.6. Umuco wo kudahana

Nyuma y’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuva mu 1959, Abahutu bagize uruhare mu kwica abaturanyi babo b’Abatutsi, kurya inka zabo no kubatwikira nta wigeze ahanirwa ibyaha by’ubunyamaswa byakozwe ku mugaragaro. Nta wigeze ahanwa ko yishe Umututsi cyangwa yangije ibye. Ibyo byashimangiwe mu mwaka wa 1963 ubwo hashyirwaga ho itegeko ridahana Abahutu bagize uruhare mu bwicanyi. Ni itegeko ryavugaga ko Umuhutu wishe Umututsi cyangwa wononnye ibintu by’Umututsi hagati ya tariki 1 Ugushingo 1959 n’itariki 30 Kamena 1962 atazabihanirwa kubera ko yakoraga Révolution (impinduramatwara)116. Ikibabaje ni uko iryo tegeko ryibasiraga Abatutsi, rishimangira ko Umututsi watewe akirwanaho akagira Umuhutu yica we agomba kubihanirwa kubera ko yarwanyaga Révolution. Ibyo biragaraza ko icyo gihe igihugu cyari gishyizeho itegeko rihana igice kimwe cy’abanyarwanda, ibyo bikerekana ko uburenganzira bw’Abahutu n’Abatutsi butanganaga. Iryo tegeko ryahaye imbaraga Umuhutu wese zo guhohotera Umututsi. Kuva ubwo umuco wo kudahana uba ugiye mu mitima y’abantu, Abahutu basigara bumva ko kwica cyangwa guhohotera Umututsi atari icyaha kubera ko umuntu adashobora kubihanirwa. Iryo tegeko ryatumye Abatutsi bicwa kuva kuri Noheli mu 1963 hirya no hino mu gihugu cyane cyane ku Gikongoro, i Cyangugu n’ahandi ubwo Inyenzi zateraga mu Bugesera, mu Bugarama, mu Bweyeye n’ahandi. Icyo gihe mu Rwanda hishwe Abatutsi benshi. Ni nabwo muri Werurwe 1964, Perezida Kayibanda yavugiye kuri Radiyo y’Igihugu ko Inyenzi zibeshye zigafata Kigali n’ubwo bidashoboka, Abatutsi bose bahita bashira.

Uretse no kudahanwa, hirya no hino abamamaye mu bwicanyi bagiye bagororerwa imyanya myiza y’ubuyobozi, abaturage bagabirwa imitungo y’Abatutsi bishwe. Uwo muco wo kudahana, gutonesha abicanyi no kugororerwa ni kimwe mu byatumye Abahutu bashyekerwa, bakomeza kwica no guhohotera Abatutsi imyaka yose yakurikiyeho kugera hanogejwe umugambi wo kubamaraho muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

116 Codes et Lois du Rwanda, Vo.1 2nd Ed., p. 431.

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2.2.7. Ihohoterwa ryakorewe Abatutsi mu 1965 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Mu 1965 hatangiye umushinga wo guhinga icyayi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. N’ubwo wari umushinga mwiza ugamije iterambere ry’igihugu, Abatutsi bawurenganiyemo; kuko banyazwe amasambu yabo, imitungo yabo irangizwa, bajya gutuzwa ahandi nta ngurane bahawe nk’uko Kanamugire Gervais abisobanura:

Icyayi cya Shagasha cyatangiye guhingwa mu 1965. Icyo gihe hariho Perefe Ngirabatware Pascal bitaga Gafuni wangaga Abatutsi urunuka. Mu buryo butigeze bumenyeshwa abaturage, Perefe yumvikanye na Burugumesitiri Ndihakiwe ko hariya i Shagasha hagomba guterwa icyayi noneho twe twari tuhatuye badukebera amasambu ku yo bari barahaye abandi baturage hafi y’ishyamba rya Nyungwe muri Nkungu. Kubera ko hari ahantu habi cyane, ubuzima bwaho bugoye, abandi baturage bari barahanze, barahataye, amasambu barayasiga, bakajya baza kuhasura gusa. Kubera ko twe nta kundi twari kubigenza, kandi tuzi neza ko kubyanga bishobora kutubera akaga nk’akabaye mu 1963, twavuye mu masambu yacu i Shagasha bahatera icyayi, ubwo na twe turagenda. Hatitawe ku ngano y’ubutaka umuntu yari afite, buri wese yahabwaga ubutaka bungana na 100m kuri 60m, kandi ubusanzwe i Shagasha uwabaga afite ubutaka buke bwari hectares ebyiri. Ubwo ariko muri uko kutwimura bavugaga ko aho batwohereje hazarokoka bake, abari munsi y’imyaka 40 gusa kubera ubukonje bwaho; bakavuga ko Inka zigiye kudushiraho kubera ko zitakibonye aho kuragirwa (.....). Muri uko kutwimura nta muntu bigeze baha ingurane y’ibikorwa byari mu isambu ye kandi twari tuhafite urutoki rwiza cyane. Gasekurume Nicolas na Sinzinkayo François ni bo bahawe udufaranga duke kandi na bo sinzi uko byagenze, bashobora kuba bafite uburyo baterese. Nyuma yo kutwirukana nta n’uwadufashije kubaka aho baduciriye kandi twari dusanzwe dufite amazu; buri wese yirwanyeho.117

117 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANAMUGIRE Gervais mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2017.

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2.2.8. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu 1967 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Mu 1967, Inyenzi zongeye gutera mu Bugarama ziturutse i Burundi. Ayo makuru yabaye incamugongo ku Batutsi bari bamaze kumenyera ko mu gihe cyose hagize ikiba ari bo babibazwa. Icyo gitero cyakurikiwe no gutotezwa mu buryo bukomeye, Abatutsi barakubitwa, abafite imiryango yahungiye hanze bashinjwa kuba bari bazi ko bene wabo batera igihugu. N’ubwo nta bishwe muri icyo gihe, guhohotera Abatutsi byatumye muri Gashonga na Rango hari hasanzwe hatuye Abatutsi benshi bafata umwanzuro wo guhunga, bata ibyabo, bahungira Kamanyora muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo nk’uko byagarutsweho na Habiyaremye Ladislas:

Mu 1967, Inyenzi zateye mu Bugarama ari ho ndi, maze uwitwa Bumari Nyiringabo aramfata anjyana kwa Yusufu Munyakazi wari Konseye icyo gihe. Bahise banyambura ibintu nacuruzaga kubera ko nashakaga kubijyana i Burundi. Nyuma haje undi witwa Gakwasi Ananias aravuga ngo Inyenzi zateye ngo ariko ntiziri kwica abantu, ahubwo ziri kuza zivuga ngo ‘abakunda umwami nimwambuke’ zigatanga n’inzira. Izo Nyenzi rero zajyanye uwitwa Ngirabatware Berchmans n’abandi, ariko bageze i Burundi sinzi uko Abanyarwanda bahanye amakuru barabafata barafungwa. Hari kandi imodoka ya Saidi Manzi yatwaye abiyisiramu bambukana n’izo Nyenzi. Inyenzi zimaze gusubirayo, Abahutu bahise bongera kwirara mu bintu by’Abatutsi bahunze barasahura, inka bararya.118

Uretse abahisemo guhunga rugikubita, abasigaye baribasiwe. Babyukaga bafata abasore n’abagabo, bakabajyana muri Nyungwe ngo bagiye guhiga Inyenzi, bakirirwayo, bagataha inkoni ziri hafi kubica.119

118 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIYAREMYE Ladislas mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 17 Ukwakira 2017.119 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NYANGEZI Théophile mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2017.

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2.2.9. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1973 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Kuva muri Gashyantare 1973, mbere y’uko Habyarimana ahirika ku butegetsi Perezida Kayibanda Geregori, Cyangugu yongeye kwibasirwa n’imvururu zikomeye, Abatutsi mu mashuri no mu kazi barirukanwa, mu giturage baratwikirwa, imitungo yabo irasahurwa. Abatutsi bongera kubuzwa amahwemo, biviramo abenshi guhunga igihugu. Abahigaga Abatutsi bageragezaga kwiyoberanya, bakabatera bambaye amajwangara (amashara). Akaba ari muri urwo rwego ihohoterwa n’iyicwa byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1973 byahawe izina rya « Kajwangara ».

2.2.9.1. Iyirukanwa ry’Abatutsi mu mashuri mu 1973 no mu kazi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kimwe n’ahandi hose mu gihugu, guhera muri Gashyantare 1973 Abatutsi barahizwe, barakubitwa, baricwa, bameneshwa mu mashuri no mu mirimo, abenshi bahungira mu bihugu by’ibituranyi cyane cyane i Burundi no muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Muri icyo gihe nta Nyenzi zari zateye ngo bigirwe urwitwazo nk’uko byari bisanzwe. Gusa hariho umwuka mubi hagati y’u Rwanda n’igihugu gituranyi cy’Uburundi, abayobozi birirwa batukana ku maradiyo, umwuka wakomotse ahanini ku mvururu zari hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi bo mu Burundi kuva muri Mata 1972, ubwo hicwaga Abahutu cyane cyane abize, abanyeshuri n’abakozi hirya no hino mu Burundi.

Abahutu b’Abarundi barokotse ubwo bwicanyi bahungiye mu Rwanda, bakirwa neza, bamwe bakomereza amashuri yabo i Rilima mu Bugesera. Abanyeshuri bigaga muri Ecole Normale des Garçons de Gitega (ENG) barimo Melchiol Ndandaye wabaye Perezida w’Uburundi mu kwezi kwa Kamena 1993 akicwa mu Ukwakira 1993 bahungishijwe na Frère Heylen Bernard bajyanwa kwiga muri Groupe Scolaire i Butare. Ageze mu Rwanda, Frère Heylen Bernard120 wayoboraga Ecole Normale y’i Gitega i Burundi yahise aba Umuyobozi wa Groupe Scolaire i Butare. Hari kandi abandi bahungiye muri Cyangugu cyane cyane mu Bugarama, batuzwa ku ibarabara rya VIII muri Muganza.

120 Un belge de la congrégation des frères de la charité de Gand

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Imvururu zabaye i Burundi zahise zikurikirwa no kwibasira Abatutsi mu Rwanda, birukanwa mu mashuri no mu kazi, abenshi barameneshwa bahungira i Burundi no muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Abashyize mu bikorwa umugambi wo kumenesha Abatutsi mu 1973 bavugaga ko ari ukurangiza ibitarakozwe na Revorisiyo yo 1959. Mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, kwirukana Abatutsi mu kazi no mu mashuri byakozwe hirya no hino. 2.2.9.1.1. Kwirukana abakozi b’Abatutsi mu kazi

Mbere yo kwirukana abari abakozi, habanje gutegurwa amalisiti y’abagomba kwirukanwa, nyuma Abatutsi birukanwa mu mashuri, mu bigo bya Leta, ibishamikiye kuri Leta n’iby’abikorera.

Muri Komini Cyimbogo hirukanwe Mwarimu Vianney wahise ahungira i Burundi, hahunga Muhutu Jean wo muri Nyakarenzo wigeze no kuba sushefu, hahunga Kurimpuzu Vincent n’abandi. Nkuranga Védaste bamuteye mu ijoro baramukubita, inka n’ibintu byose barasahura baratwara. Mu bamamaye mu bikorwa byibasiye Abatutsi mu 1973 harimo Ruzigura Kaniziyo, Renzaho, Emmanuel Gisurankana n’abandi. Bisekwa Pascal wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Cyimbogo niwe washishikarizaga Abahutu kwibasira no kumenesha Abatutsi.121

Muri Komini Gishoma hirukanwe Uwingeri wakoraga i Kigali ahungira i Burundi, hirukanwa Kanyarubungo Dismas wari Umucungamutungo wa Komini Gishoma ahungira i Burundi, hirukanwa Mwarimu Mwemerangabo Théoneste na Kanyarubungo bigishaga i Ruhoko bahungira i Burundi, Bayingana Félix ahungira ku Bwegera muri Kongo. Hirukanywe kandi Niragire Célestin wo kwa Mudibiri, hirukanwa Sindayiheba Romouald, Kanyawera Dismas, Mwarimu Nyabyenga Chrysostome n’abandi. Mwarimu Munyurangabo we baramunanije bikomeye kugera hafashwe umwanzuro wo kumwohereza gukorera mu Bugarama. Uretse kwirukanwa mu kazi, habayeho no gutoteza Abatutsi mu buryo bukomeye. Mu bamamaye mu bikorwa byo gutoteza Abatutsi muri Gishoma


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harimo Ntimugura Léonard na mukuru we Malakiya, Ndabakenga Gérard wari shefu w’Abajenesi, Azalias n’abandi.122

Muri Komini Nyakabuye hirukanwe Kambanda wari umuganga w’amatungo wa Komini, Karugarama Claver, Gatarayiha Dionise, Gahutu Cyprien n’abandi barameneshwa bahungira i Burundi. Muri Komini Karengera hirukanwe Kalisa Anicet wigishaga i Mwezi, Mwarimu Kayihura Barthélemie wigishaga i Mwezi ahungira i Burundi n’abandi.

Muri Komini Gisuma hirukanwe abakozi bakoraga mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha barimo: Méchanicien Nkurikiye Vianney wakomokaga i Gitarama, umukarani Sehene Ferdinand wakomokaga ku Kibuye, Aloys wari comptable, Karemera Isaac wari technicien, Bikamba n’abandi. Mu bashishikaye mu kwirukanisha Abatutsi bakoraga mu Ruganda rwa Shagasha harimo Agronome Stanislas, Agronome Rufifi, Nkizurugo Fidèle watunganyaga icyayi n’abandi.123

Uretse abakoraga mu Ruganda rw’icyayi rwa Shagasha, muri Komini Gisuma hirukanwe kandi Mukamugemana Angèle wigishaga i Shangi ahungira muri Kongo, hirukanwa Mwarimu Mukagatashya, Mwarimu Mukamugambi, Mwarimu Kayiranga Abdon, Thomas Rwabukwisi, Rugamba, Kanyemera Gaspard, Mukagatera Pélagie, Mukarutabana Vérène, Ngarambe Théodomir, Mwarimu Védaste w’i Giheke wigishaga i Muhari n’abandi. Mwarimu Sendashonga na Nyirakimonyo bigishaga ku Kinunga mu Bunyangurube, kimwe na Mwarimu Gakuba Callixte, Gasesera André na Gasarabwe Fulgence bose bigishaga ku kigo cya Kiziba bamaze iminsi bihishahisha, batajya kwigisha, ariko imvururu zirangiye basubira mu kazi, bagira amahirwe ntihagira icyo babatwara. Muri Komini Gafunzo hirukanwe Mwarimu Muvara wigishaga i Shangi, Mwarimu Kayitare Eugène wigishaga i Ruhamagariro, Mwarimu Fréderic na Kageruka Emmanuel bigishaga i Bunyangurube, Munyanganzo Modeste, Mwarimu

122 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NGIRABATWARE Mathieu mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 17 Ukwakira 2017.123 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RURANGIRWA Léon mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2017.

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Ndushabandi Alexandre, Mwarimu Nganabanyiginya Innocent wigishaga i Nyakabingo, Kanyemera Antoine, Sendashonga Oswald, Munyawera Nilocas na Bacibungo François bigishaga i Shangi, Mwarimu Zimurinda Gaëtan wigishaga ku Nyenga, Bernard na Kayitarama, Mwarimu Habiyambere Etiènne n’abandi. Uretse abirukanywe hari n’abafunzwe barimo Kayitani, Murindangwe n’abandi. Fatisuka wari Umucamanza i Shangi niwe wakoraga inyandiko zo kwirukana abakozi b’Abatutsi.124 Nsanzurwimo Silas wari Inspecteur w’amashuri we akavuga ko igihugu cyafashwe n’Abahutu, ko bagomba kwisanzura mu gihugu cyabo.125

Muri Komini Kagano hirukanwe Mwarimu Innocent, Mwarimu Kalisa Callixte wo muri Gikuyu, Mwarimu Sebudandi wo ku Ishara, Mwarimu Mushongano Daphrose, Mwarimu Songa Innocent, Mwarimu Uwera w’i Mubumbano, Frère Raimond n’abandi. Uretse abarimu mu mashuri abanza, hirukanwe kandi abarimu bigishaga mu mashuri yisumbuye barimo Munyaneza David, Ngaboyisonga Valentin, Musirikare Védaste, Rudodo Alfred bigishaga mu ishuri ry’Abahungu rya “Institut Saint Cyprien– Abadahinyuka”. Mu ishuri ry’abakobwa rya “Institut Sainte Famille” mu Mataba hirukanywe Kayitankore, Nikuze, Mukarugema na Segaju. Hirukanwe kandi Abatutsi bakoreraga mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Gisakura barimo Agronome Karemera Gérard, Kayihura Emmanuel na Rwesandekwe Philippe, Gatera Evariste n’abandi. Masengesho wari moniteur-agri yarirukanwe, ariko nyuma y’igihe gito ahita asubira mu kazi.

Muri Komini Kirambo hirukanwe Mwarimu Munyanda-mutsa na Nduhura Ladislas bakomokaga i Rwamatamu n’abandi. Muri Komini Gatare hirukanwe Mwarimu Mugemana Félicien na Mwarimu Mazimpaka Emmanuel bigishaga i Rugano, Mwarimu Havugiyakare Fabien, Mwarimu Mugambira Marcel na Mwarimu Gakimane bigishaga i Muramba, Mwarimu Sirikare wigishaga i Cyavuma, Mwarimu Rwagatore wigishaga i Rumamfu, Mwarimu Subukino wigishaga ku Gitambi, Mwarimu Rwabukwisi Thomas n’abandi.

124 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANYENZI Patrice mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 2017.125 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAMASHABI Pangras mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 2017.

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Kwirukana Abatutsi ntibyabuzaga akazi cyangwa amashuri gukomeza. Imirimo yakomezaga nk’aho nta cyabaye.

2.2.9.1.2. Kwirukana abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi mu mashuri

Mu 1973 ubwo hashyirwaga mu bikorwa umugambi wo kwirukana Abatutsi mu mashuri no mu kazi, iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ni imwe muri Perefegitura zagaragayemo abanyeshuri bamamaye mu kwirukana no kumenesha bagenzi babo kugera bateye n’Abihayimana barabakubita, barabakomeretsa bikomeye.

- Kwirukana Abatutsi mu Ishuri ry’Abahungu ry’Abadahi-nyuka ry’i Nyamasheke « Institut Saint Cyprien »

Ishuri ry’Abadahinyuka ry’i Nyamasheke bitaga « Institut Saint Cyprien » yaje kwitwa “Urwunge rw’amashuri rwa Mutagatifu Joseph (Groupe scolaire Saint Joseph)” ni ikigo cyashinzwe muri 1957 kiyoborwa n’Abafureri b’Abayozefite. Iryo shuri rihereye mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Kagano, Akarere ka Nyamasheke, hafi ya Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke.

Amateka yaranze Ishuri ry’Abadahinyuka ry’i Nyamasheke agaragaza ko icyo kigo cyari gisanzwe kizwiho kugira urugomo ruhoraho rushingiye ku irondakoko. Ni ikigo cyari cyarabaswe n’ingengabitekerezo y’amacakubiri n’urwango. Buri mwaka habaga icyitwaga umunsi mukuru w’ubutabera wabaga ku wa 24 Ugushyingo. Kuri uwo munsi, abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi barakubitwaga, Abahutu bakabyita ko ari ko kwizihiza ubwigenge. Nk’uko byemezwa na Havugimana Emmanuel wize muri icyo kigo, yibuka Kalinijabo na Macumu Emmanuel nka bamwe mu bakubiswe ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 1971 ku munsi bise uw’ubwigenge.126 Ibyo bikorwa byateraga ubwoba abana b’Abatutsi boherezaga kuhiga, batizeye umutekano wabo. Nyuma y’urwo rugomo rwakorerwaga Abatutsi buri mwaka, ubuzima bwakomezaga nk’aho nta cyabaye. Mu mpera zo mu 1972 no mu ntangiro zo mu 1973 ibyo bikorwa byafashe intera yo hejuru.

Mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 1972, abanyeshuri bo mu Ishuri ry’Abadahinyuka i Nyamasheke bakoze imyigaragambyo, bavuga ko batishimiye ubuyobozi bwaryo bavugaga ko bugizwe

126 Kwibuka24, Ubuhamya bwa HAVUGIMANA Emmanuel, Gisozi-Kigali, 2018

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n’Abatutsi. Ni bwo ku wa 12 Ukuboza 1972 basohoye “Tract” bise “Abahutu baracyarengana” irimo amazina y’Abatutsi bashyizwe mu majwi barimo Barore Barnabé, Nogeyabahizi Jean Népo, Kayiranga Prudence, Morisho Jean Bosco, Polisi Athanase, Karemera Pierre Claver, Munyemana Alexandre, Nsanzabaganwa Emmanuel, Niyirema Michel na Rwankuba Athanase.127 Uwo mwuka mubi hagati y’abanyeshuri b’Abahutu n’Abatutsi warakomeje kugera mu ntangiriro za 1973.

Mu 1973, ihohoterwa ryakorewe Abatutsi ryatangiriye muri Kaminuza Nkuru y’u Rwanda i Butare, nyuma umwuka mubi ukwira mu gihugu hose kugera i Nyamasheke muri Cyangugu. Bijya gukomera i Nyamasheke, abanyeshuri bigaga mu Ishuri ry’Abadahinyuka bari bahawe ikiruhuko cy’icyumweru (détente) kuva ku wa 17 Gashyantare 1973, basabwa kugaruka ku wa 25 Gashyantare 1973. Ikiruhuko kirangiye abanyeshuri bagarutse ku ishuri nk’uko bisanzwe, Abatutsi bo bahageze basanga ibintu byahindutse, Abahutu bakamejeje ko nta Mututsi winjira mu kigo cyabo. Havugimana Emmanuel wigaga aho i Nyamasheke kandi wahohotewe, asobanura uko byagenze:

Abana barahageraga bavuye mu biruhuko, ab’Abahutu bakinjira ab’Abatutsi bakabahagarika, bakababuza kwinjira. Nta wundi wabikoraga bari abanyeshuri ubwabo. Nta mufurere wahabonaga, nta mwarimu, nta muyobozi n’umwe. Bari abanyeshuri bari bigize abayobozi b’abandi banyeshuri, bakorera bagenzi babo violence yahungabanyije ubuzima n’imibereho bya benshi. Uhageze bakamubaza: kanaka, uje gukora iki? Bati ntitwongere kukubona aha! Undi akagenda yiruka. Ahubwo no kuba nta wahapfiriye ni Imana. Nta byo gukekeranya cyangwa kugira uwo bigaho. Twese bari batuzi, bakavuga bati wowe uje gukora iki? Abanyeshuri bagukunda bakuburiraga muri no mu nzira bati ubundi uririrwa ugenda ujya he? I Nyamasheke hari ahantu hitwa ku Kabeza, ni ho imodoka yasigaga Abanyeshuri, nyuma bakagenda n’amaguru. Kugira ngo ugere ku kigo, wakoraga urugendo rugera nko kuri metero 300. Muri izo metero 300 rero ni ho bamwe mu Bahutu bakubwiraga bati,

127 Mugesera Antoine, op.cit., p. 223.

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wakwisubiriye inyuma batakwica! Wumvaga ayo magambo ubwoba bukakwica ugahita usubirayo, udasubiyeyo wihagazeho ntiyashoboraga kurenga ku marembo y’Ikigo, kubera ko ari ho bari bategeye. Biriya bihe nti byari byoroshye na gato. (.......) By’umwihariko, njye nageze ku kigo nkererewe ho gato, kuko twagombaga kuhagera ku wa 25 Gashyantare 1973, mpagera tariki ya 26 ari ku wa mbere ku mugoroba. Nahageze mu ijoro nka saa moya n’igice amasaha yo kujya muri réfectoire ageze. Noneho igihe ngiye kujya muri réfectoire mpura n’umunyeshuri umwe mu bo twiganaga arambwira ati: “reka reka reka!!!!!!!, sigaho, nibakubona barakwica, nta munyeshuri w’Umututsi ukiri muri iki kigo!” Ati: “abahageze ku wa gatandatu twarabirukanye, abahageze ku cyumweru twarabirukanye, abaje uyu munsi mu gitondo twabirukanye, none na we uraje ngo ugiye kurya! Subira muri dortoir ufate utwawe utahe”.Ubwo nahise mfata agakapu kanjye, mfata utwenda twanjye nkubita ku mugongo, njya gushaka aho kurara. Ubwo nagiye kurara mu Babikira i Nyamasheke. Abanyeshuri bahigaga Abatutsi babaga baririmba indirimo zitandukanye zirimo iyitwaga amangobe y’abasoda, bagenda bashyiramo amazina y’abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi, bagahamagara ngo: urihe kanaka? Mu ndirimbo baririmbaga hari iyatangiraga igira iti: “Ruzindana shefu w’Inyenzi yari yahize ngo azafata Cyangugu…” mu ijwi ryaririmbwe n’abasirikare ba FAR mu 1990, nyuma y’Urupfu rwa Fred Rwigema. Bagiraga n’izindi zirimo “Karabaye ga ye” zaririmbwaga n’abanyuramatwi ba PARMEHUTU.128

Mu banyeshuri birukanwe mu Ishuri ry’Abadahinyuka i Nyamasheke harimo Havugimana Emmanuel, Kayiranga Prudence, Kanyandekwe Théoneste, Nzisabira André n’abandi. Hirukanywe kandi Frère Kabanguka wari uvuye i Kabgayi ahunga ageze mu Badahinyuka i Nyamasheke na ho asanga nta buhungiro buhari, akomeza ajya i Burundi. Muri uko kwirukanwa nta wigeze ahabwa umwanya wo kujya gufata ibikoresho byari byarasigaye mu kigo.

128 Kwibuka24, Ubuhamya bwa HAVUGIMANA Emmanuel, Gisozi-Kigali 2018

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Nyuma yo kwirukanwa, abanyeshuri baratashye bashakisha uburyo imibereho yakomeza. Ni bwo bamwe bahungiye i Burundi, abandi muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, abandi baguma mu gihugu, bashaka amashuri ku bindi bigo, abagize amahirwe barayabona, abandi barayabura, baba abahinzi b’iwabo mu cyaro, ubuzima bw’ishuri burangira butyo.

- Kwirukana Abatutsi mu ishuri ry’Abakobwa rya « Institut Sainte Famille » mu Mataba

Ishyuri ry’Abakobwa ryitwaga « Institut Sainte Famille » ryo mu Mataba ryari riherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Kagano, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Icyo kigo kiri mu byibasiwe no kwirukana abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi mu 1973, bikozwe n’abanyeshuri bagenzi babo bigaga mu Ishuri ry’Abadahinyuka i Nyamasheke. Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 28 Gashyantare 1973, Abanyeshuri bo mu Ishuri ry’Abadahinyuka bavuye mu kigo cyabo bajya mu kigo cy’Ababikira cy’Abakobwa bitaga « Institut Sainte Famille » mu Mataba, basanga abanyeshuri bavuye mu Misa ya mu gitondo, bagiye muri Réfectoire gufata ifunguro rya mu gitondo. Barabinjiranye bahita batoranya abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi barabasohora, babirukana mu kigo nk’uko bisobanurwa na Nyiramirimo Odette nawe wirukanywe:

Ku wa 28 Gashyantare 1973, twabyutse tujya gusenga muri Chapelle nk’uko byari bisanzwe. Mu gihe twari dutegereje padiri, Soeur Laurentine wari umuzungukazi w’umubiligi wayoboraga ikigo cyacu yakinze inzugi zose ashyiramo amakare kandi ubundi zabaga zirangaye kuko n’abo hanze bajyaga baza kuhasengera. Ariko uwo munsi yakinze ahantu hose ashyiramo amakare. Ubwo rero Padiri yaraje asoma Misa, Misa ihumuje Mère yajyanye na Padiri mu biro bye, na twe tunyura muri korodori bucece, turi ku murongo, nta we uvuga. Tugeze muri réfectoire Mère yakinze inzugi zose, tugiye kumva twumva abantu benshi baraje, bakubita urugi, ndabyibuka nari ntamiye umugati wa mbere, ntarawumira, hari nka saa moya. Ntamiye “bouchée” ya mbere y’umugati barakubise, barongera barakubita, Mère ati: ‘nimube muretse mutamena urugi’. Ashobora kuba yari azi

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ibintu biri bube. Yarafunguye, hinjira abahungu bafite amahiri n’ibikoni ubona barakaye, amaso yatukuye, asa n’ay’abaraye bataryamye, baraza baratuzenguruka, baratuzenguruka, barazenguruka hose, umwe ajya hagati, aravuga ngo : uyu munsi kwiga kw’Abatutsi kwarangiye. Uzi ko ari Umututsi wese nahaguruke, ubwo abandi batangiye kudukwiramo, bashakisha Abatutsi. Baba batangiye guhagurutsa no gukubita abakobwa bitwaga ba Dalia n’abandi. Nyuma yo guhagurutsa Abatutsi bose, batubwiye ko badashaka kugira Umututsi bongera kubona mu kigo nyuma y’iminota 15, bavuga ko uwo babona nyuma y’iyo minota yicwa. Mameya ati oya, ni mubahe iminota 30 kuko bagomba kujya gushaka amavalisi yabo iyo abitse. Ati iminota mirongo itatu , vuba “allez cherchez vos affaires”. Twahise twiruka tujya gufata utwacu, kubera igihunga n’ubwoba bimwe tukabibura, ibindi turabyibagirwa kubera gukorera ku minota, nyuma turasohoka, tuba twirukanywe dutyo.129

Mu birukanywe harimo Nyiratunga Marie Yvonne wigaga mu mwaka wa mbere, Kayirangwa Bernadette wigaga mu mwaka wa kabiri, Kayitesi Modeste wigaga mu mwaka wa gatatu, Mukantagara Josephine wigaga mu mwaka wa kane, Mukanzayire Odette wigaga mu mwaka wa gatanu, Mukanyonga Souzane wigaga mu mwaka wa gatandatu, Mukansonera Daliya wigaga mu mwaka wa karindwi, Murekatetete Marie Thérèse wigaga mu mwaka wa gatandatu, Murekatete Jean d’Arc, Nyiramanywa Pétronille, Mujawayezu Anastasie, Mukabadege Marie Jeanne, Mukamitali Immaculée, Mukandanga Odette, Mukankubito Annonciata, Muhongayire Rita, Mujawezu Marie, Mukahirwa Chaste, Mukamusoni Constance, Mukandahiro Madeleine, Mukantabana Hélène, Nyiraguhirwa Judith, Simuhuga Daphrose, Uwamuranga Pélagie, Mukantabana Léontie, Murebwayire Génèviève, Nyawera Marie Claire, Nyiramirimo Odette, Nyirankunzurwanda Vénantie, Mukarulinda Marie Josée, Mukanyimbuzi Bertulde, Mukazitoni Antoine, Mukagasana Juliette, Mwayire Epiphanie n’abandi. Uretse Abanyeshuri, hirukanywe n’abarimu barimo

129 Ubuhamya bwa NYIRAMIRIMO Odette, Kigali, 2018

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Kayitankore Jean, Nikuze Berthilde, Segaju Théoneste n’abandi.130 Nyirabukeye Bernadette asobanura ko nyuma yo kwirukanwa, Murekatete Thérèse na Mwayire Epiphanie bahise bahungira i Burundi. Mukanyembuzi na Mukazitone batashye iwabo, bagaruka ku ishuri nyuma y’umwaka wose.131

Abanyeshuri birukanywe bahise bataha. Mu nzira banyuramo na ho bahuye n’akaga gakomeye, kugera n’aho imodoka zisanzwe zitwara abagenzi zanze kubatwara. Abakomokaga i Gisenyi no ku Kibuye, bavuye i Nyamasheke bagera ku Kibuye n’amaguru nk’uko bisobanurwa na Nyiramirimo Odette:

Twagiye n’amaguru, tugenda tubaririza ahari Ababikira cyangwa Abapadiri. Ku munsi wa mbere turara mu Babikira i Hanika. Bwakeye dukomeza urugendo. Bigeze nka saa tanu cyangwa saa sita tugera ahantu hari abantu benshi bategereje imodoka yagombaga kuva i Cyangugu ijya ku Kibuye. Natwe twarahagumye tuhategerereza imodoka. Bisi ije, abaturage binjiyemo natwe turinjira. Tugezemo komvayeli ati “abakobwa binjiye muri iyi bisi bafite amavalisi nimuhaguruke. Turahaguruka”, ati “vuba, nimusohoke!” “Tuti, uh, ese ko tujya ku Kibuye?” Konvayeri ati “nimusohoke, ngo nimurebe ibyanditse kuri iyi bisi”. Bari bandikishijeho urutoki, ngo bisi ni iy’Abahutu. Byari byanditse ku ruhande ahantu hagiye ivumbi. Komvayeli ati: “ubu nta bwo babirukanye mu ishuri”? Tuti tugiye muri vacances. Bati vacances zararangiye turabizi barabirukanye! Ngo bisi ni iy’Abahutu nimubisome. Tubanza kwinginga ariko baratubwira ngo nimudasohoka vuba turabasohora nabi. Turasohoka tugenda n’amaguruuuu, biratugora cyane, ibintu twari dufite tugenda tubijugunya kubera kuturemerera no kunanirwa, amaherezo ariko tubona tugeze ku Kibuye. 132

130 Mugesera Antoine, op.cit., p. 441-442131 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NYIRABUKEYE Bernadette mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 17 Ukwakira 2017.

132 Ubuhamya bwa NYIRAMIRIMO Odette, Kigali, 2018

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- Kwirukana Abatutsi muri Collège Inférieur de Kibogora

Uretse abanyeshuri bo mu Ishuri ry’Abadahinyuka i Nyamasheke bitaga « Institut Saint Cyprien » n’abo mu kigo cy’Ababikira cy’Abakobwa bitaga « Institut Sainte Famille » cyo mu Mataba, hirukanywe kandi Gatera Evariste wo muri Kibogora na Iyamuremye Eraste wo muri Rwinyana bari abanyeshuri muri Collège Inférieur de Kibogora, bahita bahunga.133

- Kwirukana Abatutsi bakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bigaga hirya no hino mu gihugu

Uretse Abatutsi bigaga mu mashuri i Cyangugu birukanywe, hari abakomokaga i Cyangugu bigaga hirya no hino mu gihugu birukanywe. Muri bo harimo padiri Rugwizangoga Ubald, Kayigamba Charles, Rutagarama Eugène, Hategekimana Théobald, Hanyurwimfura Jean Damascène na Rutayisire Lin bigaga mu Iseminari nto ku Nyundo. Hirukanywe kandi Sakindi Casmir wigaga i Kabgayi, John mwene Makunguri w’i Nyakabuye, Niragire Célestin, Mukamugugu Anastasie wigaga Irambura muri Ngororero, Karara wari umunyeshuri muri Kaminuza, Rugamba Emmanuel, Murandusi n’abandi.134

2.2.9.2. Gukubita no gukomeretsa abapadiri kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke

Uretse kwirukana Abatutsi bigaga mu Ishuri ry’Abadahinyuka i Nyamasheke ndetse n’Abatutsi bo mu kigo cy’Ababikira cy’Abakobwa bitaga « Institut Sainte Famille » cyo mu Mataba, abanyeshuri bo mu Ishuri ry’Abadahinyuka i Nyamasheke bateye abapadiri kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke. Nk’uko byasobanuwe na Padiri Kajyibwami Modeste mu kiganiro yagiranye n’umushakashatsi, yagize ati:

Mbere y’uko abanyeshuri batangiza imvururu, Abafureri bayoboraga Ishuri ry’Abadahinyuka i Nyamasheke babimenye kare, bahita bahunga nijoro, banyura mu mazi mu Kivu, bahungira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.

133 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya GASIGWA Corneille Fidèle mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017.134 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUTAGARAMA Eugène mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017.

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Bwarakeye babashatse barababura, maze bavuga ko ari abapadiri babacikishije kubera ko ari bo bari bafite imodoka, bituma bategura umugambi wo gutera abapadiri. Nyuma yo kunoza uwo mugambi, baduteye i saa sita n’igice (12h30), isaha bari bazi neza ko abapadiri bose baba bari ku meza.135

Padiri Kajyibwami Modeste asobanura ko abanyeshuri babatera barabakubise, barabakomeretsa bikomeye. Mu bapadiri bakome-rekejwe harimo:

1) Padiri Kajyibwami Modeste wabaga kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke: baramukubise bamusiga ari intere, ajya kuvurirwa ku Kigo Nderabuzima i Nyamasheke baramunanirwa, ahava ajya kuvurirwa ku bitaro bya Mibirizi ajyanywe na mugenzi we Padiri Nsengumuremyi Vincent wari wabasuye aturutse kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi.

2) Padiri Matajyabo Robert wabaga kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke: baramukubise bamumena umutwe, ahita ajya kuvurirwa mu Bitaro bya Kibogora.

3) Padiri Kambari Mathias wari waje gusura abapadiri bagenzi be i Nyamasheke na we baramukubise bamumena umutwe, ahita ajya kuvurirwa mu Bitaro bya Kibogora.

Kubera ko Padiri Matajyabo Robert na Padiri Kambari Mathias bari bakomerekejwe cyane indege ya Kajugujugu yahise iza kubatwara, bajya kuvurirwa i Kigali. Iyo ndege yoherejwe na Minisitiri Kamoso Augustin wari usanzwe ari inshuti ya bugufi y’abo bapadiri kandi basanzwe basurana.

Mu bapadiri bari aho i Nyamasheke batakubiswe harimo Padiri Nsanzubwami Bernard na Padiri Nsengumuremyi Vincent wari waje gusura abapadiri bagenzi be i Nyamasheke, abonye abanyeshuri babateye arihisha ntibamubona.136

135 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Padiri KAJYIBWAMI Modeste kuri Paruwasi ya MIBIRIZI mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2017.136 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Padiri KAJYIBWAMI Modeste kuri Paruwasi ya MIBIRIZI mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2017.

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2.2.9.3. Gutwika no gusahura imitungo y’Abatutsi mu 1973 mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Gashyantare no mu ntangirio za Werurwe 1973, Abatutsi barahohotewe hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. N’ubwo nta bishwe muri icyo gihe, uwo bafataga baramukubitaga bakamusiga ari intere. Uretse kubakubita, amazu yabo yaratwitswe andi arasenywa n’imitungo yabo irasahurwa. Ababikoraga akenshi bitwikiraga ijoro, bakiyoberanya bakoresheje kwisiga ingwa no kwambara amashara y’insina (amajwangara), akaba ari yo mpamvu imvururu zayogoje Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu 1973 zizwi n’Abanyacyangugu ku nyito ya Kajwangara.137

Uretse gusahura imitungo no gukubita Abatutsi, mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo hatwitswe amazu ya Kayitani Kanyangurube, Rusine, Antoine, Tharcisse, Théophile, Bushi, Kanyamahanga, Sentama, Nkeza n’abandi. Mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma batwikiye Rwigamba Asarias, Musiri Vénant n’abandi. Bamaze gutwikirwa bahise bahunga barimo Ngarambe Théodomir, Bivugintwari, Kayiranga Abdon, Ndayisabye Thacien, Hategekimana Alexandre n’abandi. Nk’uko byanditswe na Mugesera Antoine, ukwezi kwa Werurwe kwageze hagati hamaze gushya inzu 310 z’Abatutsi muri Komini Gafunzo na Cyimbogo gusa. Muri Kagano hahiye inzu zigera kuri 200, muri Gatare hashya inzu zigera kuri 178.138

2.2.9.4. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu 1973 byari byateguwe

Umugambi wo kwirukana Abatutsi mu mashuri no mu kazi mu 1973 wari umugambi wari wateguwe. Ibimenyetso bibyerekana ni byinshi ariko iby’ingenzi twavuga ni ibi bikurikira:

1) Kumanika amazina y’Abatutsi batifuzwaga byabaye ku matariki amwe, tariki ya 26 na 27 Gashyantare 1973;

2) Uburyo bwo kubirukana bwakorwaga kimwe hose;3) Nta Perefegitura yasigaye kandi hose Abatutsi baramene-

shejwe;4) Nta mutegetsi wo muri Guverinoma n’umwe cyangwa

umuyobozi w’ishuri, uw’ikigo cya Leta cyangwa

137 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUNYETWARI Faustin mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2017.138 Mugesera Antoine, op.cit., p. 249.

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ikiyishamikiyeho warwanyije uwo mugambi mubisha. Bose baricecekeye.

Impamvu yateye kwirukana Abatutsi yatanzwe na guverinoma n’abayishyigikiye yari uko ngo Abahutu batari bagishoboye kwihanganira kuba bake mu mashuri, mu bigo bya Leta, ibishamikiye kuri Leta n’iby’abikorera kandi ari bo bagize umubare mwinshi w’abaturage. Ibyavugwaga ariko byari bitandukanye n’ukuri. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Minisiteri y’Amashuri Makuru n’Ayisumbuye bwerekanye ko abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi bavuye kuri 36,3% mu 1962-63 bagera kuri 11% mu 1972- 1973 mu mashuri yisumbuye, Abatutsi bari 8,5% muri UNR, 6% muri IPN na 3% bari baroherejwe kwiga hanze. Mu by’ukuri imibare bavugaga muri izo mvururu ko abanyeshuri b’Abatutsi bari hagati ya 50% na 70% nta ho yari ihuriye n’ukuri.139

Imvururu zo mu 1973 zakurikiwe na Coup d’Etat yatumye Habyarimana Juvénal wari Minisitiri w’Ingabo afata ubutegetsi nk’uko byemejwe n’itangazo ryo ku wa 5 Nyakanga 1973 ryagenewe abaturage rivuye mu buyobozi bukuru bw’ingabo. Abashyize umukono kuri iryo tangazo ni Général Major Juvénal Habyarimana, Lt Col Kanyarengwe Alexis, Major Nsekalije Aloys, Major Benda Sabin, Major Ruhashya Epimaque, Major Gahimano Fabien, Major Jean Nepomuscène Munyandekwe, Major Serubuga Laurent, Major Buregeya Bonaventure Major Ntibitura Bonaventure na Major Simba Aloys. Iryo tsinda ryitwaga « Camarades du 5 juillet » ryari rigizwe hafi ya bose n’abakomokaga muri Perefegitura ya Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, uretse Majoro Simba Aloys wakomokaga ku Gikongoro, Majoro Munyandekwe Jean Nepomuscène w’i Gitaramana na Majoro Ruhashya Epimaque w’i Kigali. Muri rusange, ubutegetsi bwa Kayibanda bwaranzwe n’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu nzego zose. Muri disikuru nyinshi zavuzwe ku mugaragaro na Perezida Kayibanda yagaragazaga ko ashyize imbere inyungu z’Abahutu na ho Abatutsi agahora abatuka, abatera ubwoba, abumvisha ko iherezo ryabo ari ukwicwa.

139 Komisiyo y’Igihugu y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge (2016), Amateka y’u Rwanda : Kuva mu ntangiriro kugera mu mpera z’ikinyejana cya XX, Kigali, paji 444.

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2.2.10. Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi kuri Repubulika ya kabiri kugera mu 1990

Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal amaze gufata ubutegetsi habayeho ihumure ry’igihe gito, abantu babanza kwibeshya ko abazaniye agahenge kubera amagambo meza yarangaga imbwirwaruhame ze. Ariko ibyo ntibyatinze, kuko na we yahise akomereza mu murongo w’amacakubiri watangijwe na Perezida Kayibanda, atonesha abo mu Rukiga (Abakiga), igice Perezida Habyarimana yakomokagamo (Gisenyi, Ruhengeri na Byumba), aheza muri rusange Abatutsi n’Abahutu b’Abanyenduga (Gitarama, Butare na Gikongoro). Uwo murongo Perezida Habyarimana yahise anawinjiza mu murongo wa politiki y’igihugu mu cyo ubutegetsi bwe bwise “Politiki y’iringaniza”.

Iyo politiki y’irondabwoko n’irondakarere yakoreshejwe mu burezi igamije guheza abana b’Abatutsi n’abandi batari Abakiga. Umututsi akabura ishuri atabuze ubwenge, Umuhutu akabona ishuri agendera ku butoni bw’ubwoko cyangwa akarere aturukamo. Umututsi akabura akazi atabuze ubushobozi. Umubare munini w’Abatutsi wakandamijwe na “Politiki y’iringaniza”, abenshi bagana ubuhinzi n’ubucuruzi byo gushaka amaramuko nyuma yo kwimwa amahirwe yo kwiga.

Mu miyoborere ye, Perezida Habyarimana yakomeje gushishikazwa n’inyungu z’Abahutu ari na ko azamura igice yakomokagamo cy’amajyaruguru y’igihugu. Kimwe na mugenzi we Perezida Kayibanda, Perezida Habyarimana yashinze mu 1975 ishyaka rimwe rukumbi rya MRND na ryo ryubakira ku ivangura, irondabwoko n’irondakarere, rikomeza ingengabitekerezo ya PARMEHUTU yatangijwe na Kayibanda. Kuva mu 1985, ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana bwahuye n’ibibazo bitandukanye birimo inzara mu baturage, gutakaza agaciro k’ibihingwa ngengabukungu ku isoko mpuzamahanga n’ibindi. Bigeze mu 1988, habayeho gusakuza kw’amaradiyo n’ibinyamakuru mpuzamahanga bivuga ku mpunzi z’Abanyarwanda ziba hanze. Kubera politiki y’ivangura n’irondakoko yari yarimakajwe mu gihugu, Perezida Habyarimana nta gaciro yigeze aha icyo kibazo. Nibwo ahubwo yavuze mu buryo bweruye ko igihugu cyuzuye, bityo ko nta mwanya impunzi z’Abatutsi bameneshejwe bafite mu gihugu.

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Mu 1989, hadutse na none ikibazo cy’urwikekwe n’ihangana mu buyobozi, hazamuka ibitekerezo ko Perezida Habyarimana yaheje mu butegetsi Abahutu badakomoka mu gace k’amajyaruguru. Ibyo byazanye umwuka mubi mu buyobozi, bikurikirwa n’imfu zidasobanutse z’abayobozi barimo Padiri Sindambiwe Sylidiyo wari ukuriye Kinyamateka, Depite Nyiramutarambirwa Felicula, Sebukura n’abandi. Imfu zabo zabaye urujijo. Hari kandi Umunyacyangugu Nkubito Alphonse Marie wari Umushinjacyaha ariko atemera ibikorwa byibasira uburenganzira bwa muntu. Kudashyigikira abicanyi kwe byamuviriyemo kwimurwa bya hato na hato mu buryo bugaragarira buri wese ko icyari kigamijwe wari umugambi wo kumunaniza mu kazi ke.140

Muri icyo gihe kandi hatangiye gusakara amakuru ko u Rwanda rugiye guterwa n’Abatutsi bahunze igihugu. Ibyo byatumye ubutegetsi bwa Perezida Habyarimana butangira gukurikirana ibikorwa by’Abatutsi, hafatwa ingamba zo kubima impapuro z’inzira (Laissez-Passer), kumenya aho bari n’ibyo barimo n’ibindi. Ni bwo mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 1990, mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma, uwitwa Rutayisire Théoneste yashyingiranywe n’umukobwa wa Gategabondo Egide wari umukire cyane atuye i Bukavu aho yari yarahungiye ariko akomoka i Mutimasi mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo. Ubukwe bwa Rutayisire Théoneste bwafashwe nk’ikintu kidasanzwe muri Cyangugu kubera uburyo bwitabiriwe n’abantu benshi baturutse muri Kongo, i Burundi no hirya no hino mu gihugu. Nyuma y’iminsi mike ni bwo PFR-Inkotanyi yatangije urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu mu Ukwakira 1990. Kubera uburyo ibikorwa by’Abatutsi byari bisigaye bikurikiranwa umunsi ku wundi, hahise hakwirakwizwa amakuru ko hari Inyenzi nyinshi zinjiye muri Cyangugu zitwaje ubukwe bwa Rutayisire Théoneste. Ibyo byatumye Abatutsi bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bahozwaho ijisho mu buryo bwihariye, benshi mu batashye ubukwe bwa Rutayisire Théoneste bafungwa mu biswe ibyitso by’Inkotanyi.141 Urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rutangiye, byabaye urwitwazo rwo kongera umurava mu bikorwa by’urugomo byakorewe Abatutsi mu buryo buhoraho kugera Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ishyizwe mu bikorwa.

140 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SIBOMANA Cyrille ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 05 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.

141 Ikiganiro Umushakashatsi yagiranye n’umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sébastien mu Karere ka Rusizi ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2017.

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IGICE CYA GATATU

IBIKORWA BY’URUGOMO N’UBWICANYI BYAKOREWE ABATUTSI MURI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU MU GIHE CY’URUGAMBA RWO

KUBOHORA IGIHUGU

Nyuma yo gutangira urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, Abatutsi batotejwe babita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. Abenshi barafashwe barafungwa, barakubitwa kandi mu by’ukuri bazira amaherere. Mu kiganiro umushakashatsi yagiranye na Mpamo Esdras, yasobanuye akaga yahuye na ko azira kuba Umututsi :

Nyuma y’iminsi mike FPR-Inkotanyi itangije uruga-mba rwo kubohora igihugu, navuye mu rugo njya i Bukavu. Ngeze ahantu bita mu Karangiro i Mururu haza imodoka ya Burugumesitiri wa Komini Cyimbogo witwaga Habiyaremye Fabien ari kumwe n’abapolisi babiri (2), itugezeho irahagarara. Abantu twari kumwe bayibonye bahita biruka, njye kubera ko ntari nzi ibyo ari byo narahagaze. Imodoka ingezeho Burugumesitiri yahise abwira umupolisi ngo namfate, araza arampagarika, ati ‘Burugumesitiri aragushaka’, ubwo banshyira hejuru mu modoka. Tugeze kuri Komini, Burugumesitiri yahise ategeka ko batangira kunkubita, bakubitaga mu nsi y’ikirenge, bankubita indembo 8, nyuma bajya kumfunga. Ubwo nasanze muri kasho harimo abandi bafungwa, na bo barongera barankubita, banyicara hejuru ngo ndi Inyenzi. Nka nyuma y’amasaha 2 Burugumesitiri yaragarutse ategeka ko bankuramo, arambaza ngo nimubwire neza icyo nazize? Namubwiye ko icyo nazize nanjye nta kizi, ko ahubwo ari bo bakwiye kunsobanurira. Yahise ambwira ngo nimusobanurire neza iby’imodoka y’ikamyo iheruka kuza iwacu ifite ihema. Ndamubwira nti: “iyo modoka ni iya muramu wanjye w’umushoferi wa ELECTROGAZ, yari avuye mu Bugarama gutwara ciment anyura mu rugo aje gusuhuza mama amuzaniye n’ubutumwa bw’umwana we.” Burugumesitiri ati: “oya, ngo yari izanye imbunda z’Inkotanyi, kandi

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ngomba kuvuga aho ziri”. Burugumesitiri arakomeza ati icya 2, hari ivatiri y’umukara na yo iheruka kuhaza mbere y’iyo kamyo, ndamubwira nti iyo vatiri ni iya marume wari Directeur wa Université i Butare bita Karenzi Claver. Burugumesitiri ati : “na we ni imbunda yari azanye.” Nanjye nti: “nonese ko iwacu nta musirikari uhaba yaba yari azizanye ngo zikore iki?” Burugumesitiri ati: “ntimwumva kandi”, ubwo ahita atanga itegeko ngo bongere bankubite, barongera bankubita izindi nkoni 8 barangije bansubiza mu buroko. Ubwo bamfashe ari saa yine bagaruka saa saba, barongera bagaruka saa kumi, Burugumesitiri arongera arambaza ngo nimubwire icyo nzira, ndavuga nti: “nta cyo nzi rwose Nyakubahwa Burugumesitiri”, nawe ati: ‘nshobora kugufungura ukanyereka aho izo mbunda ziri!’, ndamubwira nti: ‘nta zo nzi’, nti: ‘njyewe nabonye imbunda ari uko mbonye abasirikari banyu baje hariya kuri Marché’, nti: ‘ibyo bintu uri no kuvuga nta byo nzi rwose’, arongera atanga itegeko barankubita. Nahavuye nkubiswe indembo 26. Ubwa nyuma yongeye kumbaza ngo na n’ubu nturamenya ikintu uri kuzira, ndamubwira nti : “nta cyo nzi nti ahubwo ni akarengane”, aravuga ngo “ntiwumva ko mwene samusuri avukana isunzu!” Ubwo ndakubitwa, nyuma ategeka ko ntanga amande y’amafaranga ibihumbi bitanu (5.000Frw) ngo naciriye mu muhanda. Mfunguwe Burugumesitiri yatanze itegeko ko nkuramo inkweto ankurikira ari inyuma n’imodoka, ubwo urabyumva inkoni nari nakubiswe, ndi kwiruka mu muhanda nta kweto ngera aho ndananirwa banta ku muhanda, abantu bazi iwacu ni bo banjyanye kwa muganga.142

Iyo usesenguye ubu buhamya, ubona uburyo Abatutsi bagiye bahohoterwa bazira ubusa, bazizwa ibyo batazi. Ariko kubera akarengane kari karahawe intebe kandi gashyigikiwe n’abayobozi, dore ko akenshi aribo babaga bakari inyuma, guhohotera Umututsi byari igikorwa gisanzwe cyemewe n’ubuyobozi kandi kitagira ingurikizi ku wagikoze.

142 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MPAMO Esdras ubarizwa mu Karere ka Musanze, akomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Werurwe 2017.

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3.1 Gutoteza Abatutsi mu gihe cyo gushyingura Fred Rwigema

Ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990, ingabo za RPF Inkotanyi zatangije urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu ziyobowe na Fred Gisa Rwigema143. Rwigema ariko urugamba ntirwamuhiriye kubera ko yahise atabaruka ku wa 02 Ukwakira 1990, arasiwe ku rugamba ahitwa Nyabwishongezi, ubu ni mu karere ka Nyagatare, mu Ntara y’Iburasirazuba.

Urupfu rwa Fred Gisa Rwigema rwishimiwe n’ingabo z’u Rwanda (FAR) kubera ubutwari n’ubunararibonye bari basanzwe bamuziho. Inkuru y’urupfu rwa Fred Rwigema yakwirakwijwe mu gihugu hose, ubutegetsi bubifata nk’aho ari ikidasanzwe cyakozwe. Ibyo byatumye mu gihugu hose hakorwa umuhango wo kumushyingura, waranzwe no gushinyagura no guhohotera Abatutsi. Hakozwe urugendo hirya no hino mu gihugu, abanyeshuri bikorera imitumba bavuga ko ari umurambo wa Fred Gisa Rwigema bagiye gushyingura.

Hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu na ho hakozwe urugendo rwo gushyingura Rwigema rwaranzwe n’ibikorwa byo gutoteza Abatutsi. Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Kagimbangabo André afatanyije na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kamembe Mubiligi Jean Napoléon na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Cyimbogo Habiyaremye Fabien n’abandi bayobozi ba gisivile na gisirikare bahamagaje abaturage bose bahurira muri Stade Kamarampaka nyuma y’urugendo rwaturutse kuri Perefegitura ndetse no mu mujyi wa Kamembe. Abana na bamwe mu bakuru bari bikorejwe imitumba mu birago, bagaragaza ko bishimiye inkuru y’urupfu rwa Fred Gisa Rwigema.

143 Fred Gisa Rwigema yavutse tariki 10 Mata, 1957, avukira i Ruyumba ahahoze ari Komini ya Musambira, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nyamiyaga ho mu Karere ka Kamonyi mu Ntara y’Amajyepfo. Ababyeyi be ni Anastase Kimonyo na Gatarina Mukandirima, amazina yiswe n’ababyeyi be ni Emmanuel Gisa.Ku myaka 3 y’amavuko (mu 1960), nyuma y’imvururu zo mu 1959, yahungiye n’umuryango we mu gihugu cya Uganda. Nyuma yo gusoza amashuri yisumbuye mu 1976, Fred Gisa Rwigema yagiye mu gisirikare yinjira mu mutwe w’ingabo zari iza Yoweli Museveni witwaga FRONASA (Front for National Salvation). Icyo gihe ni bwo uwitwaga Gisa Emmanuel yahinduye amazina yitwa Gisa Fred Rwigema. Muri uwo mwaka kandi, yagiye mu Gihugu cya Mozambique yinjira mu mutwe w’ingabo wa FRELIMO warwaniraga ubwigenge bwa Mozambique ku gihugu cya Portugal. Mu 1979, Fred Gisa Rwigema yinjiye mu mutwe w’ingabo wa UNLA (Uganda National Liberation Army), aho uyu mutwe ufatanyije n’ingabo za Tanzaniya bahiritse ku butegetsi Idi Amin wategekeshaga igitugu Uganda. Nyuma y’uko Idi Amin ahiritswe ku butegetsi agahunga, Uganda yafashwe na Milton Obote, maze Gisa Rwigema yifatanya n’umutwe w’ingabo wa Museveni witwa NRA (National Resistance Army) bafata ubutegetsi mu 1986. Nyuma y’uko NRA ya Museveni ifashe ubutegetsi, Fred Gisa Rwigema yabaye uwungirije Minisitiri w’ingabo, ndetse afasha cyane guhashya inyeshyamba z’ubutegetsi bwavuyeho muri Uganda zashakaga kwigarurira igihugu. Fred Gisa Rwigema ni umwe mu ntwari u Rwanda rwibuka zagize uruhare runini mu kwibohora kw’Abanyarwanda.

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Bageze muri Stade, Perefe Kagimbangabo André yafashe ijambo maze yibasira Abatutsi, avuga mu ijwi riranguruye ko uwo Abatutsi bari bishingikirije amaze guhambwa, ko hari abari batazi cyangwa ngo bemere ko yapfuye koko. Avuga ko hari abasore bavaga i Cyangugu bagaca muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo bajya mu Nkotanyi, avuga mu ijwi riranguruye ko ‘inzira banyuragamo agiye kuyifunga, byaba ngombwa akamenagura amato abo Batutsi bambukiramo’. Arangiza avuga ko “Abatutsi basubiza amerwe mu isaho ko Revolusiyo yo mu 1959 yabasezereye ku butegetsi n’ubuhake bwabo”.144

Bisengimana Elisée asobanura mu buhamya bwe ko kuri uwo munsi hari hatanzwe amabwiriza yo kureba Abatutsi b’abakozi ba Leta n’abacuruzi batitabiriye icyo gikorwa kugira ngo ababisuzuguye bashyirwe kuri lisiti hanyuma bazakurikiranwe. Hari n’abagombaga kureba niba koko Abatutsi bitabiriye urwo rugendo bagaragaza ko bababaye.

Uwo munsi kandi ni bwo Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yatanze itegeko ko mu mashuri yose yo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bagomba kwiga indirimbo yari yaririmbwe n’abasirikare bakuru ba FAR, indirimbo yari yuzuyemo amagambo y’ibitutsi n’ivangura, aho bitaga « .....Abatutsi inyangarwanda, inyenzi, ba gashakabuhake, ......, ko abari bateye u Rwanda bakubishwe incuro bakicuza icyabazanye». Mbere yo gutangira amasomo, buri mu gitondo abana bagombaga gusubira muri iyo ndirimbo, maze abari abarimu muri icyo gihe na bo barushanwa gucengeza ayo macakubiri mu bana.145

Kuva mu 1990, nta Mututsi wongeye kugira amahoro. Ndagijimana Théoneste asobanura ko “aho wanyuraga hose babaga bakunnyega bavuga ngo ntituzi ko Rwigema yapfuye? Ngo natwe turibeshya nta cyo tuzageraho. Kugera mu 1994, bari bararangije kuducira urubanza, baranogeje umugambi wo kutwica”.146

144 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, Ubuhamya bwa Bisengimana Elisée, Kigali, 2005145 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, ubuhamya bwa Bisengimana Elisée, Kigali, 2005 146 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUHIGIRWA Innocent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017

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3.2 Guhohotera Abatutsi binyuze mu gukora amarondo no kugenzura kuri bariyeri

Kuva ku itariki ya 1 Ukwakira 1990, Inkotanyi zimaze gutangiza urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, hahise hajyaho amabwiriza yatanzwe mu gihugu hose yo gushyiraho amarondo na bariyeri. Mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa icyo cyemezo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ba burugumesitiri bazengurutse amasegiteri yose kuva ku wa 10 Ukuboza 1990 kugera ku wa 15 Ukuboza 1990 bakoresha inama abaturage zo gushyigikira umutekano, basaba kandi abaturage bose kwitabira kujya ku marondo bitwaje intwaro zifatika zabafasha kwirwanaho igihe baba batewe n’umwanzi (icumu, umupanga, ubuhiri,...).147 Amarondo na bariyeri bimaze gushingwa, amarondo yakoraga ijoro ryose kugera mu gitondo. Bariyeri zagiyeho zigakora ku manywa aho birirwaga bareba abatambuka, babaka ibya ngombwa, abatabifite bagahita babashyikiriza ubuyobozi bwa komini. Nk’uko bigaragaga mu nyandiko mvugo y’inama y’umutekano muri Komini Nyakabuye yo ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 1990, bariyeri yirirwagaho abantu bageze ku icumi.148 Ba konseye ba segiteri bari bashizwe kugenzura imirokorere y’amarondo na bariyeri kandi bagatanga raporo kwa burugumesitiri.

Gukaza amarondo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu byashimangiwe na Perefe wa Perefegitura nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa No 2238/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 27 Ugushyingo 1990, Perefe Kagimbangabo André yandikiye ababurugumesitiri bose abaha amabwiriza y’imicungire ya za bariyeri n’amarondo. Muri iyo baruwa Perefe yasabye ababurugumesitiri gukaza umurego n’umurava mu kuzicunga. Asobanura ko nta bariyeri igomba kubaho umuntu umwe cyangwa babiri gusa. Bagomba kuba benshi kandi abaturage bakiga uburyo bagomba kujya basimburana. Yashimangiye kandi ko abari kuri bariyeri batagomba kuba imbokoboko, asaba ubuyobozi bwa komini

147 Ibaruwa No 455/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 24 Ukuboza 1990, Superefe wa Superefegitura yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho inyandikomvugo y’inama y’umutekano yo ku wa 15 Ukuboza 1990 yasuzumiwemo uburyo amabwiriza ya Perefe atanga mu nama nyinshi agirana a ba Superefe, ba Burugumesitiri n’abandi bayobozi cyangwa abaturage ku birebana n’umutekano yubahirizwa

148 Ibaruwa No 832/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 1990 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye Makuza Guillaume yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho inyandikomvugo yinama y’umutekano yo ku wa 23 Ugushyingo yahuje abagize akanama gashinzwe umutekano muri Komini Nyakabuye

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kwiga uburyo abari kuri bariyeri kimwe n’abarara amarondo baba bafite intwaro bakitabaza mu gihe umwanzi abagezeho.149

Ibikorwa byo kurara amarondo no gucunga umutekano kuri bariyeri byaranzwe no guhohotera Abatutsi bya hato hato nk’uko byasobanuwe na Nzajyibwami Aaron wari umugenzacyaha uhagarariye Porokireri wa Repubulika i Nyakabuye, watangaje muri raporo ko hari abaturage bajya ku marondo bakumva ko babonye uburenganzira bwo guhohotera Abatutsi.150 N’ubwo yabitanzemo raporo, nta cyakozwe mu guhagarika urwo rugomo rwibasiraga Abatutsi, ahubwo abenshi bakomeje guhohoterwa bitwa ko ari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi.

3.3 Gufata no gufunga Abatutsi babita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi kuva mu 1990

Nyuma y’ikinamico ryabaye mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 4 - 5 Ukwakira 1990 mu Mujyi wa Kigali, hakurikiyeho gufata Abatutsi hirya no hino mu gihugu, bahereye ku bize, abacuruzi abishoboye n’abandi, bafungwa babeshyerwa ko ari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. Mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Abatutsi bafatiwe mu makomini bari batuyemo, babanza gufungirwa muri kasho za komini, nyuma boherezwa muri Gereza ya Cyangugu. Abafunzwe bafatwaga hashingiwe ku binyoma byavugaga ko ari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, ko bakorana n’Inkotanyi, ko bavugana na zo, ko bohereje abana babo mu gisirikare cya RPF-Inkotanyi n’ibindi.

Gufata no gufunga Abatutsi babita ibyitso byakozwe muri komini zose za Perefegitura ya Cyangugu:

Muri Komini Kamembe hafunzwe Dr. Nagapfizi Ignace wari umuyobozi wa Région Sanitaire ya Cyangugu, Sebera Hervé wakoraga muri ELECTROGAZ i Cyangugu, Sebera Jean Paul, Sebera Marie Paula, Muhirwa, Mwarimu Innocent, Karangwa, Murindabigwi Vénuste, Munyabuhoro Godfrey, Mbanzabugabo François, Karinda Valens, Vénuste wari Comptable, Mudaheranwa

149 Ibaruwa No 2238/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 27 Ugushyingo 1990, Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Kagimbangabo André yandikiye ababurugumesitiri bose ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu abagezaho ibijyanye n’imicungire ya za bariyeri n’amarondo.

150 Raporo y’Umutekano yo ku wa 15 Ukuboza 1990.

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Casmir wari umucuruzi, Vianney, Didas, Karangwa Théoneste wari umucuruzi i Kamembe, Karera Valérie wakoraga ku mupaka wa Rusizi, Ntagara Evariste, Uzayisenga Assumpta, Mukankwaya Regine, Nambazisa Charles, Barakagwira Zacharie, Muhire Vénèrand bitaga Rugabiza, Mukamurigo Médiatrice, Habimana François, Hategekimana Faustin, Butera Réonard, Marie Paul na Jean Paul bo kwa Thérèse, Kaviziya n’abiwe, Trojan, Casmir Amani, Gataki Ananias, Gapfumu, Serubyogo, Kagenza Isidor n’abandi. Hari abacitse bahita bahunga barimo Rutayisire Déo, Nsengumuremyi Emilien wishwe muri Jenoside n’abandi. Muri Komini Cyimbogo hafunzwe Abatutsi benshi, bamwe bafungirwa ku Kacyato, abandi bajya muri Gereza ya Cyangugu. Mu bamenyekanye harimo Valérie, Munyabatware François, Sekidende, Sentama, Mwarimu Niyonzima Anicet, Kayumba Sébastien, Murwanashyaka, Eulicade, Kayibanda, Bushiru Kayitani wo muri Cyete wari umucuruzi w’inka, Hategekimana Albert wo mu Karangiro wari IPJ muri Cyimbogo, Nkusi Alfred wari Agronome wa Komini, Kayumba wari magasinien wa MINAGRI akorera kuri préfecture, Papiane, Sendatanga, Karangwa wo ku Winteko, Senuma, Butwari Ernest, Leta Trojan, Ngomayombi Léother, Mwarimu Komini wo mu Ibambiro wigishaga muri CERAI i Nyarushishi n’abandi. Muri Komini Gishoma hafunzwe Mugabo Damien w’i Mushaka, Subika wo ku Kibangira muri Bugarama, Mudeyi Modeste w’i Rukunguri, Mwemera Théoneste wari umucuruzi, Cyiza Damien wari umucuruzi mu Bugarama, Mwemera Théoneste, Gakwandi Evariste, Gasarasi, Ndabona Mathieu, Mashaka Marcel, Nyirinkwaya Laurent, Kabeba Gratien, Karuhije François, Kananura Beyikari, Mbarubukeye, Kageruka Lambert, Gasore Aloys wo ku Ishara, Kaberuka Aloys, Nyiramahirwe Thérèse n’abandi.

Muri Komini Nyakabuye hafunzwe Kambanda Charles, Silas na Ukurikiyimfura Théobard bakoraga mu ruganda rwa CIMERWA. Hafunzwe kandi Kanamugire Gervais, Nzisabira Trojan wo muri Segiteri Matare wari umucuruzi, Ndayishimye Félix wo muri Segiteri Muhanga nawe wakoraga ubucuruzi n’abandi.

Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Nzajyibwami Aaron wari Umushi-njacyaha uhagarariye Porokireri wa Repubulika i Nyakabuye:

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Abaturage bavugaga ko uwafashwe ari Inkotanyi cyangwa uwafashwe ari icyitso agomba gufungwa kubera ko uwo ari umwanzi w’igihugu wari ugamije kwica abana bose b’igihugu yitwaza ko azanye Demokarasi, bityo aho bashakaga gushyira Abahutu bakaba ari bo bagomba kuhajya, na ho babaretse n’ubundi ntibazihana, batekereza ko ibyo badukoreye bitatubabaje, ko nta cyo byigeze bitubwira.151

Muri Komini Bugarama hafunzwe Kanusi Alphonse, umugore wa Kayijamahe Oscar, Kayihura Charles, Muremure Jean, Mazimpaka, Côme, Iyamuremye Védaste, Nzanywayimana Victoire, Mukarudaseswa Consolate, Kalisa Claude wakoraga muri CIMERWA, Mwarimu Serugo Jacques, Gashugi Augustin, Niringiyimana Alfred, Kanyamibwa Silas, Mpungirurwimo Godfrey, Saidi Hamisi, Subika wo muri Kizura mu Murenge wa Gikundamvura wakomokaga ku Kibuye, Nzigiyimana Michel, Ngirurwimo Godfrey wari utuye hafi yo kuri Komini n’umuhungu we bitaga Alfred, Twagiramungu Jean, Musengayire Ezira, Cyiza Damien wari umucuruzi mu Bugarama n’abandi. Bagifatwa babanje gufungirwa kuri Komini Bugarama nyuma bajyanwa muri Gereza ya Cyangugu. Nyuma yo gufungurwa mu byitso, Musengayire Ezira yakomeje gutotezwa bikomeye. Nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandiko mvugo y’inama y’umutekano muri Komini Bugarama yo ku wa 30 Ukwakira 19990, Twagiramungu Jacques yabwiye abitabiriye inama ko hari ikibazo yumvise cy’Umututsi witwa Musengayire Ezira wari wafashwe afungwa mu byitso ariko aza gufungurwa. Amushinja ko yari asanzwe afite imbunda n’amasasu ariko mu gihe yari afunzwe umugore we abijugunya mu musarani. Ayo makuru yakwirakwijwe na Mulindabyuma Alfred wari Greffier w’Urukiko rwa Kanto rwa Bugarama, wahoraga avuga ko Musengayire Ezira ari icyitso cy’inyangarwanda, ko agomba gufungwa.152 Kubera amakuru yakomeje gutangwa kuri Musengayire Ezira bamushinja kuba icyitso cy’Inkotanyi no gutunga imbunda, byatumye ubuyobozi

151 Raporo y’umutekano muri Komini Nyakabuye yakozwe na Nzajyibwami Aaron wari Umushinja- cyaha uhagarariye Porokireri wa Repubulika i Nyakabuye ku wa 15 Ukuboza 1990

152 Ibaruwa No 1149/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 8 Ugushyingo 1990 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Bugarama yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho inyandikomvugo y’inama y’umutekano yo ku wa 30 Ukwakira 1990.

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bwa Komini Bugarama bujya gusaka iwe ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 1990 ariko bigaragara ko ari ukumushinja ibinyoma.153

Mu itangira ry’urugamba rwo kubohoza igihugu, muri Komini Bugarama cyane cyane muri Segiteri Gikundamvura hadutse kandi ibihuha ko hari Inyenzi Inkotanyi zari zateye ziturutse i Burundi, byongera ukwishishanya no kwibasira Abatutsi babita ibyitso byazo. Nk’uko bigaragara muri raporo y’umutekano yo ku wa 12 Ukwakira 1990 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Bugarama yoherereje Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, asobanura ko “ku wa 7 Ukwakira 1990 nimugoroba, muri Segiteri Gikundamvura, Serire Mpinga, hakwiye impuha zivuga ko u Rwanda rwari rwatewe n’abanzi baturutse i Burundi. Ibyo byatumye abaturage b’iyo Segiteri bacikamo igikuba, bamwe bahungira muri Segiteri Muganza ndetse n’aba Muganza bake bahungira muri Segiteri Muhehwe.” Ibyo ariko byabaye impuha, abari bataye ingo zabo bazisubiramo”. Burugumesitiri akomeza asobanura ko kubera iyo mpamvu abaturage bafatanyije n’abayobozi b’inzego z’ibanze zose bakajije amarondo ku manywa na ninjoro, maze abadafite ibya ngombwa n’abakekwaho ubugambanyi bagafatwa bagashyikirizwa ubutegetsi bwa komini.154 155

Inkuru z’impuha zakunze kwifashishwa n’abategetsi ba Komini Bugarama mu mugambi wo kwibasira Abatutsi. Nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa yo ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 1991 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Buragama yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho raporo y’umutekano, anasobanura mu buryo burambuye amakuru yatanzwe na Konseye wa Segiteri Bugarama wamenyesheje ubuyobozi bwa Komini Bugarama ko muri Kamanyora ho muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Inkotanyi zaba ziri kwisuganya zishaka gutera u Rwanda zihaturutse, kandi ko

153 Ibaruwa No 1229/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 3 Ukuboza 1990 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Bugarama yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho inyandikomvugo y’inama y’umutekano yo ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 1990.

154 Ibaruwa No1068/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 12 Ukwakira 1990 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Buragama yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho raporo y’umutekano mu cyumweru cyo kuva ku wa 1/10 kugera ku wa 07/10/1990;

155 Ibaruwa No1153/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 10 Ugushyingo 1990 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Buragama yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho raporo y’umutekano y’ukwezi k’Ukwakira 1990.

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izo Nkotanyi zaba zifite intwaro zihishe ahantu hatazwi.156 157. Kuba Burugumesitiri yarahaye agaciro amakuru yatanzwe na konseye, akabimenyesha na Perefe, birumvikana ko Abatutsi bahise bashyirwaho ingenza, bashinjwa ko bakorana nabo. Umututsi aho ari hose yari yaragizwe umwanzi w’igihugu, ashinjwa iteka kugirana imikoranire ya bugufi n’Inkotanyi.

Gufata Abatutsi bakabafunga babashinja kuba ibyitso by’Inkotanyi ntibyigeze bihagarara muri Komini Bugarama. Nk’uko bigaragagara mu nyandiko mvugo y’inama y’umutekano muri Superefegitura ya Bugumya yo ku wa 21 Werurwe 1991, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Bugarama yamenyesheje abitabiriye inama ko ibikorwa byo guhiga ibyitso by’Inkotanyi bikomeje, asobanura ko ku itariki ya 9 Werurwe 1991 bafashe uwitwa Ruganintwari Faustin mwene Mutabazi Dominique na Nyirabakiga bo muri Komini Cyimbogo, bamushyikiriza inzego zibishinzwe. Ibyo byatumye hafatwa umwanzuro ko ba nyumbakumi bagomba kumenya abatuye mu ngo zabo, uwasohotse, aho yagiye, ikimugenza, itariki yagendeye n’aho yagarukiye, ibyo bikaba kandi no ku binjiye muri serire.158

Muri Komini Karengera hafunzwe Kanamugire Fidèle azira ko afite umugore w’Umututsikazi, hafungwa Batagata Laurent, Mangara Jean, Rugambarara Jean, Kampayana Jean n’umuhungu we Abraham, Kanamugire Xavier, Muganga, Nyirinkindi Augustin, Yesaya mwene Maherezo, Nzeyimana, Pasteur Murekezi Thomas, Gakuba Emmanuel, Gakwaya Alphonse, Twagiramungu Jean, Kayitana Anicet bitaga Gashamura wacururizaga mu Kigabiro, Mwarimu Kalisa Jean Marie Vianney wo muri Rwabidege - Wimana, Gaparayi Appollinaire w’i Nyamuhunga, Ndakosa Trojan w’i Nyamuhunga, Nganguzi Védaste w’i Nyamuhunga, Nsabimana Jean Baptiste w’i Nyamuhunga, Vénuste wo mu Bigutu wari OPJ n’abandi.

156 Ibaruwa No1477/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 1991 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Buragama Bwana Gatabazi Venuste yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho raporo y’umutekano mu cyumweru cyo kuva ku wa 1/11 kugera ku wa 09/11/1990

157 Ibaruwa No1562/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 10 Ukuboza 1991 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Buragama Bwana Gatabazi Venuste yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho raporo y’umutekano y’Ugushyingo 1991.

158 Ibaruwa No182/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 2 Mata 1991 Supere wa Superefegitura ya Bugumya yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho inyandikomvugo y’inama y’umutekano yo ku wa 21 Werurwe 1991

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Inkotanyi zimaze gutangiza urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, Abatutsi benshi bagafungwa bitwa ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, abayobozi ba Komini Karengera bakomeje gukora ibishoboka byose mu gushakisha icyatuma Umututsi akomeza guhohoterwa, kugera aho Burugumesitiri afashe umwanzuro wo kohereza intasi mu Burundi, ayisaba kujya gutata ko haba hari Inkotanyi, bityo Abatutsi bahure n’ibibazo bashinjwa gukorana na zo. Nk’uko bigaragara muri raporo y’ubutumwa yo ku wa 6 Kamena 1991 Umunyamabanga wa Komini Karengera Habimana Jean Chrysostome yagiriye i Burundi, aho yari yasabwe na Burugumesitiri kujya gutata uko umutekano wifashe mu bice byegereye u Rwanda muri Province ya Cibitoki, no kuneka ko nta Nkotanyi zaba zihari, Habimana Jean Chrysostome asobanura ko ageze i Burundi yabwiwe n’abaturage ko ibintu byo gutera u Rwanda byari biteganyijwe ku wa 4 Kamena 1991, ko uwo munsi ari bwo abagabo 3 bakomoka i Bujumbura baje muri Komini Mabayi ahitwa i Rutabu bahahurira n’abarimu babiri bigishaga aho mu Rutabu. Abo bagabo n’imodoka irimo ibisanduku baraye kuri abo barimu bukeye bakomeza bajya mu ishyamba bita Ikibira cya Mabayi. Habimana Jean Chrysostome yemeza muri raporo ye ko abo bantu bari Abatutsi. Habimana Jean Chrysostome akomeza asobanura ko abo bantu bafashwe n’abaturage, barabasaka maze babasangana imbunda n’amasasu. Abaturage bamaze kubasangana imbunda n’amasasu banze kubarekura, kugera bahakuwe na Gouverneur wa Province ya Cibitoke. Habimana Jean Chrysostome avuye muri ubwo butasi yahise atanga raporo kuri Burugumesitiri ku wa 8 Kamena 1991, maze Burugumesitiri na we ahita abimenyesha Perefe wa Perefegitura nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibaruwa No 653/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 10 Kamena 1991 iri ku mugereka, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera Natete Fulgence yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho raporo y’umutekano. Habimana Jean Chrysostome yakwirakwije amakuru ko yasanze i Burundi hari umugambi wo gutera u Rwanda ukozwe n’Abatutsi, ibintu atagaragaje ibimenyetso bifatika kubera ko mu byukuri abantu batatu gusa avuga yumvise badashobora kugaba igitero. Ibyo bihuha yazanye byakomeje kuba impamvu yo kubona Umututsi aho ari hose nk’umwanzi cyane cyane abari batuye mu bice byegereye umupaka w’u Rwanda n’u Burundi.

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Komini Karengera yakoze kandi iperereza kuri Kampayana Jean wo mu Bweyeye wakekwagaho bikomeye kuba icyitso cy’Inkotanyi. Nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa No770/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 6 Ugushyingo 1990 iri ku mugereka, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera Natete Fulgence yandikiye Porokireri wa Repubulika i Cyangugu akamenyesha Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho ibyo azi kuri Kampayana Jean, Burugumesitiri asobanura ko Kampayana akunda kujya i Burundi agiye mu buryo butazwi kandi akajya mu kigo cy’abasirikare b’i Mabayi nta muntu uzi ibimujyanye. Burugumesitiri akomeza asobanura ko Kampayana Jean akunda kujya i Burundi yitwaje ko ari umuvugabutumwa kandi abeshya. Burugumesitiri yasobanuye kandi ko Kampayana afite akamenyero kabi ko kuraza impunzi z’Abarundi mu rugo rwe, nta mutegetsi n’umwe yaberetse, ndetse ko akunda no gutumira rwihishwa Abarundi bakaza mu nama zabereye mu Bweyeye ziyobowe n’abategetsi bo mu nzego zo hejuru n’ibindi. Burugumesitiri yasobanuye na none ko Kampayana akunda kuzerera mu migi yose nta mpamvu izwi imujyana.159 Muri rusange, ibaruwa ya Burugumesitiri yatangaga isura mbi kuri Kampayana, yerekana ko ari icyitso cyangwa afitanye imikoranire ya bugufi n’Inkotanyi, bityo ibikorwa bye bikaba bigomba gukurikiranwa.

Muri Komini Gisuma hafunzwe Ntihinyurwa Alfred, Nkusi Darius, Nkusi Alfred w’Igiheke wari Agronome, Kabera Claude wakoraga muri CIMERWA, Kaviziya wakoraga kuri Station ya essence, Méthode n’umugore we, Nshogoza, Habiyambere w’i Munyove, Nzeyinguru Eldeulade wo muri Giheke, Kayumba François, Ndagijiimana Modeste, Simugomwa Côme, Stanislas wari Directeur i Rwumvangoma, Mwarimu Kanyemera Antoine wigishaga mu Bushenge ari Maître principal i Nyarutovu, Mwarimu Bacibungo François, Simugomwa Jean, Rusanganwa, Serubyogo Zacharie wari umucuruzi i Kamembe akaba Umuhutu ariko azira ko adahuje umugambi n’abategetsi bariho kugera bimuviriyemo kwicwa muri Jenoside n’abandi.

159 Ibaruwa No770/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 6 Ugushyingo 1990 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera Natete Fulgence yandikiye Porokireri wa Repubulika i Cyangugu amugezaho raporo kuri Kampayana Jean ukekwaho kuba icyitso cy’inyangarwanda

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Muri Komini Gafunzo hafunzwe Nzisabira André wari Comptable wa Komini, Mwarimu Mukombozi, Mwarimu Anicet mwene Ruzirampuhwe, Anatole, Masaziro Antoine n’abandi. Kampororo Bellancile na Siriya Léoncie bo bafatiwe mu Kirambo babafungirayo. Kanyenzi Patrice, Ntamunoza Thacien mwene Kabahizi, Mukakarinda Odette na Murera Aphrodis bo bafunzwe bashinjwa gutega mines bahawe n’Inkotanyi. Kabahizi Callixte na Rwigemera Alfred bo barakubiswe bashiramo umwuka bataragezwa aho bafungirwa kuri komini.

Gufata no gufunga Abatutsi babita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi byarakomeje. Nk’uko bigaragazwa na raporo y’umutekano Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gafunzo Karorero Charles yagejeje kuri Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu asobanura ko ku wa 19 Nzeri 1991 bafashe uwitwa Ndayisabye basanga ashobora kuba ari Inkotanyi cyangwa icyitso cyazo. Burugumesitiri asobanura ko uwo Ndayisaba avuga ko ari mwene Murindangabo w’Umututsi wo ku Mugera muri Serire Nyakagano wari ufungiye i Cyangugu. Ndayisaba yahise yoherezwa kuri Gendarmerie i Cyangugu.160

Muri Komini Kagano hafunzwe Abatutsi benshi harimo Musabe Vénérand, Rwemarika Aphrodis, Munyankindi Felicien, Bushati Etienne, Rudahunga Eugène, Gatwisi Faustin na Ndera Jean bakomokaga mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rambira. Hafunzwe kandi Gasore mwene Thaddée, Mbanzabugabo François na Bakareke Emmanuel bakomokaga mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mukinja, Hodari wari utuye Rambira, Marisa bahimbaga Toto wari utuye mu Butambara, Bunyoni Claudien n’umugore we bo muri Rambira, Musabe n’abahungu be 2: Munyankindi na Rurangwa, Trojan, Ntayomba, Mwarimu Ngendabibi, Mudeyi Vianney wo muri Mukinja, ise wa Frère Bunyoni na murumuna we Sebudandi bo muri Rambira, Eugène mwene Gapyisi Faustin wo ku Ishara, Gasore Aloys wo ku Ishara, Immaculée n’umugabo we bo muri Rambira, Nyarubuye na Kabutende bo muri Rambira, Rubwejanga Martin wo muri Rambira, Nzigamasabo Thomas wo muri Rambira n’abandi benshi bo ku gasozi ko ku Mugohe no ku Mugasa. Hafunzwe kandi Bigirimana Désiré wari umupolisi bamushinja kuba icyitso cy’Inkotanyi no gukorana na zo aho bavugaga ko ajya i Bugande kubonana n’Inkotanyi, hafungwa

160 Ibaruwa No790/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 20 Nzeli 1991 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gafunzo Karorero Charles yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho raporo y’umutekano y’icyumweru.

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Masengesho Sylvestre wakoraga mu Gisakura, Mutarutinya Célestin wari umucuruzi ku Rwesero, Sehene Ferdinand bavugaga ko agira Radiyo avuganiraho n’Inkotanyi, umukobwa wa Gafuku n’umuhungu we witwaga Murera Aphrodis, Karemera François, Gapyisi Faustin, Théogène, Vétérinaire Nshogoza, Kalisa Arsène, Mwarimu Ngendo Yves, Mwarimu Gasore Aloys, Bagirishya Jean, umucuruzi Kagesera, Inspecteur Kalisa Bernard, Rudasingwa Augustin wari Assistant Burugumesitiri, Florien wari umuganga i Nyamasheke, Rubwejanga, Mwarimu Kalisa Claude, Mwarimu Songa Jean, Mwarimu Songa Innocent, Ndera Jean, Dafari, Ribanje n’abandi. Nyuma yo gufata Abatutsi bababeshyera kuba ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, bahise birara no mu matungo yabo, inka bararya n’ibindi.

Muri Komini Kirambo hafunzwe Kayitsinga Bernard na Kayiranga Gaston bari Assistants Burugumesitiri, Kabahaya Augustin wo muri Segiteri Gitongo wari umucuruzi mu Kirambo, Musonera Philipe, Semandwa Célestin, Mwarimu Mugabonake Narcisse, Makuza wacuruzaga mu i Tyazo, Katayija Kayitani wo mu Gatare wari umukozi w’Itorero rya Méthodiste, Kalisa wo kwa Célestin, Safari Alexis, Gasana, Pasteri Kanyenzi, Mwarimu Munyankindi Azalias wigishaga muri EAM (Ecole d’Assistant Médicale), Gatera Aaron wakoraga mu gikoni cya EAM, Kanyemera Hesron wakoraga ku Bitaro bya Kibogora, Gatera Aaron wafotoraga i Kibogora, Gasana Ephrem wari Umwarimu mu Ishuri Ribanza rya Remera, Mbabariye Emmanuel wacuruzaga inzoga, Kayigema Siméon wacuruzaga mu i Tyazo, Kageruka wari umwarimu ku Ishuri Ribanza rya Ruheru A n’abandi. Gufata no gufunga Abatutsi muri Komini Kirambo byakozwe na Ngezahayo Hesron afatanyije na Ntibitegereza Néhémie wayoboraga Segiteri Mbabe akaba umusigire wa Burugumesitiri (Burugumesitiri yari mu rugendoshuri) afatanyije n’abapolisi ba Komini Kirambo. Ngezahayo Hesron wari muramu wa Burugumesitiri niwe watwaraga imodoka ya komini, yari umuntu uvuga rikijyana mu byemezo byose bifatwa ku rwego rwa komini.

Muri Komini Gatare hafunzwe Mwarimu Gakimane Fabien w’i Muramba, Mwarimu Kagame Alfred, Mwarimu Théophile, Ndorimana Joseph wari umucuruzi, Karara Albert, Rwagatore na Rwiranga, Mafurebo Marcel, Simbizi Alfred, Rugasira Alphonse,

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Gatera Innocent wari umucuruzi i Hanika, Mutangana Straton n’umuhungu we Théophile, Ribakare, Gaharaza na Nsengimana. Hafunzwe kandi Munyeshuri Adrien, Nsengimana Védaste, Nshamihigo Etiènne, Mwarimu Mazimpaka Emmanuel wigishaga i Rumamfu, Gahigiro Anthère wacuruzaga i Hanika, Karake wo mu Bitaba, Sayinzoga Boniface na Ntamabyariro Innocent bene Ruti Aloys, Kayihura Salathiel mwene Kamenyero. Muri Segiteri Muraza hafunzwe Munyeshuri Adrien mwene Muzindutsi, Sengima mwene Serutanga, Serundaga Joseph mwene Sanzira, Ngirumpatse Claver mwene Gumiriza, Munyandamutsa Paul, Nshamihigo Stephano na Nduwamungu Yoram bene Bishangara, Kabirigi Augustin mwene Nshamihigo, Kalisa Callixte mwene Gatayija w’i Gitambi, Ruhigira Ezechiel mwene Bisetsa w’i Gitambi, Mukangwije Manerika w’i Gitambi, Bazasangwa mwene Ntambabazi w’i Gitambi n’abandi.

3.4 Gufata no gufunga Abatutsi babita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi ni umugambi wari wateguwe kandi ushyirwa mu bikorwa n’abategetsi

Muri rusange, gufata no gufunga Abatutsi babita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi byari mu mugambi w’abategetsi. Nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandikomvugo y’inama yo ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 1990 Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yagiranye n’abaturage bo mu Bugarama, yasobanuye ko kuva ku wa 1 Ukwakira 1990 u Rwanda ruri mu ntambara rurwana n’umwanzi waruteye aturutse mu gihugu cya Uganda. Perefe asobanura ko n’ubwo Perezida yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo atsinde urugamba, akitabaza n’ibihugu by’inshuti harimo Ubufaransa, Zayire n’Ububirigi, intambara yanze kurangira vuba kubera ko umwanzi yaje asanga ibyitso bye mu Banyarwanda harimo n’abasirikare. Akomeza ashimira abaturage umusanzu batanze mu gushyigikira ingabo z’igihugu, gushyiraho amarondo na za bariyeri no kuba abagaragaye kuba bafatanyije n’umwanzi barashyikirijwe ubutegetsi.161

Ibyo byagarutsweho kandi mu nama yo ku wa 6 Gashyantare 1991 yahuje abagenzacyaha bakorera muri Cyangugu iyobowe na Nkubiri Paulin wari Porokireli wa

161 Ibaruwa No 1269/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 12 Ukuboza 1990 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Bugarama yandikiye Perefe amugezaho Inyandikomvugo y’Inama Perefe yagiranye n’Abaturage bo mu Bugarama ku wa 28 Ugushyingo 1990

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Repubulika i Cyangugu, aho mu ngingo zizwe harimo n’iyo gusuzuma uko umutekano wifashe muri buri Fasi ya Kanto nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandikomvugo y’inama iri ku mugereka: Muri iyo nama:

- Umugenzacyaha wa Kanto ya Bugarama yasobanuye ko mu ifasi ye abantu bafunzwe mu byitso bafashwe na Burugumesitiri, ari na we wakurikiranye iby’abakekwaho kuba ibyitso;

- Umugenzacyaha wa Kanto ya Gishoma yasobanuye ko mu gihe inyangarwanda zateraga igihugu Burugumesitiri n’aba konseye ari bo bakurikiranye abakekwa kuba ibyitso;

- Umugenzacyaha wa Kanto ya Cyimbogo yasobanuye ko we yahageze mu kwezi k’Ugushyingo 1990 intambara yaratangiye ariko ko akeka ko hashobora kuba harafashwe abakekwa kuba ibyitso 3 ariko 2 barafunguwe. Mu by’ukuri nta makuru yari afite ku ifatwa n’ifungurwa ryabo;

- Umugenzacyaha wa Kanto ya Gisuma yasobanuye ko mu ifasi ye hafashwe abakekwa kuba ibyitso by’Inkotanyi barindwi (7), ariko avuga ko bose barekuwe;

- Umugenzacyaha wa Kanto ya Karengera yasobanuye ko mu ifasi ye hafunzwe abakekwa kuba ibyitso by’Inkotanyi batatu (3), 2 b’i Butare n’undi 1 w’i Gitesi ku Kibuye, wakoraga muri UGZ 4. Akomeza asobanura ko mu mpera z’ukwezi k’Ukwakira 1990 na bwo haje umwuka mubi mu baturage b’i Bweyeye bavuga ko hari igitero kizaturuka i Burundi cyitwa ‘IMANZI’, ariko ko abategetsi babihagurukiye. Ibyo bikaba byaratumye Burugumesitiri ajya i Burundi aho yumvikanye n’abategetsi baho ko nta mwanzi uzatera u Rwanda avuye i Burundi;

- Umugenzacyaha wa Kanto ya Gafunzo we yasobanuye ko yageze ku kazi mu kwezi k’Ukuboza 1990 intambara iri guhosha;

- Umugenzacyaha wa Kanto ya Kamembe we yasobanuye ko abantu bafashwe na Gendarmerie na Parike. Akomeza asobanura ko abaturage bakivuga byinshi, ko bifuza ko habaho undi mu kwabu ibyitso byose bigafatwa;

- Abagenzacyaha bo mu ifasi ya Cyesha hamwe n’uwa Kanto ya Nyakabuye ntibitabiriye inama.

Muri iyo nama abagenzacyaha bagaragaje ko muri komini

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hafunzwe abantu benshi, bamwe bakanatindamo, cyane cyane abafunzwe na burugumesitiri.162 Aha umuntu yakwibaza niba mu nshingano za burugumesitiri yari yemerewe gufunga no gufungura.

3.5 Ifungurwa ry’abafunzwe mu byitso

Abafashwe mu byitso bamaze kugezwa hirya no hino muri kasho za komini no kuri Perefegitura hari abagize amahirwe bahita bafungurwa, abandi bafungurwa n’amasezerano ya N’Selé. N’ubwo habuze icyaha bafungiwe, ntibyabujije ko bafungurwa nyuma yo gucibwa no gutanga amande nk’uko bisobanurwa na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye mu Ibaruwa No 805/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 1990 iri ku mugereka, yandikiye Porokireri wa Repubulika i Cyangugu amumenyesha umwanzuro wafatiwe abakekwa ko ari ibyitso by’inyangarwanda. Burugumesitiri agaragaza ko hari abakekwa ko ari ibyitso by’inyangarwanda bo muri Komini Nyakabuye bafunguwe harimo Nzisabira Trojan na Ndayishimiye Félix bombi bakora umurimo w’ubucuruzi, bakaba bari bafashwe mu byitso ariko komisiyo ishinzwe anketi isuzumye icyaha abo bantu bafatiwe kirabura maze babaca amande barafungurwa.163 Aha umuntu yakwibaza impamvu izi nzirakarengane zaciwe amande mu gihe Burugumesitiri na we ubwe avuga ko yabuze icyaha bashinjwa.

Muri Werurwe 1991, nyuma y’amasezerano y’i N’selé yabereye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo hagati ya FPR na Leta y’u Rwanda, hemejwe ko imfungwa zose zifunze kubera intambara zirekurwa. Ni bwo abari bagihumeka barekuwe ariko abenshi bavutswa uburenganzira bwo gusubira mu kazi kandi byari mu masezerano ya N’selé ndetse n’itegeko ryagengaga umurimo mu Rwanda ryavugaga ko umukozi wese wafunzwe ariko nta katirwe n’inkiko asubizwa mu kazi.

Nk’uko Safari Alexis wafunzwe mu byitso abisobanura, babayeho mu buzima bubi muri kasho no muri gereza, barihebye, babona ko ibyabo byarangiye ku bw’amahirwe baza gufungurwa:

162 Ibaruwa No E/153/D.11/A/Proré yo ku wa 06 Gashyantare 1991 Porokireri wa Repubulika i Cyangugu yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ubutabera amugezaho inyandikomvugo y’inama yo ku wa 6 Gashyantare 1991 yagiranye n’Abagenzacyaha ba Kanto muri Cyangugu.

163 Ibaruwa No805/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 1990 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye yandikiye Porokireri wa Repubulika i Cyangugu amumenyesha umwanzuro wafatiwe abakekwa ko ari ibyitso by’inyangarwanda.

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Twafungiwe kuri komini tuhamara igihe kirekire, nyuma badupakira i modoka ya Hilux ya komini, dutwarwa na Singayirwa, batujyana i Cyangugu dushorewe n’umupolisi wo kuri komini witwaga Giceri Thacien. Batujyana i Cyangugu Perefe Kagimbangabo yari yiriwe muri Komini Kirambo na Gatare nyuma ategeka ko bajya kudufungira i Cyangugu. Tugeze i Cyangugu kuri jandarumori twasanze huzuye, bategeka ko tujya kuri Perefegitura. Muri urwo rugendo, abicaye inyuma bose bagendaga bakubitwa. Twageze ku Rusizi kuri Perefegitura dusanga Superefe Kamonyo adutegereje ahita atwirukana, ati: ‘nimukate musubireyo’. Ubwo twasubiyeyo, tugeze kuri komini baradufungura bati: ‘nimugende mutahe nitwumva hari uwongeye kugira ikibazo noneho muzapfa’. N’ubwo tutamenye uko twafunguwe, twaje kumenya ko Perefe yahawe amabwiriza aturutse i Kigali ko nta muntu wongera gufungwa, tuba tugize amahirwe mu buryo butunguranye, dufungurwa dutyo.164

3.6 Kwirukana Abatutsi mu kazi babeshyerwa kuba ibyitso by’Inkotanyi

Kuva mu 1990, ubwo FPR-Inkotanyi yatangizaga urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu, Abatutsi bari mu kazi hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu cyane cyane mu nganda bahise birukanwa. Abatutsi barirukanwe mu ruganda rwa SONAFRUITS rwari muri Komini Cyimbogo. Murengezi Cyprien wari Directeur w’urwo ruganda yibasiye Abatutsi bahakoraga, maze kubera urwango yari abafitiye abirukana mu kazi mu 1993. Mu birukanywe harimo Mpabanzi Emilien, Kanyandekwe Gratien, Sibomana Damas n’abandi. Mujawamariya Consolée we bamwirukanye bamwita icyitso cy’Inkotanyi kubera ko yari yarashyingiranywe na Hategekimana Albert wari Umututsi. Nyuma yo kwirukana abo atashakaga, Murengezi Cyprien yahise ashyiramo abo kubasimbura.165

164 Ikiganiro Umushakashatsi yagiranye n’umutangabuhamya SAFARI Alexis mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017

165 Ikiganiro Umushakashatsi yagiranye n’umutangabuhamya MPABANZI Emilien mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2017

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Abatutsi birukanywe kandi no mu Ruganda rwa CIMERWA muri Komini Bugarama. Mu birukanywe harimo Kayihura, Kanyamibwa n’abandi. Bari basanzwe ari abakozi ba CIMERWA, nyuma bafungwa babita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. Bamaze gufungurwa, ubuyobozi bwa CIMERWA bwahise bubirukana mu kazi, nta ntenguza nta n’imperekeza.

3.7 Ivangura ry’amoko no kwibasira Abatutsi muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga ho muri Komini Karengera

Muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga ho muri Komini Karengera Abahutu bateguye umugambi wo kumenesha Abatutsi no kurya inka zabo, ariko ku bw’amahirwe uza kuburizwamo. Segiteri Nyamuhunga yari isanzwe ari kamwe mu duce twa Komini Karengera twabarizwamo Abatutsi benshi. Nk’uko bigaraga mu nyandiko mvugo y’inama y’umutekano yo ku wa 21 Mutarama 1991 yari igamije gusuzuma ikibazo cy’umutekano muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera Natete Fulgence yasobanuye ko mu Ukuboza 1990 muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga habaye umwuka mubi ushingiye ku ivanguramoko aho Abahutu ngo bateguye umugambi wo kurya inka z’Abatutsi bakanabica bitwaje intambara, bikagera n’aho Abatutsi bamwe bahungira muri Komini Gisuma ahitwa ku Cyimititi. Agronome wa Komini Karengera Kabatsi Joseph ukomoka kandi akanatura muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga yari yatumiwe muri iyo nama nk’umuntu ujijutse n’ubwo atari asanzwe ari umwe mu bagize inama y’umutekano. Muri iyo nama, Kabatsi Joseph yasobanuye ko umwuka mubi wavuzwe muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga uhari koko. Ayo makuru yatangiye gukwirakwizwa ku wa 13 Ukuboza 1990 kandi ko umugambi wari gushyirwa mu bikorwa ku wa 23 Ukuboza 1990. Kabatsi Joseph yagize ati:

Mu kwezi kw’Ukuboza 1990, hari umunsi natashye kare mvuye ku kazi, ngeze ahitwa mu Barandi, agace gatuwe n’Abatutsi benshi n’Abahutu bagera kuri bane gusa, jya kureba ishyamba ryanjye bavugaga ko bari barengereye. Nahise mpura na mukuru wanjye wo kwa data wacu arampagarika maze arambaza ati: ‘Ni ko Kabatsi, bite? Inka z’Abatutsi muzigeze he? Harya ngo muzazirya ejo?’ Ibyo kandi nabibajijwe

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na mushiki wanjye utuye muri Gisuma ngo: ‘harya mufite gahunda yo kwica Abatutsi mukarya n’inka zabo?’ Mushiki wanjye ambwira kandi ko yabwiwe n’uwitwa Monique ko agiye guteka vuba kugira ngo baze kumwica amaze kurya.166

Bukeye Agronome Kabatsi Joseph yagiye kureba Sebakungu Thomas amubajije uko icyo kibazo giteye, amubwira ko na we ari byo ari gukoraho iperereza, kuko yamusanze yakoranyije Abatutsi baturanye ababaza ukuntu bagiye kurya inka zabo. Hahise haza umugabo munini wo muri Komini Gisuma witwa Nkusi, bamubonye amagambo aba menshi bati dore noneho Abahutu batangiye kwegerana kugira ngo batumare.

Nyuma y’aho, Sebakungu yahuye na Bayingana Jean Marie Vianney wari umucamanza i Karengera bari kumwe na Kabatsi Joseph, ababaza niba Bayingana we haba hari icyo yumvise kuri ayo makuru. Bayingana yamusubije ko ibyo yabibwiwe kera na Gakwaya Nazaire, ngo icyo gihe yamubwiye ko niba agira ngo aramubeshya agende azabaze abitwa Gérvais, Gashugi Côme n’umuhungu we André na Ngendahayo Claudien. Agronome Kabatsi yavuze kandi ko resiponsabure wa Serire Cyimpundu na Rwimpiri bamuhamirije ko ibyo yabwiwe ari ukuri kandi ko bimaze igihe.

Nibwo bigeze ku wa 23 Ukuboza 1990 muri Serire Cyimpundu havuze induru ngo abaturage bose bafate agasambo kabibye, maze serire enye zose zihita zihurura. Akaruru kamaze kuvuga Abatutsi bose bahise bahungira muri Komini Gisuma ahitwa ku Cyimititi, ku irimbi. Inyandiko mvugo y’inama ikomeza ivuga ko Gakwaya Nazaire yabwiye mugenzi we Mwarimu Kanamugire Jean ati: “ntuzi ko twatewe? Bati Abahutu baratumara kandi barabiteguye”. Ibyo byose bikaba byarabaye ubuyobozi bwa Segiteri Nyamuhunga bubizi ariko ntihagira icyo bukora mu guhosha uwo mwuka mubi wari mu baturage. Nyuma yo kumva uko ikibazo gihagaze aho muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga no kubyita ibihuha, ntibyabujije ko Abatutsi bakomeza kwibasirwa muri iyo nama. Burugumesitiri yavuze

166 Inyandiko mvugo y’inama y’umutekano yo ku wa 21 Mutarama 1991, Karengera.

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ko hari abasore b’Abatutsi birirwa bazerera bajya muri Komini Gisuma, bakaba badahinga, bityo ko n’ibihuha byavuzwe haruguru batabiburamo. Abagarutsweho cyane ni abahungu ba Apollinaire ise wa Gaston wakoraga muri Komini Kirambo.

Havuzwe kandi ko mu burezi hari abarimu barangaza abana bigisha kubera ivanguramoko, ko abana b’Abahutu basigaye baba aba nyuma kubera kuzira ubwoko. Batanze urugero rw’ishuri rya Mwarimukazi Mukarutabana Thacienne, aho byavuzwe ko abana b’Abahutu abigisha nabi, ko yita gusa ku bana b’Abatutsi, nyuma mu rwego rwo kwikiza, abana b’Abahutu akabaha amanota y’ubusa maze umwana uvuye iwe yagera mu wa kabiri akadindira kubera ko nta cyo yamwigishije.

Abari mu nama bamaze kumva uko muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga ibibazo bihagaze, hafashwe umwanzuro ko ku wa 23 Mutarama 1991 Burugumesitiri azajya gukoresha inama abaturage b’i Nyamuhunga agasuzuma ukuri kw’ibivugwa, agasuzuma impamvu konseye nta raporo yigeze ashyikiriza ubutegetsi bwa komini ku bibazo biri muri segiteri ayobora, ahubwo burugumesitiri avuga ko yabimenye biturutse mu baturage basanzwe. Inyandikomvugo y’inama yashyikirijwe Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu iherekejwe n’ibaruwa No 102/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 04 Gashyantare 1991 iri ku mugereka Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera yandikiye Perefe.167

Ku wa 23 Mutarama 1991 Burugumesitiri Natete Fulgence yasuye Segiteri Nyamuhunga nk’uko byari byemejwe n’inama y’umutekano yavuzwe haruguru. Yabanje kugirana inama yihariye n’abakozi bahavuka nyuma akomereza mu nama y’abaturage muri rusange. Inama yabereye muri Serire Cyimpundu, itangira saa tatu n’iminota 44.

Aganira n’abakozi bavuka muri Nyamuhunga, Konseye nta cyo yigeze asobanura ku bibazo by’umutekano bishingiye ku moko biri muri segiteri ye. Agronome wa Komini Karengera Kabatsi Joseph ukomoka kandi akanatura muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga ni we wasobanuye uko umutekano wajemo agatotsi nk’uko yabisobanuye mu nama yo ku wa 21 Mutarama 1991. Yasobanuye

167 Ibaruwa No 102/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 04 Gashyantare 1991 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho inyandikomvugo y’akanama k’umutekano kaguye kateranye ku wa 21 Mutarama 1991

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kandi ko hari umwana witwa Kalisa Alphonse wari ufite butike wagiye kwaka ibyo kurya mu rugo iwabo, agarutse asanga bamwibye, bityo abaturage barahurura, bituma Abatutsi bamwe bahunga kubera umwuka mubi wari uhari, bajya kurara mu Gisuma ku irimbi ryo ku Cyimititi. Burugumesitiri abajije niba abantu barahunze koko, Resiponsabule wa Serire Cyimpundu Rutakamize Boniface yasubije ko nta muntu wo muri Serire ye wahunze uretse abo muri Serire Rwimpili ngo baraye hanze bakeka ko Inkotanyi zateye cyangwa abantu basubiranyemo. N’ubwo ibyo byose byabaye, igikuba kigacika muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga, nta mutegetsi wigeze akoresha inama ngo ahumurize abaturage cyangwa ngo amenyeshe inzego zo hejuru ibibazo by’umutekano muke ushingiye ku moko muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga.

Shyirambere Vénuste wari IPJ wa Komini Gisuma wari watumiwe muri iyo nama yabwiye abari mu nama ko ibyavuzwe nta ho bitabaye, ko byatangiriye muri Komini Gisuma aho akora, bukeye yumva ko byageze no muri Komini Karengera.

Burugumesitiri yashoje inama yamagana ivangura iryo ari ryo ryose rishingiye ku moko, asaba abantu kugira ubumwe nk’uko babitegekwa na MRND. Burugumesitiri yamaganye kandi ibintu byo kuvangura amoko bihwihwiswa mu mashuri muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga, yamagana abarimu bigisha ubwoko bumwe, kwimurira abana mu Gisuma no gutanga amanota y’ubusa umwana yagera hejuru akadindira. Burugumesitiri asaba kubikosora niba biriho koko. Burugumesitiri yamaganye kandi udutsiko tw’insoresore twirirwa tuzerera tuva muri Komini Karengera tujya muri Komini Gisuma. Asaba ababyeyi babo ko babahana kandi bakabaha imirimo yo gukora. Burugumesitiri yasabye kandi ko umukozi wese wumvise hari ibitagenda muri Segiteri yajya ahita abitangira raporo kuko umumilita wese ari ijisho rya Muvoma.

Inama yo mu muhezo irangiye Burugumesitiri yakoresheje inama rusange y’abaturage yatangiye i saa tanu. Yabasobanuriye ikibazo cy’umutekano muri Segiteri Nyamuhunga, abasobanurira uburyo yababajwe n’ibyo yise ibihuha byatumye abaturage bamwe bahunga ingo zabo bakajya kurara ku irimbi rya Cyimititi mu ijoro ryo ku wa 23 Ukuboza

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1990. Abaturage na bo bamenyesha Burugumesitiri ko kuva icyo gihe nta mutegetsi wari wigeze abahumuriza, maze abasubiza ko aribyo byamuzanye. Nyuma yo guha umwanya abaturage bakabaza ibibazo bifuza, akabaha ibisobanuro, Burugumesitiri yashoje inama asaba abaturage kwikuramo ibintu by’ivangura ry’amoko rirangwa muri Segiteri yabo. Inama yarangiye saa sita n’iminota 11.168

3.8 Gutoteza imiryango ifite abana b’abasore bavuga ko bajya mu Nkotanyi

Kuva mu 1992 hatangiye gukwirakwira ibibuha hirya no hino muri Cyangugu ko hari abasore b’Abatutsi bajya mu Nkotanyi. Ibyo byazanye umwuka mubi n’urwango, ibikorwa byo guhohotera Abatutsi biriyongera. Ni bwo imiryango myinshi yabaga ifite abana bigaga hanze ya Cyangugu cyane cyane muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo n’i Burundi yatangiye gutotezwa babashinja ko abana babo babohereje mu Nkotanyi. Muri Komini Gishoma Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome yatoteje bikomeye ababyeyi bafite abana bataba mu ngo, yemeza ko bagiye mu Nkotanyi, kandi ko bafatanyije n’abateye igihugu. Mu babashije kumenyakana batotejwe harimo Berikari na Mbarubukeye Aloys bo muri Rusayo, Niyibizi Théoneste, Nyabanyiginya Fidèle wigishaga ku Ntenyi i Mushaka, Mbanzabukeba w’i Mushaka, umuryango wa Kageruka Lambert, umuryango wa Bayingana Félix, Umuryango wa Gasarasi Aloys, Umuryango wa Kimonyo Antoine, Ngorofane Aloys n’abandi. Burugumesitiri yategetse ko abo babyeyi bagomba kujya bajya kwisobanura kuri komini buri cyumweru, bakagaragaza aho abana babo bagiye.

Muri Komini Gisuma Burugumesitiri Gakwaya yahoraga ahamagaza ababyeyi bafite abana bataba mu rugo bagera kuri komini bakajujubywa, bagatukwa, bakabwirwa ko ibyo bakora byose ingaruka ari bo zizageraho ku munota wa mbere. Muri bo harimo Nsabimenya Damascène wakubiswe azira ko afite umuvandimwe (murumuna we) bavugaga ko ashobora kuba

168 Ibaruwa No 140/04.04/1 yo ku wa 09 Gashyantare 1991 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho inyandikomvugo y’inama yo ku wa 23 Mutarama 1991

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yaragiye mu Nkotanyi. Mu miryango yatotejwe harimo kandi umuryango wa Muzungu Aloys, umuryango wa Busunzu Mathieu, umuryango wa Kampayana Vénant n’umuryango wa Gashugi Stanislas bose bari batuye muri Giheke. Hatotejwe kandi umuryango wa Mushongore wari utuye mu Nyagatare n’abandi.

Muri Komini Gafunzo hatotejwe umuryango wa Kayumba Callixte, umuryango wa Kanyamahanga Théodore, umuryango wa Kayitarama Epimaque, umuryango wa Kanyemera, umuryango wa Zahaza Azarias, umuryango wa Gashirabwoba Straton, umuryango wa Edouard n’abandi. Umucamanza witwa Nsengiyumva Emmanuel wari utuye i Mwito niwe wakoze urutonde rw’imiryango ifite abana bagiye hanze, akumvikanisha mu buyobozi ko iyo miryango ari ikibazo ku baturage, ko abana babo bagiye mu Nkotanyi.169

Muri Komini Kagano umuryango wa Bakwiyebose Thacien na Mukaleta Madélène baratotejwe cyane, barakubitwa, uwitwa Masengesho Sylvestre we aranafungwa. Hafunzwe kandi Désiré Bigiramana azira ko afite umuryango wabaga i Bugande, n’abandi.

Muri Komini Karengera umuryango wa Habakurama Claver waratotejwe cyane bawubeshyera ko bafite ibisasu n’umuhungu utaba mu rugo witwa Rwasibo Jean wari usanzwe yibera i Kamembe.

Muri Komini Kamembe hatotejwe bikabije umuryango wa Karerangabo Eugène. Uwo muryango wari ufite umwana ukunda kurwara cyane noneho bamurangira umuvuzi muri Kongo ahitwa Birava. Mu gihe Karerangabo Eugène yavaga kuvuza umwana we, abaturanyi n’ubuyobozi batangiye kumutoteza bavuga ko aba yagiye mu Nkotanyi, ko akusanya imisanzu azijyanira. Yaratotejwe cyane kugeza aho bashatse no kumwirukana mu bwarimu yari asanzwe akora.

Inkubiri yo gushimangira ko abana b’abasore bataba mu rugo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bagiye mu Nkotanyi yamamajwe kandi na Kangura, igitangazamakuru cyari kizwiho gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Nk’uko bigaragara

169 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MBABAZI Jean Paul mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 02 Ugushyingo 2017

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muri Kangura No 40 yo muri Gashyantare 1993, mu mutwe wavugaga ngo “Twagiramungu yamariye urubyiruko mu Nkotanyi”, icyo kinyamakuru cyasohoye urutonde ruriho abasore bagera kuri 123 bemeza ko bagiye mu Nkotanyi. Muri abo basore Kangura yavugaga ko harimo 102 bakomoka muri Komini Gisuma, 16 bakomoka muri Komini Cyimbogo na 5 bakomoka muri Komini Gafunzo.170 Ibyo ariko byari ibinyoma bigamije guhembera urwango hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi no kwerekana ko Umututsi yifatanyije koko n’Inkotanyi, bityo ko agomba kurwanywa. Inyandiko yo muri icyo kinyamakuru yavugaga ko abo Batutsi bagiye mu Nkotanyi ari bo bazaza bamarisha Abahutu amasasu. Ibyo byose ariko nta kuri byari bifite, kuko nta gihamya ubwanditsi bwagaragaje cyerekana koko ko abo basore bagiye mu Nkotanyi. 3.9 Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakozwe mu gihe cy’amashyaka menshi

Kuva mu 1991 ubwo hemerwaga amashyaka menshi mu Rwanda, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yahagurukanye umurava ukomeye, amashyaka ya MDR, CDR na MRND aramamara. Muri icyo gihe ishyaka rya MRND ryagize ibibazo byo gutakaza abarwanashyaka benshi cyane cyane muri Komini Gishoma, Cyimbogo, Karengera, Kagano, Kirambo na Gatare bayoboka MDR ya Twagiramungu Faustin. Ibyo byatumye ishyaka rya CDR ryiyemeje gukora ibyananiye MRND rihabwa umuyobozi wakomokaga i Cyangugu kugira ngo ahangane na MDR ya Twagiramungu na we wakomokaga i Cyangugu kubera ko yari imaze kwigarurira abarwanashyaka benshi ba MRND.

Muri rusange, Abanyacyangugu bari bafite amashyaka atatu akomeye yabarwaniriraga: MRND, MDR na CDR. MRND na CDR byakoreraga hamwe bihanganye na MDR. Imibanire y’ayo mashyaka yarimo amakimbirane no guhangana gukomeye hagati y’abayoboke bayo. Hari za mitingi nyinshi zagiye ziburizwamo, Interahamwe zifunga amayira, amabendera ararandurwa n’ibindi. Muri icyo gihe Interahamwe zakoraga ibyo zishakiye, zigahohotera abaturage nta we uzikoma imbere.

By’umwihariko, kugira abarwanashyaka benshi kwa MDR, ishyaka ritavugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi, byateye

170 Kangura, No 40, Gashyantare 1993, paji ya 12-14.

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ugushyamirana guhoraho n’ibikorwa by’urugomo hagati y’abarwanashyaka ba MDR na MRND. Muri icyo gihe ishyaka rya MDR ryaranzwe no gukoresha imyigaragambyo ya hato na hato bahanganye n’abarwanashyaka ba MRND na CDR ariko bigakurikirwa akenshi no guhohotera Abatutsi.

3.9.1 Muri Komini Kamembe na Gisuma Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Kagimbangabo André mu nyandikomvugo y’inama yagiranye na ba burugumesitiri na ba burigadiye ba komini ku wa 29 Gashyantare 1992, ba burigadiye batumijwe muri iyo nama kubera ko ari bo bashinzwe kuyobora abapolisi ba komini mu murimo wo gucunga neza umutekano, Perefe yagaragaje ko abaturage basigaye bitwaza amashyaka bagasuzugura ubutegetsi ndetse bakigabiza n’ibya rubanda ku ngufu. Yatanze urugero rwa Komini Kamembe na Komini Gisuma aho muri Komini Gisuma, abayoboke ba MDR bigabije igishanga cyahingwaga n’amashyirahamwe imyaka yari irimo barayirandura. Perefe yasobanuye kandi ko muri Komini Gisuma, hari abapolisi bane, percepteur na konseye wa Segiteri Ntura bagiye gusoresha, abayoboke ba MDR barabakubita ndetse bambura Burigadiye imbunda. Muri Komini Kamembe ho, Perefe yasobanuye ko hari ubwicanyi bumaze gufata intera yo hejuru aho abaturage basigaye bajya gukura infungwa muri kasho ya Komini kandi irinzwe n’abapolisi, bamwe mu bo bajyanye bakicwa. Ibyo byose bikaba bikorwa ku rwitwazo rw’amashyaka aho cyane cyane abayoboke ba MDR biyumvamo ko ari ndakorwaho. Inama yagaragaje muri rusange ko umutekano urimo kugenda uba mubi.171

Mu nama yo ku wa 12 Werurwe 1992, Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Kagimbangabo André yagiranye na ba superefe, ba burugumesitiri, abajyanama ba komini n’abakuru b’amashyaka hemejwe ko abahagarariye amashyaka bagomba kujya bafatanya n’inzego z’ubutegetsi gukangurira abayoboke babo kubumbatira umutekano, kandi ko iyo ngingo bajya bayivugaho mu nama zose bakora. Perefe anashishikariza abahagarariye amashyaka gukorana n’abategetsi batishishanya.172

171 Ibaruwa No 0347/04.09.01/16 yo ku wa 6 Werurwe 1992 Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu n’Amajyambere ya Komini, amugezaho inyandiko mvugo y’inama yagiranye na ba Burugumesitiri na ba Burigadiye ba za Komini.

172 Ibaruwa No 0543/04.09.01/16 yo ku wa 24 Werurwe 1992 Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu n’Amajyambere ya Komini, amugezaho inyandikomvugo y’inama yagiranye na ba superefe, ba burugumesitiri, abajyanama ba komini n’abakuru b’amashyaka.

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3.9.2 Muri Komini Cyimbogo na Gishoma

Komini Cyimbogo izwiho kuba ari ho umuyobozi wa CDR ku rwego rw’igihugu Bucyana Martin yakomokagamo. Ibyo byatumye igira abarwanashyaka benshi n’Impuzamugambi bagize uruhare mu gutoteza no kwica Abatutsi. Komini Cyimbogo yagiraga kandi abarwanashyaka ba MRND babaswe n’urwango barimo Somayire Célestin, Murengezi Cyprien n’abandi.

Komini Cyimbogo yahanaga imbibi na Komini Gishoma nayo yari izwiho kuba ari ho ishyaka rya MDR ryavukiye, ishyaka ryari riyobowe na Twagiramungu Faustin na we wakomokaga muri Komini Gishoma. Aho muri Gishoma, MDR yari ihafite abarwanashyaka benshi ugereranije na MRND yari ku butegetsi.

Muri Komini Gishoma na Cyimbogo, abarwanashyaka ba MRND na MDR bahoraga bahanganye, akenshi Abatutsi bakaharenganira. Urugero rwatangwa ni aho ku wa gatatu tariki 4 Ugushyingo 1992, muri Komini Gishoma Segiteri Nyenji habaye ugushyamirana gukomeye nyuma y’aho Ngendahimana wari umurwanashyaka wa MDR yatewe na Mahanga wari umurwanashyaka wa CDR afatanyije na Kaburindi wari umurwanashyaka wa MRND maze baramukubita, baramukomeretsa. Ngendahimana yahise ageza ikibazo cye kuri Nyaminani Jean wari umuyobozi wa MDR muri Segiteri Nyenji, akaba kandi yari Umututsi. Nyaminani Jean yahise yegera abakubise umurwanashyaka we, aho kumwumva na we bahita bamukubita, bamubwira ko nta cyo bavugana n’Umututsi. Urugomo rwakorewe Nyaminani Jean rwamuviriyemo gupfa nyuma y’iminsi ibiri gusa.173

Mbere y’uko yitaba Imana, raporo y’ishyirahamwe rirengera uburenganzira bwa muntu (ADL)174 isobanura ko Nyaminani Jean amaze gukubitwa yahise ajya kubwira abanyamuryango ba MDR bo muri Segiteri Kiranga urugomo yakorewe. Abanyamuryango ba MDR bahise bishyira hamwe maze bagaba igitero ku barwanashyaka ba MRND na CDR. Kubera ubukana abarwanashyaka ba MDR bazanye, abarwanashyaka ba MRND

173 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIYAREMYE Emmanuel mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 17 Ukwakira 2017174 Association pour la Défense des Droits de la Personne et des Libertés Publiques (ADL)

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na CDR bahise bahunga. Bamaze guhunga, Abarwanashyaka ba MDR bahise basenya amazu y’abarwanashyaka ba MRND agera kuri 11 banasahura boutiques z’ubucuruzi zigera kuri 2. Mu mazu yasenywe harimo inzu ya Mpakaniye Théobard wari Konseye, Hategekimana Faustin, Munyandamutsa Jacques, Mukakariza Ernest (yatwikiwe inzu na Boutique ye irasahurwa), Ntahobavukiye David, Kanyesoko Wellars, Kanyarwanda Aphrodis, Ngaboyisonga Jean Marie Vianney, Muganga Viateur, Shengero Silas na Nzamwita Claver.175

Ku wa kane tariki 5 Ugushyingo 1992, abajandarume babyutse bajya gushaka abakoze imyigaragambyo n’abasahuye bari bagizwe n’abarwanashyaka ba MDR, abafashwe barakubitwa bikomeye, abandi bajya gufungwa. Ibyo byatumye Perefe asura abaturage ba Segiteri Nyenji abakoresha inama, abasaba kutongera gusubiranamo, abashishikariza kwirindira umutekano.176

Raporo ya ADL isobanura ko ku wa gatanu tariki ya 6 Ugushyingo 1992, abarwanashyaka ba MDR babyukiye mu myigaragambyo bafunga umuhanda wa kaburimbo basaba ko abantu babo bafunzwe barekurwa. Abarwanashyaka ba MRND bo bakomeje imyigaragambyo muri Segiteri Nyenji. Ninjoro mu gihe bari ku irondo, abarwanashyaka ba MRND bitwaje imipanga bateye abarwanashyaka ba MDR barwana na bo barabakomeretsa. Maniraruta Venant na Segatorano Sylver bakomerekeje Nsengimana Sylvestre, Majoro mwene Kamwesi akomeretsa Sebakungu. Abarwanashyaka ba MRND bakomerekeje aba MDR bahise bafatwa bajya gufungwa, ariko bukeye bahita bafungurwa na Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome wari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND.177

Ku wa 7 Ugushyingo 1992, abajandarume bagarutse kureba ibyabaye. Bahageze bagiye gufunga Kanyarwanda Aphrodis na Munyurugamba Célestin bari abarwanashyaka ba MRND. Bahise bajya gufunga abarwanashyaka ba MDR barenga 20.178

175 ADL, Rapport sur les Droits de l’Homme au Rwanda : Octobre 1992- Octobre 1993, Kigali, 1993: Rapport de la mission effectuée en préfecture de Cyangugu du 11 au 15 Novembre 1992, Kigali, 20/11/1992, p.217-232.

176 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Almas Géorge Daniel mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017.177 ADL, Rapport sur les Droits de l’Homme au Rwanda : Octobre 1992- Octobre 1993, Kigali, 1993, Rapport

de la mission effectuée en préfecture de Cyangugu du 11 au 15 Novembre 1992, Kigali, 20/11/1992, p.217-232.

178 ADL, op. cit., p.217-232.

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Komini Gishoma na Cyimbogo yari ifite kandi abarwanashyaka ba PL biganjemo cyane cyane Abatutsi. Kuba ishyaka rya PL ryari ryiganjemo Abatutsi benshi byateye uburakari abo mu yandi mashyaka kugera hashyizwe mu bikorwa umugambi wo guhohotera Abatutsi bazira gusa ko badahuje ishyaka nk’uko Karuga Jean abisobanura:

Iwacu muri Komini Cyimbogo na Gishoma hari hasanzwe hari inkubiri y’amashyaka mu buryo bukarishye. MDR na CDR byari bimaze kwigarurira abarwanashyaka benshi. Abatutsi bo ariko ntibayijanditsemo ahubwo twagiye cyane mu ishyaka rya PL, na twe turishyuha mo rigira ingufu cyane, noneho bituma abandi barakara. Ndibuka umunsi twagize mitingi i Cyangugu kuri Stade mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga 1992, ni bwo babonye ingano n’ubwinshi bwacu. Gusa nibuka neza ko icyo gihe turi kujya muri mitingi kuri Stade twakodesheje imodoka ya Daihatsu, duhagurukira i Mibirizi tugeze mu Karangiro dusanga baduteze, baduteragura amabuye banga ko dutambuka turakata turagaruka. Ababashije kujya muri iyo mitingi ni abagiye n’amaguru. Ibyo byatumye ba konseye bahora batugenzura, bareba imbaraga zacu. Ibyo byatumye na Bandetse Edouard wari umucuruzi afungura akabari i Mibirizi kugira ngo Abatutsi bakomeye bajye baza muri ako kabari bityo babashe gukurikirana ibiganiro byabo. Kubera ko Sinayobye Casmir yari asanzwe ahafite akabari kamenyerewe, hahise habaho akabari k’Abatutsi n’ak’Abahutu. Abahutu bajyaga kwa Bandetse naho Abatutsi bakajya kwa Sinayobye Casmir, ubwo amacakubiri arushaho kwiyongera, tugaterana amagambo, ariko uko byamera kose nta Mututsi washobora kuyoba ngo ajye mu kabari ka Bandetse.179

Komini Gishoma na Komini Cyimbogo yaranzwe kandi no guhohotera Abatutsi mu buryo bukomeye nyuma y’urupfu rwa Bucyana Martin wari Perezida w’ishyaka rya CDR. Kuva muri Gashyantare 1994 Impuzamugambi za CDR zahize Abatutsi

179 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KARUGA Jean ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali ku wa 05 Ukuboza 2017

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muri Cyimbogo na Gishoma, babashinja ko umuyobozi wabo yishwe na bene wabo b’Abatutsi. Ibyo byatumye Abatutsi benshi bameneshwa, imitungo irasahurwa, amazu aratwikwa, bata ibyabo bahungira kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu. Kuva ubwo kugera Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ishyirwa mu bikorwa, nta Mututsi wongeye kugira amahoro muri Komini Cyimbogo na Gishoma.

3.9.3 Muri Komini Nyakabuye na Bugarama

Komini Nyakabuye na Bugarama zagaragayemo cyane ibikorwa byo guhohotera Abatutsi bishamikiye ku gushyamirana kw’amashyaka hagati ya MDR na MRND. Raporo ya ADL isobanura ko ku wa 11 Ukwakira 1992 Yusufu Munyakazi yayoboye mitingi ya MRND yabereye i Gikundamvura. Nyuma y’iyo mitingi habaye ugushyamirana gukomeye hagati y’abarwanashyaka ba MRND na MDR, hakomereka abantu 12 barimo Nitirehe Stanislas wakomeretse bikomeye. Iyo myigarambyo yatumye abarwanashyaka ba MDR nabo bakora imyigaragambyo ikomeye, bateza umutekano muke mu Bugarama kugera bafunze umuhanda. Ibyo byatumye ku wa 12 Ukwakira 1992 Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel ajya mu Bugarama kureba uko bimeze, ahava yijeje abarwanashyaka ba MDR ko Munyakazi Yusufu agomba guhanwa. Uwo munsi Munyakazi Yusufu ntiyagaragaye kuko yari yahungishijwe n’abajandarume. Mu rwego rwo kwiyerurutsa nk’uko Perefe yari yijeje abarwanashyaka ba MDR, Munyakazi Yusufu yagiye gufungwa ariko nyuma y’umunsi umwe gusa ahita arekurwa. Abarwanashyaka ba MDR bumvise ko Munyakazi yarekuwe bahise bongera kwigaragambya bikomeye, bituma Munyakazi Yusufu yongera gufungwa ku wa 14 Ukwakira 1992. Abarwanashyaka ba MRND na bo babonye ko Munyakazi Yusufu arimo gufungwa ubutitsa, bahise bakora imyigaragambyo ikomeye cyane, na bo bafunga umuhanda, bituma Munyakazi Yusufu afungurwa ku wa 17 Ukwakira 1992. Uko guhangana kw’abarwanashyaka ba MDR na MRND kwateye imfu za hato na hato muri Komini Bugarama na Nyakabuye. Ni bwo hadutse inkubiri yo kwica abantu babashinja ko ari abarozi kandi mu by’ukuri nta bimenyetso bihamya ko ari abarozi koko, uretse ko n’iyo baba abarozi nta tegeko ryari rihari rivuga ko umurozi agomba kwicwa adashyikirijwe inzego z’ubutabera ngo

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aburanishwe ku cyaha ashinjwa. Mu gihe cy’ukwezi kumwe gusa k’Ukwakira 1992, hishwe abantu bagera kuri 6 mu masegiteri atandukanye ya Komini Nyakabuye:

- Muri Segiteri Kigurwe hishwe Madamu Mukaruranga Donatille na Kanziga;

- Muri Segiteri Muhanga Kanyeperu yishwe avuye ku isoko;- Muri Segiteri Nyamubembe hishwe Nziguheba

bamushinja kuroga mwishya we Rutarengwa Philbert;- Muri Segiteri Runyanzovu hishwe Madamu Mukaruziga ku wa

31 Ukwakira 1992, Segushimwa yicwa ku wa 6 Ukwakira.180

Mu rwego rwo guhagararika ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga inzirakarengane bababeshyera ko ari abarozi, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye Nsengumuremyi Diogène na Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Bugumya Nsengimana Etienne bakoresheje inama abaturage basaba ko byahagarara. Inama yabereye i Runyanzovu ku cyumweru tariki ya 8 Ugushyingo 1992. Inama igiye guhumuza hari abantu 5 baturutse muri Segiteri ya Kaboza barimo umuserire witwa Mazimpaka Joseph, babwira abayobozi ko bahunze kandi ko inzu zabo zamaze gutwikwa n’abarwanashyaka ba MDR. Muri icyo gihe kandi abarwanashyaka ba MDR bo muri Segiteri ya Muhanga na bo bari mu myigaragambyo kubera umurwanashyaka wabo Nzisabira Athanase wari wakomerekejwe na Sibomana Ildéphonse wari umurwanashyaka wa MRND.181

Burugumesitiri na Superefe hamwe n’abapolisi babiri bahise bajya muri Segiteri Kaboza i Mubuga kureba uko byagenze. Bageze muri Santeri ya Mubuga abarwanashyaka ba MDR bashatse kubamerera nabi maze Superefe aha uburenganzira umupolisi bwo kubarasa, abantu batatu bahasiga ubuzima. Abishwe ni:

- Nzeyimana Fidèle wari umwanditsi wa MDR muri Segiteri Kaboza, Serire Kingwa;

- Nahondereye Denis wari ukuriye urubyiruko rwa MDR muri Serire Kabucoko, Segiteri Kaboza;

- Shikama Fabien wari umu jideri akomoka muri Serire Mugenge, Segiteri Kaboza.182

180 ADL, op. cit., p.217-232 181 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Almas George Daniel mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017.182 ADL, op. cit., p.217-232

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Abarwanashaka ba MDR babonye amasasu abaye menshi bahise bakwira imishwaro barahunga. Burugumesitiri, Superefe n’abapolisi na bo bahita bigendera. Abayobozi bamaze kugenda abarwanashyaka ba MDR bakoze ibikorwa byo guhorera abantu babo bishwe, batwika inzu nyinshi z’abarwanashayaka ba MRND, abenshi bahungira kuri Komini barimo Ngirabagenzi Déo, Ndorunyurwe Antoine, Simbashira Evariste, Ntibaziyaremye Charles, Ntamarerero Domitien, Ruhashyubugera Charles, Mbarushimana Théobard, Murangwabugabo Modeste, Ntibashishira Jean n’abandi. Hari kandi abahungiye kuri Paruwasi barimo Rwakayiro Ignace, Urimubenshi Nestor, Rubashingomba Evariste, Nsengiyumva Bosco, Ntitsindwa Jean, Uzabakiriho Désiré, Shyirambere Innocent, Mpakaniye Fabien, Ndayisaba Jean Pierre, Rwanzegushira Augustin, Rwabukwisi Alexis, Mazimpaka Joseph, Hakizumwami Evariste, Nyiraruhanga Bernadette, Kambibi Marie Thèrese, Nyirabyago Alphonsine, Sibomana Ildephonse, Kayijuka Joseph n’abandi.183

Bimaze kugaragara ko umutekano wabaye mubi cyane muri Segiteri Kaboza, abajandarume baratabaye, bahagera ku wa 8 Ugushyingo 1992 ahagana i saa tanu z’ijoro (23h). Mu gitondo cyo ku wa mbere tariki ya 9 Ugushyingo 1992 abagize inama y’umutekano ya Perefegitura bayobowe na Superefe Munyangabe Théodore na bo bahise bahagera bari kumwe na Padiri Gatarayiha Gaëtan. Bahageze bahumurije abaturage, Superefe ababwira ko na Perefe ubwe azaza kubasura ku wa gatatu tariki ya 11 Ugushyingo 1992. Perefe ahageze yasabye ko hajyaho komite y’abantu batatu muri buri serire bo muri MDR na MRND, bagafatanya mu kugarura umutekano muri Segiteri no gukangurira abahunze kugaruka mu byabo. Muri iyo nama kandi abarwanashayaka ba MDR bifuje ko abishwe bahabwa ubutabera, basaba ko Burugumesitiri, Superefe n’abapolisi bahanwa kubera ko ari bo babishe. Abarwanashyaka ba MRND bo basaba ko amazu yabo yatwitswe yasanwa, ibyangijwe bikishyurwa kandi ababikoze bagahanwa.184 Ikibabaje ni uko nta cyigeze gikorwa ku bwicanyi n’ibikorwa by’urugomo byabaye ngo ababyitabiriye bahanwe. Uwo muco wo kudahana no gushyigikira ikibi ni wo washimangiraga isubiracyaha rya hato na hato.

183 ADL, op. cit., p.217-232

184 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Almas George Daniel mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017.

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3.9.4 Muri Komini Gafunzo

Kuva amashyaka menshi amaze kwemerwa mu Rwanda, abaturage bo muri Komini Gafunzo bitabiriye cyane cyane amashyaka ya MRND na MDR. Ayo mashyaka yari yuzuyemo ingengabitekezo ya Jenoside nk’uko bigaragara mu ibaruwa No 0712/04.09.01 yo ku wa 29 Kanama 1991 Burugumesitiri yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amumenyesha ko abamamaza MDR basobanura ko ari ishyaka ry’Abahutu.185 Kuva ubwo hirya no hino muri Komini Gafunzo hagaragaye ibikorwa by’urugomo bikozwe n’abarwanashyaka ba MDR. Dore zimwe mu ngero z’ibyabaye:

Mu Ukwakira 1991, uwitwa Mugambira Gabriel wo mu Murenge wa Nyabitekeri yitwaje kuba umurwanashyaka wa MDR, yakubise umusaza witwa Muzindutsi Evariste amuziza ko yanze ikarita ya MDR. Hari kandi Mwarimu Ndaribumbye Fidèle na Mwarimu Ntakirutimana Faustin bitwaje kuba abarwanashyaka ba MDR bakubita Mwarimu Habakurama Léopord wari umuyobozi wa MRND muri Segiteri Bugeza bamuziza gusa ko badahuje ishyaka.186

Nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibaruwa yo ku wa 2 Mutarama 1993 Konseye wa Segiteri Bunyangurube yandikiye Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gafunzo, iyo ku wa 6 n’iyo ku wa 8 Mutarama 1993 Konseye wa Segiteri Mukoma yandikiye Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gafunzo, byagaragajwe ko MDR ifite ibikorwa byo kubohoza abarwanashyaka ba MRND, bakabahohotera bikomeye, bakagerekaho no kubaca amafaranga. Ibyo byashimangiwe na raporo y’umutekano y’ukwezi kwa Mutarama 1993, aho Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gafunzo Karorero Charles yamenyesheje Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ko muri Segiteri Mukoma, abayoboke b’ishyaka rya MDR baturutse mu masegiteri yose bagabye ibitero ninjoro no ku manywa, birara mu baturage babaca amafaranga, ndetse bamwe bayabuze barakubitwa. Ngo abo bantu bari bafite ubutumwa bahawe n’inzego zo hejuru z’ishyaka ryabo bwo kubohoza Komini Gafunzo ku ngufu bitarenga ukwezi kwa Mutarama 1993 no

185 Ibaruwa No 0712/04.09.01 yo ku wa 29 Kanama 1991 Burugumsitiri wa Komini Gafunzo yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho raporo ku byerekeye Politiki

186 Ibaruwa No 0834/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 07 Ukwakira 1991 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gafunzo yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho raporo y’umutekano

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kurandura amaberendera ya MRND na CDR. Burugumesitiri asobanura kandi ko bakubise umurwanashyaka wa MRND witwa Karangwa Charles wo muri Mukoma. N’ubwo Burugumesitiri yabimenyesheje Visi Perezida wa MDR muri Perefegitura Serubyogo Zacharie, ubugizi bwa nabi bwarakomeje, abaturage bakomeza guhohoterwa.187

3.9.5 Muri Komini Kagano, Kirambo na Gatare

Nyuma ya mitingi ya MRND yabereye muri Komini Kirambo ku wa 24 Gicurasi 1992, habaye ibikorwa byinshi by’ubugizi bwa nabi muri Komini Kagano, Kirambo na Gatare. Kutoroherana hagati y’abarwanashyaka ba MDR na MRND yari ku butegetsi byateye imvururu za hato na hato, abantu barakubitwa, baricwa, barakomeretswa, amazu aratwikwa andi arasenywa, abantu birukanwa mu byabo, abategetsi n’abaturage barahohoterwa ngo ni ukubabohoza, gerenade ziraterwa n’ibindi. Dore zimwe mu ngero z’ibyabaye: Nk’uko bisobanurwa na ADL, ku wa 11 Ugushyingo 1992, muri Segiteri Nyakabingo mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano, Ibendera rya MRND ryatwawe n’abarwanashyaka ba MDR bo muri Segiteri Bushekeli. Bimaze kumenyekana, abarwanashyaka ba MRND bahise bajya gutabaza abajandarume bari mu Kirambo. Abajandarume bahise batabara, bageze muri Bushekeli batwara abantu batatu barimo Ndabangutse Vénérand na Nsabimana Pierre. Aho kujya kubafungira kuri Komini yabo ya Kagano babajyanye kuri Komini Kirambo. Nsabimana Pierre yahise araswa amasasu ane na Kaporali w’umujandarume witwaga Nsengiyumva wakoreraga aho mu Kirambo, aramukomeretsa bikomeye ariko ku bw’amahirwe ntiyahita avamo umwuka ajyanwa ku bitaro i Kibogora. Urugomo rwakorewe Nsabimana Pierre rwateye agahinda n’umubabaro abarwanashyaka ba MDR maze bakora imyigaragambyo idahagarara.188

Bukeye ku wa 12 Ugushyingo 1992, abarwanashyaka ba MDR bo muri Komini Kagano bahise bajya gukorera imyigaragambyo kuri Komini Kirambo basaba ko abantu babo bahafungiwe barekurwa. Imyigaragambyo yabo yaranzwe kandi

187 Ibaruwa No 0065/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 8 Gashyantare 1993 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gafunzo Karorero Charles yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, amugezaho raporo y’umutekano ukwezi kwa Mutarama 1993

188 ADL, op. cit., p.217-232

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no kwamagana abajandarume bari mu Kirambo babashinja guhohotera abaturage, bityo ko batabashaka. 189

Raporo ya ADL isobanura ko mu gihe abarwanashyaka ba MDR batahaga bavuye mu myigaragambyo mu Kirambo baguye na none mu gico cy’abarwanashyaka ba MRND bari babateze, bayobowe na Kabucye Jean de Dieu wari umucungamutungo wa Komini Kirambo ariko akomoka muri Komini Kagano, ari kumwe na Perezida w’Interahamwe muri Komini Kagano witwaga Mutangana. Nyuma yo kubagwamo bahise barwana, bamwe barakomereka. Nyuma yo gushyamirana buri shyaka ryajyanye abakomeretse kwa muganga mu bitaro bya Kibogora harimo Havuga Laurent wakomokaga muri Segiteri Kagano, Serire Gako, yari umurwanashyaka wa MRND, Ndabangutse Vénérand wakomokaga muri Segiteri Nyakabingo, yari umurwanashyaka wa MDR, Tabaro Daniel wakomokaga muri Segiteri Kagano, Serire Kagano, yari umurwanashyaka wa MDR, Ntabeza Daniel wakomokaga muri Segiteri Kagano, Serire Kagano, yari umurwanashyaka wa MDR na Mutabazi Gratien wakomokaga muri Segiteri Kagano, Serire Kagano, yari umurwanashyaka wa MDR n’abandi.190

Abarwanashyaka ba MDR bavuye ku bitaro bya Kibogora ahagana saa kumi n’imwe za mu gitondo batangiriwe na none n’abajandarume bafatanyije n’abarwanashyaka na MRND, barongera barashyamirana. Ibyo byababaje cyane abarwanashyaka ba MDR bituma bakomereza imyigaragambyo kuri Superefegitura ya Rwesero ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 1992 aho bavugaga ko batiyumvisha uburyo mugenzi wabo Nsabimana Pierre yaraswa ntihagire igikorwa. Imyigarambyo yakomereje kuri Komini Kagano, abarwanashaka ba MDR banga Burugumesitiri wa Komini Sewabeza Jean Pierre bamushinja ko atagishoboye kubungabunga umutekano w’abaturage, maze bahita birara no mu Batutsi nk’uko bisobanurwa na Bagirishya Jean Marie Vianney:

Habaye imyigaragambyo ikomeye yo gukuraho Burugu-mesitiri wa Komini Kagano Sewabeza Jean Pierre. Abarwanashyaka ba MDR bo muri Komini Kagano,

189 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HAKIBA Jonathan mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017190 ADL, op. cit., p.217-232

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Kirambo, na Gatare, Gafunzo na Karengera babyukiye kuri Komini Kagano bavuga ko baje kubohoza Burugumesitiri Sewabeza Jean Pierre. Muri uko kwanga Burugumesitiri bahise birara mu Batutsi bari batuye ku Ishara, ubu ni mu Kagali ka Shara, kuko kari agasozi gatuwe n’Abatutsi gusa, barabakubita barabanoza, bahita batwara n’amatungo yabo.191

Muri Komini Gatare ho abarwanashyaka ba MDR bahoraga batema ibiti bagafunga imihanda kugera naho bateguye umugambi wo gutera Burugumesitiri Gatabazi Emmanuel aho yari atuye i Macuba bagerageza gutwika imodoka ye ariko ntibyabakundira. Kimwe no muri Komini Kagano na Kirambo, imyigaragambyo muri Komini Gatare yaranzwe kandi no gusenya ibikorwa bitandukanye birimo gutwika inzu, guca amateme n’impompo z’amazi n’ibindi.192

Imyigaragambyo imaze gufata intera yo hejuru, byatumye Kaporali w’umujandarume Nsengiyumva warashe Nsabimana Pierre afatwa, afungwa ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 1992, hagamijwe kureba ko imyigarambyo yahagarara. Burugumesitiri Sewabeza Jean Pierre na we yakuwe ku mwanya wa Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kagano, asimburwa na Kamana Aloys wari umurwanashyaka wa MDR. Gatabazi Emmanuel wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gatare na we yakuwe kuri uwo mwanya asimburwa na Rugwizangoga Fabien wari umurwanashyaka wa MDR.193

Imyigaragambyo yahuriranye kandi n’itegwa n’iturika ry’ibisasu bya mines hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Abategetsi bariho bemeza ko birimo gutegwa n’ibyitso by’Inkotanyi bavugaga ko ari Abatutsi maze batangira kubahohotera no kubarira inka.

191 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAGIRISHYA JMV mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2017192 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya GATANA Athanase mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2017.

193 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAGIRISHYA JMV mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2017

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3.10 Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi babeshyerwa gutega ibisasu bya mines mu bice bitandukanye bya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kuva mu 1992

Kuva mu 1992, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yaranzwe no guhohotera Abatutsi bababeshyera ko ari bo batega ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa Mines, byagiye biturikira hirya no hino. Uko haturikaga igisasu, habaga habonetse umwanya mwiza wo gutambutsa inyigisho z’urwango no guhohotera Abatutsi, imitungo yabo igasahurwa nta nkurikizi.

3.10.1 Muri Komini Gafunzo

Kuva mu Ugushyingo 1992, mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo hasakaye amakuru ko hari abantu bafite igisasu cyo mu bwoko bwa mine mu yahoze ari Segiteri Bugeza. Konseye wa Segiteri Bugeza Sibomana Pascal afatanyije na Kanyamukenke Evariste na Ntakirutimana Faustin bari abarwanashyaka ba MDR bakoze umukwabo wo guhiga no gufata abakekwaho kuzigira. Nta wundi bahitaga bakeka uretse Umututsi. Ikibi cyose cyitirirwaga Abatutsi. Ni bwo bafashe Rwigemera Alfred na Kabahizi Callixte babajyana ahitwa mu Kagarama barabakubita hafi no kubakuramo umwuka. Amakuru yahise agera kuri Perefegitura ko muri Bugeza hari abantu bafite ibisasu byo mu bwoko bwa Mines. Akimara kubona ayo makuru, Lt Imanishimwe Samwel na Bikorimana bagiye kureba uko bimeze, bahageze basanga abantu babanogeje hafi no kubakuramo umwuka, bahita babapakira mu modoka berekeza kuri Komini Gafunzo, ariko bashiramo umwuka bakiri mu nzira. Bageze kuri Komini bahasanga abaturage benshi baturutse ahitwa ku Ntango bayobowe na Konseye Sibomana Pascal, banogeje umugambi wo kwemeza ko Abatutsi ari bo bazanye ibyo bisasu. Ibyo byatumye hafungwa Abatutsi barimo Kanyenzi Patrice, Ntamunoza Thacien mwene Kabahizi, Kayiranga Damascène, Mukakarinda Odette na musaza we Murera Aphrodis194 bavuga ko ari bo bazanye icyo gisasu cya mine. Imirambo ya ba bantu bishwe yo bayihaye bene wabo babashyingura mu irimbi i Shangi.195

194 Mukakarinda Odethe na musaza we Murera Aphrodis bari bene Gafuku François wari utuye ku Rwesero i Butambara mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano.195 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KABAHIZI Denis mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 2017

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Mukakarinda Odette na musaza we Murera Aphrodis hamwe na Kanyenzi Patrice na Ntamunoza Thacien baketsweho kuba ari bo bazanye icyo gisasu bahise bajya gufungirwa i Cyangugu, kuri jandarumori. Ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 1992, indege yahise ibapakira, bajya gufungirwa i Kigali, bagenda barinzwe n’abasirikari 2: Safari na Rujyabanzi Fabien. Kanyenzi Patrice yasobanuye muri ubu bushakashatsi ko bari mu ndege icyo gisasu cyo mu bwoko bwa Mine bakiberetse koko, ariko bakayoberwa aho cyaturutse. Bageze i Kigali banyujijwe muri Etat Major basabwa kwisobanura, nyuma bahava bajya muri Criminologie aho bakorewe iyicarubozo rikabije kugira ngo bavuge aho ibyo bisasu bya mines biva. Ku bw’amahirwe, Kanyenzi Patrice na Ntamunoza Thacien barafunguwe basubira i Cyangugu ariko basabwa kujya bitaba kuri Komini buri wa Gatanu. Mukakarinda Odette na Murera Aphrodis bakomeje gufungwa ariko na bo ku bw’amahirwe baza gufungurwa.196

3.10.2 Muri Komini Kirambo

Muri Komini Kirambo hari igisasu cyo mu bwoko bwa mine cyaturikiye mu isoko rya Kirambo i Nyamasheke ikomeretsa abantu benshi barimo Nikuze, Nyirabahizi, odette n’abandi. Icyo gisasu kimaze guturika, hari umusore witwa Rutagengwa Alexandre murumuna wa Paul Mupipi wari wakoresheje ubukwe, maze Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kirambo Mayira Mathias abwira abaturage ko icyo gisasu ari we wagiteze kugira ngo giturikane Abahutu kuko Abatutsi bene wabo bo bibereye mu bukwe bwe. Ubutumwa bwatanzwe na burugumesitiri bwarushijeho kubiba urwango hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Ku bw’amahirwe ariko nta wafashwe ngo afungwe kuko abateze icyo gisasu batamenyekanye. 197

3.10.3 Muri Komini Kagano

Muri Kanama 1992, hari igisasu cyo mu bwoko bwa Mine cyatezwe muri Kamiranzovu mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano, hirya gato ya Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, mu muhanda uhuza Nyamasheke na Kibuye. Icyo gisasu cyahise giturikana imodoka yari itwaye Padiri Gakwerere Silas wakomokaga i Kamasera mu

196 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANYENZI Patrice mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 2017197 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SAFARI Alexis mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017

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Butambara ho muri Nyamasheke, akaba yari Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi Gatolika ya Hanika, mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare. N’ubwo icyo gisasu cyaturikanye padiri, abayobozi bakwije ikinyoma ko abagiteze bashakaga ko giturikana imodoka nini ya Bus yari itwaye abagenzi ibavanye ku Kibuye ibajyane i Kamembe i Cyangugu. Icyo gisasu cyazamuye urwikekwe no kwishishanya, abayobozi ba gisivile na gisikare bashimangira ko cyatezwe n’Abatutsi, bityo umwuka mubi n’urwango birushaho kwiyongera mu baturage. 198

Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 13 rishyira ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 1992, ikindi gisasu cyaturikiye hafi y’urugo rwa Songa Innocent wari utuye muri Segiteri Nyamasheke hafi y’ibiro bya Komini Kagano. Songa Innocent yari Umututsi watotejwe kuva mu 1973 ubwo yirukanwaga mu kazi k’ubwarimu, mu 1990 afungwa mu byitso n’ibindi. Nyuma yo kumva rero ko hari urusaku rw’igisasu rwavugiye hafi y’urugo rwe, inkuru yahise ikwira muri Kagano yose ko icyo gisasu cyatezwe n’umuryango wa Songa Innocent kugira ngo bamare Abahutu. Ibyo byatumye insoresore zibyuka zijya gushakisha Songa Innocent. Kubera ubwoba, umuryango we n’abandi Batutsi bari baturanye bahise bahungira kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, bakirwa na Padiri Ngendahayo Gérard. Icyo gihe habaye imvururu zikomeye zaranzwe cyane cyane no gusahura no kurya inka z’Abatutsi, dore ko umuryango wa Songa n’abamwegereye bari bamaze guta ibyabo. Songa yahise afatwa ajya gufungirwa muri Gereza ya Cyangugu.199

Bagirishya Jean Marie Vianney akomeza asobanura ko bimaze kumenyekana ko Abatutsi bahungiye kwa Padiri, ibitero bigizwe n’abaturage biganjemo insoresore zitwaje amahiri, nta mpongano, imipanga n’ibindi zatangiye kubasanga mu gikari cyo kwa Padiri bashaka kubica. Padiri Ngendahayo Gérard na Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald bagerageza kubumvisha ko nta muntu n’umwe wemerewe kubinjirira mu gikari, kubera uburyo idini Gatolika yari yubashywe basubirayo. Padiri Ngendahayo Gérard amaze kubona ko umutekano utameze neza, ko ibintu birimo kugenda bikomera, yabwiye impunzi ko uwashobora guhunga yahunga. Ni bwo na we yahise afata umwanzuro wo

198 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAGIRISHYA JMV mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2017 199 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAGIRISHYA JMV mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2017

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guhungisha abantu bamwe barimo umukobwa wa Songa Innocent witwa Songa Claudine na musaza we. Padiri yahise abajyana i Burundi, abasigayo aragaruka. Bwarakeye n’ubundi abaturage bagaruka gutera za mpunzi kuri Paruwasi, abapadiri barabakumira ariko umutekano ugenda urushaho kuba mubi.

3.11 Ibibazo by’urugomo n’ubugizi bwa nabi muri Supere- fegitura ya Rwesero byahagurukije abayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu

Bimaze kugaragara ko ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubugizi bwa nabi bimaze gukwira hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Minisitiri w’Intebe Nsengiyaremye Dismas yasuye Superefegitura ya Rwesero ku wa 24 Kanama 1992. Muri ako karere, Minisitiri w’Intebe yayoboye inama y’umutekano yabereye kuri Komini Kirambo. Iyo nama yarimo Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu n’Amajyambere ya Komini, Minisitiri w’Amaposita no Gutumanaho, Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ba depite, ba superefe, ba burugumesitiri bose, abagize inama y’umutekano muri Perefegitura na Superefegitura ya Rwesero hamwe n’abahagarariye amashyaka muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandikomvugo y’iyo nama, muri Superefegitura ya Rwesero inama yasanze imbarutso y’ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubugizi bwa nabi bimaze kuhashinga imizi yaravuye ku makimbirane yabaye hagati y’abayoboke ba MRND na MDR nyuma ya mitingi ya MRND yabereye muri Komini Kirambo ku wa 24 Gicurasi 1992. Kuva ubwo ibikorwa by’ubugizi bwa nabi byagaragaye ari byinshi: abantu barakubiswe, barakomeretswa abandi baricwa, inzu ziratwikwa, amateme arasenywa, amashyamba aratwikwa, abantu birukanwa mu byabo, abategetsi birukanwa mu biro ngo ni ukubohoza, gerenade ziterwa hirya no hino n’ibindi. Inama yasanze ibyo bikorwa bikomoka ahanini mu kutoroherana no kutubahana kw’abanyamashyaka. Perefe asobanura ko ubutegetsi bukora ibishoboka byose kugira ngo umutekano n’amahoro bigaruke (gukoresha inama, guhana abanyabyaha n’ibindi). Minisitiri w’Intebe amaze kumva ibyakozwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Perefegitura, yasabye abanyamashyaka kujya inama kugira ngo ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi bicike.

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Inama y’umutekano irangiye Minisitiri w’Intebe yabonanye kandi n’abaturage ba Superefegitura ya Rwesero. Mu ijambo yabagejejeho, yagarutse ku bikorwa by’urugomo n’ubugizi bwa nabi byakunze kuranga ako karere bikomotse ahanini ku bushyamirane no kutoroherana kw’abayoboke b’amashyaka ya politiki. Minisitiri w’Intebe yamaganye ku mugaragaro ibyo bikorwa bibi maze asaba abaturage bose kumvikana no gufatanya gutahura abagome babihishemo kugira ngo barusheho kubungabunga umutekano wa bo. Inyandikomvugo y’iyo nama yashyikirijwe ubuyobozi bukuru bw’igihugu nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibaruwa No 01559/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 18 Nzeli 1992 iri ku mugereka, Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu n’Amajyambere ya Komini akamenyesha Perezida wa Repubulika na Minisitiri w’Intebe.

Nyuma y’uruzinduko Minisitiri w’Intebe yagiriye muri Superefegitura ya Rwesero muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubugizi bwa nabi byakomeje kwibasira Abatutsi muri Superefegitura ya Rwesero. Bigeze muri Gashyantare 1993 ikibazo cy’umutekano muke cyongeye guhagurutsa Minisitiri w’Intebe Nsengiyaremye Dismas na Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu n’Amajyambere ya Komini Munyazesa Faustin bakorana inama rusange n’abaturage, inama yabanjirijwe n’inama y’umutekano mu rwego rwa Perefegitura yabereye kuri Superefegitura ya Rwesero. Nyuma y’inama y’umutekano, Minisitiri yakoranye inama n’Abaturage.

Muri iyo nama abaturage babwiye Minisitiri w’Intebe Nsengiyaremye Dismas ko bafite ikibazo cy’umutekano muke baterwa n’Abatutsi bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke n’imiryango yabo, kandi ko hari umuntu bafashe wateye grenade (ubwo bavuga Songa), ndetse ko hari n’abandi bafatanywe mines. Minisitiri w’Intebe Nsengiyaremye Dismas yahise avuga ko abantu bakoze ibyaha bakurikiranwa, abandi bagataha mu ngo zabo. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Bagirishya Jean Marie Vianney, Minisitiri w’Intebe yagize ati : ”mwa baturage mwe, ntihagire umuntu ukora kuri aba bantu (avuga abahunze), tugiye kureba uko bizagenda”. Nyuma y’ijambo rya Minisitiri w’Intebe, ba baturage bashinjaga abahunze kubabuza

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umutekano basubiye mu ngo zabo, Minisitiri na we afata indege asubira i Kigali. Bagirishya Jean Marie Vianney asobanura ko Minisitiri w’Intebe atigeze aha agaciro urugomo rwakorewe ababeshyerwaga gutega ibisasu bya mines, ndetse n’ingaruka byabagizeho kugera bahunze ingo zabo, ibyabo bigasahurwa. Mu by’ukuri nta cyo yashatse kubivugaho.200

3.12 Ibikorwa by’urugomo byakorewe Abatutsi nyuma y’Urupfu rwa Perezida w’i Burundi mu 1993

Muri Kamena 1993, i Burundi habaye amatora y’umukuru w’igihugu yatsinzwe n’ishyaka rya FRODEBU, Ndadaye Melchior aba Perezida wa Repubulika atsinze Major Buyoya Pierre. Iyo ntsinzi yakiriwe neza mu Rwanda kubera ko u Burundi bwari bugiye kuyoborwa n’Umuhutu. Ibyo byatumye impunzi nyinshi z’Abahutu b’Abarundi bahungiye mu Rwanda mu 1972201, mu 1988202 no mu 1991-1992203 basubira mu gihugu cyabo, ndetse abenshi binjizwa mu butegetsi no mu gisirikare. Ibyo ariko byabaye iby’agahe gato kubera ko mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 20 rishyira ku wa 21 Ukwakira 1993, Perezida Ndadaye Melchior yahise yicwa. Urupfu rwe rwakurikiwe na none no guhiga bikomeye Abahutu bari mu myanya itandukanye y’ubuyobozi bukuru bw’igihugu, abadepite, abayobozi b’intara n’abandi. Izo mvururu zaviriyemo bamwe kwicwa, abandi benshi bongera guhungira mu Rwanda cyane cyane mu Bugarama mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, i Butare n’ahandi.

Abarundi bahungiye muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu cyane cyane muri Komini Bugarama bakwirakwiye hirya no hino mu bataruge. Ubuyobozi bumaze gufata umwanzuro w’aho bagomba kuba bwarabegeranyije maze bacumbikirwa mu nkambi yashyizwe mu Kigo cy’Amashuri y’imyuga cya CERAI cyari hafi ya Komini Bugarama muri Segiteri ya Muganza. Abarundi bamaze gushyirwa muri iyo nkambi bakongeje umwuka mubi

200 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAGIRISHYA JMV mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2017201 Mu 1972 i Burundi hishwe Abahutu benshi hirya no hino mu gihugu, hibasirwa cyane cyane Abahutu

bajijutse, haba mu mashuli, mu bigo bya leta no mu giturage. Ibyo byatumye abarokotse ubwo bwicanyi bahunga berekeza cyane cyane mu Rwanda no mu bindi bihugu bihana imbibi.

202 Mu 1988 i Burundi muri Ntega na Marangara Abahutu bongeye kwibasirwa, baricwa, abarokotse ubwicanyi bagana iy’ubuhungiro.203 Mu 1993 i Burundi Abahutu bongeye kwibasirwa, abarokotse ubwicanyi bahungira mu Rwanda,

bakirwa n’ubuyobozi bwa Komini Bugarama, ariko baza koherezwa muri Komini Kirambo kugira ngo bave hafi y’umupaka w’igihugu cyabo

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hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi, bumvikanisha ko ibiri kubera i Burundi ari Abatutsi babifitemo uruhare, ko ari bo bishe Perezida Ndadaye Merchior, bakagerekaho no kubamenesha. Iyo ngengabitekerezo y’urwango n’amacakubiri yatumye haduka ibikorwa byo guhohotera Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

Muri Komini Cyimbogo, nyuma y’urupfu rwa Perezida w’Uburundi Ndadaye Melchior bahise bashyira bariyeri ahitwa mu Rwimitereri. Abari kuri iyo bariyeri barimo Jean de Dieu n’abandi biririrwaga baburabuza abagenzi, uwitwa Umututsi wese uhanyuze bakamukubita. Mu bahakubitiwe harimo Kurimpuzu Vincent wo mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyakarenzo, Serire Gituza n’abandi.204

Muri Komini Gishoma urupfu rwa Perezida Ndadaye Melchior rwakurikiwe no guhohotera Abatutsi, kugeza ubwo hari abishwe barimo Aphrodis n’abandi.205

Muri Komini Nyakabuye naho Abatutsi baribasiwe, baratotezwa cyane, bivugwa ko Perezida Ndadaye Melchior yishwe n’Abatutsi bene wabo nyuma bagerekaho no kumenesha Abahutu nk’uko byasobanuwe na Sinzabakwira Jean Bosco:

Perezida Ndadaye Melchior amaze gupfa mu Ukwakira 1993, Abatutsi bahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye. Twagiramungu Théogène wari Président wa MDR muri Segiteri Nyakabuye yafashe abambari be bahiga Abatutsi, baradufata batujyana kuri Segiteri Nyakabuye, tuhageze baradukubita baratwumvisha koko. Barangije kudukubita, abato barabarekuye abakuru bajya kubafunga. Mu bafunzwe harimo Nzanywayimana Victoire, Iyamuremye Védaste, Munyankindi Védaste, Kayijuka Anaclet, Mubiligi Jean n’abandi. Nyuma yo kudukubita bahise bajya no mu giturage baradusahura. Ibyo byose babikoraga badushinyagurira, bakwiza ibihuha ko Abatutsi b’i Burundi bishe Perezida Ndadaye Melchior kandi ko n’Abatutsi bo mu Rwanda bafite umugambi wo kwica Abahutu bo mu Rwanda.206

204 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KURIMBUZU Vincent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017205 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKAMUSONI Thacienne mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2017206 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Jean Bosco mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017

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Uretse gufungwa, mu nzira hose uwitwa Umututsi yagenda yikandagira, atukwa n’ibindi. Mutesa Jean Bosco asobanura uko byamugendekeye:

Mu mpera zo mu 1993 no mu ntangiriro zo mu 1994, abantu bagendaga bakora udutsiko tw’amashyaka. Umunsi umwe nanyuze mu muhanda mpura n’agatsiko k’abantu barimo Niyitegeka Vénuste, Harera Gaspard, Ngwijabanzi n’abandi. Bahise bampagarika maze barambwira ngo nimvuge icyishe Perezida Ndadaye Melchior. Kubera ko nta cyo nari nzi, nabasubije ko ibyo ari iby’i Burundi, ko ntabimenya kandi ntaranajyayo. Bahise barakara cyane, umwe anturuka inyuma agiye kunkubita icupa ndiruka.207

Muri Komini Bugarama naho habaye itotezwa rikomeye ku Batutsi abenshi bajya gufungirwa kuri Komini. Impunzi z’Abarundi zari zisanzwe zituye ku Muganza ku ibarabara rya VIII zahise zifatanya n’Interahamwe bajujubya Abatutsi bavuga ko bene wa bo aribo bishe Perezida Ndadaye. Bahohoteye Abatutsi benshi barimo Muganga Sezibera Patrick, Mwarimu Serugo Jacques n’abandi.

Muri Komini Karengera hishwe Bucyana Nicolas wo muri Kareba mu Murenge wa Butare, bamwicira ku gasoko ko ku Cyicarabagabo: bamuteze igico nijoro bamwica bamutemye ijosi. I Muramba na ho hishwe Murindabigwi Théobard w’i Mwezi. Mu Bweyeye bishe Herson mwene Nyamunana wari uvuye kurangura urwagwa rwo gucuruza, maze bamufatira ku Kibuga cyo mu Bweyeye baramukubita kugeza ashizemo umwuka. Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera Natete Fulgence ahageze agiye gukoresha inama, yamenyeshejwe ibyabaye ariko nta cyo yigeze abikoraho, ahubwo avuga ko abo bantu n’ababashyigikiye bazapfana na bo. Mu Bweyeye hari hasanzwe hari Abarundi benshi, bari batuye cyane cyane i Rasano kuva mu 1972.208

207 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUTESA Jean Bosco mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2017208 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANYABASHI Thomas mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 30 Ukwakira 2017

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3.13 Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma y’urupfu rwa Perezida wa CDR Bucyana Martin

Nyuma y’amezi make habaye urupfu rwa Perezida w’Uburundi Ndadaye Melchior, urupfu rwakurikiwe n’umwuka mubi hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, uwitwa Bucyana Martin wari Perezida wa CDR nawe yishwe ku wa 22 Gashyantare 1994, yicirwa i Butare hafi y’i Mbazi muri Save. amaze kwicwa hahise hakwirakwizwa ibinyoma ko yishwe n’Abatutsi, maze inkuru ihita igera i Cyangugu aho yakomokaga.

Urupfu rwa Bucyana Martin rumaze kugera ku mpuzamugambi za CDR muri Cyangugu rwakurikiwe n’umutekano mubi cyane cyane muri Komini yakomokagamo ya Cyimbogo, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Mururu, aho Abatutsi bibasiwe bashinjwa kwica umuyobozi wabo. Impuzamugambi za CDR zahise zifunga umuhanda ujya mu Bugarama, zishyira bariyeri i Mutongo, Abatutsi batangira guhigwa. Inkuru imaze kumenyekana ko bafunze umuhanda Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, Superefe Munyangabe Théodore na Major Munyarugerero Vincent wayoboraga jandarumori bahise berekeza muri Komini Cyimbogoi Mutongo, bahageze bakoresha inama abaturage, bababwira ko Bucyana yapfuye kandi yicanywe na murumuna we Renzaho Gérome n’umushoferi we. Major Munyarugerero Vincent yakomeje abwira Impuzamugambi za CDR ko gufunga umuhanda atari byo kubera ko umuhanda atari wo wishe umuntu, ahubwo abasaba kujya bakora ibintu babanje gutekereza, abasaba gukora nk’iby’Abarundi bakoze. Impuzamugambi za CDR zimaze kumva impanuro z’ubuyobozi, uwitwa Ramazani wari umucuruzi yahise ajya kuzana essence ayiha Rwagasana mwene Mudacyahwa maze batangira gutwika amazu y’Abatutsi cyane cyane muri Segiteri Cyete, Mururu na Mutongo. Ibyo byakozwe n’impuzamugambi za CDR bafatanyije n’abasezerewe mu gisirikare barimo Mutama na murumuna we Léothel bari bene Bikwekwe n’abandi.209 Batwitse kandi n’imodoka ya Daihatsu ya Nkata Bernard w’i Kamarebe.210

Kuva ubwo habayeho guhiga Abatutsi aho bari hose muri Komini Cyimbogo. Impuzamugambi za CDR z’i Mutongo

209 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTAMABYARIRO Joseph mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2017210 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NDORIMANA Jean, Kigali, 2019

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muri Mururu zamenesheje Abatutsi bose bari baturanye, zirabatwikira, abandi zirabica, abarokotse bahungira mu Kigo cya Centre de Pastorale ‘INCUTI’ kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu. Mu bishwe harimo Juji (Umucamanza) Deny wo kwa Kwibuka, bica Abatutsi ahitwa ku Ngwe n’ahandi211. Hishwe kandi Sinayitutse Simon yicwa na Mwende na Gahanga.212 Ku wa 24 Gashyantare 1994 Impuzamugambi za CDR zateye kandi umuryango wa Habimana Jean Marie Vianney bitaga Gapfumu basanga we yamaze guhunga maze batema umugore we Mukamugema Candide, ku bw’amahirwe ntiyashiramo umwuka, bamusiga mu rutoki munsi y’inzu ye avirirana kandi ahetse umwana mu mugongo. Yahakuwe na Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Cyangugu Ndorimana Jean na Padiri Kajyibwami Modeste.213

Nk’uko Padiri Kajyibwami Modeste abisobanura mu kiganiro kirambuye yagiranye n’umushakashatsi i Mibirizi ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2017, batabaye uyu muryango kubera ko Habimana Jean Marie Vianey yari umukirisitu ukomeye wa Paruwasi afatanya na bo mu bikorwa bya Caritas no mumicungire ya Santarali ya Mutongo. Abo bapadiri bajyanye Mukamugema Candide kwa muganga ku Kigo Nderabuzima cya Rusizi. Kubera uburyo yari yatemaguwe bikomeye, byabaye ngombwa ko bamwohereza mu Bitaro bya Kibogora. Kuri uwo munsi ariko, aho ku Kigo Nderabuzima Abanyamutongo n’Impuzamugambi za CDR nyinshi bari bategereje umurambo wa Bucyana Martin na murumuna we wagombaga kuva i Kigali n’indege, nyuma Ikigo Nderabuzima kigatanga Imbangukira gutabara (Ambulance) yo kujya gutwara imirambo ku Kibuga cy’indege cya Kamembe. Ntibyari byoroshye rero kubona Imbangukira gutabara yagombaga gutwara Madamu Mukamugema Candide. Mu gihe Soeur Christine de Jaeger, Umubiligikazi wari umucungamutungo w’Ikigo Nderabuzima cya Rusizi atumvaga uburyo Imbangukira gutabara yahabwa umuntu usanzwe kandi hategerejwe umunyacyangugu wari ukomeye kandi ashagawe, maze akagira ukujijinganya mu gufata umwanzuro, Soeur Mukazana Adeline wari Umukuru (Titulaire) w’Ikigo Nderabuzima yafashe umwanzuro ko Imbangukira

211 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABYARIMANA Gérard mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017212 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HATEGEKIMANA Pascal mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2017213 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Ndorimana Jean, Kigali, 2019

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gutabara ijyana umurwayi kwa Muganga ariko ikagenda itwawe n’umwe mu bapadiri bari bamuherekeje. Umwanzuro wakiriwe neza, umurwayi ashyirwa mu Imbangukira gutabara ajyanwa mu Bitaro bya Kibogora atwawe na Padiri Kajyibwami Modeste.214

Kuva ku wa 22 Gashyantare 1994, kwica byajyanaga no gutwika inzu z’Abatutsi ngo batazagaruka kubatura iruhande. Nibwo muri Mutongo batwikiye uwitwa Remy Mwalimu, Brune, Nkata Bernard, Nsengumuremyi, Sibomana Bénoît, Etienne wari ufite umugore witwa Athanasie, Kayitani Bushiru wo muri Cyete, Hategekimana Albert wo mu Karangiro, Ndorimana Apiyani, basenyera Harerimana Gaëtan wo mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma n’abandi. Muri Segiteri Cyete batwitse kandi kwa Muhigirwa Innocent, kwa Gakwaya Théophile, kwa John, kwa Mukantwari, kwa Gatete Gilbert, kwa Munyemanzi Godefroid, kwa Kanyangurube, kwa Vincent, kwa Charles, kwa Fayida, kwa Berekimasi, kwa Bénoit, kwa Mahindi Théoneste, batwika inzu z’ubucuruzi z’Abatutsi zari ku muhanda n’ahandi. Gutwika byajyanaga no gusahura, ibyasahuwe interahamwe zikajya kubigurisha Abakongomani mu isoko ryo mu Karangiro.215

Muri Komini Karengera ho impuzamugambi za CDR zakoreye urugomo rukabije i Ntendezi. Imodoka yose ibanyuzeho barayihagarikaga, Umututsi wese babonye bagakubita babashinja kugira uruhare mu rupfu rw’umuyobozi w’ishyaka ryabo Bucyana Martin. Mu bakubiswe harimo Kayitana Gaston wakoraga muri EAV Ntendezi, baramukubise baramunoza abantu bamukura ku muhanda bamuteruye.216

Nyuma y’ubwicanyi n’urugomo byakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma y’urupfu rwa Bucyana Martin, nta cyigeze gikorwa ngo hagire ukurikiranwa ku byaha byakozwe ku manywa, izuba riva. Nta n’urwego rwa Leta rwigeze rutabara bityo ngo habeho kuburizamo ibyo bikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi. Kwica no kumenesha Abatutsi no kwangiza imitungo yabo byarangiye bityo, abapfuye n’ibyangijwe biteshwa agaciro. Ibyo byose bikagaragaza ko umugambi wo guhohotera no kwica Abatutsi wari igikorwa gisanzwe kandi gishyigikiwe n’ubuyobozi. 214 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Padiri KAJYIBWAMI Modeste kuri Paruwasi ya MIBIRIZI mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2017. Biboneka kandi mu gitabo cya Ndorimana Jean, op. Cit., p 36-37.215 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUHIGIRWA Innocent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017216 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKANKUSI Therese mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 17 Ugushyingo 2017.

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3.14 Kwica Abatutsi bya hato na hato bazira amaherere Kuva mu 1990 Inkotanyi zitangiye urugamba rwo kubohora Igihugu, Umututsi aho yari hose nta mahoro yigeze agira. Batwererwaga ibyaha byose bishoboka, bikabaviramo guhohoterwa bya hato na hato nta kindi bazira uretse kubeshyerwa ko ari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, ko abateye ari bene wabo, bityo ko bafatanyije. Mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu hari n’abishwe.

Nk’uko Gasigwa Christophe abisobanura, mu 1991 uwitwa Sendatanga wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo i Cyato yarafashwe yicirwa mu Bugarama, uwitwa Donatile wakomokaga muri Kinanira mu yahoze ari Nyakabuye na we yarishwe, Munyandekwe Philipe yicwa bamubeshyera ko ari igisambo kandi bwari uburyo bwo kuyobya uburari. Muri Muhanga ho mu yahoze ari Nyakabuye bishe Kanyeperu bamushinja uburozi, ariko wasesengura ugasanga yarazize ko yari Umututsi.217

Mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe hishwe Nkurunziza Eric mwene Ndekezi Jean na Mukahirwa Donatile wo ku Rusunyu, bamwica mu 1992 bamubeshyera ko ari igisambo n’abandi. Hatotejwe kandi Galcan wo ku Nkanka, Karerangabo Eugène, Karenzi Hormisdas n’abandi.218

Mu yahoze ari Komini Kirambo hishwe Gatera Aaron bamwicana n’umuganga w’amatungo babanaga w’i Gitarama, bicwa n’igitero cyo muri Kibogora cyari kiyobowe na Ngezahayo Hesron na Karamaga. Kanyemera Hesron na we yaratewe, urugi ry’inzu ye bararuca, ariko ku bw’amahirwe aracika, umuryango we uhita umeneshwa urahunga.219

3.15 Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’itotezwa byakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha Uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha ruherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Giheke, Akarere ka Rusizi. Kugera ubwo Jenoside Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

217 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya GASIGWA Christophe mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017218 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIYITEGEKA Florien ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali ku wa 22 Werurwe 2018.219 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya GASIGWA Corneille Fidèle mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017

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yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, uruganda rwa Shagasha rwayoborwaga na Nsabimana Callixte bivugwa ko yari mubyara wa Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal.

FPR-Inkotanyi imaze gutangira urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu mu Ukwakira 1990, abakozi b’Abatutsi bakoreraga mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha batangiye gutotezwa babita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, inyenzi, abagome n’ibindi. Kubera urwango Nsabimana Callixte yari afitiye Abatutsi yahise ashyira bariyeri mu marembo y’uruganda ngo hatazagira Inkotanyi irwinjira mo. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Nambajimana Donati, mu 1991 Nsabimana Callixte yasabye kandi ko hakorwa amalisiti y’Abatutsi bose bakoraga mu ruganda maze uretse kubatoteza, bamwe baranirukanwa. Mu birukanywe harimo Nkaka Jean wakoraga mu cyayi, Nsabimana Callixte avuga ko amuhoye ubwirasi bw’Abatutsi.220

Nambajimana Donati akoze asobanura ko mu cyiswe kurinda umutekano w’uruganda Nsabimana Calixte yazanye insoresore zigera kuri 37 aziha amahiri n’ibihosho avuga ko ari ibyo kurinda umutekano w’uruganda. Abenshi muri bo bari abahoze ari abasirikare cyangwa abapolisi kandi bakomoka ku Gisenyi.

Mu 1992, Nsabimana Callixte yatangiye ibikorwa byo guhohotera Abatutsi birimo kubasaka bya hato na hato, kubaka indangamuntu mu buryo butunguranye, kubatinza gutaha n’ibindi. Nsabimana Callixte yari yarahaye abakozi bose igipapuro bagendana cyanditseho umwirondoro wabo harimo n’ubwoko. Maze abwira inzoresore zirirwaga kuri bariyeri kujya zitesha umutwe Abatutsi, ubateyeho amahane bakamubuza kwinjira. Nambajimana Donati asobanura ko mu bari ku isonga muri ibyo bikorwa harimo Nsabimana Callixte, Sebudagari, Semondo, Karekezi, Nzigihima, Gratien, Rwamwaga Victor, Nkusi, Munyakazi bitaga Gihenera, Donat, Ntakiyimana n’abandi.

Nsabimana Callixte yari afite urwango rukabije kugera aho yahaga za nsoresore ze uburenganzira bwo kujya kurandura amabendera ya PL na PSD yari hafi aho, amashyaka yitaga ay’Abatutsi. Yitwaraga nk’uyobora akarere kose, akazirana n’Abahutu babaga muri MDR. Yakoranaga inama na Perefe

220 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NAMBAJIMANA Donati mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ugushyingo 2017.

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Bagambiki hamwe n’abasekirite b’uruganda akababwira ko umwanzi bafite nta wundi uretse Umututsi kandi ko nibarangara gato azabamara.221 Nsabimana Callixte akaba yarahunze igihugu kubera gutinya ingaruka z’ibyo yakoze.

3.16 Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’itotezwa byakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Gisakura

Uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Gisakura ruherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano ubu ni mu Murenge wa Bushekeli, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, uruganda rwa Gisakura rwayoborwaga na Mubiligi Anatole wakomokaga ku Gikongoro mu yahoze ari Komini Karambo i Bunyoma, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Kibumbwe, Akarere ka Nyamagabe.

Nyuma y’itangira ry’urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Gisakura hatangiye ibibazo by’amacakubiri. Abatutsi bakoraga mu ruganda baratutswe, babita amazina abatesha agaciro arimo ba mazuru, inyenzi n’ibindi. Batotezwaga n’abakozi bagenzi babo barimo cyane cyane Ngiruwonsanga François na Alphonse bari abakanishi na Théoneste wayoboraga imirimo mu ruganda. Bayibarire Cyprien asobanura ko ku wa 13 Ukwakira 1990 Ngiruwonsanga na Barinda bakubise umukozi mugenzi wabo witwa Cyubahiro Innocent, bamukubitira ku kigega cy’amazi cyari mu ruganda bavuga ko Inyenzi bene wabo zateye mu Mutara zamaze Abahutu.222

Bayibarire Cyprien akomeza asobanura ko uretse abakozi bari basanzwe mu ruganda bashishikaye mu gutoteza bagenzi babo b’Abatutsi, hari abakozi bari baraturutse mu ruganda rw’icyayi rwa Mulindi barimo Rwiririza Anastase, Habineza Albert na Twagiramungu bari abakapita bakirirwa babwira Cyubahiro na Ntibiramira Innocent ko igikoroni cy’Abatutsi kitazashira. Umututsi aho ari hose yafatwaga nk’umugambanyi ufite imikoranire ya bugufi na FPR-Inkotanyi bavugaga ko igizwe na bene wabo b’Abatutsi.223

221 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NKURUNZIZA Chaste mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ugushyingo 2017.222 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAYIBARIRE Cyprien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, Ugushyingo 2017.223 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAYIBARIRE Cyprien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, Ugushyingo 2017.

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Muri ibyo bikorwa by’urugomo byibasiye Abatutsi mu ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Gisakura, ntacyo umuyobozi w’uruganda Mubiligi Anatole yigeze akora, haba uguhana abahohotera bagenzi babo cyangwa gushingira igiti abarengana. Mubiligi Anatole yaranzwe no kurebera. Uwo muco wo kurebera no gutererana abari mu kaga watije umurindi Abahutu bakoraga mu ruganda rwa Gisakura, barushaho gutoteza no guhohotera bagenzi babo b’Abatutsi umunsi ku wundi, kugera muri Mata 1994 ubwo Jenoside yashyirwaga mu bikorwa mu buryo bweruye.

3.17 Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’itotezwa byakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rwa CIMERWA

Uruganda rwa CIMERWA ruherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Muganza, Akarere ka Rusizi. Rwashinzwe mu 1980 kubufatanye bwa Leta y’u Rwanda n’aba Chinois. Imirimo yo kurwubaka yamaze imyaka itanu ku buryo rwatangiye gukora mu 1985. Kuva mu 1991, Sebatware Marcel wakomokaga mu Ruhengeri mu yahoze ari Komini Mukingo ku musozi umwe na Minisitiri Nzirorera Joseph yabaye Umuyobozi Mukuru w’uruganda rwa CIMERWA. Sebatware Marcel yari kandi muramu wa Jenerali Nsabimana Deogratias bitaga Castar wari umugaba Mukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda (FAR). Sebatware amaze guhabwa ubuyobozi bwa CIMERWA yashyize mu myanya yo hejuru abantu be bahuje ingengabitekerezo y’urwango bakomoka mu majyaruguru y’u Rwanda mu Ruhengeri n’i Gisenyi barimo: Sebageni Théoneste wari muramu we n’umugore we Claudine, Kazungu Gaspard wari mwene se wa Minisitiri Nzirorera Joseph bamushinga ibijyanye na Génie Civile naho umugore we Mukankaka Laurence bivugwa ko yari umukobwa wa Semanza Laurent wabaye Burugumesitiri wa Komini Bicumbi wari incuti ya Habyarimana na Nzirorera yahawe akazi muri Serivisi y’imicungire y’abakozi (Service du Personnel). Mpozembizi Jean Pierre ukomoka mu yahoze ari Komini Rwerere ku Gisenyi yabaye Chef wa Serivisi y’Amashanyarazi. Ntibankundiye Assumani ukomoka mu yahoze ari Komini Rwerere ku Gisenyi aba Chef wa Serivisi ishinzwe gushyushya imashini. Nkusi David ukomoka mu yahoze ari Komini Nkuli mu Ruhengeri wari mubyara wa Sebatware Marcel

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yahawe akazi mu 1993 ko gucunga abakozi, aba na Maneko muri CIMERWA. Uwayezu Jean wakomokaga mu Ruhengeri yahawe akazi k’ubucungamari (Comptable) kuva mu 1992. Mu 1992 Sebatware yahaye kandi akazi Ntawumenyumunsi Pascal wakomokaga ku Gisenyi muri Komini Kanama ku Nyundo. Mu ntagondwa zabaga muri CIMERWA harimo kandi Ndorimana Casimir wakomokaga i Cyangugu mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma wari umuyobozi w’aba Ingenieur mu ruganda, akaba yari umukozi wa CIMERWA kuva mu 1985.224

Muri rusange, uruganda rwa CIMERWA rwabaye akazu k’intagondwa z’Abanyaruhengeri n’Abanyagisenyi bibumbiye mu ishyaka rya CDR. Ako kazu kamaze kubakwa, kafatanyije n’Interahamwe zihakomoka mu gucura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Bakoranye n’Interahamwe zikomeye zirimo Bandetse Edouard wari usanzwe ari umucuruzi ukomeye i Nyakabuye akaba n’umubitsi wa MRND muri Prefegitura yaCyangugu, Bakundukize Elias wari umucuruzi ukomeye i Kamembe no mu Bugarama, Munyakazi Yusufu wari umucuruzi ukomeye mu Bugarama n’abandi. Bakundukize Elias na Munyakazi Yusufu bombi bakomokaga ku Kibuye mu yahoze ari Komini Rwamatamu.225

Abayobozi b’Uruganda rwa CIMERWA baranzwe no gutoteza Abatutsi bahakoraga bababeshyera ko ari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi nk’uko bisobanurwa na Bapfakurera Jean:

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yabaye Abatutsi bari abakozi ba CIMERWA basa n’abari baragizwe ibisenzegeri n’ubuyobozi bw’uruganda bwariho, aho bwabatotezaga bikabije butabafata nk’abantu kugeza ku ndunduro mu 1994 ubwo bakorerwaga Jenoside bigizwemo uruhare rukomeye na bamwe mu bari abayobozi bakuru barwo. Bari barakoze urutonde rw’Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa maze rukajya rukoreshwa babashakisha. Bavugaga ko nta Mututsi n’umwe ukora mu ruganda ugomba kurokoka kuko ngo bakorana n’Inkotanyi.226

224 BIZIMANA Jean Damascène, Inzira ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwanda,Kigali, 2014, p.300-301.

225 BIZIMANA Jean Damascène, op. Cit., p. 301.226 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAPFAKURERA Jean, RUSIZI, 3/11/ 2017.

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Kuva mu 1993, intagondwa zo mu ruganda rwa CIMERWA zirangajwe imbere ya Sebatware Marcel zagize uruhare rukomeye mu gushishikariza urubyiruko kwitabira umutwe w’Interahamwe, imyitozo igakorerwa ku kibuga cya Basket cy’uruganda rwa CIMERWA igatangwa n’abasirikare boherejwe na LT Imanishimwe Samuel. Sebatware Marcel yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu gushyiraho no gutoza Interahamwe, kuziha ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi, no guzishishikariza kwica Abatutsi. Nk’uko Habaruremana Jean Paul abisobanura mu buhamya yatanze mu Nkiko Gacaca mu rubanza rwa Sebatware Marcel, ashimangira ko hari impunda zazanywe na Lt Colonel Claudien Singirankabo wakomokaga i Mutimasi muri Komini Cyimbogo, zihabwa Sebatware Marcel. Izo mbunda zikaba zarafashije Interahamwe kwiga kurasa, nyuma zikoreshwa muri Jenoside.227

227 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, urubanza rwa Sebatware Marcel, Urukiko Gacaca rwa Muganza, 3 Mutarama 2008

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IGICE CYA KANE

UBURYO BWAKORESHEJWE MU GUTEGURA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU 1994

MURI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU

Hagati ya Ukwakira 1990 na Werurwe 1994, umugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi wanogejwe hakoreshejwe inzira zose zishoboka kugira ngo Abahutu bikize uwari wariswe umwanzi wabo ariwe Umututsi. Muri uwo mugambi mubisha, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ntiyatanzwe mu gushaka no gushyiraho uburyo buzifashishwa. Kurema amatsinda y’insoresore zitwara gisirikare, kubaha imyitozo no kubaha ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi, gukwirakwiza no gukongeza urwango hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi n’ibindi bikorwa bitandukanye bikangurira Abahutu kwica Abatutsi byaranogejwe. 4.1. Kwigisha abakozi bose muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu gukoresha imbunda no kuzibaha

Mu 1992, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yatanze amabwiriza ko abakozi bose ba komini, abakonseye n’abarimu bagomba kwiga gukoresha imbunda. Kubera ibihe by’intambara igihugu cyarimo, Perefe yavugaga ko kwiga no kwigisha imbunda bigomba gushyirwamo ingufu kugira ngo igihe cyose umwanzi azazira bazasange biteguye. Hashingiwe kuri ayo mabwiriza ya Perefe buri komini yahise isaba abapolisi kwigisha imbunda ibyiciro byavuzwe haruguru.228

Muri Komini Kamembe abakozi bose ba komini, abakonseye, abarimu, abaserire, n’interahamwe zabaga zatoranyijwe muri buri serire bahawe amasomo yo gukoresha imbunda. Bigishirijwe mu Gatsiro mu kibuga cya Komini Kamembe. Batozwaga n’abapolisi ba komini barimo Burigadiye wa Komini Gatera Casmir wo ku Nkanka, Dionyse wo ku Rwahi n’abandi. Mu gihe babaga bigishwa bahabwaga ubutumwa ko igihugu cyatewe n’Inyenzi, bityo ko buri wese agomba kwiga imbunda maze umunsi zageze iwabo bakazirwanya. Kwitoza byakorwaga incuro ebyiri (2) mu cyumweru, bikamara ibyumweru

228 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABYARIMANA Gérard mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017.

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bitatu (3). Nk’uko byasobanuwe n’uwari Konseye Ndahayo Ignace umwe mu bitabiriye iyo myitozo, igikorwa cyo kwiga imbunda cyakozwe ku mabwiriza ya Burugumesitiri wa Komini kubera ko ari we «waduhamagaje ngo tujye kwiga imbunda, kandi mu gihe twabaga turi mu myitozo iteka yaradusuraga akareba uko bimeze »229.

Muri Komini Cyimbogo abakozi bose ba komini, abakonseye n’abarimu na bo bigishijwe gukoresha imbunda. Bigishirizwaga kuri komini mu biti bya Gereveriya. Habyarimana Gérard uri mu bigishije imbunda asobanura uko igikorwa cyagenze:

Abize imbunda ni abakozi ba komini barimo abarimu, abakonseye, hamwe n’abasore 5 baturutse muri buri serire. Bazaga kwiga buri wa gatandatu. Mu bigishaga imbunda harimo njye Habyarimana Gérard, Nyoni Jean Marie Vianney, Mudacogora Gaëtan, Munyentwari Faustin, Rukirumurame Fabien, Ntabanganyimana Joseph, Silas, Gasambi n’abandi. N’ubwo kwigisha imbunda byakorwaga n’abapolisi ba komini, abasirikari bazaga kugenzura uko igikorwa kiri kugenda. Kwiga imbunda birangiye, buri konseye wese yahabwaga imbunda yo kwirinda akayijyana iwe kugira ngo izafashe mu gucunga umutekano muri segiteri ye.230

Mu rwego rwo kubahiriza amabwiriza ya Perefe, kwigisha imbunda byakozwe muri Komini zose zari zigize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

4.2. Gushyiraho umutwe w’Interahamwe mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Mu mpera z’umwaka wa 1991 nyuma y’iyemerwa rya politiki ishingiye ku mashyaka menshi, MRND yafashe bamwe mu rubyiruko rwayo iruhuriza mu mutwe witwara gisirikare witwa Interahamwe. Uwo mutwe utangira washingiwe i Kigali ariko uza gukwira mu gihugu hose harimo n’uduce tunyuranye twa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

229 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NDAHAYO Ignace mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 11 Ukwakira 2017.230 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABYARIMANA Gérard mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017.

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4.2.1. Inzego z’ubuyobozi bw’Interahamwe mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho Interahamwe kigeze i Cyangugu, hashyizweho inzego z’ubuyobozi bwazo kuva ku rwego rwa Perefegitura kugera ku rwego rwa Serire. Buri muyobozi yafashaga gutoranya abazajya mu nterahamwe kandi agakurikirana ibikorwa byazo. 4.2.1.1. Ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Muri Kamena 1993, Komite Nyobozi ya MRND yashyizeho Komite y’Interahamwe ku rwego rwa Perefegitura. Icyo cyemezo cyashyizwe mu bikorwa na Nteziryayo Siméon wari Perezida wa Bureau ya MRND muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.231 Nyandwi Christophe wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Karengera, Akarere ka Nyamasheke yahise aba umuyobozi w’Interahamwe ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Umugambi wo gukangurira Interahamwe kwitegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, umuyobozi w’Interahamwe ku rwego rwa Perefegitura Nyandwi Christophe yawukoze afatanyije na Bareberaho Bantali Rypa wabaga muri Segiteri Gihundwe, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Kamembe, Akarere ka Rusizi. Bareberaho Bantali Rypa yari Perezida wa CDR muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Nyandwi Christophe afatanyije na Perefe wa Cyangugu Bagambiki Emmanuel hamwe n’ababurugumesitiri bashyizeho Interahamwe mu bice byose bya perefegitura.

4.2.1.2. Ku rwego rwa komini

- Komini Kamembe

Ibikorwa by’Interahamwe mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe byakurikiranwaga na Nyandwi Christophe wari unazikuriye ku rwego rwa Perefegitura afatanyije na Kimputu Salumu Waziri wari umucuruzi ukomeye i Kamembe, akaba yari ashinzwe gukusanya imisanzu yo kwita ku mibereho yazo. Mu bari bakomeye mu Nterahamwe muri Komini Kamembe harimo kandi Ndagijimana Tharcisse bitaga Kiyovu wari utuye i Kabutembo

231 Umurwanashyaka, no 19, Werurwe 1992

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mu yahoze ari Serire Kangazi ho muri Rusunyu. Mu Mujyi wa Kamembe harimo Kayumba Djuma, Alphonse, Sengayire, Boniface, Uwishema, Mwamini, Nshimiyiana Ramadhan, Mbarushimana Ramadhan, Ndutiye Egide, Ignace, Thomas bitaga Mushi, Mazegare James n’abandi.

Komini Kamembe yagiraga kandi insoresore zibumbiye mu mutwe wiyise Abakaridinari wakoreraga ku Nkanka ukuriwe na Nkurunziza Frédéric. Uwo mutwe na wo wagiyeho mu 1992 ugizwe n’insoreresore ziyemeje gutoteza Abatutsi, bakabakubita kandi bakabambura. Mu bari muri uwo mutwe harimo Bongwanubusa wo ku Nkanka, Mujyanama, Jean Marie n’abandi. Mu batotejwe n’uwo mutwe harimo Galcan wo ku Nkanka bahoraga batera bakamwaka amafaranga bavuga ko amafaranga akoresha ari ay’Inkotanyi.232

- Komini Cyimbogo

Interahamwe zo muri Komini Cyimbogo zari zikuriwe na Rubayita Pascal wari usanzwe ari Assistant Burugumesitiri wa Komini Cyimbogo. Umugambi wo gukangurira Interahamwe kwitegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yawukoze afatanyije na Bideri Augustin wari Perezida wa MRND ku rwego rwa Komini, akaba yari asanzwe ari umuganga w’amatungo, hamwe na Murengezi Cyprien wayoboraga Uruganda rwa SONAFRUITS.233 Komini Cyimbogo yagaragayemo urubyiruko rwinshi rwitabiriye umutwe w’Interahamwe kubera ko umukuru wa CDR ku rwego rw’igihugu Bucyana Martin ariho yakomokaga, afite urubyiruko rwinshi rwiyise Impuzamugambi zagize uruhare mu kwica Abatutsi nyuma y’urupfu rwa Bucyana Martin, kuva muri Gashyantare 1994.

- Komini Gishoma

Gukangurira Interahamwe kwitegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Gishoma byakozwe na Rwakana Vénant wari Perezida wa MRND ku rwego rwa Komini Gishoma, akaba yari asanzwe ari Moniteur-Agri muri Komini. Rwakana Vénant yafatanyije na Nkubito Jean Chrysostome wari

232 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIYITEGEKA Florien ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali 23 Werurwe 2018.233 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUHIGIRWA Innocent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017

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Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gishoma.234 Komini Gishoma yakomokagamo Twagiramungu Faustin washinze ishyaka rya MDR kandi akarikurira ku rwego rw’igihugu, byatumye rigira abarwanashyaka benshi muri Komini Gishoma bayobowe na Rubanguka wari usanzwe ari Umucungamutungo wa Komini Gishoma. Kugira abarwanashyaka benshi kwa MDR byagendanye no kugira urubyiruko rwinshi rwitwaga Inkuba (insoresore za MDR). Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa ariko, abarwanashyaka ba MDR n’inkuba zayo, Interahamwe za MRND n’Impuzamugambi za CDR bahuje umugambi wo guhiga no kwica Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Komini no mu nkengero zayo.

- Komini Bugarama

Interahamwe zo muri Komini Bugarama zari zikuriwe na Yusuf Munyakazi. Gukurikirana ibikorwa by’Interahamwe Yusufu Munyakazi yabifashwagamo na Ndutiye Athanase wahinduye amazina akitwa Tarake Aziz Makuza nyuma yo kuba umuyoboke wa Islam avuye muri Catholique. Tarake Aziz Makuza yakomokaga muri Komini Nyakabuye, akaba yari ashinzwe imyitozo y’Interahamwe afatanyije na Mundere André, Rekeraho Samuel na Habineza Théobald.235 Umutwe w’Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi wari ukomeye cyane kubera imyitozo ihagije wahawe, ukaba wari wiganjemo kandi insoresore zavuye mu gisirikare. Umutwe w’Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi witabazwaga mu kujya kwica aho abandi bananiwe. Ni muri urwo rwego zagiye kwica Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika i Shangi, i Mibirizi, ku Kibuye ku Musozi wa Kizenga no mu Bisesero.236

- Komini Nyakabuye

Muri Komini Nyakabuye umutwe w’Interahamwe zaho wari ukuriwe na Munyentarama Alphred. Interahamwe za Komini Nyakabuye zifatanyije na Burugumesitiri Nsengumuremyi Diogène na Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Bugumya Nsengimana Etienne banogeje umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi hirya no hino

234 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIKUZE Nicole mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2017235 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZEYIMANA Jean mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 28 Ukwakira 2017.236 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Munyakazi Yusufu, (Munyakazi Yusufu (ICTR-97-36A), Arusha, 2011

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muri Komini Nyakabuye bajya no kwica Abatutsi i Mibirizi muri Komini Cyimbogo, i Nyabitimbo muri Komini Karengera n’ahandi.237

- Komini Gisuma

Gushyiraho no gukurikirana ibikorwa by’Interahamwe muri Komini Gisuma byakozwe na Nsabimana Callixte wari umuyobozi w’Uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha afatanyije na Nsengumuremyi Fulgence wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gisuma na Habamenshi Michel wari umwarimu i Gitwa.238 Komini Gisuma yakomokagamo kandi Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Bagambiki Emmanuel wo muri Bumazi, Depite Barigira Félicien wo muri Bugungu na Gakwaya Callixte bose bari bahuje umugambi wo gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

- Komini Gafunzo

Interahamwe zo muri Komini Gafunzo zari zikuriwe na Katamobwa Etienne wari usanzwe akora imirimo y’ubucuruzi.239 Komini Gafunzo yari ifite kandi itsinda rikomeye ry’Interahamwe zabaga i Nyabitekeri zikuriwe na Uburiyemuye Epimaque bitaga PIMA wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Segiteri Bugeza, akaba yari yarahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare mu gihe cy’iminsi 15 (aba 15 jours). Muri Segiteri Nyamugali habaga kandi Interahamwe zari zigizwe cyane cyane n’insoresore zo mu muryango w’Abasyaga bari bayobowe na Mutsinzi Venant.240 Komini Gafunzo yakomokagamo kandi Superefe Munyangabe Théodore wo muri Nyabitekeri wari ufite uruhare rukomeye mu miyoborere ya Komini, akaba yaragize uruhare no mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Gafunzo.

- Komini Kagano

Interahamwe zo muri Komini Kagano zari zikuriwe na Rurangangabo Pascal wari waravuye mu gisirikare. Kubera ko Komini Kagano yari ifite abarwanashyaka benshi ba MDR ugereranyije n’aba MRND, Burugumesitiri wa Komini

237 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Almas George Daniel mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017.238 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NAMBAJIMANA Donat mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2017239 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MBABAZI Jean Paul mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 02 Ugushyingo 2017240 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya TUYISENGE Valérie alias NYIRAZUBA mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 14Ugushyingo 2017.

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Kamana Aloys na we ari umurwanashyaka wa MDR, byasabye Rurangangabo Pascal gukorana neza na Hitimana Antoine wayoboraga MDR muri Komini Kagano kandi avuga rikijyana. Ibyo byatumye Rurangangabo Pascal akoresha amayeri menshi cyane kugera aho urubyiruko rwa MDR na MRND ruhuje umugambi wo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.241

- Komini Karengera

Interahamwe zo muri Komini Karengera zari zikuriwe na Nsengumuremyi Anaclet wakoranaga bya hafi na Nyandwi Christophe wari ukuriye Interahamwe ku rwego rwa perefegitura. Nsengumuremyi Anaclet yari umwe mu Nterahamwe zatoranyijwe mu 1992 zijya guhabwa imyitozo ku rwego rw’igihugu. Yavuye mu myitozo afite imbunda ya pistolet na grenades. Mu kazi ke ko gukurikirana ibikorwa by’Interahamwe muri Komini Karengera, yakoranaga kandi na Busunyu Michel wari ukuriye MRND mu rwego rwa Komini Karengera.242

- Komini Kirambo

Muri Komini Kirambo ishyaka rya MDR ryarushaga ingufu MRND n’ubwo yari ku butegetsi. MDR yari iyobowe na Hakiba Jonathan yari ifite abarwanashyaka n’urubyiruko benshi. Ibyo ariko ntibyaciye intege Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias wafatanyije na Perezida wa MRND Mbonyimana Félicien wari usanzwe ayobora ikigo cy’amashyamba cya Kamatsira cyari muri Serire Gahisi, i Rangiro hamwe na Habiyakare Eliezer wayoboraga ishuri ryisumbuye rya Institut John Wesley (EJW) Kibogora. Bafatanyije gukurikirana ibikorwa by’Interahamwe na CDR yari iyobowe na Dr Laurent wari umuganga mu Bitaro bya Kibogora. Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias yakoranye kandi na Ngezahayo Hesron wabanje kuba umwarimu nyuma aba umushoferi wa Komini. Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias yafataga Ngezahayo Hesron nk’umujyanama we ukomeye.243

241 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAMARAMPAKA Mathieu mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 2017.242 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Straton ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.243 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZASABAYESU Enock mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017.

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- Komini Gatare

Kimwe no muri Komini Kirambo, muri Komini Gatare ishyaka rya MDR ryari ryarigaruriye urubyiruko rwinshi ruyobowe na Gasinzigwa wari umwarimu mu mashuri abanza i Buhoro. Urubyiruko rwa MDR rwirirwaga mu bikorwa byo kubohoza abarwanashyaka ba MRND babinjiza muri MDR ku ngufu. Ubwo Jenoside yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Nsanzurwimo Amon wo muri Macuba wari umwarimu mu mashuri abanza i Buhoro akaba n’umuyobozi wa MRND muri Komini, yumvikanishije ko iby’amashyaka bigomba kujya ku ruhande maze urubyiruko rwose ruhurira ku mugambi wo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.244

Mu nshingano abayobozi b’Interahamwe bavuzwe haruguru bari bafite harimo gukurikirana ibikorwa by’Interahamwe umunsi ku wundi, kubaha amabwiriza, kubatoza, kubaha ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi no kubaherekeza mu bitero.

4.3. Gutoza no kwigisha imitwe yitwara gisirikare gukoresha imbunda

Guhera mu mwaka wa 1992, benshi mu bari bagize umutwe w’Interahamwe bahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare, bigishwa no gukoresha imbunda. Iyo myitozo ya gisirikare yatangwaga n’ingabo z’u Rwanda (FAR), abajandarume n’aba reservistes, igakurikiranwa kandi n’abayobozi ba MRND barimo ba perefe na ba burugumesitiri bafatanyije n’aba ofisiye bo mu ngabo z’u Rwanda (FAR) bari hafi aho. Ibyo byatumye icyari urubyiruko rw’ishyaka gihinduka umutwe witwara gisirikare.

Imyitozo yatangiye itangwa mu rwego rw’igihugu ibera mu bigo bya gisirikare bya Bigogwe, Gako, Gabiro n’ahandi. Mu bayitabiriye bakomoka muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu harimo Nyandwi Chrystothe, Mateso wari umujandarume avuka muri Cité-Kamembe, Lamazani wari murumuna wa Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kamembe n’abandi.245 Nyuma y’imyitozo ku rwego rw’igihugu, abatojwe basubiye iwabo, bahabwa inshingano yo gutoza Interahamwe muri komini bakomokamo. Bageze mu makomini yabo bashishikariye gushyiraho no kugira Intera-

244 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Fabien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 22 Ugushyingo 2017.

245 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, Ubuhamya bwa Bisengimana Elisée, Kigali, 2005

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hamwe zikomeye. Interahamwe zikomeye muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu zaherewe imyitozo mu Bugarama kwa Yusufu Munyakazi. Ibyo ariko ntibyabujije ko imyitozo itangwa hirya no hino mu makomini yose agize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

Bitangira imyitozo yatangwaga mu buryo bw’ibanga ariko nyuma bikorwa ku mugaragaro. Akenshi Interahamwe zitoreje ahagenewe gukorerwa imyitozo cyane cyane ku bibuga by’umupira w’amaguru no mu mashyamba. Ababaga batoranyijwe muri buri segiteri bahabwaga imyitozo ya gisirikare irimo gukoresha imbunda n’izindi ntwaro, bakigishwa uburyo bwo kwica abantu benshi mu gihe gito bifashishije intwaro za gisirikare n’iza gakondo.

Kugira ngo imyitozo y’Interahamwe igende neza, hatangwaga imisanzu yagurwagamo ibyo kurya byazo zivuye mu myitozo. Mu bakusanyaga iyo misanzu muri Cyangugu harimo Bandetse Edouard, Kimputu Salumu, Mubumbyi Manassé n’abandi.246

- Muri Komini Kamembe

Muri Komini Kamembe Interahamwe zitoreje ku kibuga cya Komini mu Gatsiro. Aho mu Gatsiro kwigisha Interahamwe gukoresha imbunda byakorwaga n’abapolisi ba komini barimo Callixte, Gatera Casmir wari Burigadiye n’abandi. Interahamwe zitoreje kandi mu kibuga cya Kamashangi kiri mu Mujyi wa Kamembe muri Cité batozwa na Mateso mwene Dominique wari umujandarume afatanyije na Epimaque mwene Mukinja wari waravuye mu gisirikari. Ibikorwa byo gutoza Interahamwe byakurikiranwaga na Kimputu Salomon wari umucuruzi ukomeye i Kamembe. Interahamwe zo mu Murenge wa Gihundwe nazo zazaga kwitoreza hamwe n’iz’i Kamembe mu kibuga cya Kamashangi. Interahamwe z’i Muhari zo zitoreje ku Iperu, ku mashuri abanza, no mu ishyamba ryo kuri Ngoma. Zatozwaga na Kanyanzoga Tharcisse wari waravuye mu gisirikari. Interahamwe zitoreje kandi mu ishyamba ryo kwa Nsengumuremyi Aloys mu Gitwa ho muri Nkanka batozwa na Nsanzimana. Interahamwe zitoreje no mu Cyunyu zitozwa na Hangariya Ladislas. Interahamwe zitoreje na none i Kabutembo ku Nkanka zigizwe n’izaturutse ku Nkombo zirimo Bajekurora

246 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, Ubuhamya bwa Bisengimana Elisee, Kigali, 2005

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Pascal, Kadondogo, Gifungo, Nkurunziza n’abandi. Mu rwego rwo gushishikariza Interahamwe zatojwe kwitabira ubwicanyi, burugumesitiri yavugaga ko abazagaragaza ubutwari bazahabwa impeta yo kuba baraharaniye kurinda ubusugire bw’ibihugu.247

- Muri Komini Cyimbogo

Muri Komini Cyimbogo Interahamwe nyinshi kandi zikomeye zamamaye mu bwicanyi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi zakomokaga muri Mururu i Mutongo no mu Karangiro. Aho niho Bucyana Martin washize CDR yakomokaga bityo havuka Interahamwe nyinshi zari abarwanashyaka ba CDR. Hari kandi Interahamwe zatorejwe muri Nyakarenzo cyane cyane i Nyamabuye muri Pinus, Kamakenga no mu Kabira mu Kagari ka Kabuye. Bizimana Léonidas wari waravuye mu gisirikari niwe watangaga imyitozo yigisha uko imbunda ikoreshwa afatanyije n’abandi bari baravuye mu gisirikare barimo Yusufu, Burigadiye wa Komini Cyimbogo Munyoni Jean Marie Vianney, Gaëtan, Faustin n’abandi. Mu batojwe harimo Kabejuka Gérard, Bugingo Justin, Munyurabatware Védaste, Egide, Dismas n’abandi. Interahamwe zitoreje kandi mu Kizika ku kibuga hafi yo kwa Somayire Célestin.

Kurimbuzu Vincent asobanura ko ibikorwa byo gutoza Interahamwe mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo byari bihagarariwe na Rubayita Pascal, Bideri Augustin na Murengezi Cyprien bafatanyije na Sergent Major Bikomagu. Murengezi Cyprien yari umwe mu bavuga rikijyana muri komini ku buryo nta kintu na kimwe cyakorwaga burugumesitiri atabanje kumugisha inama.248

- Muri Komini Gishoma

Kubera ko Komini Gishoma yari yiganjemo abarwanashyaka ba MDR, MRND idakomeye cyane, urubyiruko rwa MRND rwatoranyijwe rwatorejwe hamwe n’Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi mu Bugarama. Mu batojwe harimo Rwakana Vénant, Mudeyi Félicien, Manzi Eugène, Mazizi, Sebyinshi Razaro n’abandi. Hari kandi Interahamwe zagiye kwitoreza i

247 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUTERANA Thaddée mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017.248 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KURIMBUZU Vincent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017.

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Nyarushishi zirimo Muganda Viateur na Mahanga bo muri Segiteri Nyenji n’abandi. Uretse abagiye kwitoreza mu Bugarama n’i Nyarushishi, hari Interahamwe zitoreje hafi ya komini ahitwa muri Pinus, batozwa na Raphael afatanyije n’abapolisi ba Komini. Interahamwe zatorejwe kandi mu kibaya cya Gatabuvuga aho bahabwaga imyitozo ijyanye no gutera ibyuma. Bitozeraga na none mu ishyamba rya Nyiramihanda ku Munyinya no muri Nyabyunyu hagati ya Rukunguri na Birembo. Ibikorwa byo gutoza Interahamwe muri Komini Gishoma byari bihagarariwe na Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome afatanyije na Rwakana Vénant wari Perezida wa MRND ku rwego rwa Komini Gishoma.249

- Muri Komini Nyakabuye

Muri Komini Nyakabuye Interahamwe zaho nyinshi zagiye kwitoreza mu Bugarama. Urutonde rw’Interahamwe zagiye kwitoreza mu Bugarama ziturutse muri Nyakabuye rwakozwe na Ephrem mwene Ndagiwenimana Pascal. Abaturukaga muri Nyamaronko bo bandikwaga na Niyibizi. Uretse mu Bugarama Interahamwe zo muri Komini Nyakabuye zitoreje kandi i Nyarushishi muri Nkungu ndetse no ku mashuri ya Nyakabwende. Interahamwe zitoreje kandi mu ishyamba rya Nyirandakunze bahigira kurasa. Interahamwe zitoreje na none ku kibuga cyo mu Mashesha batozwa n’aba réservistes barimo André na mwene Kimonyo wari umujandarume, Nzeyimana na Musirikari Pacifique. Interahamwe zitoreje kandi mu ishyamba rya Cyamudongo zitozwa n’aba réservistes barimo Habyarimana, Alphred, Rugira n’abandi. Nyuma yo guhabwa imyitozo Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi kimwe n’izo muri Nyakabuye zahabwaga umwambaro w’igitenge wari ugenewe Interahamwe hamwe n’ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi birimo cyane cyane inkota.250

- Muri Komini Bugarama

Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zitoreje ku Kibuga cya Muganza, ku kibuga cya CIMERWA, ku kibuga cyo ku Ibarabara rya II, ku kibuga cyo ku Ibarabara rya 4, mu kigo cya Pera,

249 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIKUZE Nicole mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2017250 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Jean Bosco mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017

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ku kibuga cya Gakoni, i Kibangira no ku Ibarabara rya 9. Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zitoreje kandi ku Ibarabara rya VIII, no mu nsina za Yusufu Munyakazi aho bigiraga gutera inkota. Umubare munini mu Nterahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi ukaba wari ugizwe n’urubyiruko rwakomokaga muri Segiteri Muhehwe hejuru ya Muganza.251

Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zakoraga imyitozo buri munsi kuva mu 1993. Zahabwaga imyitozo n’abasirikare n’abajandarume bari mu itsinda ryari rikambitse hafi y’inzu ya Munyakazi Yusufu mu Bugarama. Mu batangaga imyitozo harimo Lt Nduwamungu afatanyije na Ndutiye Athanase bitaga Tarake Aziz Makuza.252 Abasirikare bakomeye barimo Colonel Nsabimana John, Colonel Singirankabo Claudien w’i Mutimasi muri Cyimbogo na bo bazaga rimwe na rimwe kugenzura no gutanga imyitozo kuri izo Nterahamwe. Mu gutangira imyitozo, Interahamwe zifashishaga ibiti byabajwe bigahabwa ishusho y’imbunda. Muri Werurwe 1994 ni bwo Interahamwe zatangiye guhabwa imyitozo bakoresheje imbunda nyazo cyane cyane mu gihe babaga bigishwa kurasa. Imyitozo yo kurasa yaberaga mu ishyamba rya Nyirandakunze ryari muri Komini Nyakabuye mu ntera igera ku birometero 35 uvuye mu Bugarama.

Nk’uko Nikuze Nicolas witabiriye imyitozo mu Bugarama abisobanura, Interahamwe zitozanyaga akanyamuneza kandi byari byarabaye akazi gasanzwe. Mbere yo kujya mu myitozo babanzaga kujya kwa Yusufu Munyakazi iwe mu rugo kunywa igikoma no kurya, hari n’igihe imyitozo yarangira bakahaha amafaranga.253

- Muri Komini Karengera

Muri Komini Karengera Interahamwe zatoranyijwe zajyaga kwitoreza mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe muri Nyabinjanga zitozwa na Nyandwi Christophe wari waravuye mu gisirikare. Interahamwe zitoreje kandi kuri Komini Karengera ku kibuga

251 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya GISHOMA Jean Berchmans mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 27 Ukwakira 2017252 Tarake Aziz yari asanzwe ari Agronome muri koperative ya CAVECUVI, akodesha mu mazu ya MUNYAKAZI Yusufu mbere y’uko umutwe w’Interahamwe ujyaho.

253 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIKUZE Nicole mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2017

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cy’umupira cya Rwiyamirira no kuri CERAI i Mwezi batozwa na Mbarushimana Léo wo muri Karengera-muri Higiro, Rusisibiranya Augustin na Polcalpe w’i Gihaya mwene Kayibanda. Nyuma y’imyitozo isanzwe bajyaga kwiga kurasa mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe ahitwa Tangaro na Nyabinjanga. Kurasa babyigishwaga n’abapolisi ba Komini barimo Bizimungu na Ndatsikira Innocent. Abarangije imyitozo Busunyu Michel wari Perezida wa MRND ku rwego rwa komini yahitaga abaha umwambaro w’igitenge wari waragenewe Interahamwe ugizwe n’ipantaro, ishati n’ingofero.254

Hari kandi itsinda ry’Interahamwe ryari rikuriwe na Tabaro Dismas zitoreje muri Nyamuhunga hafi yo kwa Sebipfuko. Interahamwe zitoreje na none ku mashuri ya Rwabidege no ku mashuri i Mwezi batozwa na Ndatsikira Innocent wari warabaye mu gisirikare.255

Mu Murenge wa Butare Interahamwe zaho zari zikuriwe na Nsengumuremyi Adrien zitoreje ku gasozi ka Kareba i Nyabitimbo no mu Mburamazi, batozwa n’abasirikari babaga kuri Paruwasi ya Nyabitimbo no ku musozi wa Nyabitimbo. Bitorezaga kandi ku musozi wa Nyabitimbo batozwa n’abajandarume.256

Mu Murenge wa Gikundamvura Interahamwe zitoreje muri Kizura ubundi zikajya mu Bugarama kwa Yusufu. Mu Bweyeye ho Interahamwe ziyobowe na Ntawutazamutora Philipe na Ayobahorana Jonas bitaga Gisangani wari umucuruzi zitoreje muri Nyungwe mu kigo cya Kiyabo batozwa n’abajandarume. Interahamwe zitoreje kandi ku kibuga cy’umupira cya Bweyeye. Kurasa babyigiraga muri Nyungwe ahitwa mu Gasare.257

- Muri Komini Gisuma

Muri Komini Gisuma Interahamwe zitoreje ku kibuga cya Shariyo kiri mu ishyamba ry’Uruganda rw’Icyari rwa Shagasha. Imyitozo yatangwaga n’abasirikare. Nsabimana Callixte wari Directeur w’Uruganda rwa Shagasha yakurikiranaga imyitozo umunsi ku wundi afatanyije na Léonard hamwe

254 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUDAHUNGA Jean Berchmans mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ukwakira 2017255 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NATETE Fulgence mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 11 Ugushyingo 2017256 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUDAHUNGA Jean Berchmans mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2017257 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NYIRINKINDI Augustin mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 30 Ukwakira 2017

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na Semondo Alphonse.258 Interahamwe zatorezwaga kandi kuri Komini Gisuma buri wa kane. Hari kandi Interahamwe zitoreje i Nyagatare, Mutimasi na Runyanzovu. Hari na none Interahamwe zaturukaga muri Gisuma zikajya kwitoreza i Nyarushishi hamwe n’impunzi z’Abarundi zahabaga mu nkambi. Interahamwe zitoreje kandi ku musozi wa Kidashira mu ishyamba rya Bisanana. Interahamwe zitoreje na none mu ishyamba rya Mugorore batozwa na Katamobwa Etienne. Ibikorwa by’Interahamwe byakurikiranwaga na Mizirikano Modetse wari umupolisi.259

- Muri Komini Gafunzo

Muri Komini Gafunzo Interahamwe zitoreje mu kibuga cya Komini zigishwa na burigadiye wa Komini Sekanyambo Philipe. Hari kandi izitoreje ku kibuga cy’umupira w’amaguru i Mukoma, imyitozo ikaba yaratangwaga na Sebuturugu Joseph wari warabaye umusirikari. Interahamwe zitoreje kandi i Ntendezi.260 Gafunzo yagiraga kandi Interahamwe zagiye kwitoreza i Nyarushishi hamwe n’impunzi z’Abarundi zahabaga mu nkambi.

- Muri Komini Kagano

Muri Komini Kagano Interahamwe zitoreje mu kibuga cy’umupira w’amaguru cyo mu Mataba, ku kibuga cy’umupira w’amaguru muri Ninzi i Mubumbano no mu kibuga cya Nyamasheke. Hari kandi abahuriraga ku Buhinga, bakajya kwitoreza i Ntendezi n’i Kamembe. Ibikorwa byo gutoza Interahamwe muri Komini Kagano byakurikiranwaga na Rurangangabo Pascal wari waravuye mu gisirikare afatanyije na Sewabeza Jean Pierre wabaye Burugumesitiri wa Komini, aba umunyamabanga muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu na Visi Perezida w’Ishyaka CDR rizwiho kugira ubukana bwo gushishikariza Abahutu kwica Abatutsi mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

258 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NAMBAJIMANA Donat mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2017259 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NKURUNZIZA Chaste mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ugushyingo 2017.260 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZIRIRANE Pascal mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 2017

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Sewabeza Jean Pierre akaba yarakatiwe igifungo cya burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.261

- Muri Komini Kirambo

Muri Komini Kirambo Interahamwe zitoreje kuri Komini Kirambo no mu Kibuga cyo mu Kirambo mu ishyamba rya Rwakina batozwa na Nkirabatware Siméon, Kayumba Fidèle na Mateke bari aba reservistes, Singirankabo agenuraga imikorere yazo.262 Interahamwe za Komini Kirambo zitoreje kandi mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe ahitwa mu Rutabanzogera ndetse n’i Pindura mu Gasare bigishwa gukoresha imbunda. Mu bagiye gutorezwa muri Nyungwe harimo abakozi b’ikigo cya Kamatsira boherejwe na Mbonyimana Félicien wari Perezida wa MRND muri Komini Kirambo akanayobora icyo kigo. Mu bo yohereje harimo Nsekeyukunze Pierre Célestin, Nsabikunze Thomas, Ntakirutimana Boniface, Ndamyumugaba Damien, Feza n’abandi. Imyitozo bayihabwaga mu gihe cy’amezi atatu, batozwa n’abavuye mu girisikare barimo Kayumba Fidèle, Mateke n’abandi.263

- Muri Komini Gatare

Muri Komini Gatare Interahamwe zitoreje mu ishyamba ryari hafi y’ibiro bya komini. Batozwaga n’abavuye mu girisikare barimo Ntabareshya, Kizungu, Kagoma, Jean, ndetse na Modeste wari burigadiye wa Komini.264 Hari kandi abagiye kwitoreza mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe hamwe n’Interahamwe za Komini Kirambo.

4.4. Gutanga ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare no mu baturage

Mu rwego rwo gushyira mu bikorwa icyifuzo cyatanzwe na Perezida wa Repubulika ku birebana n’umutekano w’igihugu aho yasabye ko « Abaturage bagomba guhabwa ibikoresho biboneye kandi bihagije byo kurwana ku busugire bw’igihugu

261 Urubanza N° RPAA 0015/15 /CS, 22 Ukuboza, 2017.262 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUNYAMBIBI Godefroid mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017263 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAKUNZIBAKE Viateur mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 18 Ugushyingo 2017264 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTIRUSEKANWA Donatien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2017

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ku buryo nta muntu uzongera gutinyuka gutera Igihugu mu bihe biri imbere », inama yo ku wa 9 Nyakanga 1991 yabereye muri Etat Major y’ingabo z’igihugu iyobowe na Minisitiri muri Perezidansi ya Repubulika ushinzwe umutekano Ndindirimana Augustin yemeje ko uburyo bwo gushyira mu bikorwa icyo cyifuzo buhari, ishimangira itangwa ry’intwaro mu baturage. Ni muri urwo rwego abayobozi ba gisivili na gisirikare bahaye urubyiruko rwashyizwe mu mitwe yitwara gisirikare intwaro zirimo imbunda, za grenades n’intwaro gakondo byifashishijwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994.

Umugambi wo gutanga imbunda mu baturage watangiye witwa « Auto-défense civile ». Ku rwego rw’igihugu ibikorwa bya « Auto-défense civile » byayoborwaga na Colonel Athanase Gasake, agafatanya n’abandi bashyizweho muri buri perefegitura. Mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ibikorwa bya « Auto-défense civile » byayoborwaga na Colonel Singirankabo Claudien wakomokaga i Mutimasi mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

Kuva mu mpera zo mu 1993 no mu ntangirio zo mu 1994, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda n’ingabo zayo ntibishimiye ibyemejwe mu masezerano ya Arusha maze bongera ingufu mu bikorwa byo gutegura Jenoside harimo gukaza imyitozo y’Interahamwe no kuziha intwaro.

Gutanga imbunda mu baturage byifujwe bikomeye na Yusufu Munyakazi ubwo bari mu butumwa bw’akazi mu Ruhengeri muri Komini Butaro, aho bari basuye impunzi zakuwe mu byabo n’intambara. Nk’uko raporo y’ubutumwa iri ku mugereka ibigaragaza, Munyakazi Yusufu wari umwe mu ntumwa za Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yihanganishije impunzi, maze mu ijambo rye ashimangira ko abategetsi bakwiye kwiga ukuntu abaturage bo ku mupaka bahabwa imbunda nti bakomeze kuvogerwa n’Inkotanyi. Munyakazi Yusufu yasobanuye ko abasore bafite ingufu ari benshi, ko buri serire ikwiye kugira abasore bahuguwe mu kurashisha imbunda kandi bakazihabwa.265 Ibyo Munyakazi Yusufu yavugiye mu Ruhengeri ni na byo yifuzaga ko byakorwa iwabo i Cyangugu kubera ko na bo bari batuye ku mupaka kandi afite Interahamwe

265 Ibaruwa No0238/04.17.02 yo ku wa 18 Gashyantare 1992 Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu KAGIMBANGABO Andereya yandikiye Minisitiri w’Imirimo n’imibereho myiza y’Abaturage amugezaho raporo y’ubutumwa mu Ruhengeri muri Komini Butaro ku wa 6 Gashyantare 1992.

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yatoje bihagije. Nta kindi cyari gisigaye rero uretse guhabwa imbunda maze bakitegura gushyirwa mu bikorwa Jenoside.

Ibikorwa byo gukwirakwiza imbunda n’ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi mu Nterahamwe no mu baturage muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu byakozwe n’ubuyobozi bwa gisivili kuva ku rwego rwa perefegitura kugera ku rwego rwa komini, bafatanyije n’inzego za gisirikari na jandarumori. Mu bagarukwaho cyane n’abatangabuhamya harimo LT Samuel Imanishimwe wari umuyobozi w’ikigo cya gisirikare cya Cyangugu (Camp Karambo), Majoro Gd. Munyarugerero Vincent wari umuyobozi wa jandarumori ya Cyangugu kugera muri Mata 1994, Nyandwi Christophe wari ukuriye Interahamwe ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Yusufu Munyakazi wari ukuriye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama n’abandi. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Kayumba Sébastien, hashyizweho kandi itsinda rishinzwe kujya kuzana imbunda i Kigali rigizwe na Kimputu Salomon wari umucuruzi ukomeye i Kamembe, Bakundukize Elias wari umucuruzi ukomeye mu Bugarama, Consolate n’abashoferi barimo Habiyambere Antoine na Muhamed. Bazanaga imbunda mu modoka ya minibus bakazishyikiriza ba burugumesitiri, nabo bakaziha Interahamwe.266

Muri Kamembe ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi birimo imbunda n’amasasu, gerenade, intwaro gakondo hamwe n’imyenda y’Interahamwe byatanzwe na Lt Imanishimwe Samuel, Ncamihigo Siméon, Lizinde Haruna wari Agronome kuri Perefegitura, Bareberaho Bantali Lypa, Marizuku Safari, Kimputu Salomon, Mubumbyi Manassé, Sgt Gahutu Théogène, Gatange, Uwabuzake Bosco, Nyandwi Christophe, Bandetse Edouard n’abandi. Mu bahawe ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi muri Komini Kamembe harimo Kanyarukiko Kasimu wahawe imbunda, umuheto n’ubuhiri, Gifera wo mu Kannyogo, Muzindutsi wavugaga ko imbunda bazikuye ku Kibuga cy’indege cya Kamembe bazihawe mu nama bakoreshejwe na Nyandwi Christophe, Ndagijimana Tharcisse wo ku Rusunyu wari ukuriye Interahamwe z’i Kabutembo yahawe gerenade, Mukene Pascal Ajida yahawe imbunda n’amasasu, Iyakaremye Pascal yahawe imbunda n’amasasu, Musemakweli Joseph yahawe imbunda

266 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sébastien mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2017.

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n’amasasu, Sinasebeje Faustin Gasenga yahawe gerenade, Kanyota Joseph Nzamwita yahawe imbunda n’amasasu, Nyandwi Alexandre yahawe imbunda n’amasasu, Uwimana yahawe imbunda, Rutanga yahawe imbunda, Harindintwari Jean yahawe imbunda, Frère JMV Fils yahawe imbunda, Nsababera Faustin yahawe imbunda, Masumbuko Martin yahawe imbunda, n’abandi. Hari n’abandi benshi bagiraga ibikoresho gakondo birimo ubuhiri n’inkota. Muri bo harimo Habimana Vincent, Ngiruwonsanga Dieudonné, Sibomana Baptiste na Bangamwabo Lazaro bagiraga ubuhiri. Hari kandi Bavugamenshi wagiraga nta mpongano, Mitunu wagiraga inkota, Bwarayaze John wagiraga inkota na nta mpongano, Nabonibo Edmond wagiraga inkota n’imbunda, Singayumuheto wagiraga inkota n’ubuhiri, Kanyandege Gratien wagiraga inkota, Twagiramungu Thomas wagiraga ubuhiri na gerenade n’abandi.267

Muri Komini Cyimbogo ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi byatanzwe n’abantu batandukanye barimo abayobozi ba Komini, abari bahagarariye Interahamwe hamwe na Cyamukungu Martin, Ndamijimana Lazare watanze imbunda, Gahutu Théogène watanze gerenade n’abandi. Mpakaniye Siméon na Nkikabahizi Jean Kayifa bo batanze essence yo gutwika amazu. Mu bahawe ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi harimo Bugingo wahawe imbunda, Jacques wahawe imbunda, Bizimana wo ku Misiyo wari warabaye umusirikari wahawe imbunda, Mazimpaka Samuel Janvier wahawe imbunda, Mukama Gérard wahawe gerenade, Sinasebeje Faustin wahawe gerenade, Gatera Vital wahawe imbunda na gerenade, Twagirayezu Aimable wahawe gerenade, Dusabeyezu Consile wahawe gerenade, Kadenderi Martin wahawe gerenade, Haguma Trojan wahawe imbunda n’abandi.268

Muri Komini Gishoma ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi byiganjemo imbunda byatanzwe na Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome afatanyije n’abapolisi ba komini. Mu bahawe imbunda harimo Kayibanda Narcisse mwene Ntamuhanga, Ntawiha, Raphael wo

267 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagali ka GATOVU, Umurenge wa KAMEMBE, Akarere ka RUSIZI.268 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagali ka MURANGI, Umurenge wa

GIHUNDWE B, Akarere ka RUSIZI. Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagali ka RUGANDA, Umurenge wa GIHUNDWE B, Akarere ka RUSIZi.

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muri Rusayo, Rubibi Jean Marie, Baptiste na Mugarura bari abajandarume batozaga Interahamwe, bahawe imyenda imbunda ndetse na gerenade n’abandi.

Muri Komini Bugarama imbunda zahawe Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi harimo Ndutiye Athanase bitaga Tarake Aziz Makuza, Mugunda Thomas w’i Muhehwe n’abandi. Imbunda zatanzwe na Yusufu Munyakazi na Sebatware Marcel wayoboraga uruganda rwa CIMERWA. Muri Komini Nyakabuye igikorwa cyo gutanga imbunda cyatangiye kare nk’uko bigaragara mu nyandikomvugo y’inama yayobowe na Superefe Segasagara Faustin ku wa 5 Werurwe 1991, aho hafashwe umwanzuro wo guha abategetsi imbunda zibafasha kwitabira no kubungabunga umutekano, inama yemeza ko inzego zibishinzwe zikwiye guhita zibishyira mu bikorwa. Hemejwe kandi ko buri komini igomba kuba yujuje inzu babikamo imbunda nibura mbere y’itariki ya 7 Werurwe 1991 kandi bagashaka uko zitakwangirika bazibika neza mu buryo bwa gisirikare.269 Aha umuntu akaba yakwibaza impamvu inama yemeje ko abategetsi bagomba guhabwa imbunda zo kurinda umutekano mu gihe hari inzego zishinzwe kurinda umutekano zifashishije imbunda. Umuntu yakwibaza kandi impamvu imbunda zigomba kubikwa kuri komini kandi hari ibigo bya gisirikare na jandarumori byakabaye ari byo bizibika. Muri Komini Karengera imbunda zahawe abantu batandukanye kugera no mu Bweyeye aho uwitwa Buregeya Alphonse yahawe gerenade n’abandi.

Muri Komini Gisuma imbunda zahawe Kabera Pie, Ndayambaje, Uwimana Jean Marie Vianney, Kwakuzi Philipe, Ngarukiye Emmanuel n’abandi. Nsabimana Callixte yatanze kandi komande mu bacuzi bo mu Biguzi abasaba kumucurira ubuhiri n’amacumu, barangije izo ntwaro barazimushyikiriza arazibika. Mu gihe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa Nsabimana Callixte yafashe bwa buhiri n’amacumu abihereza insoresore 37 yari yarashyizeho, buri wese ahabwa icumu n’ubuhiri.270 Izo nsoresore zirirwaga kuri bariyeri zari

269 Ibaruwa No124/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 5 Werurwe 1991 Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Bugumya SEGASAGARA Faustin yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho inyandiko mvugo y’inama y’umutekano yo ku wa 28 Gashyantare 1991.

270 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RURANGIRWA Léo mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 31Ukwakira 2017.

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zikikije uruganda rwa Shagasha zifite ibyo bikoresho zahawe. Ninjoro bongererwaga ingufu bagakorana n’abafite imbunda barimo Kabera, Habineza Victoire, Iyakaremye wo muri Mwezi n’abandi.271

Muri Komini Gafunzo imbunda zahawe abantu benshi barimo Uburiyemuye Epimaque bitaga PIMA wari ukuriye itsinda ry’Interahamwe rikomeye ryo mu Murenge wa Nyabitekeri ryagize uruhare mu kwica Abatutsi muri Komini Gafunzo na Kagano.

Muri Komini Kirambo imbunda zahawe Nsekeyukunze Pierre Célestin, Ntakirutimana Boniface, Feza n’abandi. Muri rusange imbunda zahabwaga cyane cyane abavuye mu gisirikare (réservistes) babaga hafi mu makomini yose. Zahabwaga kandi Interahamwe zatoranyijwe rugikubita zijya gufatira amahugurwa hirya no hino mu bigo bya gisirikare nyuma zivayo zihawe inshingano zo kujya mu makomini yabo na bo bakigisha urubyiruko rwaho. Izo mbunda hamwe n’izabaga zifitwe n’abapolisi ba komini ndetse n’izatanzwe n’inzego za gisirikare mu bice barimo ni zo zifashishijwe mu kwica Abatutsi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

4.5. Gutegura amalisiti y’Abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa

Kuva ku itariki ya 21 Nzeri 1992 ubuyobozi bw’ingabo z’u Rwanda bwatanze amabwiriza yo gukwirakwiza mu ngabo zose inyandiko yasobanuraga «umwanzi» igihugu gifite. Muri iyo nyandiko hasobanurwaga ko umwanzi w’ibanze ari: « Umututsi uri imbere mu gihugu cyangwa hanze yacyo, w’intagondwa kandi ufite inyota y’ubutegetsi, utarigeze yemera cyangwa utemera ibyiza bya Revolisiyo ya rubanda yo mu wa 1959, akaba ashaka kwisubiza ubutegetsi mu Rwanda akoresheje uburyo ubwo ari bwo bwose, harimo no gukoresha intwaro». Naho umwanzi wo mu rwego rwa kabiri ni « umuntu wese ufasha umwanzi w’ibanze». Iyo nyandiko yasobanuraga neza ko umwanzi ashaka abayoboke mu bice bimwe by’abaturage nk’«Abatutsi bari imbere mu gihugu, Abahutu batishimiye ubutegetsi buriho, abanyamahanga bashakanye n’Abatutsikazi, ...». Iyo nyandiko yashinjaga umwanzi ibikorwa birimo: «kujijisha rubanda barubwira

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ko ikibazo atari icy’amoko, ko ahubwo ari icyo mu rwego rw’ubukungu n’imibereho myiza y’abaturage kiri hagati y’abakire n’abakene ». Iyo nyandiko ubwayo n’uburyo yakoreshejwe byafashije kwimakaza urwango n’ibikorwa by’urugomo bishingiye ku moko.

Amabwiriza yasohowe muri iyo nyandiko yatanze uruhushya rusesuye ku muntu wese rwo kwica Umututsi kandi ntibigire inkurikizi kuko byari byasobanuwe ko ari “umwanzi”. Ibyo kandi ntibyari bishya kuko byari bimaze igihe. Itegeko rya munani mu mategeko 10 y’Abahutu nk’uko yanditswe na Kangura No 6 yo mu Ukuboza 1990 ryavugaga ko : “Bibujijwe kugirira impuhwe Umututsi”. Iyo usesenguye iryo tegeko usanga barashakaga kuvuga ko Umututsi uri mu byago utagomba kumugoboka, Umututsi urengana ntumurenganure, utatse ntatabarwe. Mu byukuri, ibyo byerekanaga neza umugambi wa Jenoside wo kurimbura Abatutsi.

Ayo mabwiriza amaze kumenyeshwa ubuyobozi bwose bw’igihugu mu nzego za gisivili na gisirikare, yashimangiye urwango, hategurwa urutonde rw’Abatutsi bagombaga kwicwa hirya no hino mu makomini kuko bari abanzi.

Muri Komini Kamembe, Burugumesitiri Mubirigi Jean Napoléon yakoresheje inama kuri Komini yari yatumiwemo inzego zose zakoreraga muri komini harimo abahagarariye Interahamwe, abahagarariye amashyaka, ba konseye bose, ba resiponsabure n’abaserire. Burugumesitiri yatanze ubutumwa ko « igihugu cyatewe n’abanzi kandi ko bari muri twe, ndetse ko hari n’amashyaka akorana n’abanzi, bityo ko buri muntu agomba gushishikara no kumenya uwo ari we”. Nk’uko byemezwa na Nsengiyumva Aloys wari muri iyo nama, Burugumesitiri yahise asaba buri muntu kugenda agakora urutonde rw’Abatutsi akarumugeza ho.272

Muri Komini Nyakabuye, Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Bugumya Nsengimana Etienne hamwe na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye Nsengumuremyi Diogène bakoresheje inama yabereye i Murambi ku mashuri muri Segiteri Nyakabuye, muri Mutarama 1994. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Sinzabakwira Jean Bosco, Superefe yavuze mu buryo bweruye ati: “Mwa Bahutu mwe mugire ubwenge, izo Nkotanyi muri kumva zateye i Byumba

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na hano zirahari, nimutagira ubwenge ngo murwanye izo muri kubona, ntituzashobora n’izo ziri ku rugamba, rero ndasaba ko mwadukorera lisiti y’Inkotanyi ziri mu giturage kugira ngo tuzarwane na zo tuzizi”.273

Muri Komini Bugarama, lisiti y’abagombaga kwicwa yakorewe mu nama yabereye ku Mugano kwa Ndorimana Casimir wari Directeur Technique muri CIMERWA. Mu bitabiriye iyo nama harimo Ndorimana Casimir wari wayitumije, Habyarimana Aloys wakoraga muri CIMERWA, David wari umukuru w’abazamu, umusaza witwaga Daniel, Harorimana Martin n’abandi benshi.274

Muri Komini Kirambo, Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias yatangiye akora lisiti y’abantu bagomba kwicwa mbere y’abandi avuga ko barwanya ubutegetsi kandi ko bakorana n’Inkotanyi. Mu bashyizwe kuri iyo lisiti harimo Gatera bitaga icyitso cy’Inyenzi, Azarias Munyankindi wigishaga i Kibogora, Hakiba Jonathan wabaga muri MDR, Musonera Philippe wakoraga akazi ko gufotora, Semandwa Célestin, Kayihura umuhungu wa Semandwa, Bitunguramye Pierre wabaga muri MDR, Ntezirembo Vénérand, Agronome Mahinda, Veterinaire Laurent, Kabirigi Casmir, Agronome Rugirangoga Aloys, Kabaya Augustin wari umucuruzi n’abandi.275

Uretse komini zavuzwe haruguru, lisiti z’Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa zakozwe hirya no hino mu makomini yose no mu masegiteri, bigizwemo uruhare n’abategetsi bo mu nzego z’ibanze bafatanyije n’Interahamwe zari zaramaze gutegurwa, zitegereje gusa imbarutso yo gutangira gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside.

4.6. Gushyiraho bariyeri ziciweho Abatutsi mu 1994

Kuva mu 1990, ubwo RPF-Inkotanyi yatangizaga urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, hashyizweho bariyeri abaturage birirwagaho bakanaziraraho babyita gucunga umutekano. Izo bariyeri zagenzurwaga n’abategetsi barimo ba

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burugumesitiri, konseye, resiponsabule n’abaserire. N’ubwo zashyizweho byitwa ko ari ukwirindira umutekano, hari Abatutsi benshi bagiye bazifatirwaho bagashinyagurirwa babita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi ku buryo igihe cyageze bakajya birinda kuzinyuraho batinya kugirirwa nabi. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yatangiraga gushyirwa mu bikorwa, bariyeri zarongerewe, zishyirwa ahantu henshi kugira ngo hatagira Umututsi ubasha guhunga.

Muri Komini Kamembe, bariyeri yabaga kuri Paruwasi ya Nkanka iyobowe na Nyemera Evariste, hari iyabaga mu Gatsiro kuri Komini iyobowe na Bantu Jean alias Ruteruzi afatanyije na Télesphore Bigoshi, hari iyabaga mu Rugabano rwa Kiyumba na Nkanka iyobowe na Nzaramba François afatanyije na Mudeyi Théodore, hari iyabaga mu rugabano rwa Rusunyu na Nkanka ikuriwe na Ndagijimana Tharcisse alias Kiyovu. Bariyeri yabaga kandi i Muhari ku Iperu iyobowe na Habiyambere Isidore, Kanyanzoga, Gahinga Hamisi, Cyimana Christophe, Mugirwanake Bénoit alias Kayibanda n’abandi. Hari iyabaga kuri segiteri ya Gihundwe iyobowe na Hangariya Ladislas, iyabaga i Murambi kwa Kaje mu Buganda iyobowe na Semivumbi, Nyamurara na Ndekezi. Indi bariyeri yabaga ku Rwahi ariko nyuma ivanwaho. Bariyeri yabaga kandi muri Kangazi (i Kabutembo) iyobowe na Mudeyi Théodore na Ndagijimana Tharcisse. Ku kirwa cya Nkombo bariyeri yabaga kwa Rurihose Faustin muri Rwoga iyobowe na Rumwanga afatanyije na Nkuru.

Mu Mujyi wa Kamembe bariyeri yabaga ku muhanda wa I (ku rya mbere) iyobowe na Kasimu, iyabaga ku muhanda wa IV (ku rya IV) iyobowe na Ngeza. Hari bariyeri yabaga kandi ku isoko rya Kamembe. Bariyeri yari ikomeye cyane mu Mujyi wa Kamembe yabaga ahitwa ku Cyapa ku muhanda wa Kaburimbo. Yari yarashyizweho ubwo FPR- Inkotanyi yatangizaga urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu mu Ukwakira 1990, ikaba yari yiganjeho abajandarume. Jenoside itangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, iyo bariyeri yahise ijyaho n’Interahamwe zikorana n’abajandarume, maze iyoborwa n’Interahamwe yitwaga Mvuyekure Vincent alias Tourné wakomokaga mu Nyagatare. Iyo bariyeri yavuyeho Guverinoma y’Abatabazi ihungiye muri Kongo muri Nyakanga 1994.

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Hari kandi bariyeri yabaga mu Kadashya iyobowe na Munyandamutsa Petero alias Pressé. Iyo bariyeri yari ku muhanda wa Kaburimbo ifite intego yo kubuza impunzi kujya kuri Stade. Ikaba yaragize uruhare mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi benshi bayifatirwagaho bagerageza guhungira muri Kongo. Hari na none bariyeri yabaga mu Kadasomwa ku muhanda werekeza kuri Stade yayoborwaga na Magumu wo muri Cité i Kamembe, Kayumba Djuma wari Resiponsabule na Iyamuremye Komini wari Umukanishi n’abandi. Hari na none bariyeri yaguyeho abantu benshi yo kwa Pendeza yari mu ikorosi ryerekeza ku Kibuga cy’indege cya Kamembe, mu masanganiro y’imihanda ituruka Kamembe, ku Rusizi no ku Kibuga cy’indege, ikaba yari ikuriwe na Baudouin Jean Marie Vianney wo mu Kannyogo i Kamembe, ariko ikagenzurwa na Nyandwi Christophe.

Muri Gatovu hari bariyeri yabaga ku giti munsi y’inzu ya Kanyota yashyizweho na Sgt Gahutu Théogene wari umujandarume, Gasigisi Thomas, Bahiriho Bosco, Mukene Pascal n’abandi. Iyo bariyeri yiciweho Kabera Emmanuel, Kagisha n’abandi. Hari kandi bariyeri yari muri Pindura kwa Kabirigi Callixte na yo yashyizweho na Sgt Gahutu Théogene na Habufite Thaddée yiciweho Ukurikiyimfura Fidèle, Nyagasaza Vianney n’abandi. Bariyeri yabaga kandi ku Mundima iyobowe na Nyandwi Alexandre, Kayigire Théoneste, Nangwahafi Ildephonse n’abandi. Mu biciwe kuri iyo bariyeri harimo Kanyabukavu, Batsinduka, Munyurangabo, Cyprien n’abandi. Bariyeri yabaga na none kwa Nabonibo Edmond igenzurwa na Nabonibo Edmond, Badaha, Rudasingwa n’abandi. Iyo bariyeri yiciweho Kaneza n’abandi.

Muri Komini Cyimbogo, bariyeri yabaga mu Gatandara ikuriwe na Mvuningoma, hari iyabaga i Mutongo ikuriwe na Nsengumuremyi Fréderic afatanyije na Nyikirehe Emmanuel. Indi yabaga ku Cyapa muri Nyakarenzo. Hari bariyeri yabaga mu Karangiro ikuriwe na Munyurabatware Védaste, indi ku Misiyo iyobowe na Bizimana Léonidas wari usanzwe atoza Interahamwe. Hari kandi bariyeri yabaga i Gihango iyobowe na Nzeyimana. Bariyeri yabaga kandi ahitwa mu Ibambiro iyobowe na Konseye Gakwaya Vianney, iyabaga mu Mashya iyobowe na Kanyeshyamba Joseph. Hari na none bariyeri yabaga ku Ngoro i Mibirizi, iyabaga

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ku ga “centre” ko ku Itorero, iyabaga ku Munyinya ahitwa mu Kamina iyobowe na Konseye Ndagijimana Pacome na mukuru we Bayavuge Epaphrodite n’ahandi.

Muri Komini Gishoma, bariyeri yabaga mu Makambi iyobowe na Alphonse, indi yabaga mu Irango, hari iyabaga Kamukobi, Kimbagiro iyobowe na Kayibanda, Rusisibiranya, Narcisse n’abandi. Hari iyabaga mu Mashesha iyobowe na Musirikari, iyabaga mu Kaboza ku Mubuga iyobowe na Muzungu, indi yari ku Cyapa iyobowe na Munyakazi n’ahandi.

Muri Komini Nyakabuye, bariyeri yabaga i Nyarushishi hafi y’ikigo cy’imyuga cya Marcel kuri Hangari (abazamu b’ikigo cya Marcel cyane cyane Coloneille n’abandi bagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwayikorewe ho). Bariyeri yabaga kandi ku Cyapa ugana ku Mashyuza no ku isoko rya Nyakabuye, mu Nyagatoni ugana kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi n’ahandi.

Muri Komini Bugarama, bariyeri yabaga i Rebero iyobowe na Bikamba Gasigwa, ku Mugano iyobowe na Macumu Joseph, no ku Gihundwe iyobowe na Muvakure Thomas na Tabaro. Hari bariyeri yabaga kandi ku ibarabara rya VIII, hari iyabaga hafi ya Komini iyobowe na Kamarade, iyaba ku isoko mu Gakoni, mu Kindobwe, kuri CIMERWA n’ahandi.

Muri Komini Karengera, bariyeri yabaga i Ntendezi iyobowe na Burigadiye wa Komini Mbanzarugamba Samuel.Iyo bariyeri yabagaho Interahamwe zitandukanye zirimo Vuningoma John, Barayavuze Elie wo muri Ruharambuga wari ufite imbunda, Muhutu Elysée n’abandi. Hari kandi bariyeri yabaga i Nyamuhunga iyobowe na Rujigo François, Ntagungira Anaclet na Hategekimana Gaspard bose bari abapolisi muri Karengera. Bariyeri yabaga kandi ku Cyapa hateraniraga abayoboke ba MDR bakuriwe na Nakure Charles. Hari iyabaga kuri Rond Point yo ku Kigo Nderabuzima cya Karengera, iyabaga i Gihinga iyobowe na Rutamu Viateur, iy’i Save iyobowe na Tabaro Dismas, Munyaneza Dionise na Haguma Thomas. Indi bariyeri yabaga muri Manzi iyobowe na Ngabidakenga, Gaëthan, Mutware Emmanuel na Matoroshi; indi yabaga mu Bigutu iyobowe na Nsengumuremyi na Anaclet. Hari iyabaga mu Mwaga iyobowe na Ndekezi Jean na Habiyambere Siméon, hari n’iyabaga kuri Shangazi n’ahandi.

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Muri Komini Gisuma, bariyeri yabaga ahitwa mu Mabanda ku ruganda i Shagasha iyobowe n’insoresore Nsabimana Callixte yari yaratoje yarazihaye n’ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi barimo Habineza Victoire, Kabera n’abandi. Bariyeri yabaga kandi Rwamiko haruguru y’uruganda nayo yakorwagaho n’insoresore za Nsabimana Callixte. Hari iyabaga kwa Kamuzinzi iyobowe na Semondo Alphonse, iyabaga i Giheke hafi y’umurenge, iyabaga mu Kidashira ahitwa mu Kiziba, iyabaga Gashirabwoba, iyabaga i Biguzi n’i Mwito ku muhanda wambuka ujya i Shangi, ndetse no mu Bushenge ku Mangazini n’ahandi. Muri Komini Gafunzo, bariyeri yabaga i Shangi iyobowe na Harerimana Bonaventure, hari iyabaga kuri Komini iyobowe n’abapolisi, i Gabiro iyobowe na Télesphore Kanyamuhanda n’ahandi.

Muri Komini Kagano, bariyeri yabaga imbere y’ibiro bya Komini Kagano, hari iyabaga ahahoze hakorera Superefegitura ya Rwesero ku Gataka iyobowe na Kodo wari waravuye mu gisirikare. Bariyeri yabaga kandi i Mutusa ku Kinini yari yarashyizweho ku mabwiriza ya Konseye Buranga Mélechias, iyobowe na Mutabazi Gaspard wari warabaye umusirikare, Rukundo, Minani, Bagiruwigize, Twagirayezu. Iyo bariyeri yabagaho Interahamwe zigizwe ahanini n’ibirara, ikaba yibukwa kuba yariciweho abafurere 3 n’abandi batutsi benshi barimo Cyiza Godelati, Kayijuka Alphonse, Kayitare Athanase, Kanamugire Célestin n’abana be babiri aribo Mahoro na Kobwa n’abandi. Hari kandi bariyeri yabaga ku ga centre ko mu Gisakura iyobowe na Masabo, Mbasharugamba na Nkurunziza Vénuste. Hari iyabaga ku mwinjiriro w’ishyamba rya Nyungwe yakorwagaho n’abakozi b’Uruganda rwa Gisakura, iyabaga ku Buhinga yirirwagaho Makambili, Gatete wo muri Bushekeli, Hategekimana Daniel alias Shitani, Bagaruka, Uwimana Gitare, Bizimungu, Rukundo Nyamutamira, Gatete, Nkoreyimana alias Banganga, Barinda, Nzabandora n’abandi. Bariyeri yabaga kandi mu Kagera iyobowe na Bitera Védaste afatanyije na Bitwayiki, ikaba yariciweho Abatutsi bari baturutse i Muvumbu bashaka guhungira kuri Paruwasi Gatolika i Nyamasheke, n’izindi.

Muri rusange, mu mugambi wo gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ababurugumesitiri ba komini zose bategetse ba konseye ba segiteri zose gushyiraho

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bariyeri kandi bagakurikirana imikorere yazo. Ibyo bikaba byarakozwe hagamijwe ko hatazagira Umututsi ucika. Inyinshi muri izo bariyeri ziciweho Abatutsi kuko ntawazinyuragaho aterekanye irangamuntu ye.

4.7. Uruhare rw’amashyaka mu gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo y’urwango no gushishikariza Abahutu kwitabira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Ubwo hatangiraga inkubiri y’amashyaka menshi mu Rwanda kuva mu mpera zo mu 1991, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yaranzwe no guhangana gukomeye hagati MRND, MDR na CDR ari na ko hibasirwa Abatutsi.

Amashyaka ya MDR na CDR amaze kuvuka mu 1991 yahise ayoborwa ku rwego rw’igihugu n’Abanyacyangugu. Ibyo byatumye ishyaka rya MRND rigira ikibazo cyo gutakaza abarwanashyaka benshi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Zimwe mu mpamvu zatumye MRND itakaza abarwanashyaka benshi twavuga ko Abanyacyangugu bafashe umwanzuro wo:

• Kuyoboka amashyaka ayoborwa na bene wabo b’Abanyacyangugu.

• Kuba MRND yarafatwaga nk’ ishyaka ry’Abakiga• Kumva ko habonetse umwanya wo kwifatira icyemezo

kubera ko MRND wayivukiragamo kandi ukayibamo nta mpaka

• Kurambirwa imikorere ishaje ya MRND • Kuba abakuze barumvise ko ari ngombwa kugaruka

ku mateka yabo ya MDR-PARMEHUTU nk’uko babikangurirwaga n’umuyobozi wayo Twagiramungu Faustin, wari umukwe wa Perezida Kayibanda washinze PARMEHUTU

• Kuba hari abashakaga urubuga rufite imbaraga, rwashoboraga gufasha mu guhindura politiki y’igihugu.

4.7.1. Mouvement Démocratique Républicain

Mu 1991, Twagiramungu Faustin wakomokaga i Cyangugu mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma yagize igitekerezo cyo kugarura

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MDR, ahita kandi ayibera Perezida ku rwego rw’igihugu. Kuyobora MDR Twagiramungu yabifashijwemo na Dr. Nsengiyaremye Dismas wabaye Visi perezida wa mbere, Karamira Frodouard wabaye Visi perezida wa kabiri akomoka i Gitarama muri Mushubati na Dr. Murego Donat wabaye Umunyamabanga Mukuru akomoka mu Ruhengeri. Twagiramungu yiyegereje kandi Gapyisi Emmanuel wabaye Perezida wa Komisiyo ya Politiki. Bombi bari abakwe ba Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire.

Twagiramungu Faustin yahise ashishikariza Abanya-cyangugu kwitabira ishyaka abereye umuyobozi, ishyaka yavugaga ko ari irya ba se na ba sekuru. Ibyo byatumye mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu MDR ishinga imizi, yigarurira imitima y’abaturage benshi mu makomini ya Gatare, Kirambo na Kagano (ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamasheke) ndetse na Cyimbogo, Gishoma na Nyakabuye (ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi). Twagiramungu Faustin yahise ashyiraho ubuyobozi bwa MDR ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu aho Serubyogo Zakariya yabaye umuyobozi wa MDR ku Rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Nk’uko byateganywaga n’amasezerano ya Arusha, umuyobozi wa MDR ku Rwego rwa Perefegitura yagombaga kuba depite uhagarariye MDR-Cyangugu mu Nteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Inzibacyuho. Rutihunza Théobard we yabaye Umunyamabanga n’Umubitsi ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

Nyuma yo gutangiza MDR, ishyaka byavugwaga ko ritavuga rumwe na MRND, Twagiramungu Faustin nta bwo yigeze ashobora kuriyobora neza. Abo bari bafatanyije bemeza ko yaranzwe no kwirata, gusuzugura no gufata ibyemezo atagishije inama biro. Ibyo byatumye kuya 23 na 24 Nyakanga 1993 haterana kongere idasanzwe yabereye i Kigali ku Kabusunzu, iyobowe na Dr. Nsengiyaremye Dismas wari Visi Perezida wa mbere maze ifata umwanzuro wo kwirukana Twagiramungu Faustin, asimburwa ku mwanya wa Perezida w’ishyaka na Visi Perezida wa mbere Dr. Nsengiyaremye Dismas. Kwirukana Twagiramungu Faustin byazanye umwuka mubi hagati y’abarwanashyaka ba MDR, bituma icikamo ibice bibiri, harimo igice cyiswe Amajyojyi basigaye ku ruhande rwa Twagiramungu, ikindi gice kinini cya MDR kiyoboka Nsengiyaremye na Karamira maze kiyoborwa na Karamira Frodouard wari usanzwe ari Visi Perezida.

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N’ubwo yari mu ishyaka ritavuga rumwe na MRND, ibitekerezo bya Karamira Frodouard nta ho byari bitandukaniye n’umurongo wa Perezida Habyarimana. Ibyo bigashimangirwa n’imbwirwaruhame Karamira Frodouard yatanze muri mitingi yo ku wa 23 Ukwakira 1993 yabereye i Kigali kuri Stade i Nyamirambo aho yasabye Abahutu bose guhaguruka bakarwanya umwanzi ubarimo. Karamira Frodouard yibukwa kuba muri iyo meeting ari bwo yadukanye igitekerezo cya Hutu Power276. Igitekerezo cyo gushyiraho Hutu power cyakiriwe neza maze gikwirakwira no mu yandi mashyaka yose byavugaga ko arwanya MRND. Hutu power ikaba yaragize uruhare rukomeye mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ifatanyije n’Interahamwe za MRND n’Impuzamugambi za CDR.

4.7.2. Impuzamugambi Ziharanira Repubulika

CDR imaze kwemezwa nk’ishyaka ku wa 16 Werurwe 1992 na Minisitiri Munyazesa Faustin, yatangiranye ubuyobozi bugizwe n’Umunyacyangugu Bucyana Martin wabaye Perezida kugira ngo ahangane na Twagiramungu Faustin wari umaze kwigarurira Abanyacyangugu benshi. Nahimana Théoneste aba Visi-Perezida wa mbere, Misago Rutegesha Antoine aba Visi-Perezida wa kabiri, Mugimba Jean Baptiste aba Umunyamabanga, Nzabandora Célestin aba ushinzwe Discipline na Avoka wa CDR, Higiro Célestin aba Ushinzwe Politiki, Akimanizanye Emmanuel aba Ushinzwe Ububanyi n’Amahanga, Uwamariya Béatrice aba Ushinzwe Umutungo, Imari n’Ingengo y’Imari, Hitimana Athanase aba Ushinzwe Igenamigambi, Imibereho myiza n’Uburezi na Simbizi Stanislas wabaye Ushinzwe Itangazamakuru, Umuco na Propagande. Barayagwiza Jean Bosco na Ngeze Hassan baba abajyanama b’ishyaka.277

Nyuma yo kwemerwa, ikinyamakuru Kangura cyasohoye Nimero Spécial yiswe « Tumenye manifeste na sitati z’amashyaka ya rubanda nyamwinshi ». Ayo mashyaka yavugwaga yarimo na CDR. Iyo Kangura Spécial ni yo yanditse Sitati ya CDR mu Gifaransa (p.3-7) no mu Kinyarwanda (p.8-13). Ku rupapuro

276 Ministère Public Contre Karamira Froduard, Jugement du 14 Fevrier 1997 du tribunal de 1er Instance de Kigali

277 Kangura No 33 yo muri Werurwe 1992, paji ya 2

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rwa mbere rw’iyo Nimero Spécial abanditsi bayo baribazaga ngo « Inyenzi n’ibyitso byazo birahungira he ko ishyaka ry’Abahutu ryavutse ku mugaragaro? » Ku rupapuro rw’inyuma hari ahanditse ngo: « lshyaka CDR rigizwe na rubanda nyamwinshi ni ryo rizumvisha Inyenzi n’ibyitso byazo ».278

CDR ni ishyaka ryavutse kubera ko abariyobotse bavugaga ko bari bamaze « kubona ko Repubulika y’u Rwanda yugarijwe n’umwanzi wimirije imbere kugarura ingoma ya gihake n’iya cyami ishingiye ku butegetsi bwa gatutsi ». Ikindi cyatumye bashinga ishyaka rya CDR, ngo ni uko bari bamaze « kubona ko mu gihugu hari udutsiko tw’abiyemeje gutatira ibyiza bakesha Revolusiyo ya Rubanda Nyamwinshi yo mu 1959 »; ngo bityo bibumbiye muri CDR nk’uburyo bwo « gukomera ku ntego z’iyo Revolusiyo ».279

Mu gihe cy’imishyikirano y’Amahoro yaberaga Arusha muri Tanzaniya, CDR yagaragaje ko idashaka ayo masezerano nk’uko byanditswe muri Kangura mu bitekerezo 10 bise “IBYO NTIBINDEBA, JYE NDI UMUSEDERI”. Nk’uko bigaragara muri Kangura No 46 yo muri Nyakanga 1993 (p.14), na Kangura No 47 yo muri Kanama 1993 (p.5), umwanditsi yagize ati:

1. Muhutu wishubije ibyawe muri 1959 Inyenzi zikimara guhunga u Rwanda, bivemo dore Inyenzi zaje kubisubiramo nk’uko amasezerano ya Arusha abivuga. “Ibyo ntibindeba, njye ndi Umusederi”.

2. Muturage Munyarwanda gira witegure gutegekeshwa ikiboko no gutanga imisoro yo gukiza inyenzi nk’uko amasezerano ya Arusha abiteganya. “Ibyo ntibindeba, njye ndi Umusederi”.

3. Musirikari ngabo y’u Rwanda, tanga imbunda maze ushoke igishanga nk’uko amasezerano ya Arusha abivuga. “Ibyo ntibindeba, njye ndi Umusederi”.

4. Mucuruzi w’u Rwanda, wowe wagowe itegure kongerwa imisoro kugira ngo guverinoma irimo Inyenzi izabone uko yishyura imyenda zafashe zigura intwaro zo gutera rubanda nyamwinshi nk’uko amasezerano ya Arusha abivuga. “Ibyo ntibindeba, njye ndi Umusederi”.

278 Kangura, Nimero Spécial, 1992279 Kangura, Nimero Spécial, 1992

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5. Minisitiri w’Umuhutu, va mu murwa mukuru ujye gukorera i Byumba aho Inkotanyi zishobora kuzagufata mpiri, nk’uko amasezerano ya Arusha abivuga. “Ibyo ntibindeba, njye ndi Umusederi”.

6. Munyarwanda ugendera muri taxi, itegure gukomeza kuzuza imifuka y’Inyenzi, dore bene wazo barazamura ibiciro ubutitsa by’amatagisi zitaraza, dore ziraje mirongo ine azikuba kane. “Ibyo ntibindeba, njye ndi Umusederi”.

7. Mukozi wa Leta, tanga ibiro ubise Inyenzi nk’uko amasezerano ya Arusha abivuga. “Ibyo ntibindeba, njye ndi Umusederi”.

8. Bahutu mwese, mwitegure kuvurwa n’Inyenzi zibatere inshinge zuzuye SIDA, dore ko amasezerano ya Arusha yazeguriye ubuzima. “Ibyo ntibindeba, njye ndi Umusederi”.

9. Muhutu ugisinziriye, n’ubwo uzi ubwenge, witegure guhitanwa n’Inyenzi nk’uko Inyenzi Museveni yabigenje muri Uganda. “Ibyo ntibindeba, njye ndi Umusederi”.

10. Nzirakarengane, mwitegure kubuzwa epfo na ruguru nk’uko amasezerano ya Arusha abiteganya. “Ibyo ntibindeba, njye ndi Umusederi”.

Mu rwego rwo gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Perezida wa CDR Bucyana Martin yahise ashishikariza Abanyacyangugu kwitabira ishyaka abereye umuyobozi ahereye mu gace yakomokagamo ka Mutongo i Mururu mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo, yumvikanisha ko ishyaka rye ari iry’Abahutu batavangiye maze urubyiruko ruraryitabira karahava. Kuva ubwo urubyiruko rwa CDR rwiswe Impuzamugambi rwahawe imyitozo yo kwica, ruhabwa ibikoresho maze bituma rwigira intakoreka, barangwa n’urugomo n’ubugizi bwa nabi bakoreraga Abatutsi hirya no hino babita ko ari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. Mitingi z’abarwanashyaka ba CDR n’ibiganiro bahuriyemo bikarangwa n’ingengabitekerezo y’urwango no gushishikariza Abahutu kwanga no kwica Abatutsi.280


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Amashyaka menshi amaze gukwirakwira hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu hari amwe muri yo cyane cyane MDR yaranzwe n’ibikorwa by’urugomo no guteza umutekano muke bishingiye ahanini ku byo bitaga KUBOHOZA.281 Muri ibyo bikorwa Abatutsi bakunze kwibasirwa nk’uko byasobanuwe mu bice bibanza.

4.8. Gukangurira ubufatanye hagati y’ubutegetsi n’amashyaka muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Bagambiki Emmanuel amaze kuba Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo habe ubufatanye bugaragara hagati y’amashyaka n’ubutegetsi. Ni muri urwo rwego Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yatumije inama yahuje abagize za komite z’amashyaka mu rwego rwa Perefegitura ku wa 3 Nzeri 1992 aho basuzumye ibyerekeye umutekano n’ubufatanye hagati y’ubutegetsi n’abayobozi b’amashyaka. Imwe mu myanzuro yafatiwe muri iyo nama ni uko amashyaka yiyemeje gufatanya n’inzego z’ubutegetsi no gushyiraho akanama ko kubahiriza umutekano gahoraho kitwa “INAMA Y’ABANYAMASHYAKA IHARANIRA UMUTEKANO (Conseil des Partis Politiques pour la Sécurité). Inyandikomvugo y’inama yashyikirijwe ubuyobozi bukuri bw’igihugu nk’uko bigaragazwa n’ibaruwa No 01560/04.09.01 yo ku wa 9 Nzeri 1992, iri ku mugereka, Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu n’Amajyambere ya Komini akamenyesha Minisitiri w’Intebe.

Iyo usesenguye imyanzuro yafatiwe muri iyo nama usanga kuba amashyaka yaremeye imikoraniye itaziguye n’ubutegetsi bwari mu maboko ya MRND byaragize uruhare rutaziguye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Bose bahuriraga mu nama zitegura Jenoside, imyanzuro igafatwa impande zose ziyumvikanyeho kandi bose basabwa kuyishyira mu bikorwa ku buryo muri rusange igihe cyo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside cyageze Umututsi atagira kirengera haba mu butegetsi no mu mashyaka kuko bari bararangije gufata umurongo umwe.

281 Ibaruwa No 0319/04.09.01 yo ku wa 3 Werurwe 1992 Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu KAGIMBANGABO André yandikiye ba burugumesitiri bose na ba superefe bose abagezaho ubutumwa bukubiye mu Ijambo rya Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu n’Amajyambere ya Komini ku birebana n’ibihe igihugu cyacu kirimo kugira ngo inyigisho zirikubiyemo zubahirizwe.

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4.9. Kwihuriza hamwe kw’amashyaka atavuga rumwe mu cyiswe Hutu Power no kunoza umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru, ku wa 23 Ukwakira 1993, Karamira Frodouard yayoboye mitingi ya MDR yabereye i Kigali kuri Stade i Nyamirambo. Mu mbwirwaruhamwe ye, yasabye Abahutu bose guhaguruka bakarwanya umwanzi ubarimo. Karamira Frodouard yasabye abitabiriye mitingi guhita bashyiraho Hutu Power, igice gishyigikiye ubutegetsi n’inyungu z’Abahutu. Ibyo byatumye amashyaka ataravugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi cyane cyane MDR, PL ryashinzwe na Mugenzi Justin na PSD ryashinzwe na Gatabazi Félicien nayo acikamo íbice bibiri, havuka igice gishya gishyigikiye ubutegetsi cyiyita “Hutu Power”. Icyo gice cya cyahise gitangira gukorana bya hafi na CDR na MRND maze hanozwa umugambi wo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ni bwo hadutse inkubiri yo gukoresha mitingi hirya no hino mu gihugu, mitingi zatangiwemo ubutumwa bwimakaza urwango hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi ari na ko abayobozi bakangurira abaturage n’Interahamwe kwitabira Jenoside. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Nsengimana Fabien, muri mitingi zaberaga i Cyangugu babaga baririmbaga ngo “Umuhutu yari umwe, afite umugore umwe, umwana umwe, abandi ntituzi aho baturutse” bashaka kwerekana ko Abatutsi atari abenegihugu, ko batabazi.282

Bigendeye ku mbaraga ubuyobozi bwashyize mu kunoza umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Cyangugu, impaka zose zari hagati y’abarwanashyaka ba MDR, MRND na CDR (amashyaka yari akomeye kandi afite abarwanashyaka benshi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu) zahinduwe ko zishingiye ku moko. Mu yandi magambo abari ku isonga mu itegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Cyangugu, kimwe n’ahandi hose mu gihugu, birengagije ko hariho ikibazo cya politiki gikomeye hagati ya FPR-Inkotanyi, abatavuga rumwe na Leta b’imbere mu gihugu bari bagizwe ahanini n’Abahutu barimo na Twagiramungu Faustin wakomokaga i Cyangugu, ndetse na guverinoma ya Habyarimana, maze

282 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NSENGIMANA Fabien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 2017

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bumvikanisha ko hari ikibazo gikomeye cy’intambara iri hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi, bityo ko Abahutu bose bagomba kuva mu by’amashyaka abatandukanya bakishyira hamwe, bakarwanya umwanzi wabo ari we Umututsi. Ni muri urwo rwego ubwo Jenoside yashyirwaga mu bikorwa mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu abarwanashyaka ba MDR n’insoresore zayo (inkuba) bahise bifatanya n’Interahamwe za MRND n’Impuzamugambi za CDR maze bahurira ku mugambi wo kwica Abatutsi.

4.10. Uruhare rw’itangazamakuru mu gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo y’urwango no gushishikariza Abahutu kwitabira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Kuva mu Ukwakira 1990 kugera muri Mata 1994, inkuru nyinshi zo mu binyamakuru bitandukanye by’abahezanguni byasabaga ku buryo bweruye ikorwa rya Jenoside. Mu binyamakuru byamamaye muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu harimo Kangura n’Imvaho. Muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu byahageraga bizanywe na Bus za ONATRACOM. RTLM na Radio Rwanda zikaba nazo zigarukwaho mu gushishikariza Interahamwe kwica Abatutsi no kuranga aho baherereye.

4.10.1. Uruhare rwa Kangura

Kuva mu 1990, Kangura yakajije umurego mu kubiba urwango hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Ni muri urwo rwego yasohoye amategeko 10 yise ay’Abahutu yibasira bidasubirwaho Abatutsi. Ayo mategeko yahamyaga ko buri Muhutu wese agomba gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo y’urwango rugomba kugirirwa Umututsi, utabikoze akaba umugambanyi. Itegeko rya 10 mu mategeko icumi y’Abahutu yasohowe na Kangura muri numero yayo ya 6 yo mu Ukuboza 1990 ribivuga muri aya magambo:

« Buri Muhutu wese agomba gukwirakwiza yivuye inyuma ingengabitekerezo y’urwango kandi Umuhutu wese uzatoteza mugenzi we w’Umuhutu kubera gukwirakwiza no kwigisha iyo ngengabitekerezo, azafatwa nk’umugambanyi ».

Ku ya 9 Gashyantare 1991, Kangura yasohoye inkuru ihamagarira Abahutu kwica Abatutsi aho yagize iti: “ Mureke

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tumenye Inkotanyi (abashyigikiye FPR) maze mureke tuzitsembatsembe”. Ni muri urwo rwego mu Ugushyingo 1991 hasohotse nimero idasanzwe: Kangura No 26 igaragaza uburyo umugambi wa Jenoside washyirwa mu bikorwa. Ku rupapuro rwa mbere rw’icyo kinyamakuru hari ifoto ya Grégoire Kayibanda. Hejuru y’ifoto handitse ngo: “Batutsi bwoko bw’Imana”. Mu nsi y’ifoto handitse ngo: “Uwagarura revolisiyo y’1959 y’Abahutu kugira ngo dutsinde Inyenzi-Ntutsi. Iburyo bw’iyo foto handitse ikibazo: “Ni izihe ntwaro tuzakoresha kugira ngo dutsinde Inyenzi burundu?” Ku ruhande rw’icyo kibazo hari ifoto y’umuhoro ushinze. Muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 uwo muhoro wakoreshejwe nk’uko byari byarateganyijwe kandi bikandikwa kugira ngo bimenyeshwe abaturage bose.

Urupapuro rwa mbere rwa Kangura No 26 yasohotse mu Ugushyingo 1991

Iyo usesenguye ubutumwa bwatangwaga na Kangura, usanga kwari uguhamagarira Abahutu gukora Jenoside babyita

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kwirwanaho barwanya Abatutsi (Inyenzi). Mu gihugu hose Kangura cyari ikinyamakuru gikunzwe cyane n’abaturage ku buryo uwakibonye yabaga agihererekanya n’abandi, bigatuma bagira imyumvire imwe ku mugambi wategurwaga wo kwica Abatutsi.

4.10.2. Uruhare rwa RTLM

Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines (RTLM) yatangiye kuvuga ku wa 8 Nyakanga 1993. Iyo Radio yashinzwe n’abanyamuryango ba MRND, ifashwa na Radiyo Rwanda kuko yajyaga inavugira kuri FM ikoresheshe ibyuma (équipement) bya Radiyo Rwanda. RTLM itangira yahawe akabyininiro ka “Radiyo Rutwitsi” ikorera i Nyarugenge. RTLM imaze gushingwa yakunzwe n’abaturage benshi kubera ibihe abaturage barimo n’ubutumwa yatambutsaga bwiganjemo gukwirakwiza urwango hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. RTLM yatangiye ibiganiro yigisha amacakubiri ariko ikajya isa n’ibikora mu rwenya no gutebya. Amwe mu magambo yakundaga gutambutsa harimo ngo “Abatutsi mwa Nyenzi mwe tuzabica!”.

Nyuma yo guhanuka kw’indege ya Habyarimana ku ya 6 Mata 1994, RTLM yasakaje ikinyoma ko Abatutsi bigometse ari bo bishe Perezida maze ihamagarira Abahutu icyo yitaga intambara ya nyuma yo gutsemba Abatutsi. Imvugo yasubirwagamo kenshi ni iyo “Gutema ibiti birebire”.

Amacakubiri n’urwango byakwirakwizwaga na RTLM byambutse ishyamba rya Nyungwe bigera no mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. RTLM yatangiye yibasira Twagiramungu Faustin imushinja gukorana n’Inkotanyi. Yatambukije ubutumwa bugira buti “Ese mwo kagira Imana mwe, iyi Perefegitura yacu agiye kuyegurira Inkotanyi gute?” Aha bashakaga kwerekana ko Twagiramungu wari usanwe atavuga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana akorana n’Inkotanyi, ko na we Abahutu bagomba kumenya imigambi ye bakayirwanya.

Nyuma ya Twagiramungu, RTLM yadukiriye umugabo witwa Serubyogo Zacharie wari Perezida wa MDR muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, itambutsa ubutumwa bumwibasira aho Radiyo yagize iti: “...nyabuneka nimutabare, mutwamaganire

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n’uwitwa Serubyogo, ...”. Iyo radiyo rutwitsi yatangiye no kuranga aho uwo mugabo ari, aho umunyamakuru yagize ati : “....Serubyogo we uri ahantu bita i Giheke...”. Ibyitirira abanya Cyangugu, RTLM yibasiye bikomeye Serubyogo ngo wari wagiye kwihisha ariko ngo bari bamaze kumugota. Bati: “Serubyogo atumereye nabi cyane.” Ngo we na Twagiramungu batahuye ibinyoma byabo, bati: “burya baratubeshyaga ngo ni aba MDR none barimo baraduha Inkotanyi... nta Nkotanyi rero dushaka ino...nta bwo bishoboka”!. Ayo magambo ya RTLM ntiyabaye ay’ubusa, yatumye Serubyogo yicwa ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. Hirya no hino kandi kuri za bariyeri Interahamwe zabaga zifite radio ziri kumva ibyo zibwirizwa gukora kuko abanyamakuru bazivumburiraga aho Abatutsi bihishe maze zikajya kubicirayo. RTLM n’abanyamakuru bayo banakunze gukora icengezamatwara bifashishije indirimbo za Bikindi Simoni na we uzwiho kuba yararirimbaga indirimbo zihamagarira Abahutu kwishyira hamwe bakarwanya Abatutsi by’umwihariko mu ndirimbo “Mbwira abumva” na “Nanga Abahutu”.

Ibikorwa bya RTLM byagenzurwaga umunsi ku wundi na Kabuga Félicien wari Perezida wayo, Nahimana Ferdinand wari Umuyobozi wayo (Directeur), Barayagwiza Jean Bosco wari yungirije umuyobozi (Directeur Adjoint), Gahigi Gaspard wari umuyobozi ushinzwe gutunganya ibiganiro, Habimana Phocas wakoraga mu buyobozi ari n’umunyamakuru hamwe na Georges Ruggiu, Bemeriki Valérie, Habimana Kantano, Rucogoza Emmanuel, Nkomati Emmanuel na Hitimana Noheli bari abanyamakuru.

4.11. Inama zitegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Kuva mu 1993 no mu ntangiriro za 1994, hakozwe inama zitandukanye zitegura Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nyuma y’ihanurwa ry’indege ya Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal mu ijoro ryo ku itariki ya 6 rishyira tariki ya 7 Mata 1994 habaye inama zitandukanye zafatiwemo imyanzuro yo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu inama zaitandukanye zakozwe ku rwego rwa Perefegitura na Komini.

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4.11.1. Ku rwego rwa perefegitura

4.11.1.1. Mitingi ya MRND yo ku wa 7 Gashyantare 1993

Ku wa 7 Gashyantare 1993, ku isoko rya Bushenge mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo habaye mitingi ikomeye ya MRND yitabiriwe n’abayobozi ku rwego rw’igihugu, urwa perefegitura na komini, Interahamwe n’abaturage benshi. Iyo mitingi yitabiriwe n’abayobozi bakomeye batandukanye barimo Ngirumpatse Mathieu wari Perezida wa MRND ku rwego rw’igihugu, Nteziryayo Siméon wari Perezida wa MRND muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Bagambiki Emmanuel wari Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Yusufu Munyakazi wari ukuriye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama, Barigira Félicien, Gumiriza Hesron, Nsabimanna Callixte wayoboraga Uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha, Nyandwi Christophe wari ukuriye Interahamwe muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Nsengumuremyi Fulgence, Bicamumpaka Anicet, Mahirane Martin, Directeur Kayija, Kagenza Léo Fidèle n’abandi barwanashyaka ba MRND na CDR benshi. Iyo mitingi yitabiriwe kandi n’Interahamwe nyinshi zaje mu ma modoka za ONATRACOM n’imodoka z’Uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha. Uwo munsi wabaye uw’amateka mu Bushenge kubera ko hari haje Radiyo Rwanda n’abanyamakuru bayo barimo Nsabimana Emmanuel watambutsaga ibiri kubera aho mu Bushenge.283

Muri iyo mitingi hatanzwe ubutumwa bushimangira ko igihugu cyugarijwe n’umwanzi wateye aturutse hanze ariko afite ibyitso n’abandi bafatanyije hirya no hino, bityo ko no muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ahari. Ni muri urwo rwego abayobozi bahamagariye abarwanashyaka na MRND guhangana n’umwanzi, bemeza ko nta kigomba gukoma mu nkokora imigabo n’imigambi ya MRND, ko umwanzi aho ari hose bagomba kumurwanya. Umwanzi wavugwaga muri rusange yari Umututsi nk’uko byari bimaze gucengezwa mu Banyarwanda. Ubwo butumwa bw’ivangura n’amacakubiri bwatangiwe muri iyo mitingi bwakiriwe neza n’Interahamwe zahitaga zivuza ingoma n’amafirimbi, bagaragaza ko bishimiye umurongo bahawe. Nyuma y’iyo mitingi Interahamwe n’abarwanashyaka ba MRND bagiye kwiyakirira mu kabari ka Seromba Fidèle

283 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAMPOGO Constance mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 2017.

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kari mu Bushenge. Kuva ubwo nta Mututsi wongeye kugira amahoro kubera ko aho yanyuraga hose “abaturage bahitaga bamuryanira inzara, bati dore Inyenzi”!284

4.11.1.2. Inama yo ku wa 14 Mutarama 1994

Ku wa 14 Mutarama 1994, hateguwe inama zabereye hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Hari iyateraniye mu ngoro ya Muvoma ku musozi wa Cyangugu iyobowe na Nteziryayo Siméon wari Perezida wa MRND muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Hari indi yabereye mu Bushenge iyobowe na Barigira Félicien; indi ibera mu Bugarama iyoborwa na Minisitiri Ntagerura André, hari n’iyabereye ku Rwesero i Nyamasheke. Muri izo nama zari zatumiwemo abayobozi ba givili na gisirikari, abakuru b’amashyaka n’Interahamwe, abakuru b’amadini n’abavuga rikijyana, hatanzwe ubutumwa ko igihugu kiri mu bihe by’intambara cyatewe n’Inyenzi- Nkotanyi, basaba buri wese gukora ibishoboka byose amasezerano ya Arusha akaburizwamo, aho abayobozi batazuyazaga no kuvuga mu buryo bweruye ko nibiba ngombwa no kwica bazica.285

4.11.1.3. Inama yabereye mu Ntemabiki kuri Hotel Ituze nyuma y’urupfu rwa Bucyana Martin

Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Perezida wa CDR Bucyana Martin, Nyandwi Christophe yakoresheje inama yahuje urubyiruko rwaturutse mu mashyaka yose, ibera kuri Hoteli Ituze. Muri iyo nama, hemejwe ko Bucyana Martin yishwe n’Abatutsi, urubyiruko rukangurirwa kwitegura intambara yo kubarwanya. Iyo nama yahise itangirwamo ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi birimo imipanga n’amacumu. Mu babihawe harimo Sinasebeje Faustin n’abandi.Mu bitabiriye iyo nama harimo Sinasebeje Faustin, Mpakaniye Pierre, Gasigisigi Thomas, Nyagasenge, Havugimana, Muhawenayo, Daniel, Gakuru, Nsenga, Didace, Bizuru, Iyakaremye Pascal, Muzariwa, Fabien n’abandi.286

Iyo nama yatangiwemo ubutumwa bwimakaza urwango hagati y’Abahutu n’Abatutsi mu buryo bweruye. Nk’uko bisobanurwa

284 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MBABAI Jean Paul mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 02 Ugushyingo 2017285 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sébastien mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 09 Ukwakira 2017286 Inkiko Gacaca, Sinasebeje Faustin:Umutangabuhamya mu rubanza rwa Nyandwi Christophe, Rusizi, ku wa 2 Ukwakira 2018.

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na Ntamabyariro Joseph, muri iyo nama batanze ubutumwa ko “Inyenzi zifata Abahutu zikababaga, zikabakuramo amara zikayapfundikanya, ubundi bakirirwa ku musozi bameze batyo. Hari kandi abo bafata bakabatwika amaso bakayakuramo n’ibindi”.287

Ubwo butumwa bwateye ubwoba abitabiriye inama, bamwe bataha bahindutse nk’inyamaswa bumva ko na bo bashobora gupfa urwo rupfu. Nyandwi Christophe yabwiye kandi abitabiriye inama ko ibintu birambiranye. Yagize ati:

Ubu turarambiwe, kandi murabibona ko ibintu byageze iwa Ndabaga. Burya imbeba irya umuhini yototera isuka. Dore rero Bucyana baramwishe, mwitegure nimwe mugiye gukurikiraho. Ariko icyo nababwira ni uko igihe cyose tuzumva hari undi muyobozi wapfuye, muzahite muhurira ahantu hamwe, aho umuyobozi azaba yababwiye, hanyuma hafatwe umwanzuro w’ikigomba gukorwa.288

Nk’uko Bisengimana Elisée abisobanura,

Ubutumwa bwatangiwe muri iyo nama bwari bufitanye isano ya bugufi n’ibinyoma byakwirakwijwe mu gihe Jenoside yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, aho abicanyi birirwaga bavuga ko Abatutsi bari barateguye umugambi wo kwica Abahutu, ko bacukuye imyobo yo gutamo Abahutu, ko Abatutsi baguze ibikwasi byo kubatobora amaso ngo babagire impumyi, ko baguze imiti yo kuroga amazi n’ibindi. Ibyo byose ngo bikaba byaratahuwe mbere y’uko biba, bityo Abatutsi bagomba kubyishyura.289

4.11.1.4. Inama yo ku wa 11 Mata 1994 yayobowe na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel

Ku wa 11 Mata 1994, Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yatumije inama yabereye ku Ngoro ya Muvoma, ku musozi wa Cyangugu. Iyo nama yitabiriwe n’abayobozi bose ba Perefegitura, ubuyobozi bw’Ingabo na jandarumori, ababurugumesitiri,

287 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTAMABYARIRO Joseph mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2017288 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTAMABYARIRO Joseph mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2017289 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, Ubuhamya bwa BISENGIMANA Elisée, 2005.

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abakuriye amashyaka, abahagarariye amadini, abacuruzi bakomeye, abakonsiye, abavuga rikijyana n’abandi. Muri iyo nama, Perefe yavuze ko umwanzi yateye igihugu kandi ko umubyeyi wacu yapfuye none buri muntu asabwe kugenda yiteguye guhangana n’umwanzi muri komini ye. Yakomeje asobanura ko ibikoresho bihari, ko inama nirangira ababurugumesitiri bagenda Komanda akabaha imbunda. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera Sinzabakwira Straton wari witabiriye iyo nama, abitabiriye inama bishimiye cyane imvugo ya Perefe, amashyi aba urufaya mu cyumba cy’inama.290

Sinzabakwira Straton asobanura ko inama irangiye ababurugumesitiri bose bagiye muri Camp Karambo gufata imbunda. Sinzabakwira Straton ahabwa na Komanda Samuel Imanishimwe imbunda zo mu bwoko bwa Karacinikovi eshanu (5) na Grenade 20. Sinzabakwira Straton yahise ajya kuzitanga kuri bariyeri zari muri Komini ye ya Karengera. Bariyeri ya Ntendezi ni yo yari ikomeye, yayihaye imbunda 2 ziyongera ku yindi yari isanzwe ari iya komini ifitwe na Burigadiye wa Komini Mbanzarugamba Samuel wari usanzwe atuye i Ntendezi. Komanda Imanishimwe Samwel na we ubwe yahatanze imbunda 2, imwe ayiha Mbanzabigwi indi ayiha Mutabazi. Uretse izo mbunda, Sinzabakwira Straton akomeza asobanura ko gerenade zo zabaga ari nyinshi cyane. Muri rusange ibikoresho bya gisirikare byahabwaga abatojwe bazi kurasa cyangwa uwabaga yarigeze kujya mu gisirikari.

Inama yo ku wa 11 Mata 1994 niyo yafatiwemo ibyemezo byo gutangira gushyira mu bikorwa mu buryo bweruye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Ibyo bigashimangirwa n’uko kuri iyo tariki, nyuma y’inama, Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika bahise bicwa ku mabwiriza ya Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gatare Rugwizangoga Fabien na Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Rwesero Terebura Gérard.

290 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Straton ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.

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Inama yo ku wa 11 Mata 1994 yahuriranye n’inama yabereye i Kigali muri Hotel des Diplomates ihuje aba perefe bose, inama yari yatumijwe na Minisitiri w’Intebe Kambanda Jean. Mu gihe Perefe Bagambiki yamenyeshwaga ko agomba kuyitabira, yasobanuye ko we atari bubashe kuyitabira kubera ko na we yatumije inama ku rwego rwa Perefegitura. Ibyo byatumye koko atitabira inama ya Minisitiri w’Intebe, akoresha iye kugira ngo anoze ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura yari abereye umuyobozi. 4.11.1.5. Inama yo ku wa 18 Mata 1994 yayobowe na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel

Ku wa 18 Mata 1994, abayobozi bose ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ubuyobozi bw’Ingabo na jandarumori, ababurugumesitiri, abakuriye amashyaka, abahagarariye amadini, abacuruzi bakomeye, abakonseye, abavuga rikijyana n’abandi bongeye guhurira mu nama y’umutekano yabereye mu ngoro ya Muvoma ku musozi wa Cyangugu. Muri iyo nama hasuzumwe uko ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ryifashe hirya no hino mu makomini, ababurugumesitiri basabwa buri wese gushyira mu bikorwa ibyo baba bemeranyijwe.291 Kuva uwo munsi Interahamwe zakajije umurego mu kwica Abatutsi, akaba ari kuri iyo tariki hishwe Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Nkanka na Paruwasi ya Mibirizi.

4.11.1.6. Inama yo ku wa 25 Mata 1994 yayobowe na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel

Ku wa 25 Mata 1994, Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yongeye gutumiza inama yabereye ku ngoro ya Muvoma ku musozi wa Cyangugu, itumirwamo abayobozi batandukanye kuva ku rwego rwa perefegitura kugera ku rwego rwa segiteri. Kimwe n’izayibanjirije, iyo nama yari igamije gusuzuma aho ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside rigeze. Ni bwo hagaragajwe ahantu hatandukanye hateraniye Abatutsi benshi bagerageje kwirwanaho (resistance), ibitero bijyayo bikaneshwa, bigatuma kubica bitagera ku ntego yifuzwa n’abicanyi. Mu havuzwe harimo


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kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, Paruwasi ya Shangi no kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi.

Munyakazi Yusufu wari witabiriye inama na we yafashe ijambo ageza ku bitabiriye inama ubusabe yagejejweho na Ruzindana Obed wakomokaga ku Kibuye muri Komini Rwamatamu. Ruzindana Obed yari umucuruzi ukomeye ku Kibuye. Munyakazi yasobanuye ko Ruzindana yaje kumureba iwe mu Bugarama amusaba ubufasha bwo kwica Abatutsi ku Kibuye, cyane cyane abateraniye ku musozi wa Kizenga no mu Bisesero. Munyakazi yasoje ijambo rye yumvikanisha ko ubusabe bwa Ruzindana bwahabwa agaciro bakajya kubatabara. Munyakazi Yusufu arangije gutanga ubwo butumwa, Perefe yavuze ko bagomba gukora ibishoboka byose ubwo bufasha bukaboneka. Mu myanzuro yafashwe kuri icyo cyifuzo cya Ruzindana, buri komini yasabwe gutanga amafaranga ibihumbi mirongo ine (40.000Frw), Perefegitura yo igatanga imodoka zo gutwara Interahamwe, hemezwa kandi ko Interahamwe za Yusufu zongerwa intwaro, amasasu, imbunda na grenades n’ibyo kurya maze bakajya kwica Abatutsi ku Kibuye, cyane cyane ku musozi wa Kizenga no mu Bisesero hari hateraniye Abatutsi benshi.292 Kubera ko Munyakazi Yusufu yavukaga ku Kibuye, Ruzindana yamwitabaje nk’umuntu basangiye agace k’amavuko kandi bose basanzwe ari abacuruzi bakomeye, dore kandi ko Ruzindana yari asanzwe azi ingufu z’Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi. Ni muri urwo rwego Interahamwe za Munyakazi Yusufu zagiye kwica Abatutsi ku Kibuye ku Musozi wa Kizenga kuwa 27 no kuwa 28 Mata 1994293, zigasubirayo ku wa 13 no ku wa 14 Gicurasi 1994 kwica Abatutsi mu Bisesero.294

Mu rwego rwo guhangana n’Abatutsi bagerageje kwirwanaho, hafashwe umwanzuro ko Interahamwe za Munyakazi Yusufu mbere yo kujya kwica Abatutsi bo ku Kibuye mu Bisesero no ku musozi wa Kizenga zigomba kubanza kujya kwica i Shangi n’i Mibirizi. Icyo cyemezo cyashyizwe mu bikorwa ku wa 29 Mata 1994 ubwo Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi zajyaga kwica Abatutsi bari bateraniye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Shangi

292 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Straton ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.293 African Rigts, John Yusufu Munyakazi, Un génocidaire devenue refugié, 6 juin 1997, p.35294 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Munyakazi Yusufu, (Munyakazi Yusufu (ICTR-97-36A), Arusha, 2011

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mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo, bukeye ku wa 30 Mata 1994 zijya kwica Abatutsi bari bateraniye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mibirizi.295

4.11.1.7. Inama yo ku wa 2 Gicurasi 1994 yayobowe na Minisitiri Mbangura Daniel

Ku wa 2 Gicurasi 1994, habaye inama yahuje abayobozi batandukanye muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ibera mu Ngoro ya Muvoma ku musozi wa Cyangugu. Byari biteganyijwe ko iyoborwa na Minisitiri w’Intebe Kambanda Jean ariko ntiyaboneka iyoborwa na Mbangura Daniel wari umaze kuba Minisitiri muri Perezidansi. Inama yitabiriwe kandi na Minisitiri w’Ubuhinzi n’Ubworozi Bwana Nsabumukunzi Straton, Minisitiri w’Inganda n’Ubucukuzi bw’Amabuye y’Agaciro Bwana Mugiraneza Prosper, abayobozi b’abaturage mu nzego zose, abahagarariye amadini, abakuru b’amashyaka n’abandi. Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera Sinzabakwira Straton wari muri iyo nama asobanura ko Minisitiri Mbangura Daniel yatangiye ijambo rye abaza Perefe niba mu bitabiriye inama nta mwanzi ubarimo bicaranye, kugira ngo abe ari we babanza kurwanya mbere y’uko bajya kurwanya abandi. Iyo nama yibanze ku miterere y’umutekano muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, inzego zose zishishikarizwa kurwanya umwanzi aho ari hose. Birumvikana kandi ko muri kiriya gihe umwanzi bavugaga nta wundi uretse Umututsi. Iyo nama niyo yafatiwemo icyemezo cyo guhiga Umututsi aho ashobora kwihisha hose ku buryo nta we ugomba kuzabacika. Iyo nama kandi niyo yatumye Interahamwe zikwira imishwaro mu guhiga Abatutsi mu bihuru zikoresheje imbwa, bityo abari bacyihishe baravumburwa baricwa.296

4.11.1.8. Inama zayobowe na Perezida wa Repubulika SindikubwaboThéodore

Nk’uko bigaragara mu rubanza Ubushinjacyaha bwa ICTR buregamo Minisitiri NTAGERURA André, Perefe BAGAMBIKI Emmanuel, na Lt IMANISHIMWE Samuel,

295 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Munyakazi Yusufu, (Munyakazi Yusufu (ICTR-97-36A), Arusha, 2011296 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Straton ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.

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bigashimangirwa kandi n’inyandiko y’umunyamakuru Dismas Nkezabera hamwe n’ubuhamya bwa Sinzabakwira Straton wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Perezida wa Repubulika Sindikubwabo Théodore yasuye Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ku wa 17 Gicurasi 1994 no kuwa 10 Kamena 1994, agirana inama n’abategetsi bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ku ngoro ya Muvoma ku musozi wa Cyangugu. Nyuma y’izo nama, Perezida wa Repubulika Sindikubwabo Théodore yagarutse i Cyangugu ahunga, ku wa 16 Nyakanga 1994, ari kumwe n’abandi bayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu barimo Minisitiri w’Intebe Kambanda Jean, Umuyobozi w’Ibiro bya Perezida Mbangura Daniel, Minisitiri w’Ingabo Bizimana Augustin, Minisitiri w’Ubutabera Ntamabyaliro Agnès, Le chef du protocole du Président, le Major Mageza Désiré na Minisitiri w’Umuryango n’Iterambere ry’Umugore Nyiramasuhuko Pauline. Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri, ku wa mbere tariki ya 18 Nyakanga 1994 bahise bahava, bahungira i Bukavu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.297 4.11.1.8.1. Inama yo ku wa 17 Gicurasi 1994 yayobowe na Perezida Sindikubwabo Théodore

Ku wa kabiri tariki ya 17 Gicurasi 1994, Perezida wa Repubulika Sindikubwabo Théodore yasuye Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma yo gusura Perefegitura ya Kibuye ku wa mbere tariki ya 16 Gicurasi 1994. Muri urwo ruzinduko, Perezida yayoboye inama yabereye ku Ngoro ya Muvoma ku musozi wa Cyangugu, inama yari yatumiwemo abategetsi bose ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, abahagarariye amashyaka ya politiki n’abahagarariye inzego z’umutekano, abahagarariye amadini, imiryango itegamiye kuri Leta, abikorera n’abavuga rikijyana.

Inama yarimo kandi na bamwe mu bategetsi bo mu nzego zo hejuru baherekeje Perezida wa Repubulika harimo Mugenzi Justin wari Minisitiri w’Ubucuruzi, Inganda n’Ubukorikori, Ntagerura André wari Minisitiri wo Gutwara Abantu no Gutumanaho, Dogiteri Murego wari uhagarariye amashyaka ya politiki ari muri guverinoma n’abandi.

297 Synthèse des activités du Gouvernement intérimaire et de ses membres à partir du 8 avril 1994: Kambanda Jean (déposition, TPIR, 15 mai 1998, T2-K7-76), p.191

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Iyo nama yibanze ku mutekano muri rusange. Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yatangiye asobanura ko ituze ryagarutse muri perefegitura, ko ubwicanyi bwahagaze. Ibyo ariko byari ikinyoma cyambaye ubusa kubera ko yari azi neza ko Abatutsi bari bacyicwa hirya no hino.298

Mu ijambo rye, Perezida wa Repubulika yashimiye abategetsi ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kuba barashyize mu bikorwa amabwiriza yatanzwe n’abayobozi b’igihugu nyuma y’iyicwa rya Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal. Mu by’ukuri yabashimiraga kuba barishe Abatutsi yirengagije ko abishwe nta ho bari bahuriye n’urugamba rwari hagati ya FAR na FPR. Perezida wa Repubulika Sindikubwabo Théodore yakomeje asobanura ko « n’ubwo FPR ikomeje kurangwa n’amananiza agamije gukomeza intambara, Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yo ntihwema kubahiriza inshingano n’imigambi yo kugarura umutekano mu gihugu no gushakisha uburyo intambara yahagarara. (.....).»299 Aha ukaba wakwibaza umutekano batahwemye kugarura wari uwuhe mu gihe Abatutsi birirwaga bicirwa ku misozi hirya no hino mu gihugu. Sinzabakwira Straton asobanura ko Perezida wa Repubulika Sindikubwabo Théodore yasoje ijambo rye yibutsa abari mu nama ko umwanzi w’u Rwanda ari FPR-Inkotanyi n’ibyitso byabo, bityo ko bagomba gufatanya mu kumurwanya aho ari hose. Uruzinduko rwa Perezida rwahaye morale Abanyacyangugu, bumva ko bagomba gukomeza gushakisha Umututsi aho ari hose, akicwa.

4.11.1.8.2. Inama yo ku wa 10 Kamena 1994 yayobowe na Perezida wa Repubulika Sindikubwabo Théodore

Ku wa 10 Kamena 1994, Perezida wa Repubulika Sindikubwabo Théodore yongeye gusura Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Mu ruzinduko rwe, Perezida yakoresheje inama yabeyere ku ngoro ya Muvoma ku musozi wa Cyangugu. Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera Sinzabakwira Straton, witabiriye iyo nama asobanura ko “iyo nama yasaga n’igamije gushyira abantu ku murongo kuko icyo gihe Abahutu

298 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo NTAGERURA André, BAGAMBIKI Emmanuel, and IMANISHIMWE Samuel, Case No. ICTR-99-46-T, igika cya 167, urupapuro rwa 44-45299 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Straton ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.

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na bo bari batangiye gusubiranamo, bamwe bati ‘wowe wabaga muri opposition na we turakwica’, ababaga barasahuye batangiye kubirwaniramo n’ibindi. Iyo nama yasuzumiwemo kandi uburyo habaho gusaranganya imitungo y’Abatutsi bishwe ndetse no gusibanganya ibimenyetso bya Jenoside. Mu myanzuro yafatiwe muri iyo nama, hatanzwe amabwiriza yo guhinga amasambu yose, gusenya amazu yari asigaye ashinyitse, gukuraho imirambo yari ikigaragara hirya no hino ku gasozi ku buryo nta wamenya ko hari abantu bishwe.300

Nyuma y’inama zakorwaga ku rwego rwa perefegitura, burugumesitiri yasabwaga kugeza imyanzuro y’inama ku baturage ayobora. Ni muri urwo rwego ba burugumesitiri na bo batahwemye gukoresha inama zitandukanye muri komini zabo kugira ngo basuzume uburyo imyanzuro yafashwe ku rwego rwa perefegitura igomba gushyirwa mu bikorwa.

4.11.2. Ku rwego rwa komini

4.11.2.1. Inama yo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 yabereye muri Komini Gishoma

Ku wa 12 Mata 1994, habaye inama y’umutekano muri Komini Gishoma iyobowe na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gishoma Nkubito Jean Chrysostome. Iyo nama yabereye ku biro bya Komini Gishoma yari yatumiwemo abakonsiye bose ba segiteri zigize Komini Gishoma, ba resiponsabule, umuntu umwe watoranyijwe muri buri serire, abahagarariye amadini n’amashyaka n’abandi. Inama yatangiye i saa yine n’igice. Ku murongo w’ibyigwa hari ukureba uko umutekano wifashe muri Komini. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Sibomana Cyrille witabiriye iyo nama ahagarariye serire akomokamo, Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome yatangije inama ashimira Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel kuba yitabiriye inama yabo. Nkubito wakomeje ijambo afite uburakari bwinshi, yagize ati: “mwese uko muteraniye hano muzi ibibazo dufite by’umutekano igihugu cyatewe n’Inkotanyi kandi hari bamwe mu baturage bo muri komini yacu babifitemo uruhari. Twamenye ko hari imiryango yagiye yohereza abana babo mu Nkotanyi, mfite amafoto abo bantu bambaye imyenda ndetse bafite n’imbunda.


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Hari nka Gasarasi, ntimumuzi? Uyu muhungu wo kwa Padiri Maryomeza, ntimumuzi?, ....”. Asoza ijambo rye Burugumesitiri yahise asaba buri konsiye kugaragaza uko muri segiteri ye umutekano wifashe. Kubera uburakari burugumesitiri yavuganye ijambo rye, abantu bari mu nama bahise bagira ubwoba. Abashatse kunyomoza ibyo yavuze barimo Konseye Muganga Eldeulade wa Kiranga, Konseye wa Rwimbogo Mukamusoni Thacienne n’abandi agahita abacecekesha.301

Abakonseye bahise bahabwa umwanya umwe ku wundi. Habimana Emmanuel wari Konseye wa Segiteri Gisagara yatangiye asobanura ko muri segiteri ye hameze neza, ariko bahita bamusamira hejuru, bamumerera nabi cyane bamushinja ko muri segiteri ye harimo abantu benshi bagiye mu Nkotanyi barimo Gatera Egide, Rubanguka Emmanuel, Polcalpe n’abandi. Hakurikiyeho Ngendahayo Léonard wari Konseye wa Segiteri Rukunguri asobanura ko muri segiteri ye umutekano ari mubi kubera ko hari Abatutsi bari gupfa bishwe n’Interahamwe zo kwa Yusufu Munyakazi, ndetse ko hari n’abari guhungira i Mibirizi. Ibyavuzwe na Konseye Ngendahayo Léonard nta wabyitayeho, bahise bakomereza kuri Rutabingwa Eustache wari Konseye wa Segiteri Gashonga, asobanura ko muri segiteri ye Abatutsi bari kumuteza ibibazo, ko basigaye barara irondo ukwabo, hakaba hari abari guturuka ku Munyinya n’inka zabo bakamuzira muri segiteri ku buryo na we Interahamwe zatangiye kumutera bavuga ko ari Umututsi. Burugumesitiri yahise amusubiza ko ahumura, ko ibyo atari ikibazo. Inama yakomeje iha umwanya Konseye wa Segiteri Kimbagiro Gashema Pangras asobanura muri rusange ko Interahamwe zibamereye nabi, ko zirirwa zihiga Abatutsi. Mukamusoni Thacienne wari Konseye wa Segiteri Rwimbogo yakomeje we asobanura ko hari Interahamwe zo muri Nyenji n’i Muhwehwe ziri gutera kwa padiri ndetse hari n’umugabo zishe. Inama yakomeje baha umwanya buri konseye wa segiteri, agaragaza uko umutekano wifashe muri segiteri.302

Abakonseye bose bamaze gusobanura uko umutekano uhagaze muri segiteri zabo, aho abenshi bari bagaragaje ko

301 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SIBOMANA Cyrille ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 05 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.302 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Emmanuel mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 17 Ukwakira 2017.

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Abatutsi bamerewe nabi, ko barimo kwicwa, nta cyigeze kivugwa ku iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ryari ryatangiye hirya no hino muri Komini Gishoma. Kwicwa kw’Abatutsi nta cyo byari bibwiye abayobozi.303

Asoza inama, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yasabye abitabiriye inama gukomeza umurego bakarinda imipaka nti hagire Inyenzi ibasha kwinjira, ababwira ko uzateshuka kuri iyo nshingano azagira ingorane. Interahamwe zibonye ko inama isojwe nta cyo zinenzwe mu bikorwa zatangiye byo kwica Abatutsi, zasohotse mu nama zishimye, zivuga mu majwi aranguruye ko noneho zigiye gukaza umurego. Iyo nama niyo yafunguye ku mugaragaro Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Gishoma, Cyimbogo na Nyakabuye byahanaga imbibi.304

Uretse inama zaberaga kuri komini, hari kandi utunama twaberaga i Mushaka ku Mangazini akenshi tuyobowe na Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome ndetse na Président wa MRND Rwakana Vénant wakomokaga i Ruhoko muri Nzahaha. Ahagana mu kwezi kwa Gicurasi, Burugumesitiri Nkubito yakoresheje inama i Ruhoko, avuga ko amahoro yabonetse, ko abantu bataha mu ngo zabo. Muri iyo nama ariko, burugumesitiri yaciriye amarenga Interahamwe, aho yabazaga ati: “ko mbona ibihuru bikiri byose?” Abandi na bo baramusubiza bati “utubabarire nyakubahwa, ibyo bihuru tugiye kubitema uzagaruka usanga byarashize”. Muri iryo joro ni bwo bishe umugore wa Kanyarubungo Dismas n’abandi.305 Hari na none inama yabereye ku mugezi wa Gishoma iyobowe na Burugumesitiri Nkubito Chrysostome aho yavuze ko ubwicanyi bwahagaze, bituma n’abari bihishe bose bihishura ariko nyuma baricwa.306

4.11.2.2. Inama yo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 yabereye muri Komini Gisuma

Ku wa 12 Mata 1994, hari inama yabereye kwa Semondo iwe mu rugo. Semondo yari asanzwe ari umuntu ufite ubutunzi bwinshi kandi avuga rikijyana muri komini. Iyo nama yari yitabiriwe n’abaturage benshi cyane maze Semondo aca iteka ko umuntu wese witwa Umututsi agomba gupfa uretse Sebukwe

303 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SIBOMANA Cyrille ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali ku wa 5 Ukuboza 2017304 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIYAREMYE Ladislas mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 17 Ukwakira 2017.305 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUBANGUKA Emmanuel mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2017.306 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAYINGANA Félix mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017.

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Mathias kuko we ngo ni umusaza kandi afite umwana ari kumurerera. Undi yavuze utagomba kwicwa ni muramu we Cyriaque. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Nambajimana Donat wari muri iyo nama: “Jenoside itangiye twateraniye kwa Semondo turi benshi atubwira ko ikigiye gukorwa ari uguhiga Umututsi wese aho ari hose akicwa”.307 Amaze gutanga ubwo butumwa Semondo yahise atanga na essence mu kajerekani yo gutwikira Abatutsi, ifatwa n’umuhungu we witwaga Nzanywayimana, kuva ubwo bahita batangira kwica no gutwikira Abatutsi. Nk’uko byemezwa na Nzeyimana Jean Baptiste iyo nama ni imwe mu zatumye ubwicanyi bukwira hirya no hino muri Komini Gisuma.308

Uretse inama yabereye kwa Semondo, hari kandi inama Rwakazina Védaste wari Burigadiye wa Komini Gisuma yakoresheje ku kibuga cy’umupira mu Nyagatare. Ntihinyurwa Alfred asobanura ko muri iyo nama Rwakazina Védaste yashishikarije abayitabiriye kubanza kwica Abatutsi inka zabo bakazaba bazirya nyuma. Kuva ubwo ubwicanyi bwahise busakara muri Komini Gisuma, Interahamwe n’abaturage bakirirwa bica Abatutsi kugira ngo babone uko baza kwigabiza ibyabo.309

4.11.2.3. Inama yo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 yabereye muri Komini Nyakabuye

Ku wa 12 Mata 1994, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye Bwana Nsengumuremyi Diogène afatanyije na Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Bugumya Bwana Nsengimana Etienne batumiye abakonseye bose n’abahagarariye amashyaka mu nama yabereye kuri Komini Nyakabuye. Iyo nama yatangiwemo ubutumwa bwo kwica Abatutsi kuko nijoro ubwicanyi bwahise butangira. Inama irangiye habayeho ukujijisha Abatutsi kwakozwe na Burugumesitiri Nsengumuremyi Diogène wafashe indangururamajwi ajya ku isoko rya Nyakabuye avuga ko: „ubwicanyi buri kubera muri Karengera bugomba kuhaguma, ntibugere muri Nyakabuye, kandi namwe baturage ntihagire uhunga, ntimugire ikibazo abantu muryame musinzire”. Ibyo bikaba byari amayeri yo kuyobya uburari kubera ko byageze nijoro Abatutsi batangira kwicwa.310 Kuri iyo tariki kandi habaye

307 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NAMBAJIMANA Donat mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2017308 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZEYIMANA Jean Baptiste mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 11 Ukwakira 2017309 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTIHINYURWA Alfred mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 11 Ukwakira 2017310 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Jean Bosco mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017

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inama yabereye ahitwa ku Kaveya i Nyamubembe muri Komini Nyakabuye iyobowe na Rwanteri Védaste wari umurwanashyaka wa MDR. Iyo nama yatangiwemo ubutumwa bw’abantu bagomba gupfa.311

4.11.2.4. Izindi nama

Kuva muri Mata 1994, inama zitandukanye zakoreshejwe n’abayobozi hirya no hino mu makomini zitwa iz’umutekano, bagakora amalisiti y’abamaze kwicwa, maze abayobozi bagatanga ubutumwa bujijisha ko ubwicanyi bwahagaze, ko bunamuye icumu, basaba ko Abatutsi bataricwa bigaragaza. Ibyo ariko byari ibinyoma kubera ko uwihishuraga yahitaga yicwa.

Muri Komini Kamembe, Burugumesitiri Mubirigi Jean Napoléon yakoreshaga inama buri ku cyumweru yitaga iy’umutekano ikabera ku kibuga cya Kamashangi mu Mujyi wa Kamembe. Mu by’ukuri yabaga agamije gusuzuma aho ubwicanyi bugeze, abamaze kwicwa ndetse n’abasigaye bagomba gushakishwa. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Kwetumbari Joseph, nyuma y’inama yo ku wa 29 Mata 1994 hahise hicwa Abatutsi 9 barimo Rusamaki wari umu plombien, Sehene Jean wakoraga imigati, Kanyamagi wacuruzaga amagi n’inkoko, Vénuste wakoreraga imibare abacuruzi b’i Kamembe n’abandi.312

Muri Komini Cyimbogo, ku wa 3 Gicurasi 1994 Bandetse Edouard yakoresheje inama yahuje Interahamwe ze ibera i Mibirizi ku Ngoro, baganira ku buryo Interahamwe zigomba kujya kwica Padiri Boneza Joseph na Padiri Kabera Ignace bari bakiri kuri Paruwasi i Mibirizi. Amakuru yageze kuri Musenyeri bituma ku wa 4 Gicurasi 1994 ajya kureba Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel na Colonel Bavugamenshi Innocent wari umuyobozi mushya wa jandarumori muri Cyangugu kugira ngo baganire ku buryo bwo gukiza abapadiri be. Ibyo byatumye ku wa 5 Gicurasi 1994 Colonel Bavugamenshi Innocent abyukira i Mibirizi kuvugana na Bandetse Edouard na Padiri Mukuru Boneza Joseph. Uruzinduko rwe rwatanze agahenge kuko Colonel Bavugamenshi Innocent yahavuye bemeranyijwe na Bandetse ko Interahamwe ze zitagomba kongera gutera abapadiri n’impunzi zarokotse i Mibirizi.313

311 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MPABAREMPORE Juvenal mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017312 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KWETUMBALI Joseph mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2017313 Ndorimana Jean , op. cit, p.78

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Muri Komini Gafunzo Burugumesitiri yakoresheje inama yabereye ku Musave i Shangi, atanga ubutumwa ko ubwicanyi bwahagaze, ko bunamuye icumu, ko abihishe bigaragaza, ariko akongeraho ko umwanzi akiri wa wundi basanzwe bazi, baturanye. N’ubwo bavugaga ko ubwicanyi bwahagaze, ubutumwa batangaga bwakanguriraga abaturage gukomeza ubwicanyi. Kandi ni ko byagenze koko kubera ko umusaza witwa Révérien wahise yihishura bahise bamwica, bamutsinze kwa Hitimana.314 Hari na none inama Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gafunzo Karorero Charles yakoresheje asaba kugabana amasambu y’Abatutsi bishwe.315 Hari kandi inama y’abaturage yabereye kuri Segiteri Mukoma ku wa 9 Mata 1994 iyobowe na Konseye wa Segiteri Kanyarurembo. Muri iyo nama Konseye yavuze ko indege ya Habyarimana yarashwe n’Abatutsi. Kubera ko inama yarimo n’abasirikare, umusirikare witwaga Gahutu na Théodore w’i Gafuba bavuze ko bagomba gukaza amarondo kugira ngo hatagira Umututsi wambuka ajya muri Kongo, kandi ko umuntu wese wambutsa Umututsi azahita yicwa. Ubwo butumwa bwashimangiwe n’abacuruzi n’abavuga rikijyana barimo Simon Gashinyaguro, Niringiye Mariko alias Shitani, Sibomana Silas n’abandi. Kuri uwo munsi kandi inama nk’iyo yakoreshejwe muri Segiteri zose zigize Komini Gafunzo.316

Muri Komini Kirambo, hari inama yabereye mu rusengero rwa Méthodiste Libre Kiborora iyobowe na Habiyakare Eliezer, ikaba igarukwaho kuba imwe mu zanogeje umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi bo mu Kibogora.317

Hari kandi izindi nama zabereye ku biro bya Perefegitura ziyobowe na Perefe Bagambiki afatanyije n’abasirikari, muri Hotel Ituze, kuri komini, ku kibuga cy’indege cya Kamembe n’ahandi.

314 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKESHIMANA Pascal mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 02 Ugushyingo 2017315 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYITARAMA Epimaque mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 02 Ugushyingo 2017316 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZIRIRANE Pascal mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 2017 317 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAGORORA Jacques mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017.

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IGICE CYA GATANU

ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA

CYANGUGU

Ku wa 07 Mata 1994, nyuma y’itangazo ryasomwe kuri Radiyo Rwanda na RTLM ryashyizweho umukono na Colonel Bagosora mu izina rya Minisitiri w’Ingabo ryemezaga urupfu rw’umukuru w’igihugu Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal318, Interahamwe zo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu zahise zisuganya, zifatanyije n’abasirikare, abajandarume, aba burugumesitiri n’abandi bategetsi bo mu nzego z’ibanze hamwe n’abaturage batangira kwica Abatutsi.

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yakoranywe ubukana bwinshi kubera ko imyiteguro yari yarashyizwemo imbaraga zidasanzwe. Interahamwe zari zaratojwe neza kandi zifite ibikoresho bihagije ndetse zishyigikiwe n’ubutegetsi n’abavuga rikijyana muri Perefegitura. Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yarimo kandi abarwanashyaka benshi b’amashyaka ya MDR na CDR yaranzwe no kwimakaza urwango, amacakubiri n’ivangura, no gukangurira Abahutu kwitabira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Guhera muri Mata kugera muri Nyakanga 1994, Abatutsi benshi bagizwe n’abagabo, abagore n’abana bagabweho ibitero baricwa, bicirwa mu ngo zabo n’aho bahungiye. Abagabye ibitero barimo abapolisi, abasirikare, abajandarume, Interahamwe n’abaturage. Abicanyi nta cyo bikangaga, babyukaga bajya guhiga no kwica abaturanyi babo babaziza gusa ko ari Abatutsi. Kubera umwete Interahamwe zari zifite, zibyuka zijya guhiga no kwica Abatutsi aho bahungiye, mu ngo ndetse no hirya no hino mu bihuru, byatumye ku wa 30 Mata 1994 RTLM itangaza ko Abatutsi bose mu gihugu bazaba bishwe bitarenze tariki ya 4 Gicurasi 1994. Iyo tariki ikaba ari wo munsi wari wateganyijwe wo gushyingura uwari Perezida Habyarimana Juvénal.

318 Indege Perezida Habyarimana Juvenal yaguyemo hamwe na Ntaryamira Cyprien wari Perezida w’Uburundi, Generali Majoro Nsabimana Déogratias wari Umugaba Mukuru w’Ingabo z’u Rwanda, Dogiteri Akingeneye Emmanuel wari Umuganga wa Perezida Habyarimana na Koloneli Elie Sagatwa wari Chef de Cabinet du Ministère de la Defence, beau frère et Secretaire particulier du Président.

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5.1 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe

Komini Kamembe yarimo icyicaro cya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Ni yo yabarizwagamo Umujyi wa Cyangugu (Kamembe) n’ubuyobozi bw’inzego za gisivili na gisirakare ku rwego rwa perefegitura. Yabarizwagamo ikigo cya gisirikare cya Camp Karambo cyari gikuriwe mu 1994 na LT Imanishimwe Samuel, ubuyobozi bwa jandarumori bwari bukuriwe na Lt Colonel Ladislas Munyarugerero wasimbuwe na Colonel Bavugamenshi Innocent mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Mata ndetse n’Ubushinjacyaha bwari bukuriwe na Ndorimana wari wungirijwe na Nchamihigo Siméon. 5.1.1 Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe

Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiraga gushyirwa mu bikorwa, kwica Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe byahereye mu mujyi wa Kamembe. Ku wa 7 Mata 1994 ahagana i saa yine za mu gitondo, hishwe Docteur Nagapfizi Ignace wari Médecin Directeur de la Région Sanitaire de Cyangugu wari umurwanashyaka wa PL, yakwikiwe imbere y’iwe319 ahitwa ku Mucyo. Hishwe kandi Karangwa wari umucuruzi ukomeye mu Mujyi wa Kamembe, ari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa PSD i Cyangugu, hicwa Niyonzima Anicet wari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa PL, Ndayisaba n’umuryango we, Kongo wari umucuruzi ukomeye i Kamembe n’abandi.320 Kubera ko Interahamwe zasaga n’iziteguye kandi zaratojwe bihagije, ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi zarabihawe, ubwicanyi bwahise busakara muri Komini Kamembe yose. Mu yahoze ari Segiteri Kamembe, Abatutsi biciwe mu Kadasomwa, kuri Stade Kamarampaka no mu nkengero zayo, mu yahoze ari Serire Gatovu no hirya no hino mu Mujyi wa Kamembe.

Abatutsi biciwe kandi mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rwahi ku biro bya Komini Kamembe. Abatutsi biciwe na none mu yahoze ari Segiteri Muhari cyane cyane muri Serire Kamatita na

319 Ndorimana Jean , op. Cit., p.40320 ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Ncamihigo Siméon, Case No. ICTR-2001-63-A,. 2010, p.60, Igika cya 181

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Kamanyenga. Abatutsi biciwe mu yahoze ari Segiteri Cyibumba muri Serire Kazungu, imirambo bayijugunya mu Kiyaga cya Kivu. Abatutsi bo ku Nkombo bo biciwe muri Bigoga i Gisunyu ndetse no muri Gashenyi, imirambo bayijugunya mu kiyaga cya Kivu. Abatutsi bo muri Nkanka n’ibice bihegereye bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nkanka ndetse no ku biro bya Komini Kamembe bakeka ko bashobora kuharokokera ariko si ko byagenze, Interahamwe zarahabasanze zirabica. Mu Kagari ka Muyange ku Rusunyu hishwe Abatutsi benshi barimo Hategekimana, Habiyaremye Fiacre, Twagiramungu JMV, Habyarimana Marc, Kubwimana, Itegekwanande, Gakwaya Vénuste, Gakwandi Théoneste, Mukankusi Marie n’abandi. Abenshi muri bo imirambo yabo bayijugunye mu Kiyaga cya Kivu. Igitero cyabishe cyari kiyobowe na Ntakirutimana Viateur wari umusirikare, Sezibera Epimaque, Hagena n’abandi.321 Abatutsi biciwe kandi mu ngo zabo aho bari batuye, aho bihishe mu bihuru, mu baturanyi n’ahandi.

Mu bari ku isonga mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe harimo Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kamembe Mubiligi Jean- Napoléon, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, LT Imanishimwe Samuel wayoboraga ikigo cya gisirikare cya Karambo, Siméon Nchamihigo wari Umushinjacyaha i Cyangugu, Nyandwi Christophe, Gatera Casmir wari Burigadiye wa Komini Kamembe n’abandi.

5.1.2 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Stade Kamarampaka no mu nkengero zayo

Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Bucyana Martin wari Perezida wa CDR, Abatutsi barahizwe bikomeye, amazu yabo aratwikwa, andi arasenywa, imitungo yabo irasahurwa, biba ngombwa ko bahungira mu Kigo cya Centre de Pastorale ‘INCUTI’ kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu.

Abahahungiye bahagiriye agahenge k’agahe gato, abenshi muri bo babasha no gusubira mu byabo n’ubwo ibyinshi byari byarangijwe. Hasigaye gusa abagera kuri 45 bo mu miryango

321 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagali ka Muyange, Umurenge wa Nkanka, Akarere ka Rusizi

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ya Habimana Jean Marie Vianney, Sibomana Bénoit, Nkata Bernard, Bushiru Gaëtan na Gakwaya Théophile, bakomeza kuhaba kugera ku wa 7 Mata 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiraga.322 Kuba Abatutsi barahungiye kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu bakaharokokera, byatumye kuva ku wa 7 Mata 1994 Abatutsi benshi baturutse Giheke, Nyakanyinya, Gihundwe, Nkanka n’ahandi bongera kuhahungira. Mu gihe Jenoside yashyirwaga mu bikorwa ariko nta mahoro bahagiriye kubera ko Interahamwe zahoraga zibagabaho ibitero zikabica. Nk’uko bigaragara mu gitabo cya Ndorimana Jean, ku wa 11 Mata 1994, Yusufu Munyakazi aherekejwe n’Interahamwe ze yabyukiye kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu agiye gushaka umukwe we witwaga Ntawiha Emmanuel wari usanzwe ari Umwarimu ku Ishuri Nderabarezi rya Mururu (Ecole Normale Primaire de Mururu), ahageze amukura mu bagombaga kwicwa aramujyana. Ndorimana Jean asobanura ko icyo gitero cyanyanyagije impunzi, abagera kuri batanu bicirwa mu kigo cya Gisirikare.323

Bimaze kugaragara ko Abatutsi bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu nabo bashobora kwicwa nk’uko byari bimaze kuba hirya no hino ku maparuwasi, abayobozi ba Diyosezi bigiriye inama yo gushinganisha impunzi zigera ku bihumbi bitanu bari bamaze kwakira. Umutangabuhamya LY mu rubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Minisitiri André Ntagerura, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel la LT Imanishimwe Samwel asobanura ko kuwa 14 Mata 1994 Musenyeri Ntihinyurwa Thaddée na Ndorimana Jean wayoboraga Katedrali ya Cyangugu bagiranye inama na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, Lt Imanishimwe Samuel, Munyarugerero Vincent wayoboraga Jandarumori na Procureur Ndorimana wayobora Ubushinjacyaha muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Muri iyo nama yabereye kwa Musenyeri, abayobozi ba Kiriziya basabye ko ubuyobozi bwakwita ku mpunzi zabahungiyeho, bakabacungira umutekano, bashimangira kandi ko ubuyobozi bubishatse, impunzi bafite zabona umutekano usesuye. Nk’uko kandi bigaragara no mu gitabo cya Ndorimana Jean, umutangabuhamya LY akomeza asobanura ko Imanishimwe

322 Ndorimana Jean, op. cit., p.35323 Ndorimana Jean, op. Cit., p.43-44.

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yabwiye abitabiriye inama ko amaherezo izo mpunzi zizicwa keretse Kiriziya isabye RPF guhagarika imirwano. Inama yarangiye Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel abwiye Musenyeri ko bagiye kwiga kuri icyo kibazo.324

Ku wa 15 Mata 1994 ahagana i saa cyenda (15h), Perefe Bagambiki Emanuel ari kumwe na Lt Imanishimwe Samuel na Munyarugerero Vincent bagiye kureba Musenyeri, bamugezaho umwanzuro wafashwe wo kwimurira impunzi muri Stade Kamarampaka kubera ko aho bari kuri Katedrali ari hato batabasha kubarindira umutekano uko bikwiye. Impunzi zahise ziterana, zimenyeshwa umwanzuro wafashwe, ariko zanga kubyemera kugeza abayobozi ba Diyosezi babijeje ko ariho abategetsi bahisemo kubarindira umutekano.325

Kubera ubwoba bwinshi impunzi zagize, Musenyeri Ntihinyurwa Thaddée yahise abajya imbere, abandi baramu-kurikira, bagenda bari ku mirongo ine iringaniye nk’uko byari byategetswe n’abayobozi.326 Kugenda ku mirongo byafashije abayobozi kumenya abantu bose bagiye muri stade, bityo abo bakeneye bakazajya kubafata bizeye neza ko ari ho bari. Mu ibanga rikomeye hasigaye kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu Habimana Jean Marie Vianney alias Gapfumu wari umucuruzi, abapadiri bari bamuhishe muri plafond, hamwe na Gatake Ananie, Vital na Félicien.327 Impunzi zigeze muri Stade zakomeje kwiyongera kuko haje Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri Groupe Scolaire ya Gihundwe n’abandi baturutse hirya no hino mu nkengero za Stade. Muri Stade Kamarampaka nta mpunzi n’imwe yari yemerewe gusohoka, ababigeragezaga bahitaga bicwa. Aho kurindirwa umutekano nk’uko bari babyijejwe, buri munsi Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, Lt Imanishimwe Samuel n’abo bari bafatanyije bazaga muri Stade igihe cyose bashakiye gutwara abo bajya kwica bahereye cyane cyane ku bajijutse (abize) n’abacuruzi.

324 ICTR, The Prosecutor Vs. André Ntagerura, Emmanuel Bagambiki , Samwel Imanishimwe, Case No. ICTR-99-46-T, 2004, p.58, Igika cya 227, Bigaragara kandi mu gitabo cya Ndorimana Jean, op. Cit., p.53-54.

325 ICTR, The Prosecutor Vs. André Ntagerura, Emmanuel Bagambiki, Samwel Imanishimwe, Case No. ICTR-99-46-T, 2004, p.59, Igika cya 228.326 ICTR, The Prosecutor Vs. André Ntagerura, Emmanuel Bagambiki, Samwel Imanishimwe, Case No. ICTR-99-46-T, 2004, p.59, Igika cya 229.327 ICTR, The Prosecutor Vs. André Ntagerura, Emmanuel Bagambiki, Samwel Imanishimwe, Case No. ICTR-99-46-T, 2004, p. 59, Igika cya 230.

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Ni muri urwo rwego ku wa 16 Mata 1994 ahagana i saa kumi, nyuma y’umunsi umwe gusa impunzi zikuwe kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu, aba mbere bahise basohorwa muri Stade bajya kwicwa. Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yinjiye muri Stade Kamarampaka ari kumwe na Lt Imanishimwe Samuel, Komanda Munyarugerero Vincent wari ukuriye jandarumori i Cyangugu, Substitut du Procureur Nchamihigo Siméon, Procureur Ndorimana, Superefe Kamonyo, Nyandwi Christophe, Remesha Siméon wari Directeur wa Groupe Scolaire ya Gihundwe n’abandi basirikari. Perefe yahise asaba impunzi kwegerana, maze arababwira ati:

Hano muhateraniye muturutse mu mpande zitandukanye kandi muri benshi, bityo ejo bazatangira kubazanira ibyo kurya n’ibikoresho by’isuku. Akomeza avuga ariko ko hari abantu aje kureba basize bakoreye bene wabo ibyaha, abaturage bakaba babashinja kuba bari batunze imbunda na grenades, kandi ko hari n’abari batunze n’amaradiyo yo kuvuganiraho n’Inkotanyi. Asaba ko uwo baza guhamagara kuri lisiti bafite ahaguruka akaza imbere y’abandi. Perefe Bagambiki yahise asaba Komanda Munyarugerero Vincent gusoma amazina bari bafite kuri lisiti. Komanda Munyarugerero Vincent yahamagaye abantu 13 barimo Nzisabira Trojan, Mihigo Rémy, Sibomana Bénoît, Mugabo Dominique, Ndorimana Appien, Fidèle, Murekezi Fidele, Mugabo Albert, Ibambasi, Nsengiyumva Léonard, Twagiramungu Albert, Nkata Bernard na Marianne Baziruwiha. Nyuma bahise babasohora muri Stade. Bageze hanze biyongereye kuri Habimana Jean Marie Vianney alias Gapfumu, Gatake Ananie alias Problème wari usanzwe ari umucuruzi, Vital wakoraga amashanyarazi i Kamembe na Félicien wari waraturutse i Shangi, bo bari babakuye kuri Paruwasi Katedrali ya Cyangugu aho bari basigaye bihishe. Abo bose bahise babapakira imodoka ya Daihatsu bari bazanye. Baziruwiha Marianne wari usanzwe akora kuri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu akuriye service agricole yasabye ko atagenda muri Daihatsu, maze ajyana na Komanda Munyarugerero Vincent mu

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modoka yarimo. Abajyanywe muri ya Daihatsu bahise bajya kwicirwa mu Gatandara, Marianne Baziruwiha acikishwa na Komanda Munyarugerero Vincent wamujyanye iwe, arokoka atyo. Madamu Baziruwiha Marianne yari Perezida wa PSD muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ariko akomoka i Butare. Imirambo y’abishwe bayijugunye mu cyobo kwa Habimana Jean Marie Vianney alias Gapfumu i Kamarebe mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mutongo.328

Ku wa 22 Mata 1994 ahagana i saa kumi n’ebyiri (18h), S/LT Irankunda yagiye muri Stade asohora abantu 15 barimo Substitut Nkusi Géorge, Damascène wari Ingénieur wa Projet Pêche i Cyangugu, Karemera Joseph wari Directeur w’amashuri abanza, Kayiranga Gilbert wari umuyobozi w’Abakarisimatike, Kamuzinzi Jean Damascène wari umwarimu anakurikirana imirimo ya Centrale Gatolika ya Munyove, Hakizimana Joseph wakoraga imirimo y’ubuvunjayi ku Rusizi rwa 1 n’abandi. Bose bahise bajya kwicwa kuko ntawongeye kumenya agakuru kabo.329

Ku itariki ya 28 Mata 1994, batwaye na none Abatutsi bagera kuri 40 bajya kwicwa. Ibyo byateye agahinda gakomeye impunzi zasigaye muri Stade, zibona ko amaherezo zizashira Interahamwe zibica buhoro buhoro maze zigira inama yo kuhava zitorotse zigahungira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ni bwo mu rukerera rwo ku wa 29 Mata 1994 ahagana saa kumi za mu gitondo (4h) impunzi zasohotse muri Stade, zifata inzira zerekera ku mupaka ujya muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Uwo mugambi ntiwahiriye impunzi kubera ko zigenze nka metero 700 Interahamwe zahise zibimenya, zirabagota maze zifatanyije n’abasirikare zibicamo benshi nk’uko bisobanurwa na Kayihura Théoneste:

Twabonye nta gisigaye ko bagiye kutumara, dufata umwanzuro wo gutoroka tugahungira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Muri uwo mugambi twiremyemo amatsinda umunani: itsinda rya mbere ritangiza urugendo andi akurikiraho. Abari mu itsinda

328 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Nchamihigo Siméon, Case No. ICTR-01-63-T, Judjement and Sentence, urupapuro rwa 38, igika cya 176, 178; urupapuro rwa 47, igika cya 220.329 Ndorimana Jean, op. cit., p.69

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rya mbere tugeze hafi y’umupaka twasanze Interahamwe zadutangatanze zitangira kudutemugura. Tugarutse dusanga n’inyuma abasirikare batangiye kuturasa, baratwica, uwo munsi hishwe abantu benshi cyane. Abagize amahirwe yo kurokoka twasubiye muri Stade. Imana ni yo yonyine yakinze akaboko kuko bari biyemeje kutwica bakatumara.330

Kuba impunzi zaragerageje gutoroka byateye Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel umujinya no kwibaza icyakorwa kuko yaketse ko hari igihe bashobora gutoroka koko. Ni bwo mu nama y’umutekano yo ku wa 10 Gicurasi 1994 yabereye ku Ngoro ya MRND ku musozi wa Cyangugu hafashwe icyemezo cyo kubajyana i Nyarushishi. Iyo nama yari iyobowe na Minisitiri w’Amashuri Makuru n’Ubushakashatsi mu by’Ubuhanga Mbangura Daniel.331 Imyanzuro y’inama yahise ishyirwa bu bikorwa, maze bukeye ku wa 11 Gicurasi 1994 icyiciro cya mbere cy’Abatutsi bari muri Stade Kamarampaka bajyanwa mu Nkambi i Nyarushishi baherekejwe n’Abakorerabushake ba CICR. Ku wa 14 Gicurasi 1994, icyiciro cya kabiri cyajyanywe i Nyarushishi.332 Ku wa 11 Kamena 1994, inama y’umutekano ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yanzuye ko impunzi zose zisigaye muri Stade Kamarampaka zijyanwa i Nyarushishi. Sinzabakwira Straton asobanura ko uwo mwanzuro wahise ushyirwa mu bikorwa ku buryo kugera mu ma saa kumi (16h) nta mpunzi n’imwe yari isigaye muri Stade.

Umutangabuhamya mu rubanza Ubushinjacyaha bure-gamo Minisitiri Ntagerura André, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel na Lt Imanishimwe Samwel asobanura ko icyemezo cyo kujyana impunzi i Nyarushishi cyafashwe nyuma y’ubusabe bw’Abayobozi ba Diyosezi ya Cyangugu na CICR batahwemye kugaragaza ko ibibazo by’imibereho mibi y’impunzi ziri muri Stade byakemurwa, maze ubuyobozi bwa Perefegitura bufata umwanzuro wo kubajyana i Nyarushishi bavuga ko ho hari ibikenerwa bya ngombwa (imisarane, amazi, amashitingi...)333

330 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYIHURA Théoneste mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 11 Ukwakira 2017 331 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Straton ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.332 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ukwakira 2017.

333 ICTR, The Prosecutor Vs. André Ntagerura, Emmanuel Bagambiki , Samwel Imanishimwe, Case No. ICTR-99-46-T, 2004, p.162, igika cya 601

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dore ko hari hasanzwe hari inkambi yabagamo impunzi z’Abarundi.

Mu bari ku isonga mu bikorwa by’ubwicanyi bwahitanye Abatutsi muri Stade Kamarampaka harimo Emmanuel Bagambiki wari perefe wa Cyangugu, LT Samuel Imanishimwe wayoboraga ikigo cya gisirikare cya Karambo, Siméon Nchamihigo wari umushinjacyaha i Cyangugu, Munyarugerero Vincent wayoboraga jandarumori i Cyangugu n’abandi. Abatutsi bose biciwe kuri Stade Kamarampaka no mu nkengero zayo bashyinguye mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kamembe.

5.1.3 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Mujyi wa Kamembe

Kuva ku wa 7 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bahise batangira kwicwa mu Mujyi wa Kamembe. Umuntu wa mbere wishwe rugikubita ni Docteur Nagapfizi Ignace wishwe n’Interahamwe zamutwikiye muri matelas mu ma saa yine za mu gitondo (10h), yicirwa imbere y’ahitwa ku Mucyo. Kuva ubwo ubwicanyi bwahise bukwira muri Kamembe yose. Nk’uko Nikuze Maya wari utuye Kamashangi mu Mujyi wa Kamembe abisobanura:

Kuva ku wa 7 Mata 1994, Abatutsi batangiye kwicwa. Igitero cya mbere cyishe Abatutsi muri Kamembe cyaturutse ku Ibarabara rya kabiri ( 2). Interahamwe zigeze ku kazu k’amazi zigabanyijemo amatsinda atatu (3) zimwe zijya kwica muri Cité, izindi zijya kwica mu Kannyogo. Itsinda rya gatatu (3) ryagiye muri Mbangira. Mu bishwe ni ibyo bitero harimo Maniraguha Déo, Sehene, Kanyamagi n’abandi. Nyuma imibiri yabo yashyinguwe Kamashangi.334

Abatutsi bo mu Mujyi wa Kamembe bishwe kandi n’igitero cy’Abarundi cyaje gisaka muri buri rugo, cyica Gakuba n’abandi. Hari kandi Abatutsi bakuraga hirya no hino bakajya kubicira inyuma y’isoko rya Kamembe no kuri Segiteri ya Kamembe.335

Ku wa 31 Gicurasi 1994 nibwo hakozwe igikorwa cyo kujya kujugunya mu byobo rusange imirambo y’Abatutsi biciwe mu mihanda mu mujyi wa Kamembe no mu nkengero zawo.

334 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIKUZE Maya mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 11 Ukwakira 2017335 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KWETUMBALI Joseph mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2017

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Imirambo yatwawe n’imodoka ya Daihatsu y’uruganda rwa SONAFRUITS rwakoreraga muri Komini Cyimbogo. Iyo modoka yari yahawe ikirango cya CROIX-ROUGE. Nzeyimana Pius wasimburanaga na Mivumbi Damien bombi bari aba Assistants Médicaux, bafatanyije n’itsinda ry’abagororwa bari bariyise “Rwaserera” bakoze akazi ko gupakira iyo mirambo no kuyihamba aho imodoka yajyaga kuyijugunya hirya no hino mu byobo rusange.336

Ku wa 4 Kamena 1994, abasirikare bakoze isaka urugo ku rundi mu Mujyi wa Kamembe bavuga ko bari gushaka Inkotanyi n’ibyitso byazo. Ibyo byakozwe nyuma y’ibihuha byari byakwirakwijwe ko hari impunzi zasohotse muri Stade Kamarampaka zijya kwihisha mu mujyi. Bagiye babaza indangamuntu buri muntu wese maze abo zanditseho ko ari Abatutsi babashyira ku ruhande nyuma barabajyana barabica.337

Abatutsi bo mu mujyi wa Kamembe bishwe n’abasirikare n’abajandarume bafatanyije n’Interahamwe zari zuzuye hirya no hino. Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca zigaragaza ko mu bamamaye mu bikorwa byo gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Mujyi wa Kamembe harimo Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, LT Imashimwe Samwel wayoboraga Camp Karambo, Bayingana Bernardin wari umurwanshyaka ukomeye wa CDR, Gahutu Théogene wari Umujandarume, Nyandwi Alexandre wari umupolisi n’umurwanshyaka wa MDR, Nabonibo Edmond wari umuhesha w’Inkiko n’umurwashyaka ukomeye wa CDR, Gasigisigi Thomas washishikarizaga urubyiruko kwitabira imitwe yitwara gisirikare, Mukene Pacal Ajida wari Interahamwe, Badaha wari umusirikare, Nchamihigo Siméon wari Substitut wa Procureur, Nywandwi Christophe, Nahimana Pontien wari umuyobozi wa Gereza ya Cyangugu, Kajangwe Célestin wari umucamanza aba no mu itsinda bitaga ubumwe bw’Abahutu (Tuva indi imwe), Emile wari Konseye wa Segiteri Kamembe, Nkubili Paulin, Rwagakinga, Ntaganira Nathan, Rurangirwa, Uwabuzake Bosco, Bantali Ripa, Majyambere Eliphaz, Superefe Munyengabe Théodore, Ruberanziza Marc bitaga Bikomagu wari umusirikare, Ngagi na Bareberaho bari aba douaniens, Mubumbyi Manassée wari

336 Ndorimana Jean, op. cit., p.91337 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYIGIRE Vincent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017

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Interahamwe akaba n’umucuruzi, Gafaranga, Bandetse Edouard, Kimputu Salomon, Mubirigi Napoléon wari Burugu-mesitiri wa Komini Kamembe n’abandi.338 Abatutsi biciwe mu Mujyi wa Kamembe bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kamembe.

5.1.4 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Kadasomwa

Ku wa 14 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bari bavuye i Munyove, Nyagatare na Shagasha mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma bahunga ubwicanyi berekeza kuri Stade Kamarampaka biciwe mu Kadasomwa mu Murenge wa Kamembe. Nk’uko byasobanuwe n’umutangabuhamya mu rubanza Ubushinjacyaha bwarega-gamo Minisitiri Ntagerura André, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel na Samuel Imanishimwe:

Kugera ku wa 14 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bo muri Komini Gisuma bari bihishe mu mashyamba no mu bihuru babonye ko ubwicanyi bwakomeye kandi ko Interahamwe zakajije umurego wo guhiga no kwica Abatutsi hirya no hino bafata umwanzuro wo guhungira kuri Stade Kamarampaka. Mu gihe berekezaga kuri Stade bagiye bahura n’abandi mu nzira ku buryo babaye benshi, bagera hagati ya 400 na 500. Interahamwe zibabonye buzuye umuhanda zarabakurikiye. Bageze ku kiraro cyo mu Kadasomwa ku muhanda werekeza kuri Stade Kamarampaka, bahuye n’imodoka irimo abasirikare bane (4). Abasirikare babiri bahise bava mu modoka bategeka impunzi zose kwicara hasi mu muhanda aho bari bageze. Abandi bahise bikomereza, nyuma ba bandi bicaje impunzi bategeka abasore babiri b’impunzi kubara impunzi zose zari aho. Hashize iminota igera kuri 30 ahagana i saa 11h30, ba basirikare babiri bari bakomeje bagarukanye na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, ahageze arahagarara arabitegereza maze Perefe ababaza aho bagiye. Bamaze kumusubiza ko bashaka gusanga abandi kuri Stade Kamarampaka, Bagambiki yabasubije yikiza, ababwira ko bajya kwa

338 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagali ka Gatovu, Umurenge wa Kamembe, Akarere ka RUSIZI.

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padiri, ko abandi ari ho bari. Ako kanya ba basirikare bose na Perefe buriye imodoka barigendera. Mu kanya gato ba basirikare bahise barasa mu kirere bisa nk’aho byari ikimenyetso bahaye Interahamwe cyo gutangira akazi kazo. Nyuma yo kurasa hejuru Interahamwe nyinshi zari zabakurikiye ariko zihishe mu bihuru zahise zituruka hirya no hino, kubera ko zari zamaze kubagota, maze zibiraramo n’imihoro n’amacumu zirabica.339

N’ubwo Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwa ICTR ruvuga ko Ubushinjacyaha butagaraje mu buryo budashidikanywaho uruhare rwa Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Kadasomwa, uruhare rwe rurigaragaza kubera ko iyo ategeka abasirikare guherekeza impunzi z’Abatutsi bashakaga kujya kuri Stade Kamarampaka, bari kuhagera mu mahoro bakahasanga abandi. Ibyo ariko ntiyabikoze, ahubwo yahisemo kwigendera we n’abasirikare be kandi azi neza ko Interahamwe zamaze kubagota. Kubasigira Interahamwe yari azi neza ko nta kindi kigiye gukurikiraho uretse kubica. Abatutsi biciwe mu Kadasomwa bashyinguwe mu mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kamembe.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kamembe

339 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Minisitiri NTAGERURA André, BAGAMBIKI Emmanuel na IMANISHIMWE Samuel ( case No.ICTR-99-46-T).

Urwibutso rwa Kamembe ruri i ruhande rwa Stade Kamarampaka, rushyinguyemo Abatutsi biciwe muri Stade, mu Kadasomwa kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu no mu nkengero zayo.

(Ifoto yafashwe na Nikuze Donatien, ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017)

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5.1.5 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nkanka

Kuva ku wa 7 Mata 1994, ubwo Abatutsi bari batangiye kwicwa, abenshi bahise batangira guhungira kuri Paruwasi ya Nkanka baturutse cyane cyane muri Komini Gisuma no mu bice bya Komini Kamembe bihegereye. Kuri Paruwasi bakirwaga na Padiri Mukuru Ngirinshuti Thaddée ndetse na Padiri Busunyu Baudouin.

Impunzi z’Abatutsi zimaze kuba nyinshi kuri Paruwasi, Komini yohereje abapolisi babiri bo kuzirinda barimo Ndangamira Jacques n’undi. Gusa ntikwari ukuzirindira umutekano ahubwo kwari ukugira ngo hatagira abatoroka. Abatutsi babaga mu mazu ya Paruwasi, mu Kiriziya, ku Kigo Nderabuzima cya Nkanka no mu mashuri.

Bimaze kumenyekana ko Abatutsi bari guhungira kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nkanka, Interahamwe zahise zifunga inzira zose zijyayo zishyira bariyeri mu Rugabano rwa Kiyumba na Nkanka, mu rugabano rwa Rusunyu na Nkanka n’ahandi, maze uziguyeho aho zategeye zigahita zimwica. Ibyo byatumye Abatutsi bashakaga guhungira kuri Paruwasi babura aho banyura maze bahungira kuri komini bakeka ko wenda bashobora kuhabonera amahoro kubera ko ari mu buyobozi.340

Kuba Abatutsi barahungiye kuri Paruwasi ntibyashimishije Interahamwe zumvaga ko zakabaye zarangije kubica. Ibyo byatumye ku wa 15 Mata 1994 Ndungutse Jean Marie Vianey wari umwe mu Nterahamwe zari zariyise Abakaridinali ajya kureba Padiri Mukuru Ngirinshuti Thaddée amubwira ko badashaka kujya bumvira misa hamwe n’Abatutsi, kandi ko babavira muri Kiriziya. Kubera uburakari Ndungutse Jean Marie Vianey yari afite Padiri yamwijeje ko abikemura. Ni bwo ku wa 17 Mata 1994 Padiri Mukuru yasabye ko abari bahungiye mu Kiriziya basohoka bakajya mu kibuga no mu mashuri ya Nkanka, asaba kandi ko bajya baza mu misa ya nimugoroba Abahutu bo bayijemo mu gitondo. Padiri yangaga ko hazagira

340 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NSENGIYUMA Théophile mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017.

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abahohotera abandi. Yahise kandi asaba ko ababana badashyi-ngiwe bashyingirwa, abana batabatije bakabatizwa.341

- Inama yo ku wa 17 Mata 1994 yanogeje umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi bari kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nkanka

Ku wa 17 Mata habaye inama yabereye kuri Komini Kamembe yanogeje umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nkanka. Iyo nama yabereye mu muhezo yitabirwa n’inkoramutima za Burugumesitiri Mubirigi Jean Napoléon. Padiri Mukuru Ngirinshuti Thaddée ni umwe mu bari muri iyo nama. Hemejwe ko Interahamwe n’abaturage bagomba guhurira ahitwa ku Gatebe mu gitondo cyo ku wa 18 Mata 1994 bakajya kwica Abatutsi bari kuri Paruwasi ya Nkanka.342

Ibyemezo byafatiwe muri iyo nama byateye ishavu n’agahinda Padiri Ngirinshuti Thaddée kugeza ubwo bitamushobokeye gusoza igitambo cya Misa yasomye ku mugoroba wo ku wa 17 Mata. Mu gihe yarimo atura igitambo cya Misa, Padiri Ngirinshuti Thaddée yituye hasi ari kuri Aritali, bahamukura bamuteruye, Misa ikomezwa na mugenzi we Padiri Busunyu Baudouin. Padiri Mukuru Ngirinshuti Thaddée yahise ajyanwa mu cyumba cye kuruhuka ku buryo kugera ku wa 18 Mata Interahamwe zagabye igitero kuri Paruwasi atarabasha kweguka.343

- Igitero cyo ku wa 18 Mata 1994

Mu rukerera rwo ku wa 18 Mata 1994, Interahamwe ziturutse ku Rusunyu, i Muhari, ku Rwahi, i Munyove mu Gisuma no muri Nkanka bahuriye kuri Paruwasi ya Nkanka ahagana i saa 6h30 za mu gitondo. Interahmwe zimaze kwisuganya zatangije ubwicanyi haterwa gerenade 3 nyuma hakurikiraho urufaya rw’amasasu.344

341 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIYITEGEKA Florien ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali 23 Werurwe 2018. 342 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HAGENIMANA Emmanuel mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017343 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIYITEGEKA Florien ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 23 Werurwe 2018, Kigali.344 kiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUTERANA Thaddé mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017.

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Interahamwe zahereye mu mazu y’abapadiri, Abatutsi zihasanze zirabica zirabamara. Zakomereje ku mashuri ariko abagabo bari bahari bagerageza kwirwanaho bakoresheje amabuye. Abagore n’abana basenyaga amashuri bazanira abagabo amatafari yo kurwanisha. Kubera ko amashuri yari akikijwe n’uruzitiro, byagoye Interahamwe kwinjira kubera amabuye impunzi zateraga, bityo Interahamwe na zo zibicisha amagerenade gusa bateraga bari inyuma y’uruzitiro. Interahamwe zibonye ko bitari bubashobokere kwinjira mu Kigo cy’amashuri zakomeje zijya kwica Abatutsi bari mu Kigo Nderabuzima cya Nkanka. Kubera ko Abatutsi bari bahari abenshi bari abarwayi, abasaza, abakecuru n’abanyantege nke, Interahamwe zarahabasanze zirabica zirabamara.345

Kwica byamaze umwanya muremure ku buryo kugera mu ma saa saba (13h) amasasu na gerenade byari bikivuga. Wari umugambi wari wateguwe neza. Saa saba zirenga iminota mike, Nyandwi Christophe yageze ku Nkanka ari mu modoka ya Suzuku. Ahageze yakoresheje Interahamwe akanama kamaze umwanya muto cyane, maze hahita hagwa imvura nyinshi cyane yahise itatanya za Nterahamwe, zihita zinataha. N’ubwo hari hishwe Abatutsi benshi, uwo munsi Interahamwe zatashye zitabashije kwinjira mu mashuri yarimo impunzi n’ubwo gerenade zatewe mo zishe umubare munini w’abari bahari.346

Nimugoroba Abatutsi bari barokotse bakoze akanama, bavuga ko ubundi nta makiriro bafite aho bahungiye. Uretse abari bakomeretse cyane, abandi bahise bafata umwanzuro wo kuhava, bakerekeza kuri Stade Kamarampaka. Bagiye mu byiciro kugira ngo ab’imbere bagende batata uko umutekano wifashe mu nzira banyuramo, gusa abagezeyo ni mbarwa kuko abenshi bagiye bacakirana n’Interahamwe mu nzira zikabica.347


Ku wa 19 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zabyutse zisubira ku Nkanka kwica abasigaye, zihageze zisanga abantu bagiye. Zahise zifata umwanzuro wo kujya kwica kuri Komini kuko hari hakiri

345 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUTERANA Thaddé mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017.346 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIYITEGEKA Florien ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 23 Werurwe 2018, Kigali.347 Ikiganiro Umushakashatsi yagiranye n’umutangabuhamya RUTERANA Thaddé mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017.

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abahahungiye. Interahamwe zageze kuri Komini Burugumesitiri Mubirigi ataragera ku kazi. Zahise zinjira mu nzu yarimo impunzi zisohora abagabo n’abana b’abahungu barimo, maze babambika ubusa, babicira mu Kibuga cya Komini no mu muhanda imbere ya Komini n’imbere y’inzu ya IGA, barangije imirambo bayisiga aho. Abatutsi biciwe kuri Komini bishwe Gatera Casmir wari Burigadiye wa Komini Kamembe n’abapolisi ba Komini bose bahari barebera.348

Niyitegeka Florien asobanura ko Burugumesitiri Mubirigi yageze kuri Komini nimugoroba, asanga imirambo yuzuye imbere ya Komini. Ahageze yahaye Liboneye François na Sebasare Bernard amafaranga ngo bakureho iyo mirambo bahita babakurura babataba mu miferege hafi aho. Abagore n’utwana tw’udukobwa batishwe bakomeje kuba aho kuri Komini kugeza bajyanywe mu Nkambi i Nyarushishi.

Niyitegeko Florien asobanura kandi ko ku itariki ya 19 Mata 1994 hishwe Abatutsi bo mu Kavogo mu Kagali ka Rweya, Umurenge wa Nkanka. Mu bahiciwe harimo Ngirabanyiginya, Rwigema, Catherine, Mukanyimbuzi, Bagirishya, Uwumukiza, Nyirambeba, Kayiranga Azarias, Mukarurangwa, Icyizanye Ernestine, Désiré, Damascène, Umurisa n’abandi. Igitero cyabishe cyarimo Sibomana Damien, Namuhoranye Athanase, Miruho Jacques, Ncogoza Faustin, Mucumbitsi n’abandi.

- Gusibanganya ibimenyetso

Mu gihe ku wa 19 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zarimo zica Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Komini, kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nkanka barimo bahamba abaraye bishwe, babashyira mu cyobo cy’igaraje cyari kihari no mu misarane, barasisibiranya. Ku wa 20 Mata 1994 bakomeje bajya guhamba abiciwe kuri Komini. Ku wa 21 Mata 1994 habayeho gukoropa amaraso yari mu nzu z’abapadiri.349 Mu bamamaye mu bwicanyi bwabereye ku Nkanka harimo Muzindutsi, Nzaramba wo ku Nkanka, Nkurunziza Frederic wo ku Nkanka, Nyemera Evariste wo ku Nkanka, Mashyaka wo ku

348 Ikiganiro umushakashatsi yagiranye n’umutangabuhamya NIYITEGEKA Florien ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 23 Werurwe 2018, Kigali.

349 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HAGENIMANA Emmanuel mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017

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Rwahi, Isidore w’i Muhari, Cyimana Christophe wo muri Rusunyu, Murenzi Bosco wari ukuriye Interahamwe ku Rusunyu, Tharcisse Rwagatera wari Percepteur wa Komini n’abandi.

Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nkanka, ku mashuri, mu Kigo Nderabuzima cya Nkanka, no kuri Komini Kamembe mu Gatsiro bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Nkanka.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Nkanka

5.2 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo

Komini Cyimbogo ni hamwe mu bice bya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu byari bituwemo n’Abatutsi benshi. Ni igice kandi cyagize Interahamwe nyinshi za CDR yari iyobowe ku rwego rw’igihugu na Bucyana Martin nawe wakomokaga muri Komini Cyimbogo.

5.2.1 Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo

Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa kuva ku wa 7 Mata 1994, ubwicanyi bwahereye mu zahoze ari

Urwibutso rwa Nkanka rushyinguyemo Abatutsi biciwe ku Kiliziya ya Nkanka, mu Kigo Nderabuzima cya Nkanka, ku yahoze ari Komini Kamembe

no mu nkengero zaho. (Ifoto yafashwe na Nikuze Donatien, ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017)

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Segiteri Mururu, Cyete na Mutongo. Interahamwe zakomokaga muri Gahinga, Tara na Cyete nizo zayoboye ibitero muri Komini Cyimbogo, zica Abatutsi muri Winteko, i Nyakarenzo, i Nyakanyinya ku mashuri, zigera n’i Mibirizi. Zagiye no kwica i Kamembe, i Gishoma muri Segiteri Gisagara, Kirango, Nyenji n’ahandi.350

Mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo, Abatutsi biciwe ku mashuri abanza ya Nyakanyinya, i Mutimasi hafi y’Amashuri abanza, Mutongo i Kamarebe, Gihusi hafi y’Urusengero rwa ADEPR, Kabayego ku kigo cy’amashuri y’aba Presbyterienne (Interahamwe zahitaga ku rubagiro), Nyamagana muri Kabuye (bari barahise i Kinihira), muri Mugerero, kuri Centre ya Masha no mu Nyungu ku mugezi wa Rusizi, hafi y’ikibuga cy’umupira cya Rusambu, muri Gituza, muri Kabugi, ku Misiyo i Karangiro, mu Gatandara no kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mibirizi. Abatutsi biciwe kandi ku Rusengero rwa ADEPR Gihundwe, bicirwa Shagasha i Gasharu, mu Nyagatare n’ahandi.351

Abatutsi bo muri Komini Cyimbogo biciwe kandi kuri bariyeri zari hirya no hino, zashyizweho n’Interahamwe. Muri izo bariyeri, hamamaye iyo mu Gatandara yakoreweho iyicarubozo rikomeye, aho abishwe bagiye babagwa bunyamaswa, bimwe mu bice by’imibiri interahamwe zikabyotsamo brochettes, maze zikarya. Bariyeri yo mu Gatandara yiciweho Abatutsi bakomeye barimo cyane cyane abari abakozi n’abacuruzi.352 Hari kandi bariyeri yo ku Misiyo yiciweho abagore barenga 20 barimo Nabahweje Marie, Ancilla, Bizabarabandi, Pascasie n’abandi. Hiciwe kandi Vedaste na Clement, Ndayizeye, Théodosie na Kadege, Mihigo Anathole n’abandi. Nyuma yo kubica babajugunye mu misare y’ingo zari hafi aho.353

Abatutsi biciwe kandi hirya no hino mu ngo aho bari batuye ndetse n’aho babaga bihishe. Umubare munini w’Abatutsi bakomokaga muri Komini Cyimbogo ukaba warahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika i Mibirizi, aho bishwe n’Interahamwe za Bandetse Edouard hamwe n’iza Yusufu Munyakazi.

350 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTAMABYARIRO Joseph mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017.351 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUHIGIRWA Innocent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017.352 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUNYANTORE Antoine mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017.353 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KURIMPUZU Vincent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017.

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Somayire Célestin wari kandida ku mwanya wa Burugumesitiri afatanyije na Murengezi Cyprien wari Diregiteri w’Uruganda rwa SONAFRUITS bagize uruhare rutaziguye mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo.

5.2.2 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku mashuri abanza ya Nyakanyinya

Amashuri abanza ya Nyakanyinya aherereye mu Kagali ka Miko, Umurenge wa Mururu, Akarere ka Rusizi. Ubwo kwica Abatutsi byari bimaze gusakara hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Abatutsi bo muri Segiteri Nyakanyinya na Winteko bahungiye ku mashuri abanza ya Nyakanyinya bizeye ko bashobora kuhagirira umutekano. Bimaze kumenyekana ko aho ku mashuri ya Nyakanyinya hahungiye Abatutsi, hanogejwe umugambi wo kujya kuhabicira. Ku wa 12 Mata 1994, Nchamihigo Siméon wari Umushinjacyaha i Cyangugu yagiye muri Segiteri Mutongo, atumiza inama yabereye kwa Konseye wa Segiteri Mutongo Butera Jean, inama yamaze iminota itarenze 20. Muri iyo nama Nchamihigo yabwiye abaturage ko Abatutsi bateraniye ku mashuri ya Nyakanyinya kandi ko bafite umugambi wo gutera Abahutu. Iyo nama yarimo Nyandwi Christophe, Ntanduro Nicodème wari ukuriye CDR, Sergent Ruberanziza n’abandi.354 I Mutongo hazwi kuba hari Impuzamugambi zikomeye zatojwe kuva CDR ishingwa, kandi zaranzwe no kwica Abatutsi kuva Bucyana Martin amaze kwicwa muri Gashyantare 1994.

Nyuma y’iyo nama Interahamwe zahise zurira imodoka ebyiri zari aho, ariko kubera ko bari bake, bafata n’abandi bari mu tubari no mu ma restorants, ku buryo imodoka zuzura, zitwara Interahamwe zirenga 150. Bafashe inzira yerekeza i Nyakanyinya ku mashuri, banyura mu Mujyi wa Kamembe. Bageze i Nyakanyinya ku mashuri, Interahamwe zahise zica Abatutsi bari bahahungiye. Ubwicanyi burimbanije, Nchamihigo na Sergent Ruberanziza bageze i Nyakanyinya bazaniye Interahamwe amagerenade yari mu ikarito eshatu, bayaha

354 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo NCHAMIHIGO Siméon, Case No. ICTR-01-63-T, Judjement and Sentence, igika cya 294, urupapuro rwa 63.

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Munyurangabo Alexandre wari uyoboye igitero. Nchamihigo na Sergent Ruberanziza bahise basubirirayo, ubwicanyi burakomeza. Igitero cyahagaze ahagana saa kumi n’imwe, cyica Abatutsi barenga magana atatu (300), Interahamwe zirangije zurira imodoka, zisubirira i Mutongo.355

Ku wa 13 Mata 1994, Konseye wa Segiteri Nyakanyinya yagiye i Mutongo, abonana na Konseye waho, amubwira ko hari Abatutsi basigaye kandi ko bateje umutekano muke. Ayo makuru yatumye Interahamwe z’i Mururu, Winteko na Nyakanyinya zongera kwisuganya, zisubira ku mashuri i Nyakanyinya kwica Abatutsi bari bakihari.356

Abatutsi biciwe ku mashuri abanza ya Nyakanyinya no mu nkengero zayo bashyinguwe mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Nyarushishi.

5.2.3 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri ADEPR Gihundwe

ADEPR Gihundwe iherereye muri Segiteri Gihundwe, mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo. I Gihundwe niho Itorero rya “ADEPR” ryatangiriye mu Rwanda mu 1940, ryitwa MLS (Mission Libre Suédoise). Icyo gihe ryatangijwe n’abamisiyoneri 3 bari bavuye mu Gihugu cya Suwede (Suède). Mu 1973, nibwo Itorereo rya ADEPR ryashinze Urwunge rw’amashuri rwa Gihundwe.

Nyuma y’ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi i Shagasha no muri Bisanganira biciwe ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Shagasha ku wa 12 Mata 1994, Abarokotse bahungiye ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Gihundwe no mu Rwunge rw’Amashuri rwa Gihundwe (Groupe Scolaire Gihundwe). Hahungiye kandi impunzi ziturutse i Kanyinya, i Mutimasi, i Murangi n’ahandi. Abatutsi bahungiye ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Gihundwe no mu Rwunge rw’Amashuri rwa Gihundwe bari bizeye ko bashobora kuhabonera umutekano kubera ko cyari ikigo kizitiye. Gusa ntibyashobotse kubera ko Interahamwe zahabasanze zirabica nk’uko Twagirumukiza Antoine abisobanura:

355 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo NCHAMIHIGO Siméon, Case No. ICTR-01-63-T, Judjement and Sentence, igika cya 295, urupapuro rwa 63.356 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo NCHAMIHIGO Siméon, Case No. ICTR-01-63-T, Judjement and Sentence, igika cya 296, urupapuro rwa 63.

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Ku italiki ya 14 Mata 1994 ni bwo Abatutsi batangiye guhungira mu kigo cy’amashuri no kuri ADEPR Gihundwe, ariko ubuyobozi bw’Itorero bubanza kwanga ko binjira. Nyuma y’amasaha make nk’atatu cyangwa ane barabaretse barinjira. Bukeye ku itariki ya 15 Mata 1994 ni bwo umwana wa mbere witwaga Déo yiciwe mu kigo, impunzi zihita zibona ko ibintu byakomeye.357

Amakuru amaze kugera kuri Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel ko hari Abatutsi bahungiye ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Gihundwe no mu Rwunge rw’Amashuri rwa Gihundwe, yarahabasanze, abakoresha inama, abasaba ko bajya muri Stade Kamarampaka aho yavugaga ko ari ho babasha gucungirwa umutekano bari kumwe na bagenzi babo. Ibyo yavugaga ariko byari ibinyoma, yarabashukaga, yashakaga ko bajya hamwe maze ubuyobozi bukabasha kwica abo bashatse igihe cyose kandi mu buryo bworoshye. Kubera ariko ko impunzi nta mahitamo yandi zari zifite, abenshi muri bo bafashe inzira bajya muri Stade Kamarampaka.358

Abatutsi bose bari mu Rwunge rw’Amashuri rwa Gihundwe ntibagiye muri Stade Kamarampaka. Hari abari abakozi b’ikigo n’imiryango yabo bageraga kuri 30 banze kujya muri Stade Kamarampaka, bahitamo gukomeza kuba aho mu Kigo, bakeka ko bashobora kuharokokera. Siko byagenze ariko kubera ko Interahamwe n’abasirikare barahabasanze barabica nk’uko bisobanurwa na Bisengimana Elisée:

Haje abasirikare batatu bivugwa ko bari bahurujwe n’abanyeshuri bakomokaga muri Byumba na Ruhengeri batari baratashye iwabo mu biruhuko kubera ko bari batuye mu duce tuvugwamo imirwano. Abo banyeshuri bari bayobowe na Mugabo Emmanuel wigaga mu mwaka wa Gatanu. Abo basirikare bageze mu kigo, bamwe mu bakozi hamwe n’imiryango yabo bari bahasigaye barimo Rwigemera Pascal, Nzamwita François, Gakwaya Thomas, Nyaminani Daniel, Umugore wa Sagatwa Rudoviko, umukobwa we Raphael n’abuzukuru be, umugore wa Twagirumukiza

357 Ubuhamya bwatanzwe na TWAGIRUMUKIZA Antoine mu muhango wo Kwibuka ku Nshuro ya 23 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Rwunge rw’amashuri rwa Gihundwe, RUSIZI, ku wa 03 Gicurasi 2017.

358 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYIGIRE Vincent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017

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Antoine wari wageze muri Stade akagaruka, umugore wa Mpumuje n’abakobwa be 2 na murumuna wa Rwigemera witwaga Dieudonné n’abandi bahise babarundanya mu cyumba barundagamo inkwi maze babarasa amasasu menshi na za gerenade. Haguye Abatutsi benshi, harokoka bake barimo Rwigemera, Nzamwita, Nyaminani, umukobwa wa Mpumuje, Murwanashyaka Gabriel na Robo Gabriel washyinguye abari bamaze kwicwa.359

Kimwe n’abiciwe mu Mujyi wa Kamembe no mu Kadasomwa, Abatutsi biciwe mu Rwunge rw’Amashuri rwa Gihundwe bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kamembe.

5.2.4 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mibirizi

Kuva ku wa 7 Mata 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Abatutsi benshi bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mibirizi baturutse mu mirenge ya Gashonga, Gitambi, Nyakabuye, Nyakarenzo na Nkungu yo mu Karere ka Rusizi. Gusa nta mahoro bahagiriye kubera ko Interahamwe zahabasanze zirabica.

Ku wa 10 Mata 1994, byari bimaze kumenyekana ko Abatutsi bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mibirizi. Ni bwo ku mugoroba abanjandarume bane bagiye kureba uko bimeze i Mibirizi. Bahageze bakiriwe na Padiri Mukuru Boneza Joseph, babanza kumutera ubwoba ko bafite amakuru ko bari kwakira abantu maze nyuma bakabohereza mu Nkotanyi ariko Padiri arabihakana. Kugira ngo bemere ibyo ababwiye bamusomeye lisiti y’abo bavuga ko boherejwe mu Nkotanyi, abasobanurira ko ari ibinyoma, ko ahubwo abo bantu babafite aho nk’impunzi. Padiri yahise abahamagaza, bababonye bamusaba kubajyana arabyanga, baterana amagambo bikomeye, bituma basubirayo barakaye cyane.360 Kuva ku wa 11 kugera ku wa 17, impunzi zagabweho ibitero byinshi hafi buri munsi biturutse ku Ngoro, ibindi bigaturuka

359 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, Ubuhamya bwa BISENGIMANA Elisée, Kigali, 2005360 Ubuhamya bwa Padiri Ignace Kabera, RUSIZI, 2017

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mu Kaboza. Ibyo bitero byose impunzi zageragezaga kubirwanya no kubinesha zifashishije gutera amabuye kuko ariyo ntwaro yonyine bari bafite hafi yabo. Interahamwe zo zabaga zitwaje amagerenade n’imbunda, bityo zikabateramo amagerenade, zirabarasa, abatari bake bakahasiga ubuzima, abandi bagakomereka cyane. Ni bwo muri iyo minsi hishwe Dominiko wacuruzaga ku Ngoro, umwana wa Rwamukwaya Charles arakomereka cyane nyuma aza gupfa n’abandi.361

Interahamwe zimaze kubona ko impunzi zifite ingufu, kandi ko zidatezuka mu kwirwanaho, zateguye umugambi uhamye wo kubica. Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Kiriziya Gatolika i Mibirizi bishwe mu byiciro bitatu ku wa 18, ku wa 20, no ku wa 30 Mata 1994.


Nk’uko byasobanuwe n’abatangabuhamya batandukanye barokokeye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi,362 mu gitondo cyo ku wa 18 Mata 1994, ni bwo igitero cya mbere cyateye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mibirizi. Interahamwe nyinshi ziturutse mu makomini akikije Mibirizi zahuriye ku Ngoro, zirisuganya maze mu ma saa yine (10h) zigaba igitero kuri Paruwasi. Kubera ko impunzi zari zabimenye, Interahamwe zasanze impunzi ziteguye, zirwanaho zikoresheje amabuye, Interahamwe ziraneshwa zisubirayo.

Interahamwe zigeze ku Ngoro, zongeye gufata umwanya wo kongera kwisuganya, maze bigeze mu ma saa tanu (11h) zongera kugaba igitero. Icyo gitero cyari gifite ubukana buruta icya mbere. Gusa nacyo impunzi zarakirwanyije, Interahamwe zongera kuneshwa zisubirayo. Mu ma saa sita (12h) Interahamwe zongeye kugaruka, nabwo zongera kuneshwa. N’ubwo impunzi zaneshaga Interahamwe, buri gitero cyasigaga cyishe Abatutsi batabarika kubera ko Interahamwe zabaga zikoresha amageranades n’imbunda. Ariko kubera ko nta mahitamo impunzi zabaga zifite, zifashishaga amabuye bakarwana n’abafite amasasu kandi bakabanesha.

361 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KARUGA Jean ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali ku wa 05 Ukuboza 2017.362 Ikiganiro n’abatangabuhamya NTASANGIRWA Thicien, na MUKANGARAMBE Marie Clémence, Rusizi, ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2017

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Mu ma saa saba zishyira saa munani, Interahamwe nyinshi cyane zongeye gutera ziturutse impande zose, maze impunzi zari mu kibuga imbere ya Kiriziya n’Interahamwe zari zagose impande zose basigara bacunganye amaso ku yandi, buri ruhande rutegereje ushoza urugamba. Bigeze mu ma saa cyenda (15h) haje imodoka ivuye kuri Perefegitura i Cyangugu irimo Superefe Munyangabe Théodore, Kwitonda Pierre na Sewabeza Jean Pierre. Bahageze basabye ko impunzi zinjira mu gikari kugira ngo bakore imishyikirano y’uburyo umutekano wazo ucungwa. Kubera ko abantu bari bamaze gucika intege, impunzi zarabyemeye. Bamaze kwinjira mu gikari Interahamwe zahise zibinjirana, zibateramo amagerenade ari na ko zibarasa. Uretse gukoresha amasasu na grenades, Interahamwe zifashishije n’intwaro gakondo mu kwica Abatutsi. Abageragezaga gusimbuka uruzitiro bahunga bahitaga baraswa. Icyo gitero cyamaze nk’isaha yose. Interahamwe zimaze kubona ko amasasu na grenades bibashiranye bahise bajya gusahura. Basahuye amatungo yose yari kuri Paruwasi, basahura amapikipiki ageze kuri 7 abantu bari bahahungishirije, bajya gusahura urugo rw’Ababikira, basahura ibiribwa byose bya Centre Nutritionnel basahura n’ibitaro. Ubwicanyi butangiye, Superefe Munyangabe Théodore n’abo bazanye bahise bigendera.363

Icyo gitero cyasize cyishe umubare munini w’Abatutsi, imirambo inyanyagiye mu mbuga z’amazu y’Abapadiri n’ishuri rya APPEMI no ku mabaraza y’inzu. Hari kandi Abatutsi benshi bakomeretse bikomeye kubera amagrenades, amasasu n’imipanga. Hapfuye abagabo n’abasore benshi bageragezaga guhunga maze bakicirwa mu kibuga cy’umupira, mu mirima no mu mashyamba bikikije Paruwasi ya Mibirizi.364


Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 20 Mata 1994, abari barokotse ibitero byo ku wa 18 Mata 1994 babyutse begeranya imirambo kugira ngo barebe uburyo bayishyingura. Imirambo yari inyanyagiye mu mbuga no mu nzu bayishyinguye mu nsi y’inzu abanyeshuri ba APPEMI bariragamo. Nyuma bakomeje bajya kwegeranya imirambo yari hepfo y’ikibuga, mu mirima no mu

363 Ubuhamya bwa Padiri Ignace Kabera, RUSIZI, 2017364 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KARUGA Jean ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali ku wa 05 Ukuboza 2017.

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ishyamba bikikije Paruwasi ya Mibirizi, ishyingurwa hepfo y’ikibuga ahagana muri Nyangamurimbo.365

Mu gihe gushyingura byasaga n’aho birangiye, Interahamwe zari zarangije kwikusanya ziri mu nama ku bitaro zahise zohereza intumwa isaba ko Interahamwe zikeneye kubonana na Padiri Mukuru Boneza Joseph. N’ubwo bitari byoroshye Padiri yarazitabye aherekezwa na Faratiri Rwakabayiza Dieudonné. Mu biganiro bagiranye Interahamwe zabwiye Padiri ko “zidashaka kwica abantu bose, ko zikeneye abantu bake, tukaba dutegetswe kubatanga tutabikora zikatwiraramo twese” .366

Padiri amaze kuvugana n’Intehamwe, yagarutse kureba impunzi, azimenyesha ibyo Interahamwe zisaba. Ayo makuru amaze kugezwa ku mpunzi, zacitse indege cyane, ariko bemera ko bikorwa uko byasabwe kubera ko bari bananiwe cyane, batagishoboye kongera kurwana. Ako kanya Interahamwe zahise zihasesekara, zitwaje liste yariho abantu 64 bagizwe ahanini n’abagabo n’umukobwa umwe witwa Umubyeyi Francine wari Umwarimukazi. Padiri Mukuru Boneza Joseph na we yari kuri iyo lisiti. Interahamwe zahise zisohora abantu bose bari mu mazu kwa Padiri, zibicaza hasi mu kibuga, maze batandukanya abagabo n’abagore. Interahamwe zimaze kubicaza zatangiye guhamagara abari kuri ya liste, uwo zihamagaye akitaba, zikamuhagurutsa zikamusohora. Zimaze guhamagara abari kuri liste, zatoranyije abandi bantu batari kuri liste ariko zibona ko bagifite agasura n’umubiri biganjemo ab’igitsina gabo zirabajyana. Interahamwe zahagurukije kandi Umwarimukazi wo ku Mukimbagiro witwa Mukamugemana Angela umugore wa Gakwaya Ildéphonse nawe wari Umwarimu i Mibirizi. Gakwaya Ildephonse we yari yishwe mu gitero cyo ku wa 18 Mata 1994. Mukamugemana Angela yari ahetse umwana w’uruhinja rw’amezi ane (4) yabyaye ku wa 12 Ukwakira 1994 rwitwa Ingabire Gakwaya Angélique. Abo bose bahagurukijwe biciwe imbere ya Kiriziya hafi y’amashuri abanza no ku muhanda ugana ku Ngoro, imirambo yabo bayisiga mu muhanda. Hari abishwe babanje gushinyagurirwa barimo Muganga Rwamukwaya Charles, Kayibanda Jean Népomuscène na Murwanashyaka Adrien. Mbere yo kwica Mukamugemana Angela bamwambuye

365 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTASANGIRWA Thicien, Rusizi, ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2017366 Ubuhamya bwa Padiri Ignace Kabera, RUSIZI, 2017

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rwa ruhinja yari afite mu mugongo, bahita bamwica.367 Ingabire Gakwaya Angélique we ntibamwishe, Interahamwe zaramujyanye. Bigeze muri Nyakanga 1994, ubwo Interahamwe zahungaga zerekeza muri DRC, Ingabire Gakwaya Angelique zamujyanye mu kigo cy’imfubyi kwa Adria mu Rusayo. Kubw’amahirwe yahasanze mukuru we Mukashema Odette babana aho mu kigo cy’imfubyi, arokoka Jenoside atyo.368 N’ubwo Padiri Mukuru Boneza Joseph yari kuri liste y’abo Interahamwe zashakaga kandi ahari, nta bwo uwo munsi bamutwaye, Interahamwe zaramusize. Kuva ku wa 21 kugera ku wa 29 Mata 1994, ibitero byaragabanutse ariko abantu bakomeza gupfa urusorongo aho abasohohokaga Interahamwe zahitaga zibica, abandi bakicwa n’inzara, macinya, ibikomere bitavurwaga n’ibindi.369


Ubundi bwicanyi bukomeye bwakorewe Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mibirizi bwabaye ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994 bukozwe n’Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zari ziyobowe na Munyakazi Yusufu. Ahagana saa kumi z’umugoroba ikirere cyarijimye, kigenda kigaragaramo imvura ndetse iranatonyanga. Muri ako kanya imodoka yari itwaye Yusufu Munyakazi n’Interahamwe ze iba isesekaye kuri Paruwasi. Umwe mu bajandarume babaga kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi yahise ajya kuvugana nawe, Yusufu amubwira ko nta kindi kimuzanye uretse gushaka Abatutsi bari aho.370 Interahamwe za Yusufu zahise zinjira mu gikari cy’abapadiri no mu mazu yose zisohora abantu zijya kubicaza mu busitani aho bari baricaje abantu ku wa 20 Mata. Interahamwe zicaje abagabo ukwabo n’abagore ukwabo, n’ubundi zitoranya abagabo zijya kubica.371 Zahagurukije abagabo bagera ku ijana bose zibicira mu mbuga imbere ya Kiliziya. Uwo munsi harokotse gusa abarwayi, inkomere n’abagore mbarwa.372

367 Ubuhamya bwa Padiri KABERA Ignace, RUSIZI, 2017368 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKASHEMA Odette ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali ku wa 09 Gashyantare, 2018.369 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKANGARAMBE Marie Clémence, Rusizi, ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2017

370 African Rigts, John Yusufu Munyakazi, Un génocidaire devenue refugié, 6 juin 1997, p.54371 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Munyakazi Yusufu, (Munyakazi Yusufu (ICTR-97-36A), Arusha, 2011372 Ikiganiro umushakashatsi yagiranye n’umutangabuhamya NTASANGIRWA Thicien, Rusizi, Ukwakira 2017

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Imirambo y’abishwe yagumye mu kibuga cya Kiliziya ku munsi wakurikiyeho, ku wa 1 Gicurasi 1994. Abapadiri bamaze kubona ko impunzi zikomeje kwicirwa mu maso yabo kandi nta cyo babasha gukora ngo babarokore byabaciye intege cyane, maze batangira gutekereza uburyo bahava, bafata icyemezo cyo guhamagara Musenyeri i Cyangugu, bamusaba kuza kubatwara. Ni bwo ku cyumweru ahagana saa yine za mu gitondo Musenyeri yagiye gutwara abapadiri be ariko hagenda abapadiri b’abasaza gusa: Padiri Simon Kayumba na Padiri Antoine Sindarihora uzwi ku izina rya Mucyo. Padiri Mukuru Boneza Joseph na Padiri Ignace Kabera basigarana n’impunzi zari zitaricwa. Mbere yo kugenda, impunzi zakoranyirijwe mu kibuga, Musenyeri arabasuhuza, arabihanganisha, arabasengera maze abamenyesha ko ajyanye abapadiri bakuze, bagasigarana n’abakiri bato. Amaze kubihanganisha basezeye ku mpunzi baragenda.373.

- Ukwezi kwa Gatanu 1994

Nyuma y’igitero cyo ku wa 30 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zari zizi neza ko abo zigomba kwica zabishe kandi ko n’abarokotse bazicwa n’ibikomere, uburwayi, inzara n’ubuzima bubi barimo. Kubera ko Padiri Mukuru Boneza Joseph na Padiri Ignace Kabera basigaye i Mibirizi, Bandetse Edouard yatangiye gucura umugambi w’uburyo azica Padiri Mukuru Boneza Joseph wakoze ibishoboka byose ngo arwane ku Batutsi bari bamuhungiyeho. Ni bwo kuva ku wa 12 kugera ku wa 15 Gicurasi 1994 Bandetse Edouard yakunze kujya kuri Paruwasi mu ijoro ashaka Padiri Mukuru ariko abazamu bakamubwira ko ataboneka. Ibyo byatumye Padiri Mukuru Boneza Joseph asaba Musenyeri umupadiri washingwa Paruwasi kugira ngo naramuka avuye i Mibirizi cyangwa yishwe Paruwasi itazasigarira aho. Musenyeri yumvise impungenge za Padiri Mukuru Boneza Joseph maze yohereza Padiri Ntimugura Laurent. Amaze kuhagera Padiri Boneza Joseph yatangiye gutekereza uburyo yava i Mibirizi kuko yabonaga ko umutekano we utameze neza.374

373 Ubuhamya bwa Padiri KABERA Ignace, RUSIZI, 2017374 Ubuhamya bwa Padiri KABERA Ignace, RUSIZI, 2017

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- Iyicwa rya Padiri Boneza Joseph

Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri Padiri Ntimugura Laurent yoherejwe na Musenyeri guhagararira Paruwasi ya Mibirizi, Padiri Boneza Joseph yafashe umwanzuro wo kuva i Mibirizi akajya kuri Paruwasi Katedarali i Cyangugu kubera ko yabonaga ko umutekano we utameze neza, ko ashobora kwicwa igihe icyo ari cyo cyose. Ni bwo ku wa 19 Gicurasi 1994 hagati ya saa munani na saa cyenda, Padiri Boneza Joseph yasezeye ku bapadiri bagenzi be bari kumwe i Mibirizi maze yinjira mu modoka ye ya SUZUKI SJ 410 yerekeza kuri Paruwasi Katedarali i Cyangugu.Yahagurutse i Mibirizi ari kumwe n’Umubikira bitaga Mama Bernadeta wari usigaye wenyine i Mibirizi hamwe n’umwana w’umukobwa wari ufite imyaka nka 12 witwa Ivona (yararokotse). Padiri Boneza Joseph avuye i Mibirizi hasigaye Padiri Kabera Ignace, Padiri Ntimugura Laurent na Rwakabayiza Dieudonné wari Faratiri muri icyo gihe.375

Padiri Kabera Ignace asobanura ko mugenzi we Padiri Boneza Joseph atagize amahirwe yo kugera kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu. Akigera ku Ngoro, aho ni imbere gato ya Paruwasi ya Mibirizi, Interahamwe zanze gukingura bariyeri yahabaga maze zirahabatinza cyane. Ibyo byakozwe mu mugambi wo guha umwanya uhagije Interahamwe ngo zitegure, kugira ngo zibone uko zimukurikira maze zimwicire mu nzira. Kandi ni ko byagenze koko kuko mu gihe bakinguriye bariyeri, akigenda yahise abona ko akurikiwe n’imodoka y’i jeep nini yiruka cyane irimo Interahamwe zivuza urusaku rw’amafirimbi. Padiri abibonye yamenye neza ko ari we bakurikiye maze ariruka cyane asiga imodoka yari imukurikiye, ariko ageze i Gihundwe kuri kaburimbo ahitwa ku Cyapa ahasanga bariyeri, bimusaba guhagarara. Agihagarara ya Jeep yuzuye Interahamwe yari imukurikiye yahise imugeraho. Interahamwe yitwa Mutabazi yahise imusohora mu modoka imwegereza izindi, bamwambura ishati, maze Interahamwe yitwaga Nyagatare Félicien imukubita ikintu mu mutwe ahita yitura hasi, apfa atyo.376 Bamaze kumwica, umwe muri izo Nterahamwe yatwaye imodoka ya Padiri Boneza irimo Mama Bernadeta na Ivona, amanuka yerekeza ku Rusizi,

375 Ubuhamya bwa Padiri KABERA Ignace, RUSIZI, 2017376 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Nchamihigo Siméon, Case No. ICTR-01-63-T, Judjement and Sentence, igika cya 144, urupapuro rwa 30.

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akomeza i Mutongo na Nyakarenzo abagarura i Mibirizi, imfunguzo aziha Padiri Ntimugura Laurent wari waroherejwe kumusimbura.377

- Urugendo rwerekeza mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi ku barokokeye i Mibirizi

Abatutsi barokotse kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mibilizi bakomeje kubaho mu buzima bubi kugeza ubwo bategekwa kwimukira i Nyarushishi. Ku wa 14 Kamena 1994, Padiri Ignace Kabera wari ukiri i Mibirizi yahurije impunzi hamwe mu kibuga maze abagezaho ubutumwa bwamugezeho ko impunzi zitegura, ko baza kubatwara nyuma ya saa sita bakajya mu Nkambi i Nyarushishi. N’ubwo batishimiye icyo cyemezo, nimugoroba haje imodoka (bus) imwe ipakira abatinyutse, imaze kuzura ibajyana i Nyarushishi. Bukeye mu gitondo ku wa 15 Kamena 1994, haje izindi modoka (Bus) eshatu zipakira abasigaye bose babajyana mu nkambi i Nyarushishi. Muri icyo gihe hari haje Interahamwe nyinshi zikikije bus zireba abinjiramo. Babimuye babacunaguza, bababwira ko bagomba kuva mu mashuri barimo kugira ngo abana b’Abahutu batangire kwiga, maze ubuzima bukomeze nk’aho nta cyabaye.378

Abatutsi barokotse i Mibizi bamaze kujyanwa mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi, ku wa 15 Kamena Bandetse Edouard abisabwe na Superefe Kamonyo Emmanuel yemeye guherekeza Padiri Kabera Ignace wahigwaga bikomeye nka nyakwigendera Padiri Boneza Joseph bafatanyije kwita ku mpunzi zabahungiyeho kuri Paruwasi ya Mbirizi. Bandetse Edouard amaze kuvuga ko nta modoka afite yo kugendamo, Padiri Nkundayezu Oscar yafashe umwanzuro wo kujya kubatwara aturutse kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu ku buryo ahagana i saa kumi (16h) ari bwo yari ageze i Mibirizi. Ahageze yashyize mu modoka ye Padiri Kabera Ignace waherekejwe na Bandetse Edouard n’abamurinda hamwe n’abajandarume 4. Bahise bafata urugendo aho bageze kuri bariyeri Bandetse agategeka ko bafungura bagakomeza maze bagera kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu ahagana i saa 18h30. Bagejeje Padiri Kabera Ignace kwa Musenyeri,

377 Ubuhamya bwa Padiri KABERA Ignace, RUSIZI, 2017378 Ikiganiro n’abatangabuhamya barokokeye i Mibizi nyuma bajyanwa i Nyarushishi NTASANGIRWA Thicien na MUKANGARAMBE Marie Clémence, Rusizi, ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2017

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Padiri Oscar Nkundayezu yasubije i Mibirizi Bandetse Edouard, amaze kumugezayo agaruka i Cyangugu.379

Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi i Mibilizi bwakozwe n’abaturutse imihanda yose, baba aba hafi ndetse n’abavuye kure ya Mibilizi (Mururu, Winteko, Rukunguri,…), abavuye Komini Gishoma, Buragama, Nyakabuye, Karengera na Kamembe. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi i Mibilizi bwahagarikiwe na Bandetse Edouard wari umucuruzi ukomeye i Mibirizi n’Interahamwe ze, Munyakazi Yusufu n’Interahamwe ze, Somayire Célestin wari warigize Burugumesitiri wa Komini Cyimbogo, Munyoni Jean Marie Vianney wari Burigadiye wa Komini Cyimbogo, abategetsi bo mu nzego zitandukanye kuva ku rwego rwa Perefegitura barimo Superefe Munyangabe Théodore, abavuye mu gisirikare (réservistes) abacuruzi bakomeye n’abandi.

Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi no mu nkengero zayo bashyinguwe mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Mibirizi.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Mibilizi

379 Ndorimana Jean, op. Cit., p.97

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Mibirizi ruri i ruhande rwa Kiliziya Gatorika, Paruwasi ya Mibirizi, rushyinguyemo Abatutsi biciwe mu Kiliziya no mu nkengero zayo.

(Ifoto yafashwe na Nikuze Donatien, ku wa 15 Ukwakira 2017)

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- Padiri Boneza Joseph, Kabera Ignace na Faratiri Rwakabayiza Dieudonné bakoze inshingano zabo

Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mibirizi muri Mata-Gicurasi 1994, Padiri Joseph Boneza, Padiri Ignace Kabera na Faratiri Dieudonné Rwakabayiza bagaragaje ubwitange bukomeye no guhumuriza Abatutsi bari babahungiyeho. N’ubwo Padiri Joseph Boneza na Ignace Kabera na bo bari mu bahigwaga, ntibigeze baterwa ubwoba n’Interahamwe zabateraga umunsi ku wundi, biyemeje kubana no kurwana ku banyantege nke babahungiyeho. Kuba kandi baranze gusiga impunzi zonyine ngo basange Musenyeri i Cyangugu ni kimwe mu bigaragaza ubutwari n’urukundo bari bafite.

N’ubwo kandi Interahamwe zabarushaga imbaraga, impunzi zabahungiyeho zikicwa, Padiri Joseph Boneza, Padiri Ignace Kabera na Faratiri Dieudonné bakomeje kurangwa n’umutima w’urukundo, ubwitange no guhumuriza ababaga barokotse. Bari bazi neza ko na bo bugarijwe ndetse ko isaha n’umunota bashobora kwicwa, ibyo ariko ntibyabaciye intege mu gukomeza guhumuriza no kwita ku Batutsi bari babahungiyeho. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Karuga Jean warokokeye i Mibirizi:

Ubwitange bwa Padiri Joseph Boneza, Padiri Ignace Kabera na Faratiri Dieudonné Rwakabayiza burenze cyane uburyo nabivuga. Tekereza na we abantu bahisemo kubana na twe kandi bazi neza ko na bo bashobora kwicwa, ariko bakanga kudusiga. Padiri Joseph Boneza na Padiri Ignace Kabera na bo bari mu bahigwaga, Musenyeri aza kubashaka kugira ngo abajyane i Cyangugu aho umutekano wabo wari kuba urinzwe bihagije, ariko bahitamo gukomeza kubana na twe. Bafashe umwanzuro ukomeye wo gukomeza kutuba hafi, dufatanya urugamba rwo gukomeza guhangana n’Interahamwe. Aba bapadiri bari barihaye Imana koko! Kandi Imana yari yarabahaye ingabire itandukanye cyane n’iy’abandi. Tuzahora tuzirikana uburyo bifatanyije n’umunyantege nke, kandi Imana izabagororera kubera ko twe nta cyo

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twabona twabitura ku rukundo rutagira ikigereranyo batugaragarije.380

N’ubwo ariko aba bapadiri bakoze ibishoboka byose mu kwita ku Batutsi bari babahungiyeho, Interahamwe zishe benshi, harimo na Padiri Boneza Joseph, harokoka bake cyane bajyanywe mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi. Ubu bushakashatsi bukorwa, Padiri Ignace Kabera yabarizwaga kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu, mu gihe Musenyeri Rwakabayiza Dieudonné yabarizwaga mu Iseminari Nkuru ya Nyakibanda.

5.3 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma

Komini Gishoma yakomokagamo Twagiramungu Faustin washinze icyaka rya MDR, ishyaka ryagize abayoboke benshi kandi ritavugaga rumwe na MRND yari ku butegetsi. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, ibyari amashyaka byateshejwe agaciro, insoresore za MDR n’Interahamwe za MRND zihurira mu mugambi umwe wo kwica Abatutsi. 5.3.1 Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma

Mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma, Abatutsi biciwe kuri Komini Gishoma no ku isoko rya Gishoma, bicirwa i Nyamutarama muri Segiteri Gashonga, bicirwa muri Nyagatera, muri Karemereye, muri Kabahinda, muri Kabakobwa no muri Makambi, bicirwa i Rango hafi yo kwa Padiri Kayinamura, muri Butambamo, muri Murya, muri Nyenji, Karenge i Makambi n’ahandi. Mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma, ubwicanyi bwafashe intera yo hejuru kuva ku wa gatatu tariki ya 13 Mata 1994, butangirira ku isoko rya Gishoma. Kuri uwo munsi, isoko rya Gishoma ryari ryaremye nk’umunsi isoko risanzwe riremera mu buryo bwaguye, ariko haba umwihariko w’uko Interahamwe nyinshi za Gishoma n’izavuye mu Bugarama kwa Munyakazi Yusufu zari zuzuye mu isoko, zitembera, zitwaje inkota, ubuhiri

380 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KARUGA Jean ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali ku wa 05 Ukuboza 2017.

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n’amacumu. Icyagaragaye ni uko izo Nterahamwe zari zifite icyazizanye kubera ko zahise zihicira Nshamihigo Phillippe alias Ruseta wari umwarimu muri TTC i Mururu, bamwicira mu maso ya Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome. Nshamihigo Phillippe yari azwi nk’umuntu ugira ukuri, kandi ubwira ubuyobozi ibitagenda,ibyo bituma ubuyobozi bwa Komini bumwishyiramo kugera bumwicishije.381

Abatutsi bari baremye isoko babonye Nshamihigo Phillippe yishwe Burugumesitiri areba, nta cyo bimubwiye, bahise bakuka umutima, bakwira imishwaro. Interahamwe zimaze kwica Nshamihigo Phillippe zahise zijya iwe mu rugo, zihasanga umugore we n’abana be babiri (2) zihita zibica. Jenoside muri Gishoma iba itangijwe ku mugaragaro. Kuva ubwo Umututsi wese aho ari yarahizwe, uwo Interahamwe zifashe zikica.382

Bukeye ku wa 14 Mata 1994, ubwicanyi bwasakaye muri Komini Gishoma yose, hicwa Abatutsi bari bahungiye kwa Nyirabalima Adria mu Rusayo bavugaga ko abonekerwa, n’ahandi. Kuva ubwo, Abatutsi barahizwe hirya no hino, baricwa, amazu aratwika, ababashije kubona aho banyura bahungira kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi.383

Mu bari ku isonga mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma barimo Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome, Rwakana Vénant, Mudeyi, Habimana na Trojeanne bo muri Karenge, Uwibambe Jean Pierre wo ku Mangazine i Mushaka, Nikuze Nicolas wo muri Kabajoba, Ndayizeye wo muri Rubugu, Licarido na Sebastien bo muri Rwimbogo, Damascène Hayihayi wo muri Ntenyi n’abandi.384

5.4 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama

Komini Buragama izwi ho kuba indiri y’Interahamwe zishe Abatutsi benshi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, zikagera no mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Kibuye aho zagiye kwica Abatutsi ku musozi wa Kizenga no mu Bisesero. Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zari ziyobowe na Munyakazi Yusufu waburanishijwe

381 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKAMUSONI Tacienne mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2017382 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIKUZE Nicole mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2017383 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIYAREMYE Ladislas mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 17 Ukwakira 2017384 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIKUZE Nicole mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2017

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n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, Arusha, ahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 25, igihano cyemejwe n’Urugereko rw’Ubujurire ku itariki ya 28 Nzeri 2011.385 Komini Bugarama yarimo kandi uruganda rukomeye rwa CIMERWA. Abayobozi bwarwo bwitwaje umwanya n’ububasha bahawe, maze bagira uruganda indiri yo guteguriramo no kunoza umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

5.4.1 Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama

Mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama, Abatutsi biciwe kuri CIMERWA no mu nkengero zayo, ku migezi ya Rusizi, Ruhwa na Rubyiro. Abatutsi biciwe kandi muri Serire Share, Serire Nyabishonju, Serire Nyabintare, Kamagaju, Mpinga, i Mashesha no mu Kagari ka Ryankana. Mu kagari ka Ryankana ni ho Munyakazi Yusufu yabanjirije gutsemba Abatutsi afatanyije n’Interahamwe yamamaye mu bwicanyi yitwa Samvura Elie alias Mwidishyi. Muri Bugarama yose Akagari ka Ryankana ni ko karimo Abatutsi benshi bishwe n’imibiri ya bo ikaba yaraburiwe irengero kubera ko yajugunywe mu migezi ya Rubyiro, Ruhwa na Rusizi.386 Abatutsi biciwe na none aho bari batuye mu ngo zabo ndetse no mu ngo z’abaturanyi. Muri Komini Bugarama, kwica Abatutsi byatangiye ku wa 7 Mata 1994 ubwo Interahamwe zateye OPJ Ruhinda Bosco maze we n’abandi babanaga zibica zibaciye imitwe ziyisiga mu ruganiriro (salon). Kuri uwo munsi kandi Agronome Karasira bamwiciye i Mwezi nimugoroba. Interahamwe zakomokaga muri Segiteri ya Muhwehwe zahise kandi zijya gufata Mudacyahwa, bamumanura muri Cité mu Bugarama kwa Munyakazi Yusufu ziramwica.387 Kuri iyo tariki, mu mudugudu wa Rubyiro mu Kagari ka Ryankana mu Murenge wa Bugarama, Interahamwe za Munyakazi Yusufu zahiciye Abatutsi benshi, imirambo yabo bayijugunya mu migezi ya Rubyiro, Ruhwa na Rusizi. 388

385 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Munyakazi Yusufu, (Munyakazi Yusufu (ICTR-97-36A), Arusha, 2011386 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NDUWIMANA Juma mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 29 Ukwakira 2017.387 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZIGIYIMANA Michel mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 28 Ukwakira 2017.388 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTACYORIPFA Gérard mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 29 Ukwakira 2017.

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Abatutsi biciwe kandi kuri bariyeri yari ku Gihundwe mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nzahaha. Nyuma yo kubica Muvakure Thomas wari ukuriye bariyeri yahamagaje imodoka ya Yusufu Munyakazi kugira ngo ize gutwara imirambo. Imodoka yahise iza itwawe n’umuhungu wa Yusufu Munyakazi witwa Zacharie alias Mariyo, bashyiramo imirambo y’abishwe bajya kuyiroha muri Rusizi mu rwego rwo gusibanganya ibimenyetso.389By’umwihariko umubare munini w’Abatutsi bo mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama wiciwe mu Ruganda rwa CIMERWA no mu nkengero zarwo.

5.4.2 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rwa CIMERWA no mu nkengero zarwo

Mu 1994, uruganda rwa CIMERWA rwayoborwaga na Sebatware Marcel wakomokaga i Busogo mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri. Sebatware Marcel yari muramu wa Jenerali Nsabimana Déogratias bitaga Castar wari umugaba Mukuru w’ingabo z’u Rwanda (FAR). Kuyobora Uruganda rwa CIMERWA Sebatware Marcel yabifashwagamo na Ndorimana Casmir wari Directeur Technique akomoka mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Abayobozi b’Uruganda rwa CIMERWA bari mu bavuga rikijyana, bagishwa inama mu miyoborere ya Komini Bugarama ndetse na Perefegitura ya Cyangugu muri rusange. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, intagondwa zo mu ruganda rwa CIMERWA ziyobowe na Sebatware Marcel zashyigikiye ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi, bakora inama zitandukanye zaberaga mu kabiri ka Ndorimana Casimir kari hafi yo ku Musigiti. Muri izo nama niho bateguriye urutonde rw’abagomba kwicwa, barushyikiriza Yusufu Munyakazi. Mu bitariye izo nama harimo Sebatware Marcel, Ndorimana Casimir, Mpozembizi Jean Pierre, Ndengeyingoma Donatien n’abandi.390

Umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi muri CIMERWA wigaragaje mu buryo bweruye kuva ku wa 13 Mata 1994, ubwo Sebatware Marcel yategekaga ko aba Chinois bakora mu ruganda rwa CIMERWA bahungishirizwa i Bujumbura mu gihugu cy’Uburundi,

389 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIKUZE Marc mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017.390 African Rigts, John Yusufu Munyakazi, Un génocidaire devenue refugié, 6 juin 1997, p.65

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nyuma y’inama yari yayobowe na Sebatware Marcel, igategeka ko bahunga hakiri kare, ibintu bitarakomera. Ibyo yavugaga yari abizi neza, kubera ko nyuma y’iminsi 2, ubwicanyi bwahise bukorerwa abakozi ba CIMERWA b’Abatutsi n’imiryango yabo.391

Mbere y’uko hicwa Abatutsi bo mu ruganda rwa CIMERWA no mu nkengero zarwo, habaye inama yabereye ahitwa ku mugano kwa Ndorimana Casmir. Iyo nama niyo yakorewemo lisiti y’Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa, inatangirwamo irangi ritukura ryagombaga gusigwa ku mazu y’Abatutsi kugira ngo bizorohere Interahamwe kumenya ingo z’Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa. Mu bitabiriye iyo nama harimo Ndorimana Casimir wari wayitumije, Nkusi Davide Wilson wakoraga muri CIMERWA, Habyarimana Aloys wakoraga muri CIMERWA, Davide wari umukuru w’abazamu, umusaza witwaga Daniel, Harorimana Martin n’abandi.392.

Ku wa gatandatu tariki ya 16 Mata 1994 ni bwo Interahamwe zishe Abatutsi mu ruganda rwa CIMERWA no mu nkengero zayo. Ahagana i saa 14 z’amanywa Interahamwe za Yusuf Munyakazi zo mu Bugarama ziyobowe na Athanase Ndutiye bitaga Tarake Aziz Makuza zagabye igitero simusiga, zijya kwica abakozi b’Abatutsi b’uruganda rwa CIMERWA, imiryango yabo, ndetse n’uwitwa Umututsi wese wari utuye mu nkengero z’uruganda. Muri urwo ruganda haguyemo Abatutsi basaga 80. Hishwe kandi Abatutsi bari mu nkengero z’uruganda, abashoferi bari baje gutwara Sima muri CIMERWA ndetse n’abahungaga baturutse i Mibirizi no mu misozi ikikije ikibaya cya Bugarama. Mu bishwe harimo Mvuyinyanza n’abana be, Bapfakurera bamwiciye umugore n’abana 2, Kanusi Alphonse, Ntibaziyaremye na Vincent bafashwe babashyikiriza abajandarume barabica n’abandi.393

Ku cyumweru tariki 17 Mata 1994, nyuma yo kwica Abatutsi bo muri CIMERWA no mu nkengero zaho, Bigirumwami Jean wari Konseye wa Segiteri Muganza yafashe imodoka ya Paruwasi Nyarurema apakiramo imirambo y’abishwe, ajya kubajugunya mu mugezi wa Ruhwa na Rubyiro. Bigirimwami Jean yitwazaga lisiti, agenda ashyira akamenyetso ku

391 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAPFAKURERA Jean mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 03 Ugushyingo 2017.392 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MURENGERANTWARI Davide mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 28 Ukwakira 2017.393 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZIGIYIMANA Michel mu Karere ka Rusizi, ku wa 28 Ukwakira 2017.

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bishwe kugira ngo abo ataza kubona Interahamwe zikomeze kubashakisha.394 Bigirumwami Jean yakatiwe n’Inkiko Gacaca igifungo cy’imyaka 11 nyuma yo kwirega, kwemera no gusaba imbabazi ku byaha yakoze muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.395

Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu ruganda rwa CIMERWA bukaba bwarateguwe na Sebatware Marcel wayoboraga uruganda, Kamanzi Meschak wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Bugarama, Ndorimana Casimir, Bigirumwami Jean, Munyakazi Yusufu n’Interahamwe ze n’abandi.

Nyuma yo guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, imibiri myinshi y’abiciwe mu ruganda rwa CIMERWA no mu nkengero zarwo yaburiwe irengero kugira ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro kubera ko yajugunywe mu migezi. Ababashije kuboneka bashyinguwe mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Muganza.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Muganza

394 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZEYIMANA Jean mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 28 Ukwakira 2017.395 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, urukiko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa Muganza, urugereko rwa 3, Gicurasi, 2007

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Muganza ruri i ruhande rwa Kiriziya Gatorika, Paruwasi ya Muganza, mu mudugudu wa Katabuvuga,

akagali ka Gakoni, Umurenge wa Muganza.(Ifoto yafashwe na Nikuze Donatien, ku wa 28 Ukwakira 2017)

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5.5 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye

Komini Nyakabuye yari yubatsemo ibiro bya Superefegitura ya Bugumya. Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye Nsengumuremyi Diogène yakoranaga mu buryo bwa hafi na Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Bugumya Nsengimana Etienne. Komini Nyakabuye yakomokagamo kandi Interahamwe zikomeye zirimo Bandetse Edouard w’i Kigurwe. Bandetse Edouard yari asanzwe ari umucuruzi ukomeye, ari no mu buyobozi bwa MRND ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu (yari Tresorier wa MRND). Bandetse Edouard ni umwe mu bakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ishyirwe mu bikorwa ku rwego rwifuzwaga n’abicanyi. 5.5.1 Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye

Mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye, Abatutsi biciwe hafi ya Komini Nyakabuye mu bibanza bya Minisitiri Ntagerura muri Nyamaronko, aho yashakaga kubaka Amashuri, ubu hari ikigo Nderabuzima cya Nyakabuye. Biciwe kandi i Nyarushishi, i Kinunga, Nyamaronko i Bugufi, Gitambi i Mashesha, i Karama, Nyakabwende, Nyamubembe i Nyakagoma, i Rubona, Muhanga i Kigabiro, Kabora i Kigwa n’ahandi. Abatutsi biciwe kandi aho bari batuye mu ngo zabo ndetse no mu ngo z’abaturanyi. By’umwihariko umubare munini w’Abatutsi wiciwe munsi ya Komini Nyakabuye no ku musozi wa Nyarushishi.

5.5.2 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Komini Nyakabuye

Ubwo kwica Abatutsi byatangiraga mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye hahise hicwa Ndagijimana Pierre Célestin wari umukozi wa Superefegitura ya Bugumya yicirwa ku isoko rya Nyakabuye. Hahise hicwa kandi Nzeyimana Zacharie wari umu planton kuri Superefegitura ya Bugumya, hicwa Gervais n’abandi.396 Ku wa 10 Mata 1994 ubwicanyi bwari bumaze gufata

396 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Almas George Daniel mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017.

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intera yo hejuru. Ni bwo Interahamwe zateye Gakwaya wo muri Gaseke ziramwica, zirangije zisahura inka ze barazirya.397

Ku wa 12 Mata 1994, habaye inama yabereye kuri Komini Nyakabuye, itangirwamo ubutumwa mu buryo bweruye ko umwanzi ari Umututsi. Kuva ubwo amayira yose yahise afungwa kugira ngo hatagira Umututsi uhunga, bashyiraho amarondo akomeye, uwo bafatiye mu nzira bakamwica. Mu ijoro ryo kuri uwo wa 12 Mata 1994 ni bwo muri Segiteri Nyakabuye bafashe Abatutsi 12 b’i Kinunga babafungira mu nzu yo kwa Rusatsi John. Abafunzwe harimo Twahirwa Nicolas, Habakurama Félix, Mirindi Nicodem, Nzamwita Colonel, Josiane, Kayijuka Anaclet, John, Mukamugenzi, Pérpetue, Karambizi Tharcisse, Nkurikiye Wellars na Kayumba Thélesphore bo mu Kinunga. Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 13 Mata 1994 bose bahise bicwa. Uwo munsi hishwe Abatutsi benshi hirya no hino muri Komini Nyakabuye ku buryo muri Kinunga honyine hishwe abarenga 49.398

Ku wa 14 Mata 1994, ubwicanyi bwarakomeje, Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Komini Nyakabuye bicirwa mu bibanza bya Minisitiri Ntegerura André. Bishe abagabo gusa, abagore babanza kubareka, ariko nabo bicwa ku wa 09 Gicurasi 1994, bicirwa ku cyobo cyari kwa Focus Bizimana, icyobo babeshye ko cyari cyaracukuwe ngo kizashyirwemo Abahutu.399

Ku wa 15 Mata 1994 hishwe kandi Abatutsi bo mu Kagari ka Kamanu mu Mudugudu wa Bikinga bicirwa ahitwa Nyakabwende. Hishwe na none Abatutsi b’ i Gitambi mu Kagali ka Cyingwa, umudugudu wa Mpinga.400 5.5.3 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku musozi wa Nyarushishi

Nyarushishi ni agace gaherereye kuri kirometero 12 uvuye mu Mujyi wa Kamembe mu Karere ka Rusizi. Ni ahahoze ari muri Komine Nyakabuye, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nkungu. Ni

397 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Jean Bosco mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017.398 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Jean Bosco mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017.399 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya GATARAYIHA Gérome mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017.400 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MBABABAREMPORE Juvenal mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017.

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agace karangwa n’ubukonje buvanze n’umuyaga bidashira. N’ubwo yari muri Komini Nyakabuye, Nyarushishi yari mu masanganzira ya Komine Cyimbogo na Komini Gisuma. Nyarushishi yari mu ihuriro ry’abakuru b’Interahamwe zikomeye barimo Nyandwi Christophe, Bandetse Edouard na Nsabimana Callixte wari Umuyobozi w’Uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha.

Kuva ku wa 10 Mata 1994, ubwo ubwicanyi bwari bumaze gusakara muri Komini Nyakabuye, Abatutsi benshi bo muri Nkungu bahunze ibitero bya Bandetse Edouard n’Interahamwe ze, berekeza muri Komini Gisuma aho bakekaga ko ho ubwicanyi butarahagera. Benshi mu Batutsi bo muri Nkungu bishwe rugikubita barimo umuryango wa Nzakamwita Polycalpe, umusaza Maja Gérad n’umuhungu we Martin bishwe batwitswe, hicwa Ngarambe, Sebiziga n’abandi.401

Abafashe umwanzuro wo guhunga bageze ku Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha, abajandarume barindaga uruganda barabahagarika, babasaba gusubira iwabo. Bahise basubirayo, bajya gukambika ku mbibi z’icyayi, bakeka ko ho bashobora kuhagirira agahenge. Nyuma y’umwanya muto, Nsabimana Callixte wayoboraga Uruganda rwa Shagasha ari kumwe n’umujandarume yahise abakurikira, babagezeho barabirukana ngo bajye muri Komini yabo ya Nyakabuye. Bahise bahava, berekeza mu gice cya Komini Nyakabuye. 402

Ku itariki ya 11 Mata 1994, Bandetse Edouard n’Interahamwe ze bamaze kumenya ko Abatutsi bahunze kandi ko bari i Nyarushishi, bahise bafata umwanzuro wo kubatera aho bahungiye. Kanamugire asobanura ko Interahamwe zahise zibasanga aho bari bacumbitse, ariko impunzi zirwanaho zikoresheje amabuye, Interahamwe ziraneshwa.403

Ku itariki ya 12 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zongeye kubatera ziturutse impande zose. Abanyuze ku kigo cy’imyuga cya Marcel bahasanze abajandarume bari basanzwe bahaba, umwe muri abo bajandarume ahita akomezanya na bo. Bageze hafi y’impunzi, zongeye kwirwahano zikoresheje amabuye. Interahamwe zibona ko n’ubundi bongera gutsindwa, biba

401 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casmir mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017.402 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUTESA Jean Bosco mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2017.403 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANAMUGIRE Gérvais mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2017.

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ngombwa ko umujandarume akoresha imbunda, yica Zigiriza Tewojeni, hakomereka Eugene wo kwa Pasitori wo mu Kinanira waje no gupfa nyuma, hakomereka kandi Félicitée wo kwa Fabien mu Kiziguro. Impunzi zimaze kubona ko hari abapfuye n’inkomere, abarokotse bahise bafata umwanzuro wo guhungira i Cyangugu kuri Katedarali.404

Mu rukerera rwo ku wa 13 Mata 1994, abarokotse berekeje kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu kubera ko bari bafite amakuru ko hari abandi bahahungiye. Mu nzira bagiye bahura n’abandi bagafatanya urugendo ku bw’amahirwe babona bagezeyo, baharara uwo munsi no ku wa 14 Mata, ku wa 15 Mata 1994 Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel aza kuhabakura babajyana muri Stade Kamarampaka.

Abatutsi bageze muri Stade Kamarampaka nta mahoro bahagiriye, kuko bakomeje kwicwa kugera hafashwe umwanzuro wo kongera kubagarura ku musozi wa Nyarushishi. Icyemezo cyo kwimurira Abatutsi bari muri Stade babajyana i Nyarushishi cyafashwe ku itariki ya 10 Gicurasi 1994 mu nama y’umutekano yabereye ku Ngoro ya Muvoma ku musozi wa Cyangugu. Nibwo ku itariki ya 11 Gicurasi 1994 ku gicamunsi, abasirikare n’abajandarume basesekaye muri stade impunzi zigira ngo baje gutwara Abatutsi bajya kwica nk’uko byari bimenyerewe, maze basaba buri wese kwinjira mu modoka (bus) zari mu marembo ya Stade. HABIMANA Casimir asobanura ko Superefe Kamonyo ariwe wari uhagarikiye icyo gikorwa, maze bamwe babanza kwanga kwinjira ariko asaba abantu kwinjira mu modoka hakurikijwe amakomine bakomokagamo, nyuma babajyana mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi. Impunzi zagiye ziherekejwe n’abakorerabushake ba CICR. Impunzi zigeze i Nyarushishi, abari basanzwe batahazi bakubiswe n’inkuba babonye uko hateye. Kari agasozi kambaye ubusa, ibintu byari bitandukanye n’ibyo bari babwiwe na Perefe Bagambiki ko bamaze kuhatunganya, ko hari ibyangombwa byose nkenerwa, ko bubatse n’amashitingi ku buryo abantu bagerayo binjira mu nzu bubakiwe. Bakiri mu cyeragati cyo kwibaza aho baza kurara, CICR yahise ibagoboka itanga shitingi imwe kuri buri bantu batanu. Impunzi nazo zahise zishakisha uduti two kuramburaho izo shitingi barubaka.405

404 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANAMUGIRE Gérvais mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2017.405 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ukwakira 2017.

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Muri icyo gikorwa cyo kujyana impunzi mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi, harimo abahise bicwa bakihagera barimo umu planton witwaga Bembe wakoraga kuri Perefegitura. Yageze i Nyarushishi abajandarume bamubonye bariyamira bati ‘Bembe ntarapfa!’ Bahise bongera kumushyira mu modoka bajya kumwica. Harimo kandi umuganga w’amatungo witwa Nshogoza nawe wakoraga kuri Perefegitura. Abo bajandarume bamwishe agisohoka mu modoka.406 N’ubwo bakuwe muri Stade bababeshya ko aho babajyanye i Nyarushishi baza kubarindira umutekano, umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi wari ukomeje. Bamaze kugera i Nyarushishi, Interahamwe zahise zitema urutoki rwari hafi aho kugira ngo biborohere gukurikirana ubuzima bw’abari mu nkambi. Inkambi yahise kandi igotwa na bariyeri z’Interahamwe hamwe n’abajandarume bari mu gice cyo haruguru. Ntawashoboraga kwambuka umuhanda wari haruguru cyangwa se ngo ajye hepfo arenge umugezi bavomagamo, ndetse ntawarengaga hakurya, uwabigeragezaga Interahamwe zahitaga zimwica. Rimwe na rimwe Interahamwe zinjiraga mu nkambi zigakuramo abo zishatse zijya kwica.407 Ibyo byose Interahamwe zabikoraga abajandarume bazireba ntibazibuze kandi bitwa ko barinze impunzi. Ibyo byerekana ko impunzi zitari zirindiwe umutekano, ahubwo kwari ukugira ngo hatagira usohoka agatoroka. N’ubwo Abatutsi bari mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi bari bahashyizwe nk’abahahungiye, kandi babeshywe ko umutekano wabo ugomba kurindwa, Interahamwe zakuragamo abo zishatse n’igihe zishakiye kugeza ku wa 23 Kamena 1994 ubwo umugambi wo kubarimbura burundu wari wateguwe waburijwemo.

5.5.3.1 Itariki ya 23 Kamena 1994: umunsi utazibagirana ku Batutsi barokokeye i Nyarushishi

Nk’uko byari byagenze i Nyamasheke, i Shangi, i Mibizi, i Nyabitimbo, mu Bisesero n’ahandi hakusanyirijwe Abatutsi bakicirwa hamwe, hateguwe umugambi wo kwica n’abari bahurijwe i Nyarushishi. Ni bwo mu rukerera rwo ku wa 23 Kamena 1994, Interahamwe nyinshi zikusanyije ziherekejwe n’abana n’abagore babo zerekeza ku musozi wa Nyarushishi

406 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANAMUGIRE Gervais mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2017.407 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANYEMERA Aloys mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ukwakira 2017.

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kwica Abatutsi bari mu nkambi. Bwakeye barangije kugota inkambi yose, maze Abatutsi bagiye ku byuka basanga bakikijwe n’Interahamwe.408

Umugambi wo kumaraho Abatutsi bari bateraniye i Nyarushishi Interahamwe zari ziwuziranyeho na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel kuko bateganyaga kubica hakiri kare mu ibanga kandi nta bimenyetso basize, nyuma bagafata bene wabo bakabatuza muri za shitingi zari zisanzwemo impunzi, nyuma abasirikare b’Abafaransa baje muri « Opération turquoise » babasangamo bakavuga ko ari bo mpunzi baje kurinda.409

Nk’uko byagarutsweho n’abatangabuhamya babaye mu nkambi i Nyarushishi, ku wa 23 Kamena 1994 babyutse basanga bagoswe n’Interahamwe zambaye imyambaro yiganjemo ibara ry’umweru, impunzi zibona noneho ko byarangiye, baratuza, bategereza ko bicwa. Mu gihe Interahamwe zari zitaratangira kwica, ariko zamaze kugota inkambi yose zitegereje amabwiriza yo gutangira kwica, Colonnel Bavugamenshi Innocent wari umuyobozi wa Jandarumori mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yahise ahasesekara aherekejwe n’imodoka (bus) ebyiri zuzuye abajandarume bavuye i Cyangugu, bahita bajya hagati y’impunzi n’Interahamwe zari zagose inkambi, impunzi ziyoberwa ibyo ari byo.410 Abajandarume bamaze kugera mu myanya yabo, Colonnel Bavugamenshi yahise abwira Interahamwe ko bose bajya kwakira Abafaransa, impunzi zigasigara zirinzwe na ba bajandarume.411 Interahamwe zose zahise zigenda, abajandarume basigara aho kugera ku gicamunsi ubwo ingabo z’Abafaransa zageraga i Nyarushishi zije muri « Opération turquoise », abajandarume na bo barataha. Ubwicanyi bwari bwateguwe buburizwamo butyo.

408 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ukwakira 2017.409 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Straton ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.410 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ukwakira 2017.411 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NAMBAJIMANA Donati mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ugushyingo 2017.

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Inkambi ya Nyarushishi

Kuza kw’abasirikare b’Abafaransa ntikwahise guhagarika ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi no mu nkengero zayo. Hari Abatutsi baturukaga hanze y’inkambi bagatangirwa n’Interahamwe mbere yo kwinjira mu nkambi bakicwa abasirikare b’Abafaransa bareba. Impunzi z’Abatutsi zageragezaga kujya gushaka ibyo kurya kubera inzara, ndetse n’inkwi na bo Interahamwe zahitaga zibica abasirikare b’Abafaransa bareba.412

Umusozi wa Nyarushishi ukaba wariciweho muri rusange Abatutsi barenga 138. Abatutsi biciwe i Nyarushishi no nirya no hino muri Komini Nyakabuye, Cyimbogo, Karengera na Gisuma bashyinguwe mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Nyarushishi.

412 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANYEMERA Aloys mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ukwakira 2017.

Ifoto yerekana uburyo ubuzima bwari bwifashe mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi

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Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Nyarushishi

5.5.3.2 Inkambi ya Nyarushishi yaragutse nyuma yo kuza kw’Abafaransa

Abasirikare b’Abafaransa bamaze kugera i Nyarushishi, inkambi yaragutse iba nini cyane kubera ko yakiriye n’abandi barokotse hirya no hino muri Cyangugu, Kibuye n’ahandi. Uretse Abatutsi bakuwe muri Stade Kamarampaka, i Mibirizi, i Shangi no ku Nkanka, hari abari bihishe mu giturage bashoboye kumenyekana, ndetse n’abari bashoboye guhungira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo batangiye kugaruka kuko abicanyi n’imiryango yabo na bo bari batangiye guhunga. Bose berekezaga mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi, maze iraguka abantu baba benshi cyane.413

5.5.3.3 Ifungwa ry’Inkambi ya Nyarushishi

Mu kwezi ku Ugushyingo 1994, hafashwe icyemezo ko Abatutsi bari mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi basubira iwabo aho

413 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAPFAKURERA Jean mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 03 Ugushyingo 2017.

Urwibutso rwo ku rwego rw’Akarere ka Rusizi rwa Nyarushishi, rushyinguyemo Abatutsi biciwe ku musozi wa Nyarushishi n’abaguye hirya

no hino mu Karere ka Rusizi.(Ifoto yafashwe na Nikuze Donatien, ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2017)

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bakomoka. Kwakira icyo cyemezo ntibyoroheye abarokotse Jenoside bari mu nkambi kubera ko aho bakomoka hari harabaye amatongo, imitungo yarasahuwe, inzu zarasenwe, nta mibereho ihari muri rusange. Ibyo byatumye bamwe batinya kwinjira mu modoka zari zaje kubacyura, batinya gusubira ku masambu bitewe n’uko bari barahasize hameze. Ibyo byatumye hari imiryango imwe n’imwe yahisemo kujyamwa i Kigali indi i Kibungo. Mu bagiye i Kibungo harimo Segatarama Pierre, Ntamatsiko Aimable, Ngirabatware Léonard, Twagiramungu Innocent, Nsengumuremyi Déo, Gakwandi Ananias, Musoni Boniface, Gatanazi Ignace, Munderere Emmanuel, umugore wa Munyantwari Gaëtan na Simbizi Innocent. Abandi benshi bafite imiryango i Kigali bahisemo kuyisanga aho gusubira ku isambu mu matongo.414

Abahise basubira mu matongo nta bwo byaboroheye, basanze amasambu abaturanyi ba bo barayigabije, amazu barasenye, ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ari nyinshi mu baturanyi n’ibindi. Ariko nta mahitamo yandi yari ahari uretse kubana nk’uko Guverinoma y’Ubumwe yabikanguriraga Umunyarwanda wese. Bamaze kugera ku matongo, ubuyobozi bwatangiye kubitaho, bafashwa kubona amacumbi, baravurwa, ubuzima bugenda bugaruka buhoro buhoro, abakiri bato batangira amashuri barihirwa n’ikigega cya FARG, abagizwe incike na Jenoside batangira kwitabwaho, abagize uruhare muri Jenoside barafatwa, buhoro buhoro ubuzima bugenda buragaruka.

5.6 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera Komini Karengera yakomokagamo Minisitiri Ntagerura André na Nyandwi Christophe wari Perezida w’Interahamwe ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Komini Karengera yakomokagamo kandi abahezanguni bakomeye barimo Busunyu Michel n’abandi.

414 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SEGATARAMA Pierre mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2018.

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5.6.1 Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera

Mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mwezi, kuri Komini Karengera, kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyabitimbo, muri Kareba i Muyenzi na Cyicarangabo, ku rusengero rwa ADEPER Bweyeye, ku migezi wa Koko na Ruhwa, Nyamuhunga, Muto, Shangazi, Kanazi, Bumazi i Gashwati na Kirabashuta, mu kigo cya EAV Ntendezi n’ahandi. Abatutsi biciwe kuri Shangazi, mu Kigo cy’ishuri rya EAV Ntendezi no mu nkengero zaho bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Ruharambuga ruri i Ntendezi.

Ubwo Jenoside yatangiraga gushyirwa mu bikorwa, Abatutsi bo kuri Shangazi bishwe rugikubita ku wa 8 Mata 1994, babatwikira mu nzu nyuma yo kubabeshya ko bagiye kubakoresha inama y’umutekano.415 Kuva uwo munsi Abatutsi bishwe umunsi ku wundi, bicirwa mu ngo zabo ndetse no mu ngo z’abaturanyi. By’umwihariko umubare munini w’Abatutsi bo muri Komini Karengera biciwe kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyabitimbo, Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mwezi no kuri Komini Karengera, i Nyamuhunga no ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Bweyeye.

5.6.2 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mwezi no kuri Komini Karengera

Mu gihe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yari itangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa hirya no hino mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, Abatutsi bo mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rwabidege no muri Rurama bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Mwezi no kuri Komini Karengera bizeye ko bashobora kuhagirira amahoro. Ibyo bibwiraga ariko si ko byagenze kubera ko, ku cyumweru tariki ya 17 Mata 1994, Interahamwe ziyobowe na Côme mwene Nyamutunga Anicet wo muri Karambo zabagabyeho igitero, zica umubare munini w’Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Mwezi.416

Interahamwe zimaze kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Mwezi, zakomeje zijya kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Komini Karengera. Interahamwe zigeze hafi ya

415 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NKURUNZIZA Chaste mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ugushyingo 2017.416 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MBONYUMUTWA Jean Baptiste ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, Ugushyingo 2017.

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Komini Karengera, umupolisi wari ubarinze yabanje kurasa mu kirere, Interahamwe ubwoba burazitaha, zikwira imishwaro. Ayo makuru yahise agera kuri Burugumesitiri Sinzabakwira Straton ahita afata umwanzuro wo kwambura imbunda uwo mu polisi. Ibyo byatumye Interahamwe zirara mu Batutsi bari aho kuri Komini, babica nta cyo bishisha kubera ko bari bashyigikiwe n’Ubuyobozi. Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi ya Mwezi no kuri Komini Karengera bashyinguwe mu Rwibutso rwubatse mu marembo ya Paruwasi ya Mwezi.417

5.6.3 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Santeri ya Nyamuhunga Centre ya Nyamuhunga ihererereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyamuhunga, Komini Karengera, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Ruharambuga, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Ubwo Jenoside yatangiraga gushyirwa mu bikorwa, Abatutsi bo muri Save na Gashirabwoba bahungiye kuri Centre ya Nyamuhunga babeshywa na Rujigo François wari umupolisi ko ariho baza kubarindira. Abatutsi bahageze bamwe bateraniye mu nzu ya Majyambere Pascal abandi bajya mu nzu z’ubucuruzi zari zihari.418 Interahamwe zimaze kwica Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Mwezi no kuri Komini Karengera, zamenye ko hari Abatutsi bahungiye muri Centre ya Nyamuhunga, maze bategura umugambi wo kujya kubica. Ni bwo ku wa 18 Mata 1994, Interahamwe z’i Matare na Nyamuhunga zagose Centre ya Nyamuhunga, maze impunzi z’Abatutsi bari bahateraniye barenga 1500 zirabica, imirambo ya bo bayijugunya mu misarani yari aho muri Centre. Mu bamamaye muri icyo gitero harimo Rujigo François wari umupolisi, Ngido n’abandi.419

Abatutsi biciwe muri Centre ya Nyamuhunga no mu nkengero za ho bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Nyamuhunga.

417 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Straton ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.418 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKANKUSI Thérèse mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 17 Ugushyingo 2017.419 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANANI Aphrodis mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 17 Ugushyingo 2017.

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Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Nyamuhunga

5.6.4 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyabitimbo

Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyabitimbo iherereye mu Murenge wa Butare mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, mu cyahoze ari Ubwami bw’Ubusozo. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Abatutsi bo mu Murenge wa Butare, Gikundamvura na Nyakabuye bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyabitimbo. Bahageze bakiriwe n’Abapadiri bera bahabaga aribo: Padiri Armand Paulin w’Umukanada, Padiri Marc François w’Umubiligi na Padiri Alain Coeffi c w’Umufaransa. Impunzi zimaze kuba nyinshi, Abapadiri bahise basaba Abajandarume bo kubarindira umutekano.420 Ibyo ariko ntibyabujije Interahamwe kubagabaho ibitero no kubica.

Igitero cyo ku wa 12 Mata 1994

Kubera ko Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Nyabitimbo bari bashyigikiwe bidasubirwaho n’Abapadiri bera babakiriye, dore ko abo bapadiri bari basanzwe bafi te imbunda,

420 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUGAMBANA Jean Berchmas mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2017

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Nyamuhunga rushyinguyemo Abatutsi biciwe muri Centre ya Nyamuhunga no mu nkengero zaho, mu

murenge wa Ruharambuga, Akarere ka Nyamasheke.(Ifoto yafashwe na Nikuze Donatien, ku wa 17 Ugushyingo 2017)

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bafatanyije banesheje igitero cya mbere cyo kuwa 12 Mata 1994 cyerekeje kuri Paruwasi ya Nyabitimbo kigiye kwica Abatutsi bari bahahungiye. Interahamwe zihageze, impunzi zagerageje kwirwanaho zikoresheje amabuye, zifashwa n’Abapadiri cyane cyane Padiri Paulin wari ufite imbunda, maze Interahamwe barazinesha zirataha.421 Interahamwe z’i Nyabitimbo zibonye ko zananiwe, zagiye gutabaza iz’i Nyakabuye no mu Bugarama kwa Munyakazi Yusufu.


Ku wa mbere tariki ya 18 Mata 1994, Interahamwe z’i Nyakabuye, izo mu Bugarama na Karengera zahuriye ku mugambi wo kujya kwica Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyabitimbo. Interahamwe zihageze zishe Abatutsi b’igitsina gabo bose, abagore banga kubica bavuga ko mu bisanzwe abagore batagira ubwoko nk’uko bisobanurwa na Mukarugaba Scholastique:

Abantu bamaze kugwira kwa Padiri i Nyabitimbo, byageze ku wa 18 Mata ahagana i saa mbiri za mu gitondo tubona igitero cy’Interahamwe nyinshi kitugezeho, bahita batangira kutwica. Ariko ngo hari hatanzwe itegeko ko abana b’abakobwa n’abagore basonewe, ko hagomba gupfa abagabo n’abahungu gusa. Icyo gihe nta mwana w’umuhungu n’umwe warokokeye i Nyabitimbo, bose barishwe. Hishwe abagabo n’abana b’abahungu barenga 80. Abana banjye b’abahungu babonye bari gutwara abahungu gusa bampungiraho, baramfashe baranko-meza banga kundekura bansaba ngo mbakize (…). Bakomeje kunyihambiraho noneho Interahamwe zihita zibatema amaboko aba ari yo nsigarana. Umwe bahise bamukubita fer à beton mu mutwe ubwonko burasohoka, undi baramutemagura, bombi bapfuye ndeba. Mu gihe Interahamwe zicaga, ba bajandarume nta cyo bakoze ngo barengere abicwaga, ahubwo bafashije Interahamwe kugota ahantu hose kugira ngo hatagira utoroka. 422

421 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUDAHUNGA Jean Berchmas mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2017422 Ubuhamya bwa MUKARUGABA Scholastique mu Karere ka RUSIZI, 2018.

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Abapadiri bera bari kuri Paruwasi ya Nyabitimbo barimo Padiri Armand Paulin w’Umukanada, Padiri Marc François w’Umubiligi na Padiri Alain Coeffic w’Umufaransa babonye uburyo Abatutsi biciwe mu maso yabo nta cyo bashobora kubafasha bahise bahunga, basiga Paruwasi yonyine, banyura mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe berekeza i Burundi. Bagiye n’amaguru, banga kujyana imodoka kugira ngo Abajandarume bari bahari bataza kumenya ko bahunze bakabibwira Interahamwe zikabagirira nabi mu nzira.423 Kuva ubwo ntawongeye kugaruka mu Rwanda. Kuva ku wa 19 Mata 1994, abarokotse i Nyabitimbo bahise batangira kuva aho kuri Paruwasi, bamwe bahungira i Burundi abandi bajya kwihisha mu baturanyi, abandi bahungira i Nyarushishi. Jenoside imaze guhagarikwa, Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyabitimbo bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Nyabitimbo rwari kuri Paruwasi ya Nyabitimbo. Urwibutso rwashyinguwemo Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyabitimbo rwanditseho ubutumwa bubaza buri wese icyo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yamariye abayiteguye bakanayishyira mu bikorwa. Handitse amagambo agira ati: « Amaraso y’izi nzirakarengane yunguye nde? » Buri wese yakwibaza icyo kibazo, maze igisubizo abonye kikamubera umusingi wo kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside no kuzirikana ko ibyabaye bitazongera ukundi.

Mu rwego rwo kubungabunga amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi no guha agaciro Abatutsi bishwe, imibiri y’Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyabitimbo no mu nkengero zaho yakuwe aho yari mu rwibutso rwa Nyabitimbo, bajya gushyingurwa mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Nyarushishi ruherereye mu Murenge wa Nkungu, Akarere ka Rusizi. 5.6.5 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Bweyeye

Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Abatutsi bo mu murenge wa Bweyeye batangiye guhigwa rugikubita. Babonye ko nta cyizere bafitiye umutekano wa bo, abenshi muri bo bahise bahungira ku rusengero rwa ADEPR

423 Ndorimana Jean, op. Cit., p.94

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Bweyeye. Bimaze kumenyekana ko bahungiye ku rusengero, Ntawutazamutora Philippe wari Resiponsabule afatanyije na Majyambere mwene Ntibanyurwa, hamwe n’umujandarume witwaga Nkubana bakoresheje inama mu ijoro ryo ku wa 11 Mata 1994, inama yabereye mu gikari cyo kwa Ntawutazamutora Philippe. Mu bitabiriye iyo nama harimo Gisangani, Gicondo, Bagirubwira, Majyambere Juvénal wari umusirikari n’abandi. Iyo nama ni yo yatangiwe mo umurongo w’uburyo kwica Abatutsi bigomba gukorwa, maze ku wa 12 Mata 1994 ubwicanyi buhita butangira.424

Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 ahagana i saa moya, Interahamwe zagabye igitero ku Batutsi bari bahungiye ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Bweyeye. Interahamwe zihageze, zakomerekeje Nyirinkindi Augustin zinatemagura bikomeye Mukakarera Peteronira bamusiga mu mugende bagira ngo yapfuye. Ku bw’amahirwe Mukakarera Peteronira nti yashizemo umwuka, maze bamujyana kwa muganga, baramuvura aroroherwa nyuma ahungana na nyina hamwe n’umugore wa Edouard berekeza muri Nyamasheke, ariko biza kuba iby’ubusa kubera ko biciwe mu Ibanda mu Murenge wa Cyato, basohotse ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Imirambo yabo ishyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Yove ruri mu murenge wa Cyato. Igitero cyo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 nticyahitanye Abatutsi benshi kubera ubwoba Interahamwe zatewe n’amasasu yarashwe n’umusirikare wari hafi y’urusengero, Interahamwe ziriruka.425

Interahamwe zibonye ko umugambi wazo upfubye, zafashe umwanya uhagije wo kwitegura. Ni bwo ku wa 17 Mata 1994, ahagana saa tanu, Interahamwe zikusanyije, zongera kugaba igitero ku rusenngero rwa ADEPR Bweyeye. Interahamwe zihageze, zasanze Abatutsi bahahungiye bari mu masengesho, maze zirabinjirana n’imipanga zirabica, harokoka bake cyane barimo Kanamugire n’umugore witwa Lydie. Imirambo y’abishwe Interahamwe zayisize aho mu rusengero no mu nkengero zarwo, zirigendera. Nyuma Resiponsabule Ntawutazamutora Philippe afatanyije n’Interahamwe ze bafashe imirambo bayishyira mu myobo yari aho ku rusengero.426

424 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NGENDAHIMANA Athanase mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 30 Ukwakira 2017. 425 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANYABASHI Thomas mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 30 Ukwakira 2017.

426 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABINSHUTI Thomas mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 30 Ukwakira 2017.

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Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi imaze guhagarikwa, Pasteur Kanyabashi Thomas afatanyije na Hategekimana Vianney bakoze ubukangurambaga, maze bafatanyije n’abaturage bakura imirambo muri ya myobo, babashyingura mu cyubahiro.427

Uretse Abatutsi biciwe ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Bweyeye, Abatutsi biciwe kandi muri Rasano, Tangaro aho bacukuraga amabuye y’agaciro, Murwa no muri Nyamuzi. Hari kandi abishwe bajugunywa mu mazi mu migezi ya Tangaro, Koko na Ruhwa n’ahandi. Mu bamamaye mu bwicanyi mu Bweyeye harimo Resiponsabule Ntawutazamutora Philippe, Majyambere Juvénal mwene Ntibanyurwa, Gisangani n’abandi. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Murenge wa Bweyeye yatwaye ubuzima bw’Abatutsi barenga 62 bashyinguwe mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Bweyeye.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu murenge wa Bweyeye

427 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HATEGEKIMANA Vianney mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 30 Ukwakira 2017.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Bweyeye ruri i ruhande rwa ADEPR Bweyeye, rushyinguyemo Abatutsi biciwe kuri ADEPR Bweyeye no

hirya no hino mu Murenge wa Bweyeye, Akarere ka Rusizi.(Ifoto yafashwe na Nikuze Donatien, ku wa 30 Ukwakira 2017)

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5.7 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma

Komini Gisuma yakomokagamo Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Bagambiki Emmanuel, Barigira Félicien, Gakwaya Callixte w’i Bumazi n’abandi. Komini Gisuma yabagamo kandi Uruganda rwa Shagasha rwari ruyobowe mu 1994 na Nsabimana Callixte wagize uruhare rutaziguye mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

5.7.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma

Mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma, kwica Abatutsi byatangiye rugikubita kuva ku wa 8 Mata 1994. Abatutsi barahizwe, baterwa mu ngo zabo aho batuye, aho bahungiye hose Interahamwe zirahabasanga zirabica. Abatutsi biciwe kuri ADEPR Ntura, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Munyove, Abatutsi biciwe muri Serire Nyamateke, Serire Burinda (mu rusengero rw’Abaporoso i Burinda), Serire Bushengo, Serire Impara no muri Serire Turambe. Muri Segiteri Musumba, Abatutsi biciwe muri Serire Rwamahwa no muri Serire Kanazi. Muri Segiteri Bumazi, Abatutsi biciwe muri Serire Gashwati no muri Serire Kirabaruta. Muri Segiteri Shagasha, Abatutsi biciwe muri Serire Gasharu no ku Kiliziya ya Shagasha, Abatutsi biciwe kandi muri Serire Nyagatare no muri Serire Rwunvaguma. Muri Segiteri Bugungu, Abatutsi biciwe muri Serire Kidashira no muri Serire Ruhinamavi. Mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mwito, Abatutsi biciwe muri Serire Kigaga, Serire Urwumuyaga, Serire Gakombe no muri Serire Mwito. Muri Segiteri Gashirabwoba, Abatutsi biciwe muri Serire Gakwisi, mu bitaro bya Bushenge, ku musozi wa Kidashira no ku Kibuga cya Gashirabwoba. Abatutsi biciwe kandi aho bari batuye mu ngo zabo ndetse no mu ngo z’abaturanyi. By’umwihariko Abatutsi benshi biciwe kuri ADEPR Ntura, mu bitaro bya Bushenge, ku musozi wa Kidashira no ku kibuga cya Gashirabwoba.

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5.7.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku rusengero rwa ADEPR Ntura

Ku wa 9 Mata 1994 Interahamwe zabyukiye kuri Paruwasi ya ADEPR Ntura zitwaje Lisansi yo kutwika urusengero rwarimo Abatutsi barenga 100 bari baruhungiyemo. Interahamwe zihageze, umugambi wo gutwika urusengero ntizawemeranyijweho, maze zifata umwanzuro wo kuzabicisha intwaro gakondo, zihita zisubirayo kwitegura.428

Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 10 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zabyukiye kuri Paruwasi ya ADEPR Ntura zafashe umwanzuro ko Abatutsi bahari bagomba kwicwa. Interahamwe zasabye abari mu rusengero gusohoka, impunzi zirabyanga. Interahamwe zahise zica inzugi n’amadirishya zibasangamo. Mbere yo kubica, Interahamwe zabanje gutandukanya ababago n’abagore. Nyuma yo kubatandukanya, zatangiye kwica abagabo zikoresheje inkota n’imihoro, zihera kuri Baziri mwene Sengenzi, bica Bagambiki n’abandi. Kuri uwo munsi bishe abagabo bari muri urwo rusengero. Umurinzi w’igihango Bucyana Epainette asobanura ko nyuma yo kubatemagura, bajugunye imirambo ya bo mu cyobo cyari umusarani w’ishuri mu Kigo cya Ntura Protestant, abenshi bajugunywamo bakirimo umwuka, ariko batemaguwe bikomeye.429 Sebadenge Emmanuel, Umushumba Mukuru wa ADEPR ku rwego rw’Intara y’i Burengerazuba asobanura ko kuri Paruwasi ya ADEPR Ntura hiciwe muri rusange Abatutsi bagera ku 178.430

Interahamwe zimaze kwica abagabo, abagore n’abana bagera kuri 69 zarabaretse, zibasiga aho mu rusengero, ziragenda. Interahamwe zimaze kugenda, abarokotse na bo bafashe umwanzuro wo kuhava, bahunga buri wese ku giti cye. Mu guhunga kwabo ariko, abenshi biciwe mu nkengero za Paruwasi ya Ntura, abandi bicirwa hirya no hino aho bahuriraga. 5.7.3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu bitaro bya Bushenge

Ibitaro bya Bushenge byiciwemo Abatutsi benshi barimo abahahungiye ndetse n’abari abakozi b’ibitaro, bicwa bagenzi

428 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RURANGIRWA Léon mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2017.429 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BUCYANA Epainette mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 11 Ukwakira 2017.430 Ijambo SEBADENGE Emmanuel yavuze ku wa 24 Gicurasi 2018, mu muhango wo Kwibuka ku Nshuro ya 24 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi ADEPR Ntura.

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ba bo bahuje umwuga wo kurengera ubuzima bareba nk’uko bisobanurwa na Mudacumura Jean wari ufite imyaka 10 ubwo Jenoside yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, akaba yararokokeye mu Bitaro bya Bushenge. Mudacumura Jean yagize ati:

Interahamwe zishe Abatutsi benshi mu bitaro bya Bushenge. Ikibabaje ni uko hari n’abashizemo umwuka mu maso y’abaforomo, kandi hari icyo bakabafashije. Nababajwe no kubona na mugenzi wabo Ntwarabakiga Canisius bamureka yatemaguwe bikabije avirirana, bakajya bamunyuraho, maze umwe muri bo aramujyana amushyiramo serumu, hahita haza undi ayimukuramo avuga ngo serumu ya bo si iyo gupfusha ubusa ishyirwa mu Nyenzi. Yayimukuyemo hashize akanya ashiramo umwuka.431

Ubuhamya bwa Mudacumura Jean bwerekana uburyo Jenoside yateguwe kugera n’aho mugenzi wawe muhuje umwuga, mwirirwana umunsi ku wundi, wemera ko apfa ureba kandi ufite ubushobozi bwo kumufasha. Abatutsi biciwe mu bitaro bya Bushenge bajugunywe mu cyobo cya Nyabyenda, cyari hafi y’Ibitaro. Nyuma ya Jenoside, imibiri yabo yakuwemo, ishyingurwa mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rwa Gashirabwoba.

Abatutsi biciwe ku bitaro bya Bushenge bishwe n’Interahamwe zitandukanye ziganjemo izaturutse mu yahoze ari Segiteri Biguzi zirimo Bigabo Pascal, Nzabandora Daniel, Bahizi, Kanazi, Kibagamazi n’abandi.

5.7.4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku musozi wa Kidashira

Nyuma yo kwica Abagabo bari bahungiye mu bitaro bya Bushenge, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gisuma Nsengumuremyi Fulgence, na we wari utuye hafi y’ibitaro bya Bushenge, yasabye abagore n’abana barokotse gusubira mu ngo zabo, ababeshya ko bazarindirwa umutekano. Nyuma y’iminsi mike, Interahamwe zakoresheje ikinyoma ko hari imfashanyo zigiye gutangwa, maze zisaba Abatutsi aho bari hose kujya ku musozi wa Kidashira. Ibyo ariko byari ibinyoma, yari amayeri yateguwe n’Interahamwe agamije kwegeranya Abatutsi bose bataricwa kugira ngo kubica

431 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUDACUMURA Jean mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 1 Ugushyingo 2017.

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bizorohe kandi bikorwe vuba. Abatutsi bari basigaye bagizwe ahanini n’abana n’abagore bahise berekeza ku musozi wa Kidashira nk’uko bisobanurwa na Uwanyirigira Marie Gorette:

Muri icyo gihe abana n’abagore ni bo bari basigaye gusa, abagabo n’abasore bari barishwe. Nyuma uwitwa César yabwiye abagore ko bagomba kujya ahantu hamwe bagashakirwa uko bahabwa imfashanyo, maze bajya ku musozi wa Kidashira. Nyuma yo gutanga ubwo butumwa, buri munsi César yazaga kubaza niba bose bamaze kuhagera. Hamaze kugera abantu benshi, ku munsi twakwita ko ari uwanyuma, Interahamwe zarahabasanze zirabica zirabamara.432

Umusozi wa Kidashira ukaba ufite amateka yihariye ku bwo kuba hariciwe umubare munini w’Abagore n’Abana. Ubwo Jenoside yari imaze guhagarikwa n’ingabo RPF Inkotanyi, Abatutsi biciwe ku musozi wa Kidashira bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kidashira. Mu rwego rwo gusigasira amateka ya Jenoside no guha icyubahiro Abatutsi bishwe, imibiri y’Abatutsi yari iruhukiye mu rwibutso rwa Kidashira yimuriwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwo ku rwego rw’Akarere rwa Gashirabwoba.

5.7.5 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rwa Shagasha

Mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha, Jenoside yatangiye ku wa 8 Mata 1994. Kuri iyo tariki Abatutsi begereye uruganda batangiye guterwa mu ngo. Kubera kutamenya umugambi wari uhari bamwe batangira guhungira mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha bibwira ko bahabona ubuhungiro. Ariko nta buhungiro bahawe kubera ko umuyobozi warwo Nsabimana Callixte yahise ahamagara abasirikare ngo babamukize, maze atanga imodoka babajyana i Mibirizi ari naho biciwe.433 Uretse abajyanywe i Mibirizi, hari abandi benshi biciwe mu ruganda no mu mirima y’icyayi, aho bagiye bavumburwa n’imbwa Interahamwe zifashishaga kugira ngo hatagira usigara mu mirima y’icyayi.434 Mu bakozi b’uruganda biciwe

432 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya UWANYIRIGIRA Marie Gorethe mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 1 Ugushyingo 2017.433 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NAMBAJIMANA Donati mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Ugushyingo 2017.434 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RURANGIRWA Léon mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 31 Ukwakira 2017.

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mu Ruganda rwa Shagasha harimo Bayingana Thacien wari umukarani, Béatrice, Birorimana François wari agronome, Buzizi Védaste, Cassien, Claudien, Damascène, Félix, Gahuranyi Damascène, Gasherebuka Canisius, Gratien, Higiro Epaphrodite, Iyamuremye Joseph, Juvénal, Kaganda Claude, Kalima, Kamuzinzi Casimir, Kanamugire Déo, Karamaga Symphorien, Kayihura Callixte, Kayihura Védaste, Kayitani, Kayitare Fabien, Majyambere Laurien, Mangera, Masabo, Muhorandi Phocus, Mujandarume Damascène, Mujyambere, Mukakarisa Mélanie, Munyengango Nicolas, Murenzi Janvier, Ngarambe Antoine, Nkaka Jean, Nkusi Eugène, Nsengimana Ildephonse, Nyamwasa Emmanuel, Nyangezi Callixte, Nzaramba Evariste, Nzeyingoro Révérien, Rutagarama Célestin, Rutayisire, Ruzindana Fidèle, Rwakayigamba Gérard, Rwamwaga Gustave, Semigabo Phocas, Serubyogo Evariste n’abandi. Abatutsi biciwe mu Ruganda rwa Shagasha bajugunywe mu byobo rusange byari mu Mabanda. Mu bagize uruhare mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rwa Shagasha harimo Nsabimana Callixte, Donat, Nzigihima, Rukimirana Charles, Bamenyayundi Léonard, Nkusi, Ntakiyimana Frodouard, Habyarimana Elizaphan wari Umucungamutungo, Mutwarabiri Vincent wo muri Nkungu wari Umucungamutungo, Célestin Rwagasore wakoraga kuri caisse, Karekezi wari Agronome, Sebukeye wari umujandarume nyuma aba umushoferi, Munyakazi bitaga Gihenera, Nzigihima waguye muri Gereza, Habimana Victor, Gratien n’abandi.

5.7.6 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku kibuga cya Gashirabwoba

Ikibuga cya Gashirabwoba giherereye mu mudugudu wa Ruhinga II, Akagari ka Rwamatamu, Umurenge wa Bushenge mu Karere ka Nyamasheke. Kuva ku wa 8 Mata 1994, ubwo ubwicanyi bwari bumaze gusakara mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma, Abatutsi baturutse mu misozi ikikije ikibuga cya Gashirabwoba batangiye guhungira ku kibuga cya Gashirabwoba bibwira ko ubuyobozi buza kuhabarindira. Kugera ku wa 11 Mata 1994, ku kibuga cya Gashirabwoba hari hamaze kugera Abatutsi barenga magana atanu (500).

Kubera ko kurindira umutekano Abatutsi bahungiye ku kibuga cya Gashirabwoba bitari muri gahunda z’ubuyobozi bwari

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bushishikajwe ahubwo no kubica, byatumye ku wa 11 Mata 1994 hagati ya saa saba na saa munani, Interahamwe ziturutse mu zahoze ari Segiteri Bumazi, Nyamuhunga na Gashirabwoba zitangira kubagabaho ibitero. Impunzi zibonye ko Interahamwe zishaka kuhabicira, zageragaje kwirwanaho zikoresheje amabuye n’intwaro gakondo, bahangana n’ibitero, babasha no kunesha, Interahamwe zisubirayo.435

Nyuma yo kunesha Interahamwe, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel na LT Imanishimwe Samuel baherekejwe n’abasirikare bageze i Gashirabwoba ku gicamunsi cyo ku wa 11 Mata 1994, hagati ya saa munani (14:00pm) na saa kumi (16:00pm) nyuma y’inama y’umutekano yari yabaye ku rwego rwa perefegitura. Bahageze Perefe Bagambiki yabajije impunzi icyo bari gukora aho, bamusubiza ko bahunze Interahamwe zirimo kubatwikira, kubica no kwigabiza ibyabo ku ngufu, kandi zikaba zikomeje no kubasanga aho bahungiye, i Gashirabwoba. Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yahise ababaza impamvu bo batabatwikira, bamusubiza ko bo nta bushobozi bafite. Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yahise ahamagara Simugomwa Côme wari uhaturiye, asanzwe ari n’umucuruzi hamwe n’undi mucuruzi bitaga Ephrem, ariko we nti yari yahungiye aho i Gashirabwoba. Simugomwa Côme amaze kwegera Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, Perefe yabwiye impunzi ko Simugomwa Côme akenewe na Busunyu Michel wari Perezida wa MRND muri Komini Karengera, kugira ngo baganire ku bijyanye n’ishyaka rya PL Simugomwa Côme yabarizwagamo. Mu gihe kitarenze iminota iri hagati ya 20 na 30, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, LT Imanishimwe Samuel na ba basirikare bahise bagenda, batwara Simugomwa Côme. Ahagana mu ma saa moya (19h:00), imodoka y’abasirikare yatwaye Simugomwa Côme yagarutse i Gashirabwoba, ihagarara mu kibuga, babwira impunzi ko Simugomwa Côme asigaye aganira na Busunyu Michel. Ibyo ariko byari ibinyoma kuko yahise yicwa, umurambo uboneka mu mugezi i Karengera, byemezwa n’imyenda yari yambaye ku wa 11 Mata 1994 ubwo yafatwaga. Nyuma yo kuvugana n’impunzi gato, abasirikare na bo bahise bikomereza, basiga impunzi zonyine.436

435 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINDABIMENYA Damascène mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 1 Ugushyingo 2017. 436 Urubanza ubushinjacyaha buregamo NTAGERURA André, BAGAMBIKI Emmanuel, IMANISHIMWE Samuel, Case No. ICTR-99-46-T, igika cya 415-419, urupapuro rwa 111-113

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Impunzi zakomeje kwiyongera ijoro ryose kuburyo kugera mu gitondo cyo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 hari hamaze kugera impunzi zirenga ibihumbi bitatu (3000). Kuri iyo tariki nibwo Interahamwe zabagabyeho igitero simusiga. Interahamwe ziturutse mu bice bikikije Gashirabwoba no mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha zabanje kugota impunzi zari mu kibuga cya Gashirabwoba. Interahamwe zirimo kwisuganya, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel na Nsabimana Callixte wayoboraga Uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha bahise bahagera, bavugana nazo. Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yabeshye impunzi ko agiye kubazanira abasirikare bo kubarinda. Nyuma y’igihe kitarenze isaha, abarinzi b’Uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha n’abasirikare nabo bari barangije kugota ikibuga cya Gashirabwoba. Abatutsi bari bahungiye aho i Gashirabwoba babonye ko bamaze kugotwa impande zose, bazamuye amaboko basaba imbabazi. Ibyo ariko nta cyo byahinduye ku mugambi wari wateguwe, kubera ko abasirikare bahise babaminjamo amasasu, babateramo n’amagerenade mu gihe kigera ngo ku minota mirongo itatu yose. Abasirikare bamaze kwica benshi bashoboka, bahaye umwanya Interahamwe, zinjirana impunzi mu kibuga cya Gashirabwoba, abagihumeka zibicisha intwaro gakondo, Interahamwe zimaze kubamara zigabanya imitungo yabo, zirataha.437

Interahamwe zishe Abatutsi ku kibuga cya Gashirabwoba zafatanyije n’impunzi z’Abarundi zari mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi. Izo mpunzi zari zarahunze imvururu zabaye mu Burundi mu 1993, nyuma y’urupfu rwa Perezida Ndadaye.438 Abatutsi biciwe ku kibuga cya Gashirabwoba no mu nkengero zaho bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Gashirabwoba, ahahoze ikibuga cya Gashirabwoba, bakunda kwita kwa Kosima.

Mu rwego rwo kubungabuhamya amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, i Gashirabwoba hubatswe urwibutso rwo ku rwego rw’Akarere ka Nyamasheke rugizwe n’ibice bitandukanye birimo ahashyingurwa imibiri, ahari amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bo mu mirenge ya Shangi, Bushenge na Nyabitekeri yo mu Karere ka Nyamasheke n’uwa Giheke mu Karere ka Rusiziri. Urwibutso rwa Gashirabwoba

437 Urubanza ubushinjacyaha buregamo NTAGERURA André, BAGAMBIKI Emmanuel, IMANISHIMWE Samuel, Case No. ICTR-99-46-T, igika cya 437, urupapuro rwa 118.438 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NYANGEZI Théophile mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2017.

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rwashyinguwemo ku mugaragaro ku wa 26 Gicurasi 2019, rushyingurwamo imibiri 13,577 yari isanzwe ishyunguye i Gashirabwoba, imibiri 1,039 yimuwe mu rwibutso rwa Giheke, imibiri 675 yimuwe mu rwibutso rwa Muyange, imibiri 268 yimuwe mu rwibutso rwa Kidashira n’imibiri 70 yakuwe mu ngo mu Murenge wa Bushenge. Yose hamwe iba 15,629.439 Urwibutso rwa Gashirabwoba rurimo kandi isomero rizashyirwamo ibitabo n’inyandiko bitandukanye bivuga ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Gashirabwoba

5.8 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo

Komini Gafunzo yakomokagamo Superefe Munyangabe Théodore wagize uruhare rutaziguye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Superefe Munyangabe Théodore afatanyije na Burugumesitiri Karorero Charles hamwe na Burigadiye wa Komini Gafunzo Sekanyambo Phillippe bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa umugambi wo kurimbura Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo. Komini Gafunzo yakomokagamo kandi Interahamwe zikomeye ziyobowe na Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA

439 Kwibuka ku Nshuro ya 26 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi i Gashirabwoba, Bushenge, Nyamasheke, 25 Gicurasi 2019

Urwibutso rwo ku rwego rw’Akarere ka Nyamasheke rwa Gashirabwoba, rwubatse mu Murenge wa Bushenge.

(Ifoto yafashwe na Nikuze Donatien, ku wa 01 Ugushyingo 2017)

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wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Segiteri Bugeza, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nyabitekeri. Interahamwe za Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA zitabajwe n’ubuyobozi bwa Komini begeranye ya Kagano ubwo zajyaga kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano. Ashimirwa akazi yakoze ko kuba yishe Abatutsi benshi kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kagano Kamana Aloys yahembye Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA MOTO yari isanzwe ari iya Nganizi na we bari bishe.440 Ibyo bikagaragaza neza ko kwica Abatutsi wari umukoro w’ubuyobozi kandi bugomba gukora ibishoboka byose ugashyirwa mu bikorwa.

5.8.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo

Mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo, Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Shangi no mu nkengero zayo. Muri Segiteri Shangi, Abatutsi biciwe muri Serire Kabaga, muri Segiteri Nyamugari Abatutsi biciwe muri Serire Kigarama, muri Segiteri Gabiro Abatutsi biciwe muri Serire Gabiro. Abatutsi biciwe kandi mu Kigo Nderabuzima cya Muyange, bicirwa kuri Segiteri Mukoma no ku rusengero rw’Abadiventisite rwa Mukoma. Abatutsi biciwe kandi aho bari batuye mu ngo zabo ndetse no mu ngo z’abaturanyi. By’umwihariko umubare munini w’Abatutsi wiciwe kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Shangi, ku kigo Nderabuzima cya Muyange, kuri Segiteri Mukoma no ku rusengero rw’Abadiventisite b’umunsi wa Karindwi rwa Mukoma.

5.8.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Shangi

Paruwasi Gatolika ya Shangi iherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo, ubu ni mu murenge wa Shangi, Akagari ka Shangi, Akarere ka Nyamashehe. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yari itangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, Abatutsi bo muri Komini Gafunzo na bamwe mu bo muri Komini Gisuma bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi bizeyeko baharokokera.

440 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAGIRISHYA JMV mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2017.

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Hari kandi Abatutsi bahungiye kuri Komini Gafunzo ari ko Burigadiye wa Komini Gafunzo Sekanyambo Philipe ategeka ko bahava, bagasanga abandi kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi.441

Impunzi z’Abatutsi zigeze kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi zakiriwe n’Ababikira na Padiri Mukuru Shyirakera Callixte, babafasha kubona amazi n’ibyo kurya. Ku wa 13 Mata 1994, Mizirikano Modetse yaciye itiyo yajyanaga amazi kuri Paruwasi, bituma impunzi ziyabura, maze batangira gutungwa no kunyunyuza imitumba y’insina (insina imwe yaguraga amafaranga 100) n’ibitsinsi by’amateke byabaga byarimbuwe n’Interahamwe kugira ngo Abatutsi batihishamo. Interahamwe zaciye amatiyo y’amazi kugira ngo impunzi nizicwa n’umwuma zisohoke hanze zigiye gushaka amazi, maze Interahamwe zibone uko zibica.442

Interahamwe zimaze kubona ko kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi hamaze kugera Abatutsi benshi, zatangiye kubagabaho ibitero. Kuva ku wa 12 kugera ku wa 30 Mata 1994 kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi hagabwe ibitero bitandukanye byahitanye buri gihe Abatutsi bari bahahungiye. Rugikubira, impunzi z’Abatutsi zagabweho ibitero n’Interahamwe zikikije Paruwasi ya Shangi, ariko impunzi zigerageza kwirwanaho.443

Amakuru y’umutekano muke i Shangi yageze kuri Musenyeri Ntihinyurwa Thaddée maze asaba inzego bireba abajandarume bo kurinda impunzi. Nibwo ku wa 13 Mata 1994 Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yoherejeyo abajandarume bane (4). Kuboneka kwabo bajandarume nta cyo byahinduye ariko, kubera ko bamaze kuhagera ubwicanyi bwakomeje.

Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku wa 14 -16 Mata 1994

Ku wa 14 Mata 1994, Abatutsi bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi bagabweho igitero n’Interahamwe zo muri Nyabitekeri ziyobowe na Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA nk’uko Mukeshimana Gaspard abisobanura:

Interahamwe zabanje kunyura kuri Komini gusaba Burigadiye Sekanyambo imbunda. Bavuye kuri

441 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYITARAMA Epimaque mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 2017.442 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTACYIYIMANA Abraham mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 1 Ugushyingo 2017.443 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAMPOGO Constance mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 2017.

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Komini bajya i Shangi. Bari bafite uburakari bwinshi, maze bahageze barasa impunzi, batera amagerenade, bibashiranye barataha. N’ubwo impunzi zagerageje kwirwanaho, byabaye iby’ubusa kubera ko Interahamwe zishe abatutsi benshi zikoresheje amasasu n’amagerenade.444 Uwo munsi i Shangi hishwe Abatutsi barenga ijana (100).445

Nyuma y’icyo gitero cya Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA, impunzi zakomeje kugabwaho ibitero n’Interahamwe ziyobowe na Vénant, buri gihe bakirwanaho, ari ko Interahamwe zikagenda hari abo zishe.

Ku wa 15 Mata 1994 Interahamwe ziturutse muri Komini Gafunzo no mu nkengero zayo, muri Komini Karengera na Gisuma zongeye kugaba igitero ku mpunzi nk’uko bisobanurwa na Ntacyiyimana Abraham:

Haje igitero kiyobowe na Seburikoko Callixte, ahageze abaza ba bajandarume icyo bari gukora aho, bavuga ko barinze impunzi. N’umujinya mwinshi yabwiye abajandarume ko gahunda Leta ifite ari iyo kwica Abatutsi bose bagashira, maze Inyenzi aho ziri hose zikabyumva zigasubira i Bugande. Tumaze kubyumva twahungiye mu ruzitiro rw’ababikira twurira igiti cya sipure turi 4 noneho abandi 3 kurira birabananira. Interahamwe zahise zuzura aho, maze sinzi uko batubonye mu giti baba bamanuyemo uwitwaga Tombora na Nsabimana babateragura amacumu, bagiye kumanura uwa 3 witwa Sengarambe Innocent avuga ko we atari Umututsi, ahita abajugunyira indangamuntu ababwira ko we yaje aho kubera ko afite umugore w’Umututsikazi, baramubwira ngo gahunda bafite ni ukwica Abatutsi bagashira, bamubaza niba nta wundi bari kumwe arabahakanira aratsemba, arababwira ngo nibaze barebe nibamubona babe ariwe bica (Sengarambe). Uwo munsi nawo hishwe Abatutsi benshi.446

444 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKESHIMANA Gaspard mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 2017.445 African Rigts, John Yusufu Munyakazi, Un génocidaire devenue refugié, 6 juin 1997, p.42446 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NKUBITO Emmanuel mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 1 Ugushyingo 2017.

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Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 16 Mata 1994 Interahamwe zongeye kugaruka kuri Paruwsi ya Shangi. Muri rusange, icyari kibashishikaje cyane kwari ugusahura mu bapadiri. Interahamwe zimaze gufata ibyo zishaka zaratashye, haba igisa n’agahenge kamaze icyumweru kirenga. Muri iyo minsi ariko hapfuye Abatutsi benshi bishwe n’inzara ndetse n’ibikomere.447

Bimaze kugararaga ko Abatutsi bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi badahwema guhangana n’Interahamwe, ubuyobozi bwahimbye ikinyoma cyo kubakuramo ab’ingenzi cyane cyane abize, babatwara babashinja ibyaha byo kuba bafite imbunda ndetse ko hari n’ibindi byaha basize bakoze aho baturutse. Ibyo byashyizwe mu bikorwa na Superefe Munyangabe Théodore ku wa 27 Mata 1994.

Itariki ya 27 Mata 1994: Superefe Munyangabe Théodore yatoranyije mu mpunzi zari i Shangi abagabo bajya gufungirwa i Cyangugu

Ku wa 27 Mata 1994, ahagana mu ma saa cyenda, Superefe Munyangabe Théodore yagiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ari kumwe na Barigira Félicien, Padiri Mategeko Aimé, Bipfubusa Marachias, Bimenyimana Jean bitaga Gakuru, Malakiya, Nsanzurwimo, Mutabazi, Konseye Rutaburingoga Aloys n’abandi. Superefe ageze i Shangi yabanje gukorana inama n’Interahamwe ahitwa kwa Rwagataraka. Hamwe n’abayobozi ba Komini Gafunzo bakoze urutonde rw’Abatutsi 42 bigaragara ko ari bo bafite ingufu n’ibitekerezo, ko ari bo bahumurizaga impunzi bazishyira ku murongo mu kurwanya ibitero bagabwagaho umunsi ku wundi. Ibyo ariko byari amayeri yo kubaca intege kugira ngo abasigaye bazicwe n’Interahamwe mu buryo bworoshye. Nyuma y’iyo nama, Superefe n’abamuherekeje bagiye ku Kiriziya i Shangi ahari hateraniye impunzi. Bageze ku Kiriziya, bahamagaye impunzi z’Abatutsi bari i Shangi babakoresha igisa n’inama. Superefe Munyangabe Théodore yababwiye ko hari abantu bakekwaho icyaha cyo kuba bafite imbunda kandi ko basize bakoze ibyaha aho baturutse, bityo ko agiye kubashyikiriza Parike kugira ngo bakurikiranwe maze abasigaye babashe kugira agahenge, kubera ko ari bo bari gutuma Interahamwe zibagabaho ibitero.

447 African Rigts, John Yusufu Munyakazi, Un génocidaire devenue refugié, 6 juin 1997, p.42

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Ni bwo yababwiye ko uwo baza guhamagara, uri kuri lisiti bafite, agomba guhita yinjira mu modoka. Padiri Mategeko Aimé yahise asoma amazina y’abari kuri lisiti, uvuzwe izina agahita yinjizwa mu modoka. Muri uwo mugambi bapakiye mu modoka abagabo 42 barimo Kayitarama Epimaque wari Assistant Burugumesitiri, Sekinanira Tharcisse, Kamatari Daniel, Ntagwabira, Ntagozera, Bacibungo François, Nkurunziza Jean Pierre, Rwigara Samuel n’abandi.448 Bamaze gupakirwa mu modoka, bajyanywe i Cyangugu baherekejwe n’umujandarume kugira ngo hatagira ucika. Bageze mu Bushenge bahise bica uwitwa Rwigara Samuel, abandi barabakomezanya babajyana kuri jandarumori i Cyangugu.449 Bageze kuri Burigade ya Cyangugu abasirikare babicaje hasi, barabakubita bikomeye, nyuma babajyana muri Stade Kamarampaka, aho na none abenshi bashimuswe, baricwa.450 Superefe Munyangabe Théodore amaze kujyana abo bantu, impunzi zasigaye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi ntizahwemye kugabwaho ibitero n’Interahamwe kugera ku wa 29 Mata ubwo interahamwe za Munyakazi Yusufu zabagabyeho igitero cyishe Abatutsi batabarika mu mwanya muto.

Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku wa 29 Mata 1994

Kuva ku wa 12 Mata 1994, Interahamwe n’abaturage begereye Paruwasi ya Shangi bagabye ibitero bitandukanye ku mpunzi, ariko Abatutsi bakagaragaza ingufu mu kwirwanaho no kurwanya ibitero. Byageze aho Interahamwe n’abaturage bo muri ako gace babona ko bonyine batazashobora kwica Abatutsi bari kuri paruwasi ya Shangi, maze bashaka abandi bantu bo kubafasha. Ni muri urwo rwego, ubwo yari mu nama y’umutekano muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Gatamobwa Etienne wari umuyobozi wa CDR i Shangi, yasabye ko babaha abantu bo kubafasha, maze abategetsi basezeranya Gatamobwa ko bazabamwoherereza.451

448 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYITARAMA Epimaque mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 2017.449 Superefe MUNYANGABE Théodore, Ikiza ry’urubanza ry’Urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Cyangugu, Urugereko rwihariye ryo ku wa 6 Werurwe 1997.450 Inyandiko z’inkiko Gacaca, inyandiko y’urubanza rwa MUNYENGABE Théodore, Padiri MATEGEKO Aimé na BIMENYIMANA Jean alias Gakuru, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gihundwe ruri i Shangi mu Murenge wa Shangi 451 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo MUNYAKAZI Yusufu, Urubanza No ICTR-97-36A-T, Igika cya 336, urupapuro rwa 116, Arusha, 2011.

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Nk’uko byari byasabwe na Gatamobwa Etienne, ku wa 29 Mata 1994 hagati ya saa cyenda na saa kumi z’amanywa, Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama zirangajwe imbere n’umuyobozi wazo Yusufu Munyakazi zagabye igitero simusiga kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Interahamwe zari zitwaje imbunda n’amasasu, amagerenade n’intwaro gakondo (Impiri zikwikiyemo imisumari, inkota n’amacumu, imipanga n’ibindi). Izo Nterahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi zigeze muri Centre ya Bushenge, hafi ya Paruwasi ya Shangi, imodoka zavuye aho hantu zigenda gahoro cyane, maze abaturage bo muri ako gace babarirwa hagati ya 150 na 200 bazigenda inyuma bagiye kwifatanya nazo. Bageze ku irimbi rya Rwagataraka, Munyakazi yabategetse kwambara ibintu bituma umuntu abatandukanya n’Abatutsi, maze bamwe bambara ubusa mu gatuza abandi bambara ibyatsi mu mutwe.452

Interahamwe zigeze i Shangi ku gicamunsi, zasanze hari impunzi z’Abatutsi zigera ku bihumbi birenga bine (4000). Zimwe zari hanze ya Kiriziya, izindi mu gipadiri, izindi ziri mu Kiriziya imbere. Impunzi zikimara kubona izo Nterahamwe, abenshi bahise birukira mu Kiriziya barafunga. Interahamwe na zo zahise zigota Kiriziya, maze barasa inzugi za Kiliziya kugira ngo binjire. Abari mu bitero bamaze kumena inzugi Munyakazi ni we warashe isasu rya mbere nk’ikimenyetso cyo gutangiza ubwicanyi. Amaze kurasa, Interahamwe zatangiye gutera amagerenade no kurasa amasasu mu mpunzi zari mu Kiriziya. Amasasu na gerenade bimaze kwica Abatutsi batabarika, Interahamwe zinjiye mu Kiriziya maze zikoresheje intwaro gakondo zihorahoza abari bagihumeka. Kubera ko mu modoka zazanye Interahamwe za Munyakazi Yusufu harimo intwaro, umuntu wese mu bagabye igitero washakaga intwaro yajyaga kuyifata muri izo modoka.453

Impunzi zasigaye hanze ya Kiriziya n’abari mu mazu y’Abapadiri na zo zahise zicwa. Nta bwihisho bwari buhari kubera ubwinshi bw’Interahamwe zari zitabiriye igitero. Igitero cyakomeje kwica kugera ijoro riguye kuburyo cyahitanye Abatutsi benshi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi. Igitero kirangiye, Gatamobwa Etienne yavuganye na Munyakazi, atanga amafaranga yo

452 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo MUNYAKAZI Yusufu, Urubanza No ICTR-97-36A-T, Igika cya 337- 338, urupapuro rwa 116), Arusha 2011. 453 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo MUNYAKAZI Yusufu, Urubanza No ICTR-97-36A-T, Arusha, 2011

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kwakira abagabye igitero.454 Nyuma y’ubwicanyi, Interahamwe zasubiye mu Bugarama, zihageze zijya kurya kwa Rukiya wari umugore wa Munyakazi.455

Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku wa 30 Mata 1994

Nyuma y’ubwicanyi bukomeye bwakozwe n’Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi ku wa 29 Mata 1994, ku munsi wakurikiyeho ku wa 30 Mata 1994 Interahamwe zabyukiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi zijyanywe no kwica abasigaye ndetse no gukuraho imirambo yari inyanyagiye mu kibuga no mu Kiriziya. Interahamwe zihageze zabonye umwobo munini wari hafi ya Kiliziya, maze kugira ngo Abatutsi bose batari bashiramo umwuka abe ariho bicirwa Interahamwe zibabeshya ko zigiye kubajyana kuri Croix Rouge. Abari barokotse babyakiriye neza kubera ko mu Rwanda byari bimenyerewe ko Croix Rouge ishinzwe ubutabazi, maze bose bahita basindagira, abafite ibikomere bagenda bavirirana bibwira ko barokotse. Baragiye, Interahamwe ziberekeza kuri cya cyobo456, bahageze babashyira ku murongo barabica nk’uko bisobanurwa na Kampogo Constance:

Ku wa 30 Mata ni bwo bakuye imirambo aho yari inyanyagiye, bayijyana mu cyobo cyiswe kuri Croix rouge. N’abatapfuye bose bafite ibikomere ni ho bagiye kutwicira batubeshya ko batujyanye kuri Croix rouge. Twagiye twijyanye tuziko bagiye kudukiza koko, tuhageze ariko dusanga barimo gutemagura umuntu ku wundi bajugunya muri icyo cyobo. Icyobo kigiye kuzura ni bwo babonye abantu bakiri benshi noneho bica abagabo n’abana b’abahungu gusa. Ubwo ariko bahise batangira gucukura ikindi cyobo, hashize akanya gato imvura igwa ari nyinshi cyane ituma bajya kugama. Kubera iyo mvura, Interahamwe zahise zigendera, zitaha zivuga ko n’ubundi abasigaye inzara izabica, bati nibasubire mu Kiliziya inzara izahabatsinda. Inkomere zimaze kugera mu Kiriziya

454 ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo MUNYAKAZI Yusufu, Urubanza No ICTR-97-36A-T, Igika cya 342, urupapuro rwa 118. 455 ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo MUNYAKAZI Yusufu, Urubanza No ICTR-97-36A-T, Igika cya 71-72, urupapuro rwa 27.456 Icyobo kizwi ku izina rya Croix Rouge i Shangi cyari gisanzwe kimenwamo imyanda yakurwaga mu misarane y’Abanyeshuri.

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umubikira bitaga Mameya Madélène yadushakiye imiti, uwitwa Mukambaraga Marie akajya atuvura.457

Kubera ko kandi wari umunsi w’isoko, abaturage benshi bahanyura berekeza mu isoko mu Bushenge, Abajendarume n’Interahamwe bategetse abo baturage gukuraho imirambo yari inyanyagiye hirya no hino, bakajya kuyijugunya mu bihuru. Abenshi muribo bafashije Interahamwe kwica ababaga bagihumeka. Abagabo n’abana b’abahungu bose barishwe, harokoka abagore bake bagera ngo kuri makumyabiri na batanu (25). Interahamwe zavugaga ko zizabagira abagore.458

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi imaze guhagarikwa n’ingabo za RPF-Inkotanyi, wa mwobo wahise umenyekana ku izina rya Croix Rouge kubera amateka mabi yawuranze. Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi no mu nkengero zaho bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Shangi.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Shangi

457 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAMPOGO Constance mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 2017.458 African Rigts, John Yusufu Munyakazi, Un génocidaire devenue refugié, 6 juin 1997, p.47

Urwibutso rwa Shangi ruri i ruhande rwa Kiliziya Gatolika ya Shangi, rushyinguyemo Abatutsi biciwe mu Kiliziya no mu nkengero zayo.


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5.8.3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Kigo Nderabuzima cya Muyange

Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa hirya no hino muri Cyangugu, Abatutsi bo muri Ntango, Kigabiro, Muyange na Kinunga ho muri Nyabitekeri bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Muyange iherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo, ubu ni Murenge wa Nyabitekeri, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Kubera ko kuri Paruwasi hari hato, abapadiri bahisemo kubashyira mu Kigo Nderabuzima cya Muyange. Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Muyange Kabanda Fabien afatanyije na Mugenzi we Padiri Pièrre bakoze ibishoboka byose mu kwita ku mpunzi babashakira ibyo kurya.459

Interahamwe zimaze kumenya ko Abatutsi bahungiye mu Kigo Nderabuzima cya Muyange no kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Muyange, zanogeje umugambi wo kuhabicira. Ni bwo ku gicamunsi cyo ku wa 10 Mata 1994 Interahamwe ziyobowe na Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA zisuganyije maze mu ijoro ryo ku ya 10 rishyira iya 11 Mata mu 1994 zibagabaho igitero. Kubera ko impunzi zari zigifite agatege zatangiye zirwanaho zikoresheje amabuye. Ibyo ariko nta cyo byatanze kubera ko Interahamwe zabarushije imbaraga, zirabinjirana, zirara zibica ijoro ryose ku buryo bwakeye ku wa 11 Mata 1994 Interahamwe zimaze kwica Abatutsi barenga 500. Nyuma yo kwicwa, imirambo ya bo yajugunywe mu cyobo kinini cyari mu Kigo Nderabuzima cya Muyange.460

Ubwo Jenoside yari imaze guhagarikwa n’ingabo za RPF Inkotanyi, Abatutsi biciwe mu Kigo Nderabuzima cya Muyange bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Muyange. Mu rwego rwo gusigasira amateka ya Jenoside no guha icyubahiro Abatutsi bishwe, imibiri y’Abatutsi yari iruhukiye mu rwibutso rwa Muyange yimuriwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwo ku rwego rw’Akarere rwa Gashirabwoba.

459 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya TUYISENGE Valérie alias NYIRAZUBA mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 2017.460 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya TUYISENGE Valérie alias NYIRAZUBA mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 14Ugushyingo 2017.

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5.8.4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Segiteri Mukoma

Ku wa 12 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zo muri Nyabitekeri ziyobowe na Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA zateye Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Segiteri ya Mukoma nk’uko bisobanurwa na Nzirirane Pascal:

Ku wa 11 Mata 1994 twari twaraye irondo noneho abayobozi batubwira ko ku wa 12 Mata 1994 hari inama y’umutekano kuri Segiteri. Iyo nama yitabiriwe n’abantu bose, ariko Abatutsi bayijemo bahise bicwa. Muri iyo nama uwitwa Sibomana Silas na Gashinyaguro bafashe ijambo batandukanya Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Bavuze ko Abatutsi bajya ukwabo n’Abahutu ukwabo maze bishakemo ababacungira umutekano. Kubera ko Abatutsi bari bake babinjije muri salle ya Segiteri Mukoma hanyuma hanze hasigara Abahutu gusa. Abatutsi bamaze kwinjira muri salle, Sibomana yahise abakingirana. Abasigaye hanze bahise bakora inama yo kubica irimo Interahamwe nyinshi zirimo Habyarimana Anicet wari waravuye mu gisirikare, Sibomana Silas wari umucuruzi n’abandi bari bafite gerenade. Bamaze kunoza umugambi, Habyarimana Anicet yafashe gerenade ayitera muri ba Batutsi bari muri salle ariko irapfuba. Imaze gupfuba, gerenade ya kabiri yatewe na Théodore, Abatutsi bose bari muri salle irabasanza, abenshi bahita bapfa. Abatarahise bavamo umwuka Interahamwe zahise zibinjirana, zibicisha intwaro gakondo. Nyuma yo kubatemagurira muri Salle ya Segiteri Mukoma, imirambo yabo bayishyize mu cyobo cyari hafi aho kuri Segiteri.461

5.8.5 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi ku rusengero rw’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi rwa Mukoma

Nyuma yo kwica Abatutsi kuri Segiteri Mukoma, abagabo batitabiriye inama yo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 yavuzwe haruguru, hamwe n’abagore n’abana, bahungiye ku rusengero rw’Abadiventisiti b’umunsi wa Karindwi rwa Mukoma. Kubera ko

461 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZIRIRANE Pascal alias Kanyabashi mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 14Ugushyingo 2017.

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abahunze bahunganye n’inka zabo, Interahamwe zabagabyeho igitero zishaka kubica no kubanyaga izo nka. Uwo munsi impunzi zagerageje kwirwanaho, Interahamwe ziraneshwa zirataha. Interahamwe zibonye ko impunzi zifite ingufu, zagiye kwisuganya. Ni bwo ku wa 13 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zo muri Nyabitekeri ziyobowe na Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA zabagabyeho igitero simusiga, maze zibicisha amagerenade zirabamara.462Abatutsi biciwe kuri Segiteri Mukoma no ku rusengero rw’Abadivantisiti b’Umunsi wa Karindwi rwa Mukoma bashyinguwe mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Mukoma.

5.8.6 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Kinunga i Nyabitekeri

Ku wa 15 Mata 1994, nyuma yo kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku Muyange n’i Mukoma, abatwa bo muri Kinunga bishe Abatutsi 27 bari bahungiye kwa Patrice Kwibuka. Bimaze kumenyekana ko abo Batutsi bahari, Kayoboke Donati wari resiponsabule wa Serire afatanyije na Uzabakiriho Théophile, Rugirangogo Emmanuel, Maso Vincent n’abandi bamenyesheje Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA ko hari Abatutsi bari kwa Patrice Kwibuka, kandi ko bahamaze iminsi 7 yose. Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA yategetse ko bajya guhuruza abatwa bo muri Kinunga barimo Buduwe, Bomboka, Géorge, Mugarura n’abandi, babizeza ko baza guhembwa nyuma yo kubica. Abatwa baremeye koko, baraza barabatwara, bajya kubicira i Buhokoro, nyuma babajugunya mu musarane wo kwa Mukeshimana Célestin.463

Mu rwego rwo guha icyubahiro Abatutsi biciwe mu Kigo Nderabuzima cya Muyange, babakuye mu cyobo bari babajugunyemo, babashyingura mu cyubahiro mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Muyange. Muri urwo rwibutso hashyinguwemo kandi Abatutsi bagera kuri 27 biciwe i Buhokoro, bajugunywa mu musarane wo kwa Mukeshimana Célestin.

462 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZIRIRANE Pascal alias Kanyabashi mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 2017.463 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya TUYISENGE Valérie alias NYIRAZUBA mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 14 Ugushyingo 2017.

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5.8.7 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Segiteri Mugera

Mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mugera, ubu ni Murenge wa Shangi, hari umuryango w’Abatamu wari umuryango mugari w’Abatutsi. Ni umuryango ukomeye wagerageje kwirwanaho uhangana n’Interahamwe. Konseye wa Segiteri Mugera Nsanzurwimo Etienne amaze kubona ko Interahamwe zituranye na bo zabananiye, yatumije inama y’abaturage bose, ababwira ku mugaragaro ko umuryango w’Abatamu wananiranye. Nk’umuntu wari warabaye umusirikare yabwiye abaturage ati: “iyo mu gisirikari kunesha umwanzi byananiranaga twahitaga tubaturuka hejuru tukabamanukaho, ati namwe rero nimugende mubamanukane!” Interahamwe zahise zigenda,babahera hejuru barabica barabamara. Ako gace kabarurwamo Abatutsi barenga 350 bahiciwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bamwe bajugunywa mu byobo ari bazima, abandi baratwikwa. Imibiri yashoboye kuboneka ishyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Shangi.464

5.9. Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano

Komini Kagano yari yubatsemo ibiro bya Superefegitura ya Rwesero. Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kagano Kamana Aloys yakoranaga mu buryo bwa hafi na Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Rwesero Terebura Gérard mu gutegura no gushyirwa mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Kuva mu gihe cy’amashyaka menshi, MDR yari ifite abarwanashyaka n’ingufu nyinshi muri Komini Kagano, kandi ryari ishyaka ritavuga rumwe na MRND yari ku butegetsi. N’ubwo ritavugaga rumwe na MRND, abarwanashyaka bayo bishyize hamwe ubwo Jenoside yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, ibyari amashyaka biteshwa agaciro, Interahamwe za MRND, Impuzamugambi za CDR n’Inkuba za MDR zihurira mu mugambi wo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

5.9.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, muri Kagano i Nyamasheke Interahamwe zahise zica Segatarama

464 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTWARABASHI Athanase mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 2017.

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Gaston wari Umucamanza n’abandi.465 Mu rwego rwo kwegeranya Abatutsi, kuva ku wa 7 Mata 1994 imodoka ya Komini Kagano hamwe n’indi bari bambuye Mutarutinya Célestin wari Umututsi zazengurutse Komini yose n’indangururamajwi bavuga ko Umututsi wese asabwe guhungira kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke. Ibyo ariko si urukundo cyangwa umugambi wo kubarindira umutekano nk’uko byavugwagaga, ahubwo bwari uburyo bwo kugira ngo Abatutsi bose begerane, maze kubica bizorohe, bizakorwe vuba kandi nta we ucitse. Kandi ni ko byagenze koko kubera ko Abatutsi bamaze kugwira kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, Interahamwe zamaze hafi icyumweru cyose zibyuka zijya kubica kugera zibamaze. Kubera ubugome Interahamwe zari zifite, zagiye kwica Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke zimenagura n’amashusho ya YEZU na BIKIRA MARIYA bavuga ko na bo ari Abatutsi, ko basa na bo. Ndorimana asobanura ko «Ishusho ya Yezu yari mu Kiriziya i Nyamasheke bayitemye amaguru, iya Bikira Mariya yari ku Kabeza nayo bayitema izuru».466

Uretse kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke, Abatutsi biciwe kandi muri Segiteri Nyakabingo. Nk’uko byagarutsweho mu rubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Bayingana Anastase, Munyempara Evariste na bagenzi be, ku cyumweru tariki ya 10 Mata 1994, Konseye Munyempara wa Segiteri Nyakabingo ari kumwe na Kabera wari Burigadiye wa Komini bagiye gushishikariza ubwicanyi muri Nyakabingo. Bagezeyo basanze abantu banywa inzoga, Munyempara abaza impamvu biyicariye aho guhashya umwanzi, na ho Kabera ababwira ko nibatica bariya Batutsi ari bo bazabica. Konseye Munyempara yahise ategeka ko bafunga utubari kugira ngo bajye guhiga Abatutsi bahereye kuri Kayitana Gaëtan. Yahise kandi ahamagaraga Diyonizi bita Mapeti na Shinga na Bavugarushya Tabita abaha imipanga ine yakuye mu modoka ya Komini barimo itwawe na Kabera. Imipanga yakiriwe na Niyonteze maze abantu benshi bahita bagaba igitero cyahitanye Abatutsi benshi muri Nyakabingo barimo umugore wa Alexandre witwa Alodiya, umugore wa Kayitana n’umwana we n’abandi.467

465 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAGIRISHYA JMV mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2017.466 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Ndorimana Jean, Kigali, 2019467 Urukiko rw’Ikirenga, Urubanza n° RPAA 0049/Gén/05/CS - RPAA0050/Gén/05/CS- RPAA 0051/Gén/05/CS- RPAA 0052/Gén/05/CSRPAA 0053/Gén/05/CS - RPAA 0054/Gén/05/CS; urupapuro rwa 6, Kigali, ku wa 9/6/2006

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Abatutsi biciwe kandi mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Gisakura, ku Kabeza kuri Superefegitura ya Rwesero, ku rusengero rwa ADEPR rwa Mugohe no muri Byahi. Abatutsi biciwe no muri Segiteri Kagarama, inzu zabo Interahamwe zirazitwikwa. Abatutsi biciwe na none aho bari batuye mu ngo zabo ndetse no mu ngo z’abaturanyi.

5.9.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Gisakura

Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Gisakura rwatangiye kuwa 9 Mata 1994. Igitero cyaje mu ruganda ku manywa mu ma saa cyenda kiyobowe na Superefe Terebura Gerard ari kumwe na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kagano Kamana Aloys, Konseye wa Segiteri Gisakura n’abajandarume maze begeranya abakozi b’Abatutsi bari batuye mu ruganda n’abandi bari bahahungiye babapakira mu modoka y’uruganda abandi bagenda mu modoka ya superefe, babajyana kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ari na ho baguye. Muhimakazi Primitive asobanura ko Mubiligi Anatole wari umuyobozi w’uruganda abonye ko ubwicanyi bukomeye, ntawamenye aho yahise ahungira, yongeye kwigaragaza Abatutsi bo muri Gisakura bamaze kwicwa.468

Muhimakazi Primitive akomeza asobanura ko bukeye ku wa 10 Mata 1994, abicanyi bagarutse gushaka abari bihishe, babicira mu Kigo Nderabuzima cya Gisakura n’aho bakunze kwita kuri Moulain. Abandi bagiye bicirwa hirya no hino mu mirima y’icyayi. Mu bishwe harimo: Bucyana Jean, Gapyisi Viateur, Gasamunyiga, Gashumba Naasson, Gatari, Gatera Evariste, Habineza Albert, Kabera Jean Baptiste, Kamenyero Elias, Kanonika Amnadabu n’abana be 5, Karima Claude, Karasira Théodor, Kigingi Eugène, Malayika, Mugayuhore Innocent, Mukaboneza Drocelle n’abana be 2, Mukagahenda Noella n’abana be 3, Mukamunana Josephine n’abana be 3, Mukarepubulika Jacqueline, Musoni, Muvunyi Eugene, Nabeza Thereza n’abana 2, Ndori Eulade, Nemeyukuri Emmanuel, Niyibizi Nicolas, Nkeragutabara Bernard, Ntaganzwa Alexandre, Pierre wari umushoferi, Twagirayezu Albert, Ugiruwabo Pierre, Uringaniye Eurelien, Uwariraye Pierre n’abandi.

468 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUHIMAKAZI Primitive mu Karere ka Nyamasheke, Ugushyingo 2017.

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Hari kandi Abatutsi b’i Buvungira muri Bushekeri nabo biciwe ku ruganda rwa Gisakura ku wa 17 Mata 1994.

Abatutsi biciwe mu Gisakura bajugunywe mu cyobo rusange cyari kuri Moulin no mu cyobo cyari ku Kigo Nderabuzima cya Gisakura, abandi bahambwa hirya no hino mu mirima y’icyayi. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi imaze guhagarikwa, hari abimuwe bajya gushyingurwa mu cyubahiro mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorwe Abatutsi rwa Nyamasheke, abandi bashyingurwa mu rwibutso rwa Gisakura.469

Mu bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rwa Gisakura harimo Ngumire Didace wari mu bakozi baturutse ku Mulindi mu 1993, Ngiruwonsanga François alias Kerekere wari umukanishi, Mbasharugamba Emmanuel, Nkurunziza Vénuste, Mbarushimana n’abandi.470

Nyuma y’iminsi 12, kuva ku wa 9 kugera ku wa 21 Mata 1994, mu gihe Abatutsi bakoreraga mu Ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Gisakura bari bamaze kwicwa, Mubiligi Anatole wari umuyobozi w’uruganda yagarutse mu kazi, uruganda rusubukura imirimo nk’ibisanzwe. Bongeye guhagarika imirimo Abafaransa bari muri Opération Turquoise bagiye muri Kanama 1994, ari ko bongera gutangira mu Ukwakira 1994. Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Mubiligi Anatole yakomeje kuyobora Uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Gisakura.

5.9.3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Superefegitura ya Rwesero

Superefegitura ya Rwesero yari iherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Kagano, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Kagano, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa muri Komini Kagano, Abatutsi benshi bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke no kuri Superefegitura ya Rwesero. Bose ari ko nta mahoro bagiriye aho baketse ko bashobora kurokokera kubera ko Interahamwe zahabasanze zirabica.

469 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya USEKANABO KAZIGABA Cyprien mu Karere ka Nyamasheke, Ugushyingo 2017.470 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAYIBARIRE Cyprien mu Karere ka Nyamasheke, Ugushyingo 2018

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Abatutsi bahungiye kuri Superefegitura ya Rwesero bishwe ku wa 13 Mata 1994, bicwa n’Interahamwe zabasanze mu kibuga aho bari bateraniye kuri Superefegitura. Bishwe n’igitero cyari kigizwe n’Interahamwe nyinshi zo muri Butambara. Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca zigaragaza ko icyo gitero cyari kiyobowe na Superefe Terebura Gérard wakomokaga muri Komini Nshili ku Gikongoro, Karonkano Ladani wari usanzwe ari umwarimu, Védaste wari usanzwe ari Maneko, Claude wakoraga akazi k’iperereza, Rosalie wakoraga ku Iposita, Buranga Merchias wari Konseye, Rwarahoze Thaddée wari umucuruzi, Rutikanga Aloys wari umucuruzi, Ushizimpumu Albert wari umucungamutungo n’abandi. Icyo gitero cyarimo kandi abajandarume n’abapolisi.

Abatutsi biciwe kuri Superefegitura ya Rwesero bajugumywe mu byobo byari kuri Superefegitura ya Rwesero byari ahantu hari haracukuwe ubutaka bwo gukuramo icyondo, no mu musarani mushya wa Superefegitura wagombaga gusimbura uwari ushaje. Mu bahajugunywemo harimo umugore wa Gafuku witwaga Marisiyana, Anaclet mwene Muhakwa, Karayenga, Alexis mwene Karege, Rukeribuga mwene Karege, Shikama mwene Karege, Sibomana Jean, Twagiramungu Emmanuel, Karonkano, Runyonyori, Callixte, Nsegiyumva Jean, Musabyemariya Athanasie, Nyirahabimana Josephine, Rwakayonza Joseph, Sekibuno Vincent, Rwabudadari Gérard, Uzamukunda Marie Claire, Siragua Sixbert, Gahutu Etienne, Manirafasha Thomas n’abandi. Gushyira imirambo y’Abatutsi mu byobo no mu musarani byahagarariwe na Kamana Aloys wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kagano, Kabera wari Burigadiye wa Komini, Mugemangango mwene Kanani Félicien hamwe na Rujukundi Albert mwene Nzogera.471

5.9.4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke

Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 7 Mata 1994, Jenoside yatangiye hicwa Segatarama Gaston wari Umucamanza, aturanye n’ibiro bya Komini Kagano. Nyuma yo kumva ko Segatarama yishwe, Abatutsi bafashe umwanzuro wo guhungira kuri Paruwasi ya

471 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagali ka Rwesero, Umurenge wa Butambara, Akarere ka NYAMASHEKE.

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Nyamasheke, bakeka ko bashobora kuharokokera. Kubera ko impunzi ziyongeraga umunota ku wundi, zateraniye mu kigo cya Groupe Scolaire Saint Joseph, kwa Padiri, no mu Kiliziya. Interahamwe zimaze kumenya ko Abatutsi bamaze kuzura kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, ku wa 11 Mata 1994 zahise zica amatiyo ajyana amazi mu Kigo cy’Abafurere no mu ba bapadiri. Guca amazi byatumye umwuma utangira kwica impunzi kubera kubura icyo kunywa. Nyuma yo guca impompo z’amazi, Interahamwe zateguye umugambi wo kujya kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi.


Ku wa 13 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zo muri Kagano zagabye igitero ku Batutsi bari kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke. Icyo gitero ariko nta bantu cyishe kubera ko Abatutsi birwanyeho bafatanyije n’abajandarume bari barabahaye bo kubarinda. Mu nterahamwe zari zabateye, ba bajandarume barashemo bane, barapfa, bene wabo bahita babatwara. Interahamwe zibonye ko bikomeye zahise zisubirayo, maze zamamaza ikinyoma ko padiri Rugirangoga Ubald ari we ushyigikiye impunzi, ndetse ko Abatutsi padiri Rugirangoga Ubald acumbikiye bafite imbunda. Kubera uburakari Interahamwe zatewe na ba bantu babo bapfuye, bahise bahamagara Perefe Bangambiki Emmanuel bamubwira uko bimeze.472

Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yahise aza ari kumwe na Musenyeri wa Diyosezi ya Cyangugu Ntihinyurwa Thaddée, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kagano Kamana Aloys, abakuru b’amashyaka n’abajandarume, bajya kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke gukora “enquête” y’uburyo ba bantu barashwe n’ababishe. Abaturage basobanura ko ari abajandarume babarashe. Muri uwo mwanya ariko abaturage bateye hejuru, basakuza cyane bavuga ko ari Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald uri kubabuza umutekano. Kubera ko Padiri Ubald yashyizwe mu majwi cyane, Musenyeri yahise afata umwanzuro wo kuhamukura, amusaba kwitegura bakagenda. Padiri yarabyumvise abura icyo akora kubera ko yari azi neza ko Abatutsi bahungiye aho bahita bicwa, ariko abwira Musenyeri

472 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NGIRINGOGA Sylver mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 2017.

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ko “yasezeranye kumvira, ati ariko aba bantu baraha, amaraso yabo muzayabazwa”. Padiri amaze kwegeranya utuntu twe, yahise ajya mu modoka n’umubikira umwe baragenda. Impunzi zibonye Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald agiye, zahise zicwa n’agahinda kubera ko zabonye ko noneho Interahamwe zibonye umwanya wo kubica batagira kirengera.473

Hagati aho Perefe yafashe ijambo, abwira impunzi ko bava aho bakajya iwabo. Yagize ati “mwebwe nimuve aha mugende, mutahe nta kibazo muzagira”. Na bo baramubwira bati “Nyakubahwa Perefe, ko uri kuvuga ngo nituve aha tugende kandi amazu yacu yarahiye, amatungo yacu barayariye, turava hano tujye kuba he?” Perefe ati “jyewe ni icyo nababwiraga gusa niba mudashaka nimugume aho”. Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel na Komanda wa jandarumori Munyarugerero Vincent bahise bafata ba bajandarume bashinjwa kurasa ba bantu barabatwara, babasimbuza abandi.474

Abayobozi bazanye na Musenyeri bose bamaze kugenda, ndetse na Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald, Musenyeri yabwiye impunzi ko we agumana na bo, ati: “ubwo ikizababa ho nanjye ni cyo kizambaho”. Musenyeri yagumye i Nyamasheke hamwe na Padiri Gasana Sébastien na Padiri Ntamabyariro Appolinnaire, bagerageza kumva ibyifuzo by’Abatutsi bahahungiye bifuza amasakaramentu ya Batisimu no gushyingirwa, maze bizezwa ko byose bikorwa mu gitambo cya Misa kibera mu Kiriziya mu gitondo ku wa 14 Mata 1994.

I Nyamasheke habaga kandi Abafureri bo mu muryango w’Abayozefiti. Bamaze kumenya ko Musenyeri yaje, bahise bamusanganira, bamusaba kubimura akabajyana i Cyangugu. Kubera umutekano muke Musenyeri yabonye i Nyamasheke, yahise yemera icyifuzo cyabo, afata umwanzuro wo kubajyana uretse Fureri Ladisilas Sinigenga wari Diregiteri w’Ishuri Nderabarezi (Ecole Normale Primaire) ry’i Nyamasheke wahisemo gusigarana n’abanyeshuri b’impunzi yari yarakiriye bakomoka mu bice byari byarafashwe na FPR-Inkotanyi bitaga «les déplacés de guerre », babana mu Kigo. N’ubwo yagize umutima w’urukundo

473 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAGIRISHYA JMV mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2017474 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAGIRISHYA JMV mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2017.

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n’impuhwe, akemera gusigarana n’abo banyeshuri, abicanyi bo ntibazimugiriye kubera ko ku wa 17 Mata 1994 bahise bamwica, bamuta mu musarane.475

Ubuhamya bwa Padiri Ntamabyariro Appolinaire ku iyicwa ry’Abafurere batatu bo mu muryango w’Abayozefite ku wa 14 Mata 1994

Mu gitondo cyo ku wa 14 Mata 1994, Padiri Ntamabyariro Appolinaire yabyutse atura igitambo cya Misa, atanga Isakaramentu rya Batisimu, abandi barakomezwa, ababanaga nk’umugore n’umugabo badashyingiwe abaha isakaramentu ryo gushyingirwa. Mu gihe Padiri Ntamabyariro Appolinaire yarimo atura Igitambo cya Misa, Musenyeri yaherekejwe na Padiri Gasana ajya gusezera ababikira: les Soeurs de Saint François mu Mataba. Muri icyo gitondo kandi, Padiri Kayinamura Epaphrodite wari Econome Diocésain yahagurutse kuri Katedarali i Cyangugu ajya kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke gutwara Musenyeri wari waharaye. Padiri Laurent Ntimugura na we yafashe imodoka Peugeot camionnette 405 ashyiramo ibiribwa ajyanira impunzi zari kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke. Padiri Kayinamura Epaphrodite yageze kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke Misa ya mu gitondo ihumuje maze Musenyeri na Padiri Rushita Augustin bajya mu modoka yagombaga kubasubiza kuri Katedarali i Cyangugu. Padiri Laurent Ntimugura yafashe Padiri Ntamabyariro Appollinaire hamwe na Bahizi Félicien na Nambaje Evariste bari aba Séminalistes, n’Abafurere bo mu muryango w’Abayozefiti: Fureri Murangwa Guillaume wigishaga muri Ecole Normale Primaire i Nyamasheke, Fureri Musonera Anaclet wari économe i Nyamasheke, Fureri Rutagengwa Jean Baptiste wigaga i Nyamasheke na Fureri Majyambere. Padiri Kayinamura Epaphrodite yakije imodoka yari itwaye Musenyeri akurikirwa na Padiri Ntimugura Laurent. Ariko urugendo ntirwababereye ruhire kubera ko bageze i Mutusa aho bita ku Kinini, urenze gato ku Rwesero, Interahamwe zari kuri bariyeri mu muhanda zirabahagarika. Bakimara

475 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Ndorimana Jean, Kigali, 2019.

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guhagarara, Interahamwe zahise zitera icumu Fureri Musonera Anaclet, rimwahuranya imbavu. Musenyeri abonye ibibaye yahise asohoka mu modoka vuba vuba, asaba Interahamwe imbabazi, azisobanurira ko abo bari kumwe ari abapadiri n’Abafurere be ajyanye i Cyangugu. Imwe mu Nterahamwe zari aho yahise imusubiza nabi cyane, imanika ishoka ngo iyimukubite mu mutwe, isakuza cyane ko bavuze ko na we ari icyitso cya FPR. Interahamwe zahise zisohora abari mu modoka bose, batandukanya Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Fureri Murangwa Guillaume ashatse guhungira kuri Musenyeri Interahamwe zahise zimutemagurira mu maso ye. Musenyeri yahise yicwa n’agahinda, amarira azenga mu maso, maze asubira mu modoka. Fureri Rutagengwa Jean Baptiste na we bakimara kumukura mu modoka bahise bamutsinda aho. Interahamwe zimaze kwica abo zishaka no gusahura ibyari mu modoka, Padiri Kayinamura Epaphrodite yahagurukije imodoka, anyura iruhande rwa bariyeri aragenda, padiri Ntimugura Laurent aramukurikira. Imirambo ya Fureri Murangwa Guillaume, Fureri Musonera Anaclet na Fureri Rutagengwa Jean Baptiste isigara aho mu muhanda.476

Abiyahimana bamaze kuva kuri Paruwasi i Nyamasheke, Interahamwe zabonye ko igihe kigeze cyo kwica Abatutsi bahahungiye ntakibakoma mu nkokora. Ni bwo zahise zikorera inama mu Kibuga imbere ya Paruwasi, inama yanogeje umugambi w’uburyo bagomba kwica Abatutsi bari aho kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke.477

Kubera ko kuri Paruwasi hari hamaze kugera Abatutsi benshi cyane barimo n’Abarokotse kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika, abavuye mu Kirambo, Karengera n’ahandi, Interahamwe zafashe umwanzuro wo kwitabaza Interahamwe kabuhariwe zo mu Gafunzo i Nyabitekeri zari ziyobowe na Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA. Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys yahise yohereza Murego Léon wari umukozi wa Komini na Ngirinshuti Alexis kujya kureba Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA. Babonanye na PIMA bamubwiye ko bamushakira kuza

476 Ubuhamya bwa Padiri NTAMABYARIRO Apollinaire, in Jean Ndorimana, 2003, urupapuro rwa 209-211 477 Ikiganiro umushakashatsi yagiranye n’umutangabuhamya NGIRINGOGA Sylver mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 2017.

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kubafasha kwica Abatutsi bari kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, ariko ntiyahita abemerera, ababwira ko yaza ariko abonye urwandiko rw’Ubuyobozi. Ati “nibampa ibaruwa ubwo nzaza, kandi bakambwira icyo bazampa”. Abari bagiye kumureba bahise bagaruka, babwira burugumesitiri ko kuza abyemera, ariko ko yaza ari uko bamwandikiye, bakagaragaza n’icyo bazamuhemba. Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys yahise amwandi-kira, amwemerera ko mu byo azahembwa harimo amafaranga na moto.478 Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA yahise akusanya Interahamwe ze, zitegura kujya kwica Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke ku wa 15 Mata 1994. Igitero cyo ku wa 15 Mata 1994 cyarimbuye Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke

Ku wa 15 Mata 1994, igitero simusiga cyagabwe kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke kiyobowe na Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA, Sewabeza Jean Pierre wari Perezida wa CDR ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Superefe Terebura Gérard, Kamana Aloys wari Burugumestri wa Komini Kagano, Kabera Gaston wari Burigadiye wa Komini Kagano, abapolisi, Murwanashyaka wayoboraga CDR mu rwego rwa komini, Hitimana Antoine wari Perezida wa MDR muri Komini Kagano, Runigamugabo Anatole wari umucuruzi, Kalisa Sylvère wari umushoferi wa komini, Rurangangabo Pascal wari Perezida wa MRND muri Komini Kagano, Rwagakiga wari Komanda wa Jandarumori, Ngwabije Innocent wari Konseye wa Segiteri Nyamasheke, Murwanashyaka wari Mwarimu, Ndayambaje Emmanuel wari Assistant Burugumesitiri, Kabera Elias wari agent recenseur n’Interahamwe nyinshi.479

Igitero cyageze kuri Paruwasi hagati ya saa tatu (9:00 am) na saa ine (10:00am). Interahamwe zaje zifite urusaku rw’ingoma n’amafirimbi. Impunzi zumvise ko abagabye igitero bahageze, zafunze imiryango ya Kiliziya zikoresheje intebe. Ariko hashize iminota nka 20, Interahamwe zamennye imiryango ya Kiliziya zinjirana impunzi, maze zirabica kugera mu ma saa munani y’amanywa. Interahamwe zabanje gukoresha gerenade

478 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NGIRINGOGA Sylver mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 2017.479 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAGIRISHYA JMV mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2017.

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n’imbunda, nyuma bakoresha intwaro gakondo. Uburiyemuye Epimaque alias PIMA arangije kwica nk’uko yari yabisabwe n’abayobozi ba Komini Kagano, yahawe ibihembo yari yasezeranyijwe birimo amafaranga ibihumbi Magana abiri (200,000frws) na MOTO yari isanzwe ari iya Nganizi Ledemptus mwene Sembwa Canisius. Nganizi yari yamaze kwicwa kubera ko na we yari Umututsi.480

Itariki ya 16-17-18 Mata 1994: Kwica Abatutsi barokotse

Kubera ko ku wa 15 Mata 1994 Interahamwe zishe Abatutsi ariko zigataha zitabamaze kubera ko bari benshi cyane, ku 16 Mata 1994 Interahamwe zikikije Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke zabyutse zigaruka kwica, ugihumeka wese ziramusonga. Ariko na bwo ntibabarangiza, bakomeza kwica ku wa 17, ku wa 18 Mata bashakisha abihishe mu bisenge no mu ntumbi, zirabica zirabamara.481

Gushyingura abishwe ku wa 19 Mata 1994

Ku itariki ya 19 Mata 1994, Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys yahamagaje abaturage bose, abashimira akazi bakoze ati ariko n’ubwo mwishe na mwe mushobora gupfa. Ati murabona ko hano hatangiye kunuka! Ndabasaba ko mugomba gucukura imyobo mugashyiramo aba bantu. Kubera ko hari hasanzwe imyobo minini cyane n’imisarane yari miremire cyane, burugumesitiri yababwiye ko ahatari ibyobo bacukura indi, ariko aba bantu bave hano. Abaturage bahise bamusubiza bati rero nyakubahwa aba bantu ntidushobora kubahamba utaduhembye. Arababwira ati nimubikore, ubuyobozi bwa Komine burabaha ibihumbi magana atatu (300.000). Ubwo bafashe imirambo bagenda bashyira mu byobo byose biri impande n’impande, abandi babajugunya mu misarane y’ibigo by’amashuri yari ihari.482

Nyuma yo kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, no kubajugunya mu byobo, ubuyobozi bwakomeje

480 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NSENGIMANA Fabien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 2017.481 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAGIRISHYA JMV mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2017.482 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NGABONZIZA Magisimirien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 2017.

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kujya bukoresha inama, busaba Abatutsi bihishe kwihishura, bababeshya ko ubwicanyi bwahagaze. Hifashishijwe ayo mayeri hishwe na none Abatutsi benshi, kuko uwigaragaje wese yahitaga yicwa.

Mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Nyakanga 1994, Interahamwe zimaze guhungira muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo no ku Ijwi, zakomeje kujya zigaruka zikica uwarokotse byamenyekanye aho yihishe. Muri icyo gihe na bwo hishwe Abatutsi benshi hirya no hino mu giturage. Ubwicanyi bwahagaze ari uko abasirikare ba FPR-Inkotanyi bageze i Cyangugu mu mpera za Kanama 1994 nyuma yo kugenda kw’abasirikare b’Abafaransa bari muri Opération Turqouise.483

Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke n’abiciwe hirya no hino muri Komini Kagano bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Nyamasheke.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Nyamasheke

483 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NSENGIMANA Fabien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 2017.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Nyamasheke ruri i ruhande rwa Kiliziya Gatolika, Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, mu Mudugudu wa Gikuyu,

Akagari ka Ninzi mu Murenge wa Kagano.(Ifoto yafashwe na Nikuze Donatien, ku wa 15 Ugushyingo 2017)

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5.10 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kirambo

Mu yahoze ari Komini Kirambo, Abatutsi biciwe kuri Komini Kirambo, mu bitaro bya Kibogora, mu rusengero rwa ADEPR Tyazo n’ahandi. Abatutsi biciwe kandi muri Bisumo, Gakenke, ku Gasaza, mu i Banda no mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Abatutsi biciwe na none ku Ruheru, Mayebe, ku ishuri ry’Abadivantisti b’umunsi wa Karindwi rya Mutumbu, mu Gisunyu, ku Rwumba, Gahisi. Abatutsi biciwe kandi aho bari batuye mu ngo zabo ndetse no mu ngo z’abaturanyi. 5.10.1. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Komini Kirambo

Mu gihe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yari itangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, Abatutsi bari batuye muri Kigarama, Tyazo, Gitongo, Kanjongo na Ruheru bahungiye kuri Komini Kirambo bizeye ko bahabonera umutekano kubera ko ari ku buyobozi. Siko byagenze ariko kubera ko ku wa 13 Mata 1994 Interahamwe ziyobowe na Makwaruza Etienne wari umu résèrviste, Ngezahayo Eslon na Karamaga Emmanuel, zahise zihabasanga zirabica. 484

Abatutsi babashije kurokoka igitero cy’interahamwe cyo ku wa 13 Mata 1994 cyagabwe kuri komini, Interahamwe zahise ziberegeranya, zijya kubicira ku mugezi wa Karundura. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Safari Alexis, “Interahamwe zimaze kubegeranya, zabanje kubabarura no kubandika kugira ngo hatagira ubura, maze babapakira imodoka ya Komini bajya kubicira ahiswe kuri Croix Rouge ku kibuga cy’umupira iruhande rw’umugezi wa Karundura. Nyuma yo kubica, imirambo bayijugunye mu mugezi rwa Karundura, amazi ayijyana mu Kiyaga cya Kivu”.485

Mu bari bayoboye igitero cyishe Abatutsi bajugunywe mu mugezi wa Karundura bakuwe kuri Komini Kirambo harimo Makwaruza Etienne, Ngezahayo Eslon wabanje kuba umwarimu nyuma aba umushoferi ndetse aba n’umujyanama ukomeye wa Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias kuko nta kintu yakoraga

484 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZASABAYESU Enock mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017.485 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SAFARI Alexis mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017.

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atamugishije inama, Karamaga Emmanuel wari murumuna wa Ngezahayo, Kanyandekwe Bernabe n’abandi.486, 487

5.10.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu bitaro bya Kibogora

Komini Kirambo ni imwe mu makomini ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu byavugwaga ko ifite umubare munini w’Abatutsi b’abanyabwenge. Muri iyo Komini, cyane cyane mu gace ka Kibogora, hari amashuri, ibitaro n’ibindi byatumaga abantu bahashaka akazi barimo n’Abatutsi. Ibyo byatumye Burugumesitiri ahora abikangamo abashobora kuba abayobozi igihe Inkotanyi zafata igihugu maze bituma yibasira Abatutsi baho, baratotezwa, bakorerwa ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi kuva mu 1990 kugera mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. Uretse kuri Komini Kirambo, Abatutsi biciwe kandi ku bitaro bya Kibogora no mu nkengero zabyo. Ku wa 11 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zigabije ibitaro bya Kibogora, zihageze zica abaganga, abarwayi n’abarwaza. Mu gihe Interahamwe zicaga Abatutsi mu bitaro bya Kibogora, Ngezahayo Eslon na Kivunjira batanze itangazo ko bashakira ahantu hose ndetse no mu tubati kugira ngo hatagira ubacika.488

Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Nyiransabimana Juliette waroko-keye mu Bitaro bya Kibogora aho yari amaze imyaka 4 akora, Abatutsi bakoraga mu bitaro bya Kibogora batangiye gutotezwa no gukorerwa urugomo kuva mu 1990 ubwo FPR-Inkotanyi yatangizaga urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu, ku buryo Jenoside yageze n’ubusanzwe baramaze kwiheba. Yagize ati:

Twatotejwe kuva kera. Twakorewe ubugome ndenga-kamere, tubukorerwa n’abo twitagaho buri munsi tubavura, nyamara twe ntibatugirira imbabazi ngo bite no kuri ubwo bugwaneza twabagiriraga, kugera aho bishe abaganga bagera kuri 15 bose, gusa bajyaga kwica umuntu asa n’uwapfuye kare, ariko ku bw’amahirwe bamwe twararokotse, turiho.489

486 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SAFARI Alexis mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017.487 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HAKIBA Jonathan mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017.488 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAGORORA Jacques mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017.489 Ubuhamya bwa NYIRANSABIMANA Juliette, Nyamasheke, 2017.

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Uretse igitero cyo ku wa 11 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zasubiye kwica ku bitaro bya Kibogora ku wa 14 Mata no ku wa 17 Mata 1994. Ibitero byishe Abatutsi ku bitaro bya Kibogora byari biyobowe muri rusange na Ngezahayo Eslon na Karamaga Emmanuel.490 Abatutsi biciwe mu bitaro bya Kibogora no mu nkengero zaho bashyinguwe mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kibogora.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Kibogora

5.10.3. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri ADEPR Paruwasi ya Tyazo

Mu gihe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Abatutsi benshi bo mu i Tyazo no mu nkengero za ho batahungiye kuri Komini Kirambo no ku bitaro bya Kibogora, bahungiye kuri ADEPR Paruwasi ya Tyazo. Abatutsi bahahungiye ariko nta mahirwe yo kurokoka bahagiriye. Interahamwe zimaze kumenya ko hamaze kugera Abatutsi benshi, zahise zinoza umugambi wo kujya kubica. Ni bwo ku wa 15 Mata 1994, nyuma

490 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZASABAYESU Enock mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside rwa Kibogora ruherereye mu Murenge wa Kanjongo Ifoto yafashwe muri Mata 2019.

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yo kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Komini Kirambo (11 Mata 1994), no mu bitaro bya Kibogora (11, 14 Mata 1994), interahamwe zikusanyije maze ziyobowe na Karamaga Emanuel, zijya kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri ADEPR Paruwasi ya Tyazo.491

Mu rwego rwo guha agaciro Abatutsi b’itorero rya ADEPR bishwe muri Jenoside, barimo abo imirambo yabonetse ikaba ishyinguwe mu cyubahiro n’abo imirambo ya bo itaraboneka kugira ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro, hubatswe kuri ADEPR Paruwasi ya Tyazo urukuta ruriho amazina 1006 (kugera muri 2018) y’Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi nk’ikimenyetso cy’amateka yayo. Uwo mubare ugizwe n’abari abashumba 2, ababapasiteri 10, abavugabutumwa 7, abadiyakoni 46, abaririmbyi 103 n’abandi bakirisitu 838.

Kubera ko Tyazo iri mu bice byegereye ikiyaga cya Kivu, hari Abatutsi benshi batarabonerwa imibiri ngo bashyingurwe mu cyubahiro. Ibyo bigatera ihungabana rikomeye abarokotse nk’uko bisobanurwa na Pasitori Masabo Etienne:

491 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZASABAYESU Enock mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 21 Ugushyingo 2017.

Urukuta ruriho amazina 1006 y’Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bari Abayoboke b’Itorero ya ADEPR, Paruwasi ya Tyazo.


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Kugeza ubu simbasha kubona ibitotsi kubera kubura umubiri w’umugore wanjye n’iy’abana banjye 8 ngo nyishyingure mu cyubahiro, kuko abo mbajije bose nkeka ko bazi iby’urupfu rwabo bambwira ko uwatabye abana banjye bose mu cyobo kimwe yaguye mu buhungiro ariko ntibanyereke icyo cyobo. Gusa ariko nibura kubona amazina ya bo hariya nanjye nkazajya mbibuka bingabanyiriza umubabaro n’ubwo bitawumara.492

5.10.4. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Murenge wa Rangiro

Mu Murenge wa Rangiro ubwicanyi bwatangiye mu buryo bweruye mu ijoro ryo ku cyumweru tariki ya 10 Mata 1994 ubwo Mudangari Jéremie yicirwaga iwe mu rugo. Umwana wa Mudangari Jéremie Nyirantibaziyaremye Génema asobanura uko umubyeyi we yishwe, nyuma ubwicanyi buhita bukwira mu murenge wose :

Ku wa 10 Mata 1994, ni bwo bishe papa Mudangari Jéremie. Bamwishe ari nijoro, yicwa n’igitero cyarimo Nyandwi Ignace wari waravuye mu gisirikare, Nsekeyukunze Jean Pierre, Ndamyumugabe Jean de Dieu, Nyaminani, Siméon n’abandi benshi. Ubwo twe (abana) twahise duhungira inyuma y’akabati, Imana iraduhisha ntibatubona. Mama we baramufashe bamutemagura mu mutwe ariko kubw’amahirwe ntiyapfa, kandi aza no kurokoka. Bamaze kwica papa inzu yacu bahise bayisamburaho amabati, inzu y’amategura twagiraga yo bayijya hejuru barayamenaguye. Bukeye mu gitondo twasanze papa yapfuye, bamuciye n’ubugabo. Interahamwe zimaze kwica papa, zakajije umurego zijya guhiga uwitwa Umututsi wese, uwo zibonye zikica. Nyuma yo kwica papa zahise zijya kwica Mahigiro André nawe wavukanaga na papa zimwicana n’umwana we witwaga Ngerageza Thimothé. Bukeye ku wa 11 Mata 1994, hishwe Ngimbano bamwicana n’umwana we witwa Simon. Bishe kandi Ndazengeye, Nyirabanguka Saverina bamwicira ku mugezi muri Nyirakesha n’abandi. Bigeze ku wa 14 Mata 1994 bishe

492 Ubuhamya bwa Pasitori MASABO Etienne, Nyamasheke, 2018

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basaza banjye Ntirenganya Gérard na Iyatwese Fidèle. Interahamwe zabavumbuye aho bari barahungiye, zirabafata, babanza kubaboha amaboko, babazengurukana ahantu hose bagenda babashinyagurira, nyuma babicira ku gasozi ka Kabavu. Bishwe na Feza, Nsekeyukunze Jean Pierre, Ndamyumugabe Jean de Dieu n’abandi. Muri iyo minsi hari kandi abantu 5 biciye mu kagari ka Banda, bavuye mu Bweyeye bahunga. Hari n’abana 3 ba Pasteur Ngwije wo ku Ruheru bahungiye kwa Pasteur Nigena Simon yanga kubakira nyuma Interahamwe zirabafata zibicira mu Nyagisenyi.493

5.10.5 Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Murenge wa Cyato

Mu murenge wa Cyato, ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bwabereye cyane cyane mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rwumba yari isanzwe ifite Abatutsi benshi batuye ku musozi wa Rukungu. Abatutsi bo ku Rukunku bishwe urw’agashinyaguro, batwikiwe mu nzu ya Karekezi Alfred nk’uko Hakizimana Fabien abisobanura:

Muri Cyato hari agasozi kitwa ku Rukungu kari gatuweho n’Abatutsi benshi. Abatutsi bari bahatuye bishwe nabi, babatwikiye mu nzu barashya barakongoka. Ubwo Jenoside yatangiraga gushyirwa mu bikorwa, Abatutsi bari batuye aho ku musozi wa Rukungu bagiye guteranira ku mashuri ya Rwaramba, bari kumwe n’inka zabo, bakeka ko Interahamwe niziza babaha inka zikabareka. Interahamwe zihageze zakoze inama, zemeza ko zitarya inka ba nyirazo bari kureba. Ibyo byatumye zibakusanyiriza mu nzu ya nyakatsi ya Karekezi Alfred wari umwarimu wigisha gatigisimu, zirakinga, maze zizana umuriro zirakongeza, bahira mu nzu. Inzu yamaze hafi ibyumweru bibiri byose abantu bashya, kugera babaye umuyonga. Mu bahiriye muri iyo nzu harimo Mukamusoni, Rudahunga, Rukemwampunzi Venerand, Mukandori, Nyirabuka,

493 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NYIRANTIBAZIYAREMYE Genema mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 18 Ugushyingo 2017.

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Uwantege, Tuyizere Samson, Kagina, Jeanne d’Arc, Baranyeretse, Higiro Boniface, Bihoyiki n’abandi.494

Mu bamamaye mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Rwumba harimo Rwamacaki Sabagirirwa, Nkirimana Thomas, Ntahondereye, Karimunda, Ntawuyirushya, Ndagijimana, Bizimana, Kwitonda, Ndabarishye, Gakwerere, Nsekanabanga, Nyabushegeshi, Semanonku, Muhini, Matongo, Gatwa yaguye mu bitero by’abacengezi, Ndengera n’abandi.

Abatutsi biciwe kandi ku mugezi wa Karundura barimo Munyendamutsa wo ku Ruheru muri Kanjongo wiciwe ku kiraro cyo ku cyato, bamujugunya mu mugezi wa Karundura. Yishwe n’Interahamwe zirimo Mugemangabo, Zigirumugabe, Sinzabakira n’abandi.

N’ubwo hari Abatutsi batwikiwe mu nzu, abandi bakajugunywa mu migezi ku buryo imibiri ya bo itashoboye kuboneka ngo ishyingurwe, Abatutsi biciwe mu Murenge wa Rangiro na Cyato babashije kuboneka bashyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu Rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Yove mu Murenge wa Cyato.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Yove

494 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HAKIZIMANA Fabien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ugushyingo 2017.

Urwibutso rwa Yove ruri i ruhande rw’Umurenge wa Cyato, rushyinguyemo Abatutsi biciwe mu Murenge wa Cyato na Rangiro.

Ifoto yafashwe muri Mata 2018.

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5.11 Ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare

Komini Gatare izwiho kuba yari ifite Abarwanashyaka bakomeye ba MDR, ishyaka ritavugaga rumwe na MRND yari ku butegetsi. N’ubwo ariko ayo mashyaka yari ahanganye, urubyiruko rwa MDR (Inkuba) rwiyunze n’Interahamwe za MRND n’Impuzamugambi za CDR mu gihe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, maze bose bahurira ku mugambi wo kwica Abatutsi.

5.11.1. Ishusho rusange y’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare

Mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare, Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika, bicirwa Kamena i Gitwe na Giti, Ruzibira i Rushyarara, muri Segiteri Cyiya, Mugomba na Rugano. Abatutsi biciwe kandi aho bari batuye mu ngo zabo ndetse no mu ngo z’abaturanyi. Komini Gatare yagize kandi umubare munini w’Abatutsi biciwe ku musozi wa Kizenga, mu yahoze ari Komini Rwamatamu, Perefegitura ya Kibuye, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Mahembe, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku musozi wa Kizenga barimo Hategekimana Innocent, Mwarimu Ukobizaba Albert bakomokaga muri Segiteri Cyiya n’abandi bishwe n’Interahamwe za Munyakazi Yusufu zavuye mu Bugarama.495 By’umwihariko umubare munini w’Abatutsi muri Komini Gatare wiciwe kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Hanika.

Mazimpaka Innocent wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Segiteri Cyimpundu, Komini Gatare, wakoreraga i Kigali muri SNV, akaba mukuru wa Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gatare Rugwizangoga Fabien, niwe watangije ubwicanyi muri Gatare. Mazimpaka Innocent yamamaye mu gushishikariza abaturage kwitabira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Gatare na Rwamatamu ku Kibuye cyane cyane mu iyicwa ryakorewe Abatutsi ku musozi wa Kizenga. Ubwo yavaga i Kigali ku wa 9 Mata 1994, yageze iwabo mu Gatare akwiza ibihuha ko Abatutsi bamaze Abahutu, ariko ko ahandi barimo kwirwanaho bica Abatutsi, avuga ko atiyumvisha impamvu Abahutu bo mu Gatare bo bigize ba ntibindeba. Nibwo yabwiye abaturage ko i Kigali

495 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIWEMUTESI Ruth mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 22 Ugushyingo 2017.

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ho bishe na Minisitiri Nzamurambaho Landouard, Minisitiri Nzamurambaho Fréderic n’abandi.496 Mazimpaka Innocent yahise atangira kumvisha murumuna we Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien ko agomba kwica Abatutsi, kubera ko yasanze kugera kuwa 9 Mata 1994 Burugumesitiri yari yanze ko hagira ubwicanyi bubera muri komini ye. Ku cyumweru tariki ya 10 Mata 1994, Mazimpaka Innocent yahuje Abahutu bajijutse bo mu Gatare, biganjemo cyane cyane Abarimu, abumvisha ko Abatutsi bagomba gupfa. Mu bari muri iyo nama harimo Rujukundi Elizaphan, Hitiyaremye, Bashyitsi Diogène, Niyitegeka Lazard n’abandi. Muri iyo nama, yabumvishije ko bagomba kugira uruhare rufatika mu kwica Abatutsi muri Komini Gatare.497

Kuri icyo cyumweru, tariki ya 10 Mata 1994, Mazimpaka Innocent yagiye mu ga Centre i Hanika, akwiza ibihuha ko we ubwe yiboneye Abatutsi bo muri Muraza bafite ibisongo byo kwicisha Abahutu, abumvisha ko Abahutu bagomba kubatanga, bakabica mbere. Nk’umuntu wari ujijutse kandi ari mukuru wa Burugumesitiri, ubutumwa bwe bwarumvikanye cyane, guhangana kwari hagati y’Abarwanashyaka ba MDR na MRND guteshwa agaciro, insoresore za MDR na MRND zihita yiyunga, zitangira guhiga no kwica Abatutsi. Kuva ubwo abaturage benshi bahise bitabira Jenoside bayobowe na Mazimpaka Innocent afatanyije na Mukuru we Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien.498

Superefe Terebura Gérard, Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien na mukuru we Mazimpaka Innocent alias Nette cyangwa Ruteruzi bari mu b’ibanze bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare. Mu bamamaye mu bwicanyi harimo kandi Nsengiyumva Justin wo muri Karambi, wari Umwarimu mu mashuri y’i Ngange, ni we watwaraga lisiti y’abagomba kwicwa, akagenda areba abasigaye bataricwa. Hari kandi Ayabagabo Emmanuel wari Encadreur kuri Komini ariko akomoka muri Ngangi, Nsabimana Jean alias Busuguri wagendaga yitwaje ishoka yicishaga n’abandi.

496 African Rights, Des preuves contres Innocent Mazimpaka, Troisieme Edition, Mai 1996, p.6497 African Rights, Des preuves contres Innocent Mazimpaka, Troisieme Edition, Mai 1996, p.10498 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTIRUSEKANWA Donatien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2017.

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5.11.2. Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Hanika

Paruwasi ya Hanika iherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Macuba, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiraga gushyirwa mu bikorwa, Abatutsi ba Komini Gatare bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Hanika, bakirwa na Padiri Mukuru Mategeko Aimé. Kugera ku wa Gatandatu tariki ya 9 Mata 1994 Abatutsi bari bamaze kuba benshi kuri Paruwasi, bari kumwe na Padiri Mategeko Aimé wageragezaga kubahumuriza.499

Kubera ko umubare w’impunzi wagendaga wiyongera, bifuje ko bahabwa abajandarume bo kubarinda. Ayo makuru amaze kugera kuri Superefe Terebura Gérard na Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien bagiye kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika ku wa gatandatu tariki ya 9 Mata 1994. Bahageze, Superefe yabwiranye umujinya mwinshi Pasitori Ngwije Asiel "ngo inyenzi zateye u Rwanda none mwebwe murashaka abasirikari babarinda !”. Superefe Terebura na Burugumesitiri bahita bahava baragenda.500

Kugira ngo kwica Abatutsi bizakorwe vuba kandi mu buryo butagoranye, Mazimpaka Innocent yakoresheje imodoka ya SNV yari yakuye i Kigali, atunda Abatutsi abakura hirya no hino mu ngo zabo, abajyana kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika, ababeshya ko Interahamwe zarakaye. Mazimpaka wabaga iteka aherekejwe n’abasirikare, yafashe n’abari bahungiye kuri Komini Gatare abajyana hamwe n’abandi kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika.501 Ku wa 11 Mata 1994 Interahamwe zahise zihabasanga, zirabica.


Mu gitondo cyo ku wa mbere tariki ya 11 Mata 1994, Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien yazanye abajandarume 2 i Hanika, abwira impunzi ko ari abo kubarindira umutekano, ko we agiye mu nama i Cyangugu. Aho kuba abo kubarindira umutekano, abo bajandarume babaye abicanyi bafatanyije n’Interahamwe.502

499 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKANGIRA Angelique mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2017.500 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKANGIRA Angelique mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2017.501 African Rights, Des preuves contres Innocent Mazimpaka, Troisieme Edition, Mai 1996, p.11-13502 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya GATANA Athanase mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2017.

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Hashize amasaha make Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien avuye i Hanika agiye mu nama i Cyangugu, ahagana mu ma saa ine, nibwo igitero cya mbere cy’Interahamwe cyazamutse cyerekeza kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika nk’uko bisobanurwa na Mukangira Angelique:

Interahamwe zazamutse zitwaje imbunda, amagere-nade n’intwaro gakondo. Ba bajandarume barashe amasasu abiri basa n’abiyerurutsa, bahita bareka Interahamwe zitwahukao. Zahereye ku mugabo wari warabaye umupolisi witwa Simbikangwa ziramwica. Abagabo babibonye bagerageje kubanza kwirwanaho, barwana n’Interahamwe bakoresheje amabuye bazanirwaga n’abagore bari kumwe aho kuri Paruwasi. Interahamwe zaje kubanesha, zibiraramo zibicisha intwaro gakondo, ndetse na grenades zazanywe na mwene Ngoboka witwaga Alphonse alias Rasita. Kubera ko nta ho guhungira hari hahari, Interahamwe zishe Abatutsi benshi, cyane cyane abagabo barimo babarwanya, zimaze kuruha ziritahira.503

Nimugoroba Interahamwe zaragarutse, ubwicanyi burako-meza, Interahamwe zicyurwa nijoro nk’uko bisobanurwa na Gatana Athanase:

Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien avuye mu nama i Cyangugu yagarutse kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika. Ahageze yavuganye na Mafurebo Marcel ndetse na padiri Mategeko Aimé. Burugumesitiri amaze kuvugana na bo, Padiri yagiye kureba impunzi zari zitaricwa, ababwira ko Leta yabatanze, ko binjira mu Kiliziya akabasengera. Impunzi zose zahise zinjira mu Kiliziya. Nyuma y’akanya gato bageze mu Kiliziya igitero cy’Interahamwe cyahise kihagera, gitangira kumenagura ibirahure bya Kiliziya bakoresheje amabuye. Tubonye bikomeye Padiri n’impunzi twasohotse twiruka twerekeza mu gikari cy’Abapadiri. Icyo gitero na cyo cyishe abatutsi benshi cyane, babicisha amagerenade n’intwaro gakondo. Marcel Mafurebo nawe yaguye aho ku Kiliziya. Uwo munsi

503 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKANGIRA Angelique mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2017.

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Abatutsi benshi biciwe mu Kiliziya, mu gikari cy’Abapadiri no mu nkengero zaho.504

Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatorika ya Hanika ku wa 11 Mata 1994 bwari buyobowe na Mazimpaka Innocent wakoraga ibishoboka byose kugira ngo Interahamwe zibone ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi (gerenades) bihagije kandi ku gihe.505

Mu gitondo ku wa kabiri tariki ya 12 Mata 1994, Interahamwe zagarutse guhorahoza Abatutsi bari bakirimo umwuka, hasigara abagore n’abana gusa. Interahamwe zavugaga ko abana n’abagore nta cyo bazamara, ariko na bo baje kwicwa nyuma.

Nyuma yo kwica Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika no mu nkengero zaho, habaye ikibazo cyo gushyingura imirambo myinshi yari inyanyagiye hirya no hino. Ni bwo batangiye kubashyira mu miringoti ariko kubera ubwinshi bwabo, Hategekimana Simon wari usanzwe ari umushoferi wa komini azana imodoka ya komini ya Hilux ayifashisha atunda imirambo, ajya kubajugunya mu mugezi wa Kirimbi, amazi ayijyana mu Kiyaga cya Kivu ku buryo imibiri ya bo bidashoboka ko yazaboneka. Hategekimana Simon azwi kandi kuba ari we watwaraga Abatutsi babita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi mu 1990, bakajya kubafunga.506

Itariki ya 20 Mata 1994: Umunsi hishwe abagore n’Abana bari barokotse igitero cyo ku wa 11 Mata 1994

Abagore n’abana bari barokotse ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika ku wa 11 Mata 1994 bishwe nyuma y’inama ya Superefe Terebura Gérard yabereye ku Munyinya ku wa 20 Mata 1994 nk’uko bisobanurwa na Ntirusekanwa Donatien:

Ku wa 20 Mata 1994 Superefe Terebura Gérard ari kumwe na Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien bakoresheje inama yabereye ku Munyinya mu kibuga cya

504 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya GATANA Athanase mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2017.505 African Rights, Des preuves contres Innocent Mazimpaka, Troisieme Edition, Mai 1996, p.17-18506 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUKANGIRA Angelique mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2017.

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Paruwasi. Iyo nama yari yatumiwemo abakonseye bose n’abaturage. Muri iyo nama abaturage bamenyesheje Superefe ko hari abagore n’abana b’Abatutsi barokotse bakiri kuri Paruwasi, bamubaza uko bizagenda kubera ko babasenyeye bakanabatwikira. Superefe yabaye nk’utunguwe avuga ko we atari azi ko hari Umututsi ukihari, ati: Narinzi ko bashize !”. Yahise ahagurutsa abakonseye arababwira ati: “Kuva uyu munsi abo bantu bari i Hanika muhite muhabakura, mubajyane muri Segiteri zabo. Buri konsiye agende afate abe abajyane”. Inama ihumuje abakonseye na burugumesitiri basigaranye na superefe, bafata umwanzuro w’ikigomba gukorerwa ba Batutsi bakiri kuri Paruwasi. Nyuma y’umwiherero buri konseye yagiye kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika kureba abantu be, bahageze barabegeranya bababeshya ko babajyanye mu miryango yabo.507

Kubwira abarokotse ko babajyanye iwabo byari amayeri yo kugira ngo babone uko babica nk’uko bisobanurwa na Gatana Athanase:

Abavanywe kuri Paruwasi bose nta n’umwe wateye akajisho aho akomoka. Abakomokaga muri Rumamfu biciwe mu Ruhuma no muri Ryagatari, hari kandi abo bajugunye mu musarani muri Nyakagina i Nyagahinga. Abakomokaga muri Rukanu biciwe mu Bitaba, abandi babajugunya mu cyobo i Gasave ari bazima. Abakomokaga muri Birembo biciwe i Ruhuma mu nsi y’ishyamba babajugunya mu byuzi by’amafi. Abana 40 b’abahungu bo muri Kinyinya biciwe mu ishyamba ryo mu Kamugisha, bicwa na Rukemangamizi mwene Songa na Ndayisenga wo muri Munazi. Hari kandi Abakobwa n’abagore 45 bajugunywe mu musarani wo muri Kinyinya i Gasave bicwa na Tigana Hesron, Karangwa Karake n’abandi.508

Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika bishwe n’Interahamwe zo muri Komini Gatare zifatanyije n’abajandarume n’aba réservistes bari baravuye mu Gisirikare. Mu rwego rwo

507 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTIRUSEKANWA Donatien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2017.508 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya GATANA Athanase mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 23 Ugushyingo 2017.

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kubungabunga amateka ya Jenoside no guha icyubahiro Abatutsi biciwe kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Hanika n’abiciwe hirya no hino muri Komini Gatare, imibiri yabo ishyinguwe mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Hanika.

Urwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Hanika

5.12 Ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo n’ubugome bw’indengakamere byakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari perefegitura ya cyangugu Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yagaragayemo kwica Abatutsi bikoranywe ubugome bw’indengakamere. Ikigamijwe muri iki gice si ukurondora amabi yose yakorewe Abatutsi, ahubwo ni ukugaragaza uburyo kamere-muntu yamanutse hasi kugeza aho ijya inyuma y’iy’inyamaswa.

Ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bwakoranywe ubugome bw’indengakamere aho mu bice bitandukanye Interahamwe zaranzwe n’ibikorwa byo kubaga Abatutsi bakarya ibice by’imibiri. Ibyo bikorwa by’ubunyamaswa byagaragaye mu Karere ka Rusizi, mu Mumurenge wa Mururu ahitwa mu Gatandara no Mu Murenge wa Gikundamvura mu Kagari ka Kizura.

Urwibutso rwa Hanika ruri i ruhande rwa Kiliziya Gatorika, Paruwasi ya Hanika, rushyinguyemo Abatutsi biciwe mu Kiliziya no mu nkengero zayo.


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5.12.1. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi mu Gatandara

Mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo ahitwa mu Gatandara mu Kagari ka Gahinda ho mu Murenge wa Mururu mu Karere ka Rusizi hari bariyeri ikomeye cyane y’Interahamwe n’abasirikari. Iyo bariyeri yiciweho Abatutsi benshi bari bakomeye bakuwe muri Stade Kamarampaka, yicirwaho kandi ababaga bashaka guhungira muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Mukankusi Henriette wavukiye mu Gatandara akanahakurira, avuga ko:

Nyuma y’iminsi ibiri (2) indege ya Perezida Habyari-mana ihanuwe, Interahamwe n’abajandarume bata-ngiye ibikorwa byo gusahura Abatutsi no kubica. Ni muri urwo rwego bashyize bariyeri mu Gatandara, ku kiraro cy’umugezi wa Gatandara. Iyo bariyeri yiririrwagaho Interahamwe zigamije gutangira Abatutsi ngo badahungira i Bukavu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Abatutsi biciwe kuri bariyeri yo mu Gatandara bajugunywe mu mifurege, mu mugezi wa Gatandara no mu mugezi wa Rusizi. Bajugunywaga kandi mu cyobo rusange cyari aho bitaga kuri gendarmerie hafi y’umugezi wa Rusizi ndetse no mu mashyamba ry’Ababikira riri hafi y’aho mu Gatandara.509

Abatutsi biciwe mu Gatandara bakorewe iyicarubozo rikabije. Bishwe urw’agashinyaguro aho Interahamwe zabaze bamwe mu bishwe, zibakuramo bimwe mu bice by’umubiri zirabyotsa zirabirya. Hari akazu k’imbaho bababagiragamo bitaga burigade gakinjiro. Ibice birimo imyijima, imitima, impyiko n’inyama z’ibibero Interahamwe zajyaga kubyokereza ku mugabo wari ufite akabari aho mu Gatandara hafi ya bariyeri witwa Vuningoma Daniel, bakabirisha ibitoki bokerezaga aho kwa Vuningoma ndetse n’ibirayi bazanirwaga n’abajandarume kuko babagemuriraga amanywa nijoro kugira ngo batava kuri iyo bariyeri, bityo hakagira Abatutsi babacika. Babaryaga babashinyagurira bavuga ngo: “ndakwishe, nkuriye umutima, umva ko Abatutsi mudapfa nunazuka uzazuke utagira umutima!”510

509 Ubuhamya bwa MUKANKUSI Henriette, 2017510 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MUHIGIRWA Innocent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017.

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Mu bibukwa bakorewe ubwo bunyamaswa amazina yabo yashyizwe ku rukuta mu rwibutso rwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ruri mu Karangiro harimo:

- Nkata Bernard wari umucuruzi i Kamembe, - Habimana Jean Marie Vianney bitaga Gapfumu, yari

umucuruzi i Kamembe, - Gatake Ananie wari umucuruzi i Kamembe, - Nzisabira Trojan wari umucuruzi i Kamembe,- Ibambasi Elphasie wari umucuruzi i Kamembe- Mihigo Remy wari umwarimu i Mutongo, - Murekezi Fidèle, - Nsengiyumva Jean Léonard, - Mugabo Albert, - Mugabo Dominique bitaga Gaperi wakoraga kuri

Perefegitura, - Twagiramungu Albert wari IPJ, - Hategekimana, - Nzeyimana Félicien, - Ndorimana Apiane, - Sibomana Bénoit na - Léonard.

Mu nterahamwe zaranzwe n’ayo mabi zirya ibice by’imibiri y’abantu harimo Roger Gacuba na Marcel bari batuye mu Kagari ka Gahinga, mu Murenge wa Mururu mu Mudugudu wa Birogo. Harimo kandi Habimana Jean Bosco alias Masudi wireze yemera ibyaha, asaba n’imbabazi.511

Nyuma yo guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abiciwe mu Gatandara bashyinguwe mu Rwibutso rwa Karangiro mu Murenge wa Nyakarenzo. Uretse Abatutsi biciwe mu Gatandara, urwibutso rwa Karangiro rwashyinguwemo kandi Abatutsi biciwe Mururu, Nyakarenzo na Gashonga. Mu rwego rwo gukomeza kubungabunga Amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi no guha icyubahiro gikwiye Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside, abashinguwe mu Rwibutso rwa Karangiro bimuwe mu gikorwa cyatangiye ku wa 03 Mata 2018, bajya

511 Ubuhamya bwa MUKANKUSI Henriette, Rusizi, 2017

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gushyingurwa mu cyubahiro mu rwibutso rw’abazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Nyarushishi ruhereye mu Murenge wa Nkungu Akarere ka Rusizi.

5.12.2. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi i Mutongo kuri Poids Lourd

Uretse iyicarubozo ryabereye mu Gatandara, i Mururu hazwi kuba harakorewe ubundi bwicanyi ndengakakamere bwabereye i Mutongo kuri “Poids Lourd”. Niho Kambanda yiciwe urw’agashinyaguro, bamuca umutwe n’akaboko, umutwe bawushyira mu muhanda, imodoka yose ikeneye gutambuka igasabwa gutanga amafaranga kugira ngo bakure uwo mutwe mu muhanda ibone uko ikomeza. Uretse umutwe, bamuciye kandi ukuboko, maze uhanyuze n’amaguru bagafataga ikiganza cye, bakagisabisha, utambuka n’amaguru wese agasabwa gutanga amafaranga bavuga ngo: “urahanyura ubanje guha uyu muntu amafaranga”. Ibyo bice by’umubiri wa Kambanda byakoreshejwe igihe kirekire muri uwo muhanda nyuma baza kubita.512

5.12.3. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi mu Murenge wa Gikundamvura

Mu yahoze ari Komini Buragama, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Gikundamvura, ahitwa Hinduka ho mu Kagari ka Kizura Interahamwe zishe Rwicaninyoni zirangije ziramubaga, zikora brochette zirotsa zirarya. Mu bamwishe harimo Kanyepori mwene Kanayoge wo muri Kizura, Sadamu François mwene Butuyu wo mu Kizura n’abandi.513

5.12.4. Iyicarubozo ryakorewe Abatutsi bo ku musozi wa Rukungu

Abatutsi bo ku musozi wa Rukungu mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rwumba, Komini Gatare, ubu ni mu murenge wa Cyato, bishwe urw’agashinyaguro batwikiwe mu nzu ya nyakatsi ya Karekezi Alfred, yari hafi y’ikigo cy’amashuri abanza ya Rwaramba. Bamaze hafi ibyumweru bibiri byose bashya, kugera babaye

512 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sébastien mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 09 Ukwakira 2017.513 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BUDUWE Réverien mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 26 Ukwakira 2017.

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umuyonga. Mu bahiriye muri iyo nzu harimo Mukamusoni, Rudahunga, Rukemwampunzi Venerand, Mukandori, Nyirabuka, Uwantege, Tuyizere Samson, Kagina, Jeanne d’Arc, Baranyeretse, Higiro Boniface, Bihoyiki n’abandi.

Abatutsi bo ku musozi wa Rukungu bishwe n’Interahamwe ziturutse muri Serire Kanjongo, Nyakabingo, Murenge, Mutuntu n’ahandi. Hakizimana Fabien asobanura ko igitero cyabishe cyarimo Rwamacaki Sabagirirwa, Nkirimana Thomas, Ntahondereye, Karimunda, Ntawuyirushya, Ndagijimana, Bizimana, Kwitonda, Ndabarishye, Gakwerere, Nsekanabanga, Nyabushegeshi, Semanonku, Muhini, Matongo, Gatwa waguye mu bitero by’abacengezi, Ndengera n’abandi.514

Hari Abatutsi biciwe kandi muri Gihinga ahitwa kwa Karani. Bahakusanyirije abagore n’abana barenga 100, maze babicisha amahiri n’amashoka. Hari abandi bana batwikiye mu cyobo kinini cyo ku musozi wa Sarabuye. Babakusanyirijemo, nyuma bafata ibyatsi byumye barohamo, barangije bashyiramo umuriro, nyuma barafunga.515

5.13 Ikigereranyo cy’Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Nk’uko byagaragajwe n’ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na MINALOC, bwashyizwe ahagaraga mu 2004, mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu hishwe Abatutsi bagera ku bihumbi mirongo itanu n’icyenda na magana arindwi mirongo inani na batandatu (59786). Muri abo bishwe, MINALOC igaragaza ko abagabo bagera kuri 63,5%, abagore bagera kuri 36,3%, n’abagera kuri 0,2% bataramenyekana igitsina kubera ko bishwe ari abana bato. Muri rusange, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ifite 5.6 % by’Abatutsi bishwe mu gihugu hose muri Jenoside. Imbonerahamwe ikurikira igaragaza abishwe muri buri Komini.

514 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HAKIZIMANA Fabien mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ugushyingo 2017.515 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYIRANGA Eleuthère mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 20 Ugushyingo 2017.

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Imbonerahamwe igaragaza umubare w’Abatutsi bishwe muri buri komini

No Komini Umubare w’Abishwe Ijanisha (%)

1 Gisuma 12456 20,8

2 Kagano 9631 16,1

3 Gatare 9283 15,5

4 Gafunzo 7095 11,9

5 Cyimbogo 6708 11,2

6 Karengera 3962 6,6

7 Kirambo 3103 5,2

8 Gishoma 2826 4,7

9 Nyakabuye 2037 3,4

10 Kamembe 1709 2,9

11 Bugarama 663 1,1

12 Busozo516 312 0,5Igitera-

nyo Cyangugu 59786 100%

MINALOC, 2004, Paji 87

Nk’uko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe iri haruguru, umubare munini w’Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu biciwe mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma (20.8%) yakomokagamo Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Bagambiki Emmanuel. Komini Gisuma ikurikirwa na Komini Kagano (16,1%), Komini Gatare (15,5%), Komini Gafunzo (11,9%), Komini Cyimbogo (11,2%) n’ahandi.

5.14 Bamwe mu bagize uruhare mu kurokora Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

N’ubwo ubuyobozi bwateguye bugashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bwagerageje gushishikariza Abahutu kwanga no kwica Abatutsi, hari bamwe mu baturage b’Abahutu bagize ubutwari, bemera kurokora bamwe mu Batutsi bahigwaga.

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- Padiri Busunyu Baudouin

Padiri Busunyu Baudouin umuhungu wa Busunyu Michel yakomokaga mu Rwintare, mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, ubu ni mu Karere ka Nyamasheke. Mu 1994 Padiri Busunyu Baudouin yabaga kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nkanka.

Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Padiri Busunyu Baudouin ntiyigeze yishimira iyicwa ry’Abatutsi. Mu buryo bugoranye yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo agire abo arokora abafashije guhungira muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Yaherekeje Abatutsi batandukanye, yabageza ku Kiyaga cya Kivu agahemba abasare bagomba kubambutsa babahungishiriza muri Kongo, rimwe na rimwe akambukana na bo kugira ngo amenye neza ko bageze aho bizeye umutekano, nyuma we akagaruka. Niyitegeka Florien asobanura ko bimaze kumenyekana ko Padiri Busunyu Baudouin ahungisha Abatutsi banyuze mu mazi, Interahamwe zikuriwe n’Interahamwe yitwaga Gipanga zahise zijya kurinda ku cyambu yanyuragaho cya Busekanka mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rusunyu. Na we ariko yahise abimenya ahindura inzira.516

Nk’uko bisobanurwa kandi na Padiri Ndorimana Jean, Padiri Busunyu Baudouin yafataga umwanya wo kujya gushakisha Abatutsi bataricwa mu giturage, akajya kubahisha kuri Paruwasi ya Nkanka, abo bahuye mu nzira akababwira ko ari abo mu muryango we baje kumusura, kandi kubera ko byari bisanzwe bizwi na buri wese ko ari Umuhutu mwene Busunyu Michel wari waramamaye mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Karengera, ntawashidikanyaga ku gisubizo yatangaga, yafatwaga nk’umwizerwa.

Abatutsi yakuye hirya no hino yabagezaga ku Nkanka bakaruhuka gato, byagera i saa cyenda z’ijoro (3h), Interahamwe zavuye kuri bariyeri zigiye kuryama, Padiri akababyutsa bagafata inzira, bagera ku Kivu bagafata ubwato ku buryo bageraga i Bukavu saa kumi n’ebyiri za mu gitondo (6h). Padiri yamaraga kubageza i Bukavu agahita agaruka, akanyura kuri Katedarali gutanga amakuru y’uko byagenze, no kubaza ko hari abandi ashobora kwambutsa. Yavagayo yahindanye cyane,

516 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIYITEGEKA Florien ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali ku wa 22 Werurwe 2018.

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yuzuye ibyondo, maze abo bahuriye mu nzira akababwira ko avuye mu murima kubera ko byari mu gihe cy’imvura.517

Padiri Busunyu Baudouin ashimirwa n’abo yarokoye ku bwitange bwamuranze no kwitandukanya n’abakoze Jenoside nk’uko bishimangirwa na Mukayiranga Micheline:

Padiri Busunyu Baudouin yatugaragarije ko yihaye Imana koko. Yadufashije mu bihe bikomeye, kandi adufasha mu gihe dukeneye ubufasha. Ntiyigeze atinya ko ashobora kugirirwa nabi akaba yanabura ubuzima ku bwo kwitangira Abatutsi. Ibyo yakoze bigaragaza ko yari afite umuhamagaro koko. Twe abarokotse hano ku Nkanka, nta cyo twakora uretse gusaba Imana kumushyira mu bahire bayo.518

Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zigeze i Cyangugu, Padiri Busunyu Baudouin yahunze igihugu atinya ko ashobora kugirirwa nabi kubera ko ise Busunyu Michel yari yaramamaye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ageze muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, yakiriwe muri Communauté des Filles de Notre Dame de Miséricorde i Rambo muri Archidiocèse ya Bukavu. Ubwo yari mu buhungiro muri Kongo abantu benshi bamushishikarije kugaruka mu Rwanda, ariko yitaba Imana atarafata umwanzuro wo kugaruka mu gihugu cye.

- Padiri Oscar Nkundayezu, Padiri Boneza Joseph, Padiri Kabera Ignace na Musenyeri Rwakabayiza

Uretse Padiri Busunyu Baudouin, hari na none Padiri Oscar Nkundayezu waranzwe n’umutima w’impuhwe, aho yakurikiranye ubuzima bw’Abatutsi bari muri Stade Kamarampaka, abasura, abashakakira ibyo kurya n’ibindi. Nyuma yo kuva muri Stade Kamarampaka bakajyanwa mu nkambi i Nyarushishi, Padiri Oscar Nkundayezu yakomeje kubasura, akabahumuriza, akomeza gukurikirana imibereho yabo. Hari na none Padiri Boneza Joseph, Padiri Kabera Ignace na Musenyeri Rwakabayiza Dieudonné baranzwe n’umutima w’impuhwe, banga gutererana Abatutsi bari babahungiyeho kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi, kubera impungenge z’uko Interahamwe

517 Ndorimana Jean , op. Cit., p.66-67. 518 African Rights, RWANDA: Hommage au Courage, Kigali, 2005.

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zari guhita zibica. N’ubwo Abatutsi baje kuhicirwa ariko, nta cyo batakoze ku rwego rwabo ngo babavuganire. Padiri Joseph Boneza we byanamuviriyemo kwicwa, ariko asiga umurage mwiza wo kuba yaritangiye Intama ze mu gihe gikwiye, kandi zimukeneye koko.

- Uwemeyimana Aloys

Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Uwemeyimana Aloys yari atuye mu Murenge wa Nzahaha, Akarere ka Rusizi. Yari umuturage usanzwe w’umukateshisite (catechist) mu muryango remezo wa Paruwasi ya Nzahaha. Ubwo Jenoside yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Uwemeyimana Aloys yarokoye Abatutsi benshi abahungishiriza muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo nk’uko abisobanura:

Ubwo Jenoside yari imaze gusakara mu gace nari ntuyemo, hari Abatutsi 68 nakuye ku Kiriziya biyongera ku bandi 4 bari iwanjye. Bamaze kugera iwanjye, narebye uburyo ubwicanyi burimo gukorwa hirya no hino, maze mfata umwanzuro wo kubahungishiriza muri Repuburika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo kugira ngo batazabansangana bakabica. Twaricaye tuganira uko twabikora, tumaze gufata umwanzuro narabaherekeje. Tugeze ku mupaka tuhasanga bariyeri y’Interahamwe ariko mbasaba kumbabarira bakanyambukiriza abantu. Bagiye kubyemera babonamo abantu bane bari kuri lisiti y’abahigwaga bukware barongera bisubiraho. Narabinginze cyane, ntangira no kubigisha nkoresheje imvugo zo mu Kiliziya, mbabwira uburyo gukiza ubuzima bw’abantu bazabihemberwa mu Ijuru. Mbonye bitari bwemere nabasabye kubaha amafaranga. Buri umwe muri abo bane bari kuri lisiti y’abashakishwa cyane namutanzeho amafaranga igihumbi (1.000Frw), abasigaye mbishyurira amafaranga ijana (100Frw) buri umwe kugira ngo babemerere gutambuka. Interahamwe zimaze kwakira amafaranga zarabaretse baragenda, najye nsubira i Muhira.519

519 Ubuhamya bwa UWEMEYIMANA Aloys, 2018

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Uwemeyimana aloys abonye ko abashije kubarokora, yakomeje gushakisha no kwambutsa abandi. Byaje kumenyekana ariko ko ahungisha Abatutsi, maze ku wa 16 Mata 1994, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gishoma Nkubito Jean Chrysostome ategeka ko bamuzana ari muzima cyangwa yapfuye. Zimwe mu Nterahamwe zari inshuti ze zahise zimuburira, Uwemeyimana Aloys na we atangira kwihishahisha atinya kugirirwa nabi. Ibyo ntibyamuciye indege ariko kubera ko no ku wa 20 Mata 1994 yahungishije abandi bagera kuri batanu (5), bageze ku mupaka wa Rusizi buri umwe amwishyurira amafaranga igihumbi na magana abiri (1.200Frw) kugira ngo bemererwe kwambuka umupaka.

Uwemeyimana Aloys yakomeje icyo gikorwa cyo guhungishiriza Abatutsi muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Asobanura ko muri rusange yabashije kurokora Abatutsi bagera ku 119. Mu Gushyingo 2015, Uwemeyimana aloys yari mu bantu 15 bashimwe bakanahabwa umudari w’Umurinzi w’igihango kubera ibikorwa byabo.

- Sibomana Cyrille

Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Sibomana Cyrille yari atuye mu Murenge wa Gashonga, Akarere ka Rusizi. Jenoside yabaye afite imyaka 23, yiga mu Iseminari Nkuru y’i Rutongo. Yarokoye Abatutsi bagera ku 100 abahungishirije muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Abenshi yabarokoye abakura i Mibirizi kuri Paruwasi afatanyije na Padiri Mukuru Boneza Joseph na Padiri Kabera Ignace na Faratiri Rwakabayiza Dieudonné. Mu buhamya bwe, Sibomana Cyrille asobanura uko yabikoze:

Ku wa kane tariki ya 21 Mata 1994, nageze i Mibilizi ndeba akaga abantu bari bahari barimo, birambabaza cyane, numva muri njye hari icyo nagakoreye abari mu kaga. Byatumye njya kuvugana na Padiri Ignace Kabera n’uwari Faratiri icyo gihe Dieudonné Rwakabayiza, mbabwira ko nshaka kureba uko hari abo nafasha bagahungira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo. Kari akazi katoroshye gasaba gutekereza cyane no gukorana ubwitange budasanzwe, ariko numva mfite umuhati wo kubikora. Mu

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bitekerezo byanjye, nasanze byaba byiza ngiye ntwara abantu bake bake mu matsinda kuko byansabaga ko mbanza kuganira na bo kugira ngo twumvikane inzira yo kunyuramo, dore ko kugenda byakorwaga n’ijoro, nta bwo byari byoroshye. Kugira ngo ibyo nshobore kubigeraho, byansabaga kandi kubanza kubona amakuru ahagije, nkamenya aho za bariyeri ziri, igihe amarondo yatangiriraga n’igihe yarangiriraga. Mbere yo kugenda nagombaga no kujya gushaka abasare bo kwambutsa ababaga bageze ku mazi, tugahana gahunda, kugira ngo tuzahagere biteguye. Mu basare twakoranye nibuka harimo nk’abitwa Victor, Bitorwa n’abandi.520

Mu bantu Sibomana Cyrille yibuka yahungishirije muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, mu itsinda rya mbere harimo Kanziga Seraphine, umudamu wa Nyakwigendera Kayonga Fabien ari kumwe n’abana, abana bo k’umugabo witwa Aimable w’i Nyakarenzo, Gatete Eustache n’abandi. Mu itsinda rya Kabiri harimo Pascal wo kwa Christophe ku Munyinya, Kambanda Fabien, Kalisa Théogène witabye Imana n’abandi. Mu itsinda rya gatatu harimo Oswald, Herman, Nepomuscène, Vénuste n’abandi. Itsinda rya kane harimo umudamu wa Fréderic w’i Nyakarenzo witwaga Mariya, umwana w’umukobwa witwa Tharcille wari warakomerekejwe na gerenade aho yari yarahungiye ku mashuri i Nyakanyinya n’abandi. N’ubwo Tharcille atabashaga kugenda, Sibomana Cyrille yamucumbikishije ku musaza witwa Juvénal mu i Rango nyuma aza kumushyikiriza Nyakwigendera Soeur Immaculée Kanakuze amwitaho arakira. Itsinda rya gatanu ryari ririmo muzehe Mvumvaneza Innocent bitaga Kanibal n’abana be barimo Ernest, harimo kandi Mwarimu Gabriel n’umuhungu we Valens, Ernest wari urwaye n’abandi. Itsinda rya gatandatu ryarimo Mukagasana Daphrose na musaza we Gasana bambutse mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa gatanu. Itsinda rya karindwi ryarimo Bana Méditatrice, murumuna we Fifi na musaza wabo n’abandi.

520 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SIBOMANA Cyrille ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali ku wa 5 Ukuboza 2017

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Abo Sibomana Cyrille yarokoye bazirikana kandi bamushimira ibikorwa by’ubutwari byamuranze. Nk’uko Gatete Eustache, umwe mu barokowe na Sibomana Cyrille abisobanura:

Mu bantu yajyanye (Sibomana Cyrille) ntawapfuye kandi nta gihembo yigeze abasaba. Icyo yasabaga ni uko batanga amafaranga yo guhemba abasare bagomba kubambutsa bajya muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Abapadiri b’i Mibirizi nabo bakusanyaga amafaranga yo kwambutsa ababaga badafite ubushobozi. Yaradufashije cyane.521

Uretse abo bavuzwe haruguru, hari n’abandi batandu-kanye bagize ubutwari bwo kurokora Abatutsi bicwaga muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Bose ni abo gushimirwa.

521 Ubuhamya bwa GATETE Eustache, 2018

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IGICE CYA GATANDATU

ABAGIZE URUHARE MU ITEGURWA N’ISHYIRWA MU BIKORWA RYA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU

YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU

Jenoside ni icyaha gitegurwa n’ubuyobozi, bugashyigikira ishyirwa mu bikorwa ryayo. Nta Jenoside ishobora kubaho iyo idashingiye ku ngengabitekerezo yayo ibanza kwigishwa, igacengezwa mu baturage, kandi igashyigikirwa n’Ubuyobozi. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ntiyari gushoboka iyo ubutegetsi bukuru bw’igihugu butabishaka. Ibyo bishimangirwa n’uko mu 1994, ku ba Minisitiri 22 bari bagize Guverinoma y’Abatabazi yagiyeho ku wa 08 Mata 1994, 15 muri bo baburanishijwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda (ICTR), 9 muri bo bakatiwe n’urwo Rukiko hamwe na Ntamabyariro Agnès wahoze ari Minisitiri w’Ubutabera (MINIJUST) waburanishijwe n’Inkiko zo mu Rwanda. Ku ba Minisitiri bose 22, 10 bahamwe n’icyaha cya Jenoside.

Abayobozi bo ku rwego rwa perefegitura muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ab’inzego z’ibanze, hamwe n’abayoboraga ibigo bitandukanye byakoreraga muri Cyangugu, abacamanza n’abashinjacyaha, bose bari bibumbiye mu itsinda ryitwaga TUVINDIMWE, bagize uruhare rukomeye mu gushishikariza Abahutu kwitabira Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. 6.1 Abategetsi ku rwego rw’igihugu

Umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi wateguwe unashyirwa mu bikorwa n’abategetsi mu nzego zitandukanye bafatanyije n’igisirikare hamwe n’insoresore zitwaraga gisirikare harimo Interahamwe za MRND, Inkuba za MDR n’Impuzamugambi za CDR. Mu bagarukwaho n’abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi kuba baragize uruhare mu bikorwa byo gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu harimo:

- Minisitiri Ntagerura André

Minisitiri Ntagerura André wakomokaga muri Komini Karengera, yari umukwe wa Bongwanubusa Damien wabaye

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umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa PARMEHUTU mu 1963. Kugera mu 1994, Ntagerura André yari umuntu ukomeye, uvuga rikijyana mu ishyaka rya MRND, ishyaka ryateguye rinashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi bemeza ko Minisitiri Ntagerura André yagize uruhare mu gushyiraho no gutoza Interahamwe muri Komini Karengera yakomokagamo afatanyije na Busunyu Michel wari Perezida wa MRND muri Komini Karengera na Nyandwi Christophe wari Perezida w’Interahamwe muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

Nka Minisitiri wari ufite itangazamakuru mu nshingano, yateye inkunga mu buryo butaziguye radio RTLM. Kuva itangira kumvikana, yaterwaga inkunga y’ibyo ikeneye byose na Radiyo Rwanda y’igihugu. Ibyo bigaragaraza ko Ntagerura André wari Minisitiri w’Ubwikorezi n’Itumanaho yafashije RTLM ayiha uburenganzira bwo gukorana na Radiyo Rwanda no gukomeza gutambutsa ibiganiro byayo bibiba urwango kandi bishishikariza Abahutu kwitabira Jenoside.

Nyuma y’aho FPR ifatiye ubutegetsi mu kwezi kwa Nyakanga mu 1994, Ntagerura André yahungiye muri Caméroun ari naho yafatiwe tariki ya 26 werurwe 1996 maze yohererezwa Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda Arusha muri Tanzaniya kugira ngo aburanishwe ku ruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

N’ubwo Ubushinjacyaha bw’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda butabashije kugaragaza ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bigaragaza uruhare rwa Ntagerura André mu itegurwa n’ishyirwamubikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi bemeza ko Minisitiri Ntagerura André ari umuntu uri ku isonga y’abateguye Jenoside mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu cyane cyane mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera yakomokagamo afatanyije na Busunyu Michel wari Perezida wa MRND muri Komini Karengera na Nyandwi Christophe wari Perezida w’Interahamwe muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Yusufu Munyakazi wari ukuriye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama, Sebatware Marcel wari ukuriye Uruganda rwa CIMERWA n’abandi.

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- Brigadier General Gratien Kabiligi

Mu 1994, Brigadier General Kabiligi wakomokaga muri Komini Kamembe, yari afite amakuru ahagije ku mutekano w’igihugu biturutse mu nama za buri cyumweru yitabiraga. Bivuze ko yari azi neza umugambi wa Jenoside, ariko ikibabaje nta cyo yakoze ngo awurwanye kandi yari abifitiye ubushobozi. Ahubwo yaranzwe no kwikoma Abatutsi bikomeye, aho twatanga urugero rwo ku wa 15 Gashyantare 1994, aho mu kigo cya gisirikare mu Ruhengeri yatangaje umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi anabishishikariza buri muyobozi w’ingabo. Mu byo yakoraga byose Brigadier General Gratien Kabiligi yasabye buri musirikare kumva neza uko ibintu bihagaze no kumenya icyo gukora. Avuga ku cyakorerwa umwanzi Brigadier General Gratien Kabiligi yakoreshaga ijambo ry’igifaransa “déraciner” bivuze kurimbura.522 Umwanzi bavugaga yari Umututsi. Ingabo za FAR zimaze gutsindwa urugamba, Brigadier General Gratien Kabiligi yahunze igihugu ariko atabwa muri yombi mu 1997 yohererezwa Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda Arusha muri Tanzaniya. Urubanza rwe rwatangiye mu 2002. Ku wa 18 Ukuboza 2008 yagizwe umwere n’umucamanza Théodor Meron wakunze gushinjwa kurekura abakoze ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi baburanishijwe na ICTR.

N’ubwo Ubushinjacyaha bw’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda butabashije kugaragaza ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bigaragaza uruhare rwa Brigadier General Gratien Kabiligi mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, agarukwaho n’abatangabuhamya nk’umuntu uri ku isonga ry’abateguye Jenoside, abayishyize mu bikorwa n’abashishikarije Abahutu kwanga no kwica Abatutsi.

- Depite Kwitonda Pierre

Depite Kwitonda Pierre wakomokaga muri Komini Nyakabuye yari umuntu utanga ibitekerezo bigenderwaho mu miyoborere ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Muri urwo rwego

522 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Théoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi , Aloys Ntabakuze Anatole Nsengiyumva, Case No. ICTR-98-41-T, Judgement and Sentence, igika cya 278, urupapuro rwa 66, 18 Ukuboza 2008.

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yafatanyije n’abayobozi ba perefegitura kunoza no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Depite Kwitonda Pierre yibukwa cyane cyane mu ruhare yagize mu iyicwa ry’Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mibilizi, aho ku wa 18 Mata 1994, we na Superefe Munyangabe Théodore bagiye i Mibirizi, bakusanyiriza impunzi hamwe bababeshya ko bashaka kungurana ibitekerezo ku buryo bwo kubarindira umutekano. Bamaze kubegeranya, bahise bahamagara Interahamwe zari zagose Paruwasi, zibiraramo zirabica. Interahamwe zitangiye kubica, Depite Kwitonda Pierre na Superefe Munyangabe Théodore bahise binjira mu modoka bisubirira i Cyangugu.523

RPF-Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Depite Kwitonda Pierre yatawe muri yombi, ashinjwa n’abaturage kuba umwe mu bateguye bakanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Akaba yaraguye muri Gereza.

- Depite Gatabazi Vénuste

Gatabazi Vénuste mwene Minsiraramba na Nyiramugufi yavukiye muri Segiteri Muhehwe mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama. Gatabazi Vénuste yabaye Depite nyuma yo kuyobora Komini Bugarama aho yaranzwe no gufungira Abatutsi ubusa abita ibyitso by’Inkotanyi, kubahohotera n’ibindi. Nk’umuntu wayoboye Komini, Gatabazi Vénuste yari uvuga rikijyana, ari umwe mu bafata imyanzuro bakanatanga icyerekezo cya komini. Yakoranye kandi na Yusufu Munyakazi mu gukurikirana interahamwe ze zarimo benshi bakomoka muri Segiteri akomokamo ya Muhehwe.

RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Depite Gatabazi Vénuste yahise ahunga Igihugu yerekeza muri DRC. Abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi n’umuryango we bakaba bemeza ko yaguye muri DRC, apfa ataburanishijwe ku ruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

523 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINDABIMENYA Damascène mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 01 Ugushyingo 2017

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- Depite Barigira Félicien

Uretse Minisitiri Ntagerura André, Brigadier General Gratien Kabiligi, Depite Kwitonda Pierre na Gatabazi Vénuste, abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi bagaruka ku ruhare rutaziguye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi rwa Depite Barigira Félicien mwene Gaparayi na Nyirandushabandi wavukiye muri Bugungu, mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Giheke, Akarere ka Rusizi. Depite Depite Barigira Félicien agarukwaho n’abatangabuhamya kuba yarashishikarije Interahamwe kwica Umututsi uwo ariwe wese ntakurobanura, asaba Interahamwe ko zitagomba no kugirira impuhwe Abatutsikazi bashatse ku Bahutu.524,525, 526.

RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Depite Barigira Félicien yahise ahunga Igihugu, ubu aba mu Bufaransa. Akaba ari ku rutonde rw’abashakishwa n’Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda kugira ngo bakurikiranwe ku ruhare bagize mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

6.2 Abategetsi ku rwego rwa perefegitura na superefegitura

Mu 1994, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yayoborwaga na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel afatanyije na Superefe Munyangabe Théodore, Superefe Kamonyo Emmanuel, Superefe Terebura Gérard wayoboraga Superefegitura ya Rwesero na Superefe Nsengimana Etienne wayoboraga Superefegitura ya Bugumya n’abandi bakozi ba perefegitura barimo Sewabeza Jean Pierre, Gakwaya Calixte n’abandi.

- Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel

Bagambiki Emmanuel yavukiye muri Gisuma ku wa 8 Werurwe 1948. Yabaye Umwarimu mbere y’uko aba umukozi mu biro bikuru by’iperereza. Yazamuwe mu ntera aba Superefe ku Gisenyi, i Gitarama, aba na Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Kigali Ngali.

524 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya UWANGIRIGIRA Marie Gorethe mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 1 Ugushyingo 2017.525 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NKUBITO Emmanuel mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 1 Ugushyingo 2017.526 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MBABAZI Jean Paul mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 02 Ugushyingo 2017

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Yabaye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kuva mu 1992 nyuma y’ubwicanyi bwari bumaze kubera mu Bugesera, igice cyabarizwaga muri Perefegitura ya Kigali Ngali yabereye Perefe kugera mu 1992. Bagambiki Emmanuel yabaye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma y’icyemezo cya guverinoma cyo muri Nyakanga 1992, cyavugaga ko Perefe wa Perefegitura agomba kuba akomoka muri iyo Perefegitura.

Kubera imyanya itandukanye yagiye ahabwa, Bagambiki Emmanuel yari umunyapolitiki ukomeye kandi ukunzwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana. Nk’uko byateganywaga n’itegeko, perefe yari ahagarariye ubutegetsi nyubahirizategeko ku rwego rwa perefegitura. Yashyirwagaho na Perezida wa Repubulika abigiriwemo inama na Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu ari na we wari ukuriye perefe mu mirimo ye. Nk’umuyobozi wa perefegitura, Perefe yari ashinzwe kubungabunga amahoro, ituze n’umutekano w’abantu n’ibintu. Mu mikorere ye ariko, Bagambiki Emmanuel yaranzwe no guharanira inyungu z’Abahutu gusa, yirengagiza ko Abatutsi nabo bafite uburenganzira bwo kubaho. Twagirumukiza Antoine wari umukozi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kuva mu 1992-1994, ashimangira ko «habaye uguhohoterwa we na bagenzi be b’Abatutsi bagiye bakorerwa kugera ubwo abayobozi bari bakuriwe na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel baciyemo ibice abakozi, haba igice cy’Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Ngo byaje kugera n’aho abatutsi batahabwaga akazi bakitwa ingwizamurongo».527 Nk’uko byagarutsweho n’abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushaka-shatsi, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yateguye inama za perefegitura zanogeje umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, anakurikirana ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’imyanzuro yazifatiwemo.

RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Bagambiki Emmanuel yahunze igihugu ariko aza gufatirwa muri Togo ku wa 5 Kamena 1998, yohererezwa Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, kugira ngo aburanishwe ku ruhare rwe mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

527 Ubuhamya bwa Twagirumukiza Antoine mu muhango wo kwibuka abari abakozi ba Perefegitura, Superefegitura na Komini byahurijwe mu Ntara y’Iburengerazuba bazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ku cyicaro cy’Intara y’Iburengerazuba, Karongi, 2019.

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N’ubwo Ubushinjacyaha bw’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpana-byaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda butabashije kugaragaza ibimenyetso bidashidikanywaho bigaragaza uruhare rwa Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ni umuntu uri ku isonga y’abateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Nk’uko byemezwa na Sinzabakwira Straton wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera mu 1994, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yateguye anakoresha inama zitandukanye zikangurira Abahutu kwica Abatutsi. Sinzabakwira Straton atanga urugero rw’inama yo kuwa 11 Mata 1994, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel yayoboye ihuje abagize inzego zinyuranye zo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Iyo nama yafatiwemo ibyemezo byo kwica Abatutsi no gukangurira Abahutu kwitabira ubwicanyi528. Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel agarukwaho kandi kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Cyangugu cyane cyane ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bashimuswe muri Stade Kamarampaka, ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Kadasomwa, ku kibuga cy’umupira i Gashirabwoba, kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke n’ahandi.

- Superefe Munyangabe Théodore

Munyangabe Théodore mwene Sebuhoro Innocent na Nyirabije Anathalie yavukiye i Shangi mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, mu 1956. Mu 1994 yari Superefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ashinzwe ubukungu na tekeniki. Afatanyije n’umuyobozi we Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, Superefe Munyangabe Théodore yagize uruhare mu gutegura inama za Perefegitura zanogeje umugambi wa Jenoside, kandi aba umwe mu bashyize mu bikorwa imyanzuro yo kwica Abatutsi yafatirwaga muri izo nama. Superefe Munyangabe Théodore ni umwe mu bashimuse Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi abajyana muri Stade Kamarampaka, bamwe muri bo bicirwa mu nzira, mu Bushenge. Yagize kandi uruhare rutaziguye mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi n’ahandi.


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RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Superefe Munyangabe Théodore yatawe muri yombi ku wa 10 Werurwe 1995, ashinjwa n’abaturage kuba umwe mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Inkiko Gacaca zimuhanisha igihano cyo gufungwa burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.529 Akaba ufungiye muri Gereza ya Nyanza i Mpanga, mu Karere ka Nyanza.

- Superefe Kamonyo Emmanuel

Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Kamonyo Emmanuel mwene Mahuku Mathias na Ntawiyanga Thérèse yari Superefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ashinzwe imibereho myiza y’abaturage n’umuco. Yari atuye i Karambo mu mazu y’abayobozi b’iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Nk’uko byagarutsweho n’abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakatsi, Superefe Kamonyo Emmanuel yagize uruhare mu gutegura inama za perefegitura zanogereje umugambi wa Jenoside, aba kandi umwe mu bashyize mu bikorwa imyanzuro yo kwica Abatutsi yafatirwaga muri izo nama. Superefe Kamonyo Emmanuel ni umwe mu bashimuse Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri Stade Kamarampaka bajya ku bica nk’uko bisobanurwa na Kayumba Sébastien:

Ku wa 16 Mata 1994, Superefe Kamonyo Emmanuel ari kumwe na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, LT Imanishimwe Samuel, Sergent Major Ruberanziza Marc bitaga Bikomagu, Nchamihigo Siméon n’abandi bagiye muri Stade Kamarampaka bavuga ko mu nama y’umutekano bemeje ko bamwe mu bantu bari muri Stade bagomba kuvanwamo kugira ngo abasigaye bagire amahoro. Bari bitwaje urutonde ruriho amazina bateguye, maze bahamagara abo bifuzaga barimo na njye Kayumba Sébastien ariko sinitaba. Bahise batwara abantu 16 barimo Gatake Ananie, Sibomana Bénoit, Nkaka Bernard, Nzisabira Trojan, Ndorimana Appian, Twagiramungu Albert, Mihigo Rémy, Murekezi Fidèle, Mugabo Albert, Mugabo Dominique, Ibambazi Jean Pierre n’abandi. Abo bose

529 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Gihundwe A, Rusizi, 2009

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bagiye kubicira mu Gatandara kuri Brigade ya jandarumori yari hirya ya Hotel du Lac hamwe n’umugezi wa Rusizi.530

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Superefe Kamonyo Emmanuel yatawe muri yombi, ashinjwa n’abaturage kuba umwe mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Inkiko Gacaca zimuhanisha igihano cyo gufungwa burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.531

- Superefe Terebura Gérard

Kuva mu 1991 kugeza mu 1994, Terebura Gérard yabaye Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Rwesero muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Terebura Gérard yagize uruhare mu kunoza umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi cyane cyane muri Komini Kagano, Kirambo na Gatare. Mu gihe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiraga gushyirwa mu bikorwa, Terebura Gérard yashishikarije Abatutsi guhungira kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke, abakura hirya no hino mu giturage akoresheje imodoka y’akazi. Kubajyana kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke nti wari umutima w’urukundo yari abafitiye cyangwa umugambi wo kubakiza, ahubwo bwari uburyo bwo kubakusanyiriza hamwe kugira ngo kubica bizakorwe mu buryo bworoshye kandi vuba.532 Superefe Terebura Gérard yakurikiranye kandi iyicwa ry’Abatutsi ryabereye kuri Superefegitura ya Rwesero, kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika, kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke no hirya no hino muri Superefegitura ya Rwesero yari abereye umuyobozi.

RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza igihugu, Superefe Terebura Gérard yahise ahunga igihugu yerekeza muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Akaba yaraburanishijwe n’inkiko Gacaca adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamasheke rumuhanisha igifungo cyo gufungwa Burundu y’umwihariko kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.533

530 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sébastien mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 09 Ukwakira 2017.531 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Kamembe, Rusizi, 2009532 Alison Des Forges (1999), Aucun Temoin ne doit survivre, London: Human Rights Watch (HRW), 1999, p.72.533 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamasheke, Nyamasheke, 4 Ukuboza 008

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- Superefe Nsengimana Etienne

Nsengimana Etienne wakomokaga i Gitarama mu yahoze ari Komini Kayenzi, yari Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Bugumya ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa mu 1994. Nsengimana Etienne yagize uruhare mu kunoza umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, aba umwe mu bashyize mu bikorwa imyanzuro yo kwica Abatutsi yafatirwaga mu nama zitandukanye z’abayobozi yitabiraga. Abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi barimo Almas Géorge Daniel n’abandi, bashimangira ko Superefe Nsengimana Etienne yakurikiranye ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Nyakabuye afatanyije na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye.534 Amakuru atangwa n’abatanguhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi avuga ko yitabye Imana.535

- Sewabeza Jean Pierre

Sewabeza Jean Pierre yabaye Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kagano kugera mu 1993 ubwo yahindurirwaga imirimo aba Umunyamabanga wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, umwanya yafatanyaga no kuba Visi Perezida wa CDR ku rwego rwa Perefegitura. Mu gihe yari Burugumesitiri, Sewabeza Jean Pierre yaranzwe no kwibasira Abatutsi, abafungira ubusa ababeshyera ko ari ibyitso by’inyenzi, agahora abatoteza, bagakubitwa ndetse bakicishwa inzara. Sewabeza Jean Pierre yashishikarije kandi Abahutu kwanga no kwikiza umwanzi, ariwe Umututsi. Nka Visi Perezida w’ishyaka rya CDR, Sewabeza Jean Pierre yitabirye inama nyinshi zitegura ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, anagenzura ubwicanyi bwakorewe ahantu hatandukanye muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza igihugu, Sewabeza Jean Pierre yahise atabwa muri yombi ashinjwa n’abaturage kuba umwe mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Rukundo Charles, uri mu rwego rwa ba ruharwa, wireze akemera icyaha, ashinja Sewabeza Jean Pierre agaragaza ko, nk’umukuru wa CDR, yari abakuriye kandi ari mu bantu

534 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Almas George Daniel mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017.535 Ikiganiro na Sinzabakwira Straton, Kigali, Kanama 2019.

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babashishikarije kwica Abatutsi. Rukundo asobanura kandi ko byari byananiranye kwica Abatutsi i Nyamasheke maze Sewabeza afatanyije n’abandi barimo Brigadier Kalisa bafata imodoka, bakusanya Interahamwe bazizana kwica i Nyamasheke. Urukiko rw’Ikirenga ruri i Kigali rukaba rwaraburanishije Sewabeza Jean Pierre, maze ku wa 22 Ukuboza 2017 ahamwa n’ibyaha bya Jenoside, bityo rushimangira igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko yari yarakatiwe n’Urukiko Rukuru, Urugereko rwihariye ruburanisha ibyaha byo mu rwego Mpuzamahanga.536

- Gakwaya Callixte

Gakwaya Callixte yavukiye i Bumazi mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma. Yabaye Umwarimu, nyuma aba Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gisuma kugera mu 1993 ubwo yahindurirwaga imirimo ajya gukorera ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kugera mu 1994. Gakwaya Callixte yagize uruhare rutaziguye muri Jenoside yakorewe abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu cyane cyane muri Komini Gisuma.

RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza igihugu, Gakwaya Callixte yatawe muri yombi ku wa 8 Gashyantare 1995, kugira ngo aburanishwe ku ruhare rwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Gakwaya Callixte yahise ashyikirizwa ubutabera, aburanishwa n’Urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Cyangugu, Urugereko rwihariye. Urukiko rwahise rumuhamya ibyaha bya Jenoside, rwemeza ko yagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Komini Gisuma, cyane cyane mu bwicanyi bwabereye ku kibuga cy’umupira cy’i Gashirabwoba muri Komini Gisuma, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu. Ubu afungiye muri Gereza ya Mpanga mu Karere ka Nyanza.537,538

6.3 Abategetsi bo ku rwego rwa komini

Kimwe na Perefe, burugumesitiri wa komini yari ahagarariye ubutegetsi nyubahirizategeko ku rwego rwa komini. Burugumesitiri yashyirwagaho na Perezida wa Repubulika abisabwe na Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu.

536 Urubanza N° RPAA 0015/15 /CS; Kigali, kuwa 22/12/2017.537 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI, 2019.538 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NKURUNZIZA Chaste mu Karere ka RUSIZI, 2019.

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Burugumesitiri yari akuriwe na perefe, kandi afite ububasha ku bakozi ba Leta bakorera muri komini ayobora. Byongeye kandi, yari afite inshingano zo gukurikirana ibiba mu rwego rwo kubungabunga umutekano no kubahiriza amategeko. Aho kuzuza inshingano zabo, ba burugumesitiri bafatanyije na burigadiye ba komini bagize uruhare rutaziguye mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

- Burugumesitiri Mubiligi Justin Napoléon

Mubiligi Justin Napoléon mwene Kanyamisuri Céleman na Nyirabishingwe yavutse mu 1943. Mubiligi yavukiye ku Rwahi ariko aza gutura mu Mujyi wa Kamembe muri Cité. Mbere yo kuba Burugumesitiri, Mubiligi yabaye umupolisi ndetse na Percepteur.

Mubiligi Justin Napoléon yari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kamembe mu 1994. Afatanyije na Burigadiye wa Komini Gatera Casmir, banogeje umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe. Abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi bireze bakemera ibyaha bya Jenoside bemeza ko Mubiligi Justin Napoléon ari we watangaga amabwiriza yo guhiga no kwica Abatutsi hirya no hino muri komini yari abereye umuyobozi. Ikibabaje ni uko abakurikiranye iburanishwa rye mu Nkiko Gacaca, Mubirigi atigeze yemera ko mu Rwanda cyane cyane i Kamembe habaye Jenoside. Ku bwe ngo « ni abantu bicanaga hirya no hino ».

FPR-Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Burugumesitiri Mubiligi Justin Napoléon yahise atabwa muri yombi, ashinjwa n’abaturage kuba umwe mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Kamembe cyane cyane ku Nkanka no mu Mujyi wa Kamembe. Nyuma yo guhamwa n’ibyaha bya Jenoside, Inkiko Gacaca zamuhanishije igihano cyo gufungwa burundu.539 Akaba yaritabye Imana muri 2019 abarizwa muri gereza ya Rusizi.

- Somayire Célestin

Somayire Célestin yakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo ahitwa mu Gasura, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nyakarenzo.

539 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Nkanka, Rusizi, 2009

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Yakoze imirimo itandukanye yatumye aba uvuga rikijyana muri Komini yakomokagamo. Yabaye umwarimu, aba Inspecteur, aba na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gishoma yahanaga imbibi na Komini Cyimbogo.

Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Somayiri Célestin ni umwe mu bakandida bari batanzwe kugira ngo bazatoranywemo Burugumesitiri wa Komini Cyimbogo usimbura Habiyaremye Fabien wari umaze guhagarikwa. N’ubwo yari ataremezwa ku buyobozi bwa Komini Cyimbogo, ubuyobozi bwa Komini bwasaga nk’aho buri mu maboko ye kubera ko ari we wahabwaga amahirwe muri candidatures zari zatanzwe. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiraga gushyirwa mu bikorwa, Somayiri Célestin yahise yigira Burugumesitiri, ashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside muri Komini Cyimbogo no mu nkengero zayo.

Afatanyije na Murengezi Cyprien wari Umuyobozi w’Uruganda rwa SONAFRUITS, banogeje umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Komini Cyimbogo. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Somayire Célestin na Murengezi Cyprien bahunze Igihugu batinya kuryozwa ibyo bakoze muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Somayire Célestin yaburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Runyanzovu rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu y’umwihariko kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.540Murengezi Cyprien nawe yaburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa Kamembe B rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 19 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.541 Somayire Célestin na Murengezi Cyprien bakaba bari ku rutonde rw’abashakishwa n’Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda.

- Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome

Nkubito Jean Chrysostome mwene Ruhara Jean na Nyirasimbizi Vérédienne yavukiye ahitwa Kiremereye muri Gashonga, mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma. Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Nkubito Jean Chrysostome yari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gishoma.

540 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa Runyanzovu, Rusizi, 2008541 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa Kamembe B, Rusizi, 2007

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Yari umurwanashyaka ukomeye wa MRND, yanga urunuka Abatutsi. Ubwo kwica Abatutsi muri Komini Gishoma byatangiriraga ku isoko rya Gishoma, hicwa Mwarimu Nshamihigo Phillippe alias Ruseta nawe ubwe ahibereye, yashyigikiye abicanyi aho kubamagana. Kuva ubwo, aho gukumira ubwicanyi no kurenganura Abatutsi bicwaga yashishikarije Interahamwe guhiga no kwica Umututsi aho ari hose. Kubera urwango Nkubito Jean Chrysostome yari afitiye Abatutsi, yasabaga Interahamwe gukurikirana no gushakisha Umututsi aho ari hose akicwa, kugera aho yasabye ko Interahamwe zijya no muri Kongo gushakisha Abatutsi bahungiye.

RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Nkubito Jean Chrysostome yahunze Igihugu atinya kuryozwa ibyo yakoze muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yaraburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rukunguli rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya Burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.542. Akaba ari ku rutonde rw’abashakishwa n’Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda.

- Burugumesitiri Kamanzi Meshak

Kamanzi Meshak yari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Bugarama mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. Yari umurwanashyaka ukomeye w’ishyaka rya MRND ryateguye rinashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Afatanyije na Bigirumwami Jean wari Konseye wa Segiteri Muganza, Yusufu Munyakazi wari ukuriye Interahamwe mu Bugarama, Gatabazi Vénuste n’abayobozi b’uruganda rwa CIMERWA, bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Komini Bugarama. RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Burugumesitiri Kamanzi Meshak yahunze Igihugu atinya kuryozwa ibyo yakoze muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Mu 1996, Kamanzi Meshak yagarutse mu Rwanda avuye muri DRC, nyuma y’iminsi mike atabwa muri yombi, ajya gufungirwa muri Gereza ya Rusizi kugira ngo abashe gukurikiranwaho ibyaha bya Jenoside yakoze.

542 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rukunguli, Rusizi, 2008

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Abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi basobanura ko Kamanza Meshak yamaze igihe gito muri Gereza ahita arwara, bimuviramo kwitaba Imana ataburanishijwe ku ruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nyuma yo kwitaba Imana Umuryango we wahise ujya kuzana umurambo we, ushyingirwa iwe mu rugo mu Bugarama.543

- Burugumesitiri Nsengumuremyi Diogène

Nsengumuremyi Diogène yari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. Komini Nyakabuye ni yo yari yubatsemo ibiro bya Superefegitura ya Bugumya. Superefe wa Superefegitura ya Bugumya Nsengimana Etiènne wakomokaga i Gitarama mu yahoze ari Komini Kayenzi afatanyije na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye Nsengumuremyi Diogène hamwe na Bandetse Edouard wari umucuruzi ukomeye i Kamembe ari n’umubitsi (Tresorier) wa MRND ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, bakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ishyirwe mu bikorwa ku rwego rwifuzwaga n’abicanyi. Bagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye hirya no hino muri Komini Nyakabuye cyane cyane kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi, i Nyarushishi, kuri Paruwasi ya Nyabitimbo n’ahandi.

FPR-Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Burugumesitiri Nsengumuremyi Diogène yahise atabwa muri yombi, ashinjwa n’abaturage kuba umwe mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Nyakabuye. Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamarongo rukaba rwaramuhanishije igifungo cya burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.544

- Burugumesitiri Sinzabakwira Straton

Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Sinzabakwira Straton yari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera. Yari umurwanashyaka ukomeye w’ishyaka rya PSD. Afatanyije na Busunyu Michel wari Perezida wa MRND

543 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MURENGERANTWARI Davide mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Nzeri 2019544 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamaronko, Rusizi, 2008

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muri Komini Karengera, hamwe na Burigadiye wa Komini Mpanzarugamba Samuel bagize uruhare mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa-mubikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu no muri Komini Karengera by’umwihariko. Sinzabakwira yemera ko mbere y’uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ishyirwa mu bikorwa yagiye mu nama nyinshi zo kuyitegura, ndetse no mu gihe cya Jenoside ayobora ibitero byahitanye Abatutsi. Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi ya Mwezi, kuri Komini Karengera, i Nyamuhunga, i Ntendezi no hirya no hino muri Komini Karengera.

FPR-Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Burugumesitiri Sinzabakwira Straton yahungiye muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Atahutse yageze mu Rwanda atabwa muri yombi, ashinjwa n’abaturage kuba umwe mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Karengera. Kubera ko yari azi neza ibyo yakoze, yahise yirega yemera ibyaha, asaba imbabazi abo yakoreye ibyaha n’umuryango Nyarwanda. Nyuma yo kwirega, kwemera ibyaha no gusaba imbabazi, Inkiko Gacaca zamuhanishije igifungo cy’imyaka 20.545

Sinzabakwira Straton ntaterwa ipfunwe no gutanga ubuhamya ku byaha yakoze, anashishikariza abandi kwemera no gusaba imbabazi. Ubwo yahaga ikiganiro bagenzi be bafungwanywe muri Gereza ya Mpanga ku wa 14 Mata 2012, imbere ya Komiseri Mukuru w’amagereza mu Rwanda Gen. Maj Paul Rwarakabije wari wabasuye, yagaragaje mu buryo burambuye uruhare rwa Leta yariho mbere no muri Jenoside mu mugambi wo gutsemba Abatutsi, asoza asaba bagenzi be kwemera ibyaha bakoze, bakabisabira imbabazi. Yagize ati: “....., njye narireze nemera uruhare nagize muri Jenoside nk’uwahoze ari burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera. Yaba uwahoze ari umuyobozi mu gihe cya Jenoside n’uwari umuturage usanzwe mureke twese dusabe imbabazi kuko Jenoside yarabaye kandi ubuyobozi nibwo bwayikoresheje abaturage”.546 Ibyo bishimangirwa kandi n’ubuhamya yahaye Abanyamerika biganjemo Abayahudi barokotse Jenoside, basuye Gereza ya Mpanga kuwa 3 Mata 2014.

545 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Gihundwe A, RUSIZI, 2010546 Ikiganiro Sinzabakwira Straton yatanze muri Gereza ya Mpanga ku ruhare ubuyobozi bubi bwagize muri Jenoside yabaye mu Rwanda, 14 Mata 2012.

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Sinzabakwira Straton yabemereye ko yayoboye ibitero byahitanye Abatutsi ndetse mbere y’uko Jenoside iba yagiye mu nama nyinshi zo kuyitegura. Asobanura ariko ko yicuza ibyo yakoze akaba aharanira ko bitagira ahandi biba ku isi : “twakoze ibikorwa bibi umuntu atabonera ikigereranyo. Kandi ibihano twahawe ntaho bihuriye n’icyaha cya Jenoside twakoze, niyo mpamvu ku bwanjye nsaba imbabazi umuntu wese ngize amahirwe yo kubona kuko nahemukiye isi yose muri rusange namwe murimo”.547 Abazwa uko yumva amerewe nyuma ya Jenoside, yemeza ko nawe ubwe hari igihe yisuzuma akigaya ndetse akumva afite ipfunwe ryinshi ry’ibyo yakoze muri Jenoside.

Nyuma yo kurangiza igihano yahawe, Sinzabakwira Straton yasubiye mu buzima busanzwe aho abayeho mu mutekano usesuye nk’uko abisobanurira: “....., ngeze hanze nakiriwe n’umuryango wanjye, incuti n’abavandimwe. Nasanze umugore wanjye yaritabye Imana, ariko abana banjye biga, kandi barihirwa n’uwarokotse Jenoside. Byaranejeje cyane, ndamwubaha kandi nawe arankunda, tunafatanya mu bikorwa bitandukanye mu kwimakaza ubumwe n’ubwiyunge. Ubu ndisanzuye kandi umutima wanjye uratuje.”548

Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald warihiye amashuri abana ba Sinzabakwira Straton nawe asobanura ko yababariye uwamwiciye umubyeyi: “...., njyewe aho ngeze, buri wese ni ishusho y’Imana imbere yanjye, n’uwishe mama naramubabariye, ndihirira amashuri abana be, aherutse no gufungurwa, yari Burugumesitiri, kuko yaburanye yemera icyaha baramufunguye. Umugore we yapfuye akiri muri gereza, abana be ndabarihira, afite umukobwa we wiga Médecine ni njye umurihira, mu minsi micye araba yabaye Dogiteri.”549

Padiri Ubald asobanura ko muri rusange abanye neza n’uwamwiciye umubyeyi muri Jenoside nyuma yo gufungurwa, ndetse ko basigaye bafatanya kwigisha muri gahunda ye y’ivugabutumwa rigamije kwimakaza ubumwe n’ubwiyunge. Nk’uko Padiri Ubald abyemeza: “....., ubu turafatanya kandi mbona bimurimo kuko aho mubwiye ngo amfashe hose araza,

547 Ubuhamya bwa Sinzabakwira Straton, Mpanga, 03 Mata 2014.548 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Straton ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa

19 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.549 Padili Ubald asobanura uburyo asigaye afatanya gahunda ye y’ivugabutumwa rigamije kwimakaza

ubumwe n’ubwiyunge n’uwari burugumesitiri yababariye nyuma yo kumwicira umubyeyi, 19 Mutarama 2019

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njyewe nigisha ibyo gutanga imbabazi hanyuma nawe akigisha ibyo gusaba imbabazi. Mbona we bimurimo, ikibazo ni benewabo mbona ko bamwanga, ntibishimira ko avugisha ukuri. ”550

- Burugumesitiri Nsengumuremyi Fulgence

Nsengumuremyi Fulgence yari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gisuma mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. Yari umurwanashyaka ukomeye w’ishyaka rya MRND. Afatanyije na Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, Lt Imanishimwe Samwel na Nsabimana Callixte wayoboraga Uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha, Burugumesitiri Nsengumuremyi Fulgence yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu bwicanyi bwo ku wa 12 Mata 1994 bwakorewe imbaga y’Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku kibuga cy’umupira i Gashirabwoba. Na none ku wa 13 Mata no ku wa 14 Mata 1994, Burugumesitiri Nsengumuremyi Fulgence yafashe mikoro n’imodoka ya komini, azenguruka mu muhanda avuga ko hatagira uwongera kwica. Ibyo ariko byari amayeri kubera ko uwageragezaga kuva mu bwihisho yahitaga yicwa, kandi ubuyobozi bwa Komini ntihagire icyo bubaza. Ni muri icyo gihe hatanzwe amabwiriza yo kwifashisha imbwa mu guhiga Abatutsi bari bahungiye mu cyayi cya Shagasha.

RPF Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Nsengumuremyi Fulgence yahunze igihugu atinya kuryozwa ibyo yakoze muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yaburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Giheke, n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Munyove II rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi551,552. Akaba ari ku rutonde rw’abashakishwa n’Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda.

- Burugumesitiri Karorero Charles

Karorero Charles yari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gafunzo mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. Yari umurwanashyaka ukomeye w’ishyaka rya MRND. Burugumesitiri Karorero Charles yakurikiranye ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Komini Gafunzo cyane cyane ubwabereye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Shangi n’ahandi.

550 Ibidem551 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Giheke, Rusizi, 2008552 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Munyove II, Rusizi, 2008

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FPR-Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Burugumesitiri Karorero Charles yahise atabwa muri yombi, ashinjwa n’abaturage kuba umwe mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Gafunzo. Inkiko Gacaca zikaba zaramuhanishije igihano cyo gufungwa burundu.

- Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys

Kamana Aloys yari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kagano mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. Yari umurwanashyaka ukomeye w’ishyaka rya MDR. Afatanyije na Superefe Terebura Gérard, Sewabeza Jean Pierre na Burigadiye wa Komini Kagano Kabera bagize uruhare rutaziguye mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Komini Kagano, cyane cyane kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke, ku Rwesero, mu Gisakura n’ahandi. Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys yibukwa kuba yaratabaje Interahamwe zo muri Nyabitekeli ziyobowe na Uburiyemuye Epimaque bitaga PIMA kugira ngo zize kwica Abatutsi kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyamasheke, agerekaho no kubahemba nyuma yo kurimbura Abatutsi.

FPR-Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Burugumesitiri Kamana Aloys yahise atabwa muri yombi, ashinjwa n’abaturage kuba umwe mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Kagano. Yaraburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’ubujurire rwa Mukinja, mu Murenge wa Kagano, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside.553

- Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias

Mayira Mathias yari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Kirambo mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. Yari umurwanashyaka ukomeye w’ishyaka rya MRND. Afatanyije na Superefe Terebura Gérard na Ngezahayo Heslon, bagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Komini Kirambo no ku kibuga cy’umupira ahiswe kuri Croix Rouge, mu i Tyazo, i Kibogora, no hirya no hino muri komini.

553 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Mukinja, Nyamasheke, 2010

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FPR-Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias yahise atabwa muri yombi, ashinjwa n’abaturage kuba umwe mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Kirambo. Burugumesitiri Mayira Mathias yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’ubujurire rwa Gitongo mu Murenge wa Kanjongo, n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Nyamasheke mu Murenge wa Kagano, hose ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 25 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.554,555

- Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien

Rugwizangoga Fabien yari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gatare mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. Yari umurwanashyaka ukomeye w’ishyaka rya MDR. Afatanyije na Mukuru we Mazimpaka Innocent alias Nette na Superefe Terebura Gérard bagize uruhare rutaziguye mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Komini Gatare cyane cyane mu bwicanyi bwabereye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Hanika.

FPR-Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien yahise atabwa muri yombi, ashinjwa n’abaturage kuba umwe mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Komini Gatare. Yaburanishijwe n’Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Buhoro mu Murenge wa Macuba, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 25 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.556

6.4 Abayobozi mu nzego z’ubutabera

- Nchamihigo Siméon

Nchamihigo Siméon yavukiye mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ku wa 7 Kanama 1959. Mu 1994 yari Deputy Prosecutor muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. N’ubwo umwanya yariho utari ukomeye cyane, wari umwanya wubashywe, umugira uvuga rikijyana muri Perefegitura.

554 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Gitongo, Nyamasheke, 2009555 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Nyamasheke, Nyamasheke, 2010556 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Buhoro, Nyamasheke, 2009

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Nchamihigo Siméon yagize uruhare mu gutegura inama za perefegitura zanogeje umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, aba kandi umwe mu bashyize mu bikorwa imyanzuro yo kwica Abatutsi yafatirwaga muri izo nama. Nchamihigo Siméon ni umwe mu bashimuse Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri Stade Kamarampaka baricwa. Yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu gutegura ubwicanyi bwabereye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi, igice yari ashinzwe kugenzura nk’uko byari byemejwe mu nama y’umutekano yo ku wa 11 Mata 1994, bityo mu nama yo ku wa 14 Mata 1994 asaba ko Interahamwe zahabwa imbunda zo kwifashisha mu kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Nchamihigo Siméon yagize kandi uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku mashuri abanza ya Nyakanyinya n’ahandi.

FPR imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohora Igihugu, Nchamihigo Siméon yahungiye i Bukavu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Yakomereje muri Tanzaniya aho yafatiwe ku wa 19 Gicurasi 2001 yarahinduye amazina yiyita Sammy Bahati Weza.557 Icyo gihe yari umwe mu bakozi ba ICTR bakoraga iperereza ryunganira mu rubanza Ubushinjacyaha bwaregagamo Lt Imanishimwe Samuel.

Nyuma yo gutabwa muri yombi, yakurikiranywe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga rwashyiriwe u Rwanda rwa ICTR ku ruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nyuma yo gusuzuma ibimenyetso byatanzwe n’ubushinjacyaha. Urukiko rwemeje ko yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 40, igihano cyemejwe n’urugereko rw’Ubujurire ku itariki ya 18 Werurwe 2010.558

557 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Nchamihigo Siméon, CaseNo. ICTR-01-63-T, igika cya 7, urupapuro rwa 2-3.558 ICTR-01-63-T, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo NCHAMIHIGO Siméon, (Case No. ICTR- 01-63-T), Arusha, 2010.

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6.5 Abayobozi mu nzego za gisirikare, polisi na jandarumori

- LT Imanishimwe Samuel

Imanishimwe Samuel wavutse mu 1961 yakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. Yize amashuri yisumbuye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, mbere yo kwinjira mu ishuri rikuru rya gisirikare i Kigali (ESM). Samuel Imanishimwe yahuguwe kandi mu bya gisirikare mu Bubiligi. Yabaye umwarimu mu kigo cyigisha abasirikare cy’i Gako mu Bugesera, akora no muri Etat-major y’ingabo. Mu 1994 yari umusirikare ufite ipeti rya Liyetona, akuriye ikigo cya gisirikari cya Cyangugu cyari kizwi ku izina rya Karambo (Karambo Military Camp). LT Imanishimwe Samuel yagize uruhare mu gutegura inama zo ku rwego rwa perefegitura zanogeje umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, aba kandi umwe mu bashyize mu bikorwa imyanzuro yo kwica Abatutsi yafatirwaga muri izo nama. LT Imanishimwe Samuel ni umwe mu bashimuse Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri Stade Kamarampaka baricwa. Yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu gutegura ubwicanyi bwabereye ku Kibuga i Gashirabwoba, ashishikariza kandi abasirikari yari ashinzwe kuyobora kwitabira ibikorwa by’ubwicanyi hirya no hino mu Mujyi wa Kamembe no mu nkengero zawo.

FPR imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohora Igihugu, LT Imanishimwe Samuel yahungiye i Bukavu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Yakomereje i Mombasa muri Kenya afatwa ku wa 11 Kanama 1997 maze ashyikirizwa Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda kugira ngo akurikiranwe ku ruhare rwe muri Jenoside. Ni we musirikare wa mbere wakatiwe n’urukiko rwa ICTR, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 12, igihano cyemejwe n’urugereko rw’Ubujurire ku itariki ya 7 Nyakanga 2006.559

- Maj. Gd. Munyarugerero Vincent

Majoro Gd. Munyarugerero Vincent yakomokaga ku Gisenyi mu yahoze ari Komini Satinsyi. Munyarugerero Vincent yari umuyobozi wa jandarumori muri Perefegitura ya

559 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Minisitiri NTAGERURA André, BAGAMBIKI Emmanuel na IMANISHIMWE Samuel, (Ntagerura et al. (Cyangugu) ICTR-99-46)., Arusha, 2006.

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Cyangugu kugera mu mpera z’Ukwezi kwa Mata 1994 ubwo yasimburwaga na Lt Colonel Bavugamenshi Innocent. Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel, Superefe Munyangabe Théodore na Major Munyarugerero Vincent bagize uruhare rutaziguye mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Cyimbogo nyuma y’urupfu rwa Bucyana Martin. Majoro Munyarugerero Vincent ni umwe mu bashimuse Abatutsi bari bahungiye muri Stade Kamarampaka bajya ku bica. FPR imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohora Igihugu, Majoro Gd. Munyarugerero Vincent yahungiye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.

- Rukeratabaro Théodore

Rukeratabaro Théodore wiyise Tabaro ni mwene Binenwa na Mukaremera Euphasie. Yavukiye mu Kagari ka Kabahinda Segiteri Winteko, mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo, ubu ni Murenge wa Mururu Akarere ka Rusizi.

Mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Rukeratabaro yari Umujandarume. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, yahise afata iya mbere mu kuyobora ibitero byishe Abatutsi benshi muri Segiteri Winteko akomokamo, Segiteri Nyakanyinya na Mibilizi ahari hahungiye Abatutsi benshi.

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Rukeratabaro Théodore yahungiye muri Sweden, aho yageze mu 1998 maze abona ubwenegihugu bwa ho mu mwaka wa 2006. Yatawe muri yombi, akurikiranwa n’Urukiko rw’i Stockholm kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Igihugu cya Sweden cyanze kumwohereza kuza kuburanira mu Rwanda kubera ko yari yaramaze kuba umuturage waho.

Mu itangazo Umunyamabanga Nshingwabikorwa wa Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo Kurwanya Jenoside yasohoye rishimira ubutabera bwo mu gihugu cya Suède ku gihano cy’igifungo cya burundu bwahanishije Rukeratabaro Théodore nyuma yo guhamwa n’ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibyibasiye inyokomuntu muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Dr. Bizimana Jean Damascène atanga ingero z’ibitero bitandukanye Rukeratabaro yayoboye :

Igitero cyibukwa cyane ni icyo we ubwe yayoboye afatanyije n’abandi nka Karemera Modeste wari

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umucamanca, Katabarwa Jean wari Konsiye, Nsengumuremyi Jean n’izindi Nterahamwe nyinshi zo ku Winteko. Icyo gitero cyo ku itariki ya 9 Mata 1994 cyayobowe na we ubwe cyahitanye Abatutsi barimo Habakaramo Jean, Mudeyi Evariste n’abandi; ndetse Rukeratabaro we ubwe yica uwitwa Rudasumbwa Jean Marie Vianney wari umucuruzi. Kuri uwo munsi kandi Rukeratabaro yishe Nzamwita Aloys wari uzwi ku izina rya Gisakasaka amwiciye ku kabari ke (Rukeratabaro) kari gaherereye ku irembo ry’urugo rwa se umubyara. Bahitaga kuri burigade kubera ko inama zitegura ubwicanyi ariho zaberaga, hiciwe abantu benshi. Ku itariki ya 13 Mata 1994, Rukeratabaro yayoboye kandi igitero giturutse ku Winteko cyagiye kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku ishuri ribanza rya Nyakanyinya. Igitero cyishe abahungiye kuri iryo shuri cyarimo Interahamwe ziturutse muri Segiteri Mururu, Segiteri Nyakanyinya na Segiteri Winteko cyishe Abatutsi benshi, bicishwa amasasu, gerenade, imihoro n’amahiri. Rukeratabaro yayoboye kandi igitero cyaturutse ku Winteko kijya gufatanya n’abandi kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mibilizi. Rukeratabaro afatanyije n’izindi nterahamwe zo ku Winteko yari yagiye ayoboye basohoye mu bwihisho Senuma Albert wari umushoferi ku bitaro bya Mibilizi bajya kumwica, nyuma bagaruka ku Winteko bitwaje bimwe mu byo bamucuje birimo inkweto, amadarubindi (Lunettes) n’imyambaro.560

Ku wa 27 Kamena 2018, Urukiko rw’Akarere rwa Stockholm muri Sweden rwahanishije Rukeratabaro igihano cy’igifungo cya burundu nyuma yo kumuburanisha rugasanga ahamwa n’ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibyaha byibasiye inyokomuntu muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nyuma yo kujuririra, Urukiko rw’ubujurire narwo rwahamije ko akomeza gufungwa burundu.

560 Dr Bizimana Jean-Damascène, Itangazo rishimira ubutabera bwo mu gihugu cya Suède ku gihano cy’igifungo cya burundu bwahanishije Umunyarwanda Rukeratabaro Théodore, nyuma yo guhamwa n’ibyaha bya Jenoside n’ibyibasiye inyokomuntu muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, Kigali, ku wa 28 Kamena 2018.

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6.6 Abayobozi b’imitwe yitwara gisirikare

Iyahoze ari perefegitura ya Cyangugu yabarizwagamo Interaha-mwe zikomeye. Mu Nterahamwe zabaye ruharwa ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu harimo:

- Munyakazi Yusufu

Munyakazi Yusufu yavukiye mu yahoze ari Komini Rwamatamu Perefegitura ya Kibuye, ubu ni mu Karere ka Karongi, mu 1935, aza kwimukira mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi, mu 1960. Mu 1994 Yusufu Munyakazi yari umuhinzi n’umucuruzi ukomeye wacuruzaga ibyo yejeje muri Komini Bugarama. Yusufu Munyakazi yabaye kandi Perezida wa Banki y’Abaturage yo mu Bugarama. Nk’umuntu utari warize, Munyakazi yari umukire ukurikije imitungo y’abantu bo mu Bugarama. Munyakazi Yusufu wari umurwanashyaka ukomeye w’ishyaka rya MRND. Yashishikarije urubyiruko kwinjira mu mutwe w’urubyiruko rw’iryo shyaka. Kuva ubwo, Munyakazi Yusufu yahise aba umukuru w’Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama. Interahamwe ze zahawe imyitozo ya gisirikare yo mu rwego rwo hejuru. Athanase Ndutiye bitaga Tarake Aziz Makuza, wabaga muri imwe mu mazu ya Munyakazi Yusufu ni umwe mu batozaga izo Nterahamwe, kandi akuriye abazitozaga. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Sinzabakwira Straton wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera, yemeza ko Interahamwe za Munyakazi Yusuf zo mu Bugarama zari umutwe witwara gisirikare ukomeye cyane muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ufite ibikoresho bihagije kandi wahawe imyitozo yo kwica ihagije.561

Mu gihe cy’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Munyakazi Yusufu yayoboye Interahamwe ze mu bitero byagabwe kuri Parawusi Gatolika ya Shangi ku itariki ya 29 Mata 1994 no kuri Paruwasi ya Mibilizi ku itariki ya 30 Mata 1994. Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi zarenze kandi imipaka ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu zijya kwica ku Kibuye ku Musozi wa Kizenga kuwa 27 no kuwa 28 Mata 1994, zisubirayo kuwa 13 no kuwa 14 Gicurasi 1994 kwica Abatutsi mu Bisesero.


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FPR imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohora Igihugu, Munyakazi Yusufu yahungiye i Kamanyora muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Agezeyo yakomeje ibikorwa byo guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda. Munyakazi Yusufu yaranzwe no kohereza bamwe mu nterahamwe yahunganye nazo mu Rwanda zigamije kwica Abatutsi no gusenya ibikorwa remezo. Mu bamamaye muri ubwo bugizi bwa nabi harimo Gahutu, Minani André n’abandi bafatiwe cyane cyane muri Komini Karengera. Harimo kandi Nduwamungu, Ndamuzeye n’abandi. Mu 1996, Munyakazi Yusufu yavuye Kamanyora ahungira i Bukavu. Munyakazi Yusufu yaje gufatwa, yohererezwa Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda Arusha kugira ngo akurikiranwe ku ruhare rwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Nk’umuntu wari ukuriye Interahamwe zo mu Bugarama, Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda rwemeje ko yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 25, igihano cyemejwe n’Urugereko rw’Ubujurire ku itariki ya 28 Nzeri 2011.562

- Bareberaho Bantali Rypa

Bareberaho Bantali Rypa mwene Bareberaho Cyprien na Bapfakurera Atasha yavukiye UVIRA muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Mu 1994 yabaga muri Segiteri Gihundwe mu yahoze ari Komini Kamembe, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Gihundwe, Akarere ka Rusizi. Mu 1994, Bareberaho Bantali Rypa yari umuyobozi wa CDR ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ishyaka ryagize uruhare rutaziguye mu gutegura no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Mu mirimo isanzwe Bareberaho Bantali Rypa yari Agronome wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

Bareberaho Bantali Rypa yagize uruhare mu gutegura inama za perefegitura zanogeje umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, aba kandi umwe mu bashyize mu bikorwa imyanzuro yo kwica Abatutsi yafatirwaga muri izo nama.

562 ICTR-97-36A-T, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Yussuf Munyakazi, (Munyakazi Yusufu (ICTR-97-36A), Arusha 2011.

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FPR imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohora Igihugu, Bareberaho Bantali Rypa yahunze igihugu kubera gutinya ingaruka z’ibyaha yakoze. Ubwo Inkiko Gacaca zaciraga imanza abagize uruhare muri Jenoside, Bareberaho Bantali Rypa yaburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa Kamembe rumuhamamya ibyaba byo gucura umugambi wa Jenoside no kuwushyira mu bikorwa, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu.563 Akaba ari ku rutonde rw’abashakishwa n’Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda kugira ngo bakurikiranwe ku ruhare bagize mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

- Nyandwi Christophe

Nyandwi Christophe mwene Karyo na Nyirandabukiye yavukiye muri Rurama mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Karengera Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Mu 1994, yari Perezida w’Interahamwe muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, atuye hafi y’Ikibuga cy’indege cya Kamembe. Nyandwi Christophe yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu aho yakurikiranye ishyirwaho n’itozwa ry’Interahamwe hirya no hino muri Perefegitura, we ubwe atoza Interahamwe zo mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera yakomokagamo. Nyuma yo gutoza Interahamwe, yakurikiranaga ibikorwa bya zo mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Perefegetura ya Cyangugu. Nyandwi Christophe yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi mu Kadasomwa, kuri Stade Kamarampaka, kuri Katedrali ya Cyangugu, ku Nkanka n’ahandi. FPR imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohora Igihugu, Nyandwi Christophe yahise ahunga igihugu kubera gutinya ingaruka z’ibyo yakoze. Ubwo Inkiko Gacaca zaciraga imanza abagize uruhare muri Jenoside, Nyandwi Christophe yaburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa Kamembe rumuhamya ibyaba byo gucura umugambi wa Jenoside no kuwushyira mu bikorwa, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu.564 Akaba ari ku rutonde rw’abashakishwa n’Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda kugira ngo bakurikiranwe ku ruhare

563 Inkiko Gacaca, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa Kamembe, 2008564 Inkiko Gacaca, Imyanzuro y’urubanza rwa Nyandwi Christophe, Rusizi, kuwa 2 Ukwakira 2008

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bagize mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

- Bandetse Edouard

Bandetse Edouard mwene Nyamiramba na Nasure yavukiye muri Kigurwe mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nyakabuye, Akarere ka Rusizi. Mu 1994, Bandetse Edouard yari umubitsi (Trésorier) wa MRND ku rwego rwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Yari kandi umucuruzi ukomeye i Kamembe.

Bandetse Edouard ni umwe mu bakurikiranye itozwa ry’Interahamwe hirya no hino muri Perefegitura. Bandetse yateguye ibitero by’Interahamwe abyohereza kwica Abatutsi, akaba yibukwa cyane cyane ku bwicanyi bwabereye i Mibirizi ku wa 18 Mata 1994. Bandetse yakoresheje kandi amafaranga ashimira Interahamwe ku bwo kwica Abatutsi hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

FPR imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohora Igihugu, Bandetse Edouard yahunze igihugu kubera gutinya ingaruka z’ibyo yakoze. Ubwo Inkiko Gacaca zaciraga imanza abagize uruhare muri Jensoide, Bandetse Edouard yaburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa Kamembe rumuhamya ibyaha byo gucura umugambi wa Jenoside no kuwushyira mu bikorwa, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu.565 Akaba ari ku rutonde rw’abashakishwa n’Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda kugira ngo bakurikiranwe ku ruhare bagize mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

Uretse Interahamwe zo mu rwego rwa Perefegitura zavuzwe haruguru zamamaye mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Interahamwe zagiraga kandi abayobozi ku rwego rwa Komini. Abayobozi b’Interahamwe muri buri Komini bari bafite mu nshingano gukurikirana no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside umunsi ku wundi, ikibazo bagize bakakimenyesha abayobozi ba bo ku rwego rwa Perefegitura.

565 Inkiko Gacaca, Imyanzuro y’urubanza rwa Bandetse Edouard, Rusizi, kuwa 9 Ukwakira 2008

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6.7 Abayobozi b’inganda zakoreraga muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yagiraga inganda zitandukanye zifite abayobozi bagize uruhare rutaziguye mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Mu bamamaye mu bikorwa bya Jenoside harimo Sebatware Marcel, Ndorimana Casmir, Nsabimama Callixte na Murengezi Cyprien.

- Sebatware Marcel

Sebatware Marcel yakomokaga i Busogo mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Ruhengeri. Mu 1994, yari umuyobozi w’Uruganda rwa CIMERWA ruherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Muganza, Akarere ka Rusizi.

Sebatware Marcel yari umwe mu bavuga rikijyana, agishwa inama mu miyoborere ya Komini Bugarama ndetse na Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu gutegura inama za perefegitura na Komini Bugarama zanogeje umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, aba kandi umwe mu bashyize mu bikorwa imyanzuro yo kwica Abatutsi yafatirwaga muri izo nama.

Sebatware Marcel yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu gushyiraho no gutoza Interahamwe, kuziha ibikoresho, gukora amalisti y’Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa, no gushishishikariza Interahamwe kwica Abatutsi. Nk’uko Bapfakurera Jean wari umukozi mu ruganda rwa CIMERWA abisobanura:

Iyo Sebatware Marcel adashyigikira Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi haba hararokotse benshi, kuko hari n’abari barihishe mu ruganda, bahigwa bukware kugeza ubwo bakuwemo na bo baricwa bigizwemo uruhare na Sebatware Marcel.566

Ibyavuzwe na Bapfakurera bishimangirwa kandi n’ubuhamya Habaruremana Jean Paul yatanze mu Nkiko Gacaca, aho yasobanuriye inteko y’urukiko gacaca rw’umurenge wa Muganza ko, ubwo yari umuzamu kuri CIMERWA, hari impunda zazanywe na Lt Colonel Claudien Singirankabo, zihabwa Sebatware Marcel. Izo mbunda zikaba zarafashije Interahamwe

566 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAPFAKURERA Jean mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 03 Ugushyingo 2017.

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kwiga kurasa, zinakoreshwa muri Jenoside hirya no hino i Cyangugu.567 Sebatware Marcel akaba yarahunze igihugu atinya ingaruka z’ibyo yakoze. Akaba ari ku rutonde rw’abashakishwa n’Ubutabera bw’u Rwanda kugira ngo bakurikiranwe ku ruhare bagize mu itegurwa n’ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

- Ndorimana Casimir

Ndorimana Casimir yakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Mu 1994 yari Directeur technique w’Uruganda rwa CIMERWA, yungirije Sebatware Marcel. Yari umwe mu bavuga rikijyana muri Komini Bugarama no mu Ruganda rwa CIMERWA, akorana bya hafi n’umuyobozi we Sebatware Marcel. Ibyo byatumye ubwo Jenoside yari itangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa atumiza inama yanogeje umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi kuri CIMERWA, inama yabereye iwe ku mugano. Muri iyo nama hakozwe urutonde rw’Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa, hatangwa irangi ritukura ryasizwe ku mazu y’Abatutsi kugira ngo byorohere Interahamwe kumenya ingo z’Abatutsi bagomba kwicwa.568 Uretse kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi hirya no hino, Ndorimana Casimir yibukwa na none kuba ariwe watanze imodoka zatwaye interahamwe zigiye kwica kuri Paruwasi ya Nyabitimbo.569

FPR-Inkotanyi imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohoza Igihugu, Ndorimana Casimir yatawe muri yombi, ashinjwa n’abaturage kuba umwe mu bateguye banashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rwa CIMERWA no mu nkengero zarwo. Inkiko Gacaca zimuhanisha igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 30 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.570 Ubu afungiye muri gereza ya Rusizi.

- Nsabimana Callixte

Nsabimana Callixte yakomokaga mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Gisenyi. Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Nsabimana Callixte yayoboraga Uruganda rw’Icyayi

567 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, urubanza rwa Sebatware Marcel, Urukiko Gacaca rwa Muganza, 3 Mutarama 2008568 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MURENGERANTWARI Davide mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 28 Ukwakira 2017.569 Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, urukiko Gacaca rw’umurenge wa Muganza, urugereko rwa 3, Nzeri, 2007570 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Isha, Nyamasheke, 2010

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rwa Shagasha ruherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Gisuma, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Giheke, Akarere ka Rusizi. Afatanyije n’ubuyobozi bwa gisivile na gisirikari, Nsabimana Callixte yagize uruhare rutaziguye mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu Ruganda rwa Shagasha no mu nkengero zarwo. Byose byatangiye yumvisha Abahutu ko umwanzi igihugu gifite ari Umututsi kandi ko Umututsi aho ava akagera adashobora kubana n’Umuhutu.

Mu mugambi wo kwitegura Jenoside, Nsabimana Callixte yashyizeho Interahamwe ze, aziha ibikoresho, anazishishikariza guhiga no kwica Abatutsi. Ni bwo kuva ku wa 8 Mata 1994 Interahamwe zatangiye kwica Abatutsi begereye Uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha. Abatutsi bahungiye mu Ruganda rwa Shagasha, Nsabimana Callixte yatanze itegeko ryo kubapakira mu modoka babajyana i Mibirizi aba ariho bicirwa. Nsabimana Callixte yaranzwe kandi no guhemba Interahamwe mu gihe zabaga zivuye kwica Abatutsi.

FPR imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohora Igihugu, Nsabimana Callixte yahise ahunga igihugu kubera gutinya ingaruka z’ibyo yakoze muri Jenoside. Yaburanishijwe n’Inkiko Gacaca adahari, Inama rusange y’umurenge wa Isha imuhanisha igihano cyo gufungwa burundu kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.571

- Murengezi Cyprien

Murengezi Cyprien yari Umuyobozi w’Uruganda rwa SONAFRUITS rwari ruherereye muri Komini Cyimbogo. Murengezi Cyprien yari umuntu uvuga rikijyana muri Komini Cyimbogo. Mu mibereho ye ya buri munsi, Murengezi Cyprien yari asanzwe yanga Abatutsi. Uretse ku birukana mu kazi bazira ubusa, hari abari abakozi be yashishikarije kujya kwica bagenzi babo muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, atanga n’imodoka bifashishije bajya kwica. Nk’uko byemejwe na Mpabanzi Emilien, uwitwa Mugemana Gérard yishwe n’abakozi ba Murengezi Cyprien barimo Kayijuka Gérard, Jonas Mushimiyimana na Déo Nkekabahizi, maze bamaze kumwica bafata moto ye yagendagaho bayipakira mu modoka Murengezi Cyprien yari yabahaye, bayijyana mu ruganda. Bageze mu

571 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa Isha, Nyamasheke, 2007

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ruganda, Murengezi yabakiriye neza, agaragaza ko yishimiye akazi bakoze572.

FPR imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohora Igihugu, Murengezi Cyprien yahise ahunga igihugu kubera gutinya ingaruka z’ibyo yakoze muri Jenoside. Yaburanishijwe adahari, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa Kamembe B rumuhanisha igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 19 kubera uruhare yagize muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.573

Uretse aya mazina make tuvuze haruguru, hari abandi benshi bamamaye mu bikorwa by’ubwicanyi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Harimo abashyikirijwe ubutabera bahamwa n’ibyaha bakoze, hari n’abandi bahunze bagishakishwa.

6.8 Ababaye abayobozi mu nzego nkuru z’igihugu bakomoka mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bahakaba bakanapfobya Jenoside

Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ifite abantu batandukanye bari mu nzego nkuru za Leta bahunze igihugu, bageze mu mahanga bamamara mu mvugo n’ibikorwa bihakana bikanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ibitekerezo byabo bigoreka amateka ya Jenoside babikwirakwiza bifashishije itangazamakuru rya interineti, ibitabo n’ inama mbwirwaruhame bikorerwa hirya no hino ku isi. Abo barimo cyane cyane Twagiramungu Faustin na Ndagijimana Jean Marie Vianney.

- Twagiramungu Faustin alias Rukokoma

Twagiramungu Faustin, umukwe wa Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire wabaye Perezida wa mbere w’u Rwanda aba na perezida fondateur w’ishyaka rya MDR PARMEHUTU, ishyaka Twagiramungu yabereye umuyoboke n’umuyobozi mu 1991 ubwo ryongeraga kuzuka. Yavutse mu 1945, avukira mu yahoze ari Segiteri Ruhoko, Komini Gishoma, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nzahaha, Akarere ka Rusizi. Twagiramungu Faustin yabaye umuyobozi Mukuru wa Société de Transports Internationaux au Rwanda, sosiyete yari ishinzwe ubwikorezi mu Rwanda, nyuma avanwa ku buyobozi bwayo afungwa bavuga ko yanyereje umutungo w’ikigo ayobora.

572 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MPABANZI Emilien mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 14 Ukwakira 2017 573 Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge rwa Kamembe B, Rusizi, 2007

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Ubwo amashyaka menshi yongeraga kwemererwa gukorera mu Rwanda, Twagiramungu Faustin yahise aba umuyobozi w’impirimbanyi mu mashyaka yotsaga igitutu Perezida Habyarimana, aba umuyobozi wa MDR, ishyaka ryari ryarashinzwe na Sebukwe Kayibanda Grégoire. Mu gihe mu 1993 habaga ubwicanyi hirya no hino mu gihugu bugamije kuburizamo amasezerano ya Arusha, abataravugaga rumwe na Habyarimana barimo Twagiramungu Faustin na Gatabazi Félicien n’abandi bagombaga kwicwa. Kandi koko Gatabazi wari umunyamabanga w’ishyaka PSD yarishwe, Twagiramungu akizwa n’Inkotanyi.

FPR Inkotanyi imaze kubohora Igihugu, Twagiramungu Faustin yabaye Minisitiri w’Intebe ku wa 19 Nyakanga 1994 nk’uko byari mu masezerano yasinyiwe Arusha muri Tanzaniya hagati ya FPR Inkotanyi n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana.

Mu gihe kitarenze umwaka umwe gusa, Twagiramungu Faustin yasezeye ku kazi ka Minisitiri w’Intebe ku wa 31 Kanama 1995, ahita afata iy’ubuhingiro. Ubu yibera mu Bubiligi. Ageze mu buhungiro, Twagiramungu Faustin yaranzwe no kwemeza ko nta tegurwa rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ryabayeho. Mu rubanza rwa Ntakirutimana Elizaphan, ubwo yaburanishwaga n’Urukiko Mpanabyaha rwa ICTR rwashyiriweho u Rwanda, Twagiramungu Faustin yavuze ko nta mugambi wo kwica Abatutsi wariho, ko icyariho wari umugambi wo kwica abanyarwanda b’abanyepolitiki, Abahutu n’Abatutsi. Nk’uko Urukiko rwa ICTR rwanditse ubuhamya bwa Twagiramungu Faustin: « Les gens qui ont été tués n’avaient pas de couleur. Ils étaient des Rwandais noirs. L’intention n’était pas de tuer des Tutsi mais des Rwandais appartenant à l’opposition : hutu et tutsi. le génocide au Rwanda ne signifie nullement que ce sont les Tutsi qui ont été tués… »574. Twagiramungu Faustin akaba avuga ko abona harapfuye Abahutu benshi kurusha Abatutsi hagati y’umwaka wa 1990 n’uwa 1994.575

Muri iki gihe, Twagiramungu ni umwe mu banyapolitiki barwanya Leta y’u Rwanda, nta jya ashima ibyiza byagezweho, byose aranenga yirengagije ko yakoranye nayo, nk’umuyobozi

574 ICTR, Affaire Ntakirutimana Elizaphan, 5/2/2002575 ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Ntakirutimana Elizaphan na Ntakirutimana Gérard, Case No Case No ICTR-96-10, na No ICTR-96-17-T, 2003, Igika cya 317.

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mu nzego zo hejuru. Imvugo ye n’ibiganiro atanga mu binyamakuru no ku mpuga nkoranyambaga iteka biba byuzuye ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Akaba muri rusange ahakana akanapfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

- Ambasaderi Ndagijimana Jean Marie Vianney

Ndagijimana Jean Marie Vianney yavukiye mu yahoze ari Komini Cyimbogo i Mururu, ubu ni mu Karere ka Rusizi. Afite impamyabushobozi ihanitse mu mategeko yakuye muri Universite Luvanium i Kinshasa. Ndagijimana Jean Marie Vianney yakoze akazi gatandukanye muri Leta yateguye inashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Yakoze muri Ministeri y’ubutegetsi n’amajyambere y’abaturage nk’umujyanama wa Minisitiri Colonnel Alexis Kanyarengwe wasimbuwe na Minisitiri Thomas Habanabakize; akora muri Ambassade y’u Rwanda mu Bubiligi, nyuma aba Umunyamabanga mukuru muri Ministeri y’abakozi ba Leta, imirimo n’ihugurwa ry’abakozi kugeza muri Mutarama 1986. Kuva muri Mutarama 1986, Ndagijimana Jean Marie Vianney yagiriwe icyizere na Habyarimana, agirwa Ambassaderi w’u Rwanda Addis-Abeba, ahagarariye u Rwanda muri Etiopiya na Sudani, anahagarariye igihugu cy’u Rwanda mu muryango mukuru w’ibihugu by’Afurika wa OUA, no muli CEA ikigo cya UN gishinzwe ibibazo by’ubukungu muri Afurika. Urugamba rwo kubohora igihugu rutangiye mu 1990, yagizwe ambassaderi w’u Rwanda mu Bufaransa akorera i Paris kugeza muri Mata 1994.

Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa muri Mata 1994, Ambasaderi Ndagijimana Jean Marie Vianney yamaganye ibyabaga bituma ahagarikwa ku mirimo yakoraga nyuma yo kuvuga ko mu Rwanda Abatutsi bari gukorerwa Jenoside.

Nyuma yo kubohora igihugu no guhagarika Jenoside, Ambasaderi Ndagijimana Jean Marie Vianney yagarutse mu Rwanda, aba Minisitiri w’ububanyi n’amahanga muri Guverinoma yari iyobowe na Twagiramungu Faustin, umuturanyi we bakomokaga muri Perefegitura imwe ya Cyangugu. Nyuma y’amezi atanu gusa (Nyakanga 1994 – Ugushyingo 1994), Ambasaderi Ndagijimana Jean Marie yahisemo guhunga, asubira mu Bufaransa.

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Amaze guhunga, Ambasaderi Ndagijimana Jean Marie yashinze, anayobora ishyirahamwe ryitwa “Ibuka bose” rikorera mu Bubiligi. Ubu ni umwe mu bamamaza ko mu Rwanda habaye Jenoside ebyiri “double Genocide”. Ambasaderi Ndagijimana Jean Marie ubwe yanditse igitabo cyitwa “Paul Kagame a sacrifié les Tutsi”, ni ukuvuga ngo “Paul Kagame yararetse Abatutsi baricwa kugira ngo abyungukiremo”. Yanditse ikindi cyitwa “Rwanda : dialogue national d’outre-tombe”, ni ukuvuga ngo “Ikiganiro Abanyarwanda batabarutse bagiranye bahuriye ikuzimu”. Ibyo bitabo yasohoye mu icapiro yashinze mu Bufaransa ryitwa “Ingashya”(maison d’édition La pagaie), bikaba byuzuye ubuhakanyi bwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

6.9 Uruhare rw’impunzi z’Abarundi muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Ku wa 17 Nyakanga 1993 Ndadaye Melchior yatorewe kuba Perezida w’u Burundi. I Burundi inkuru yasakaye hose ko Ndadaye Melchior ari Umuhutu uyoboye igihugu cyari kimaze imyaka irenga 30 kiyoborwa n’Abatutsi.

Perezida Ndadaye Melchior amaze kugera ku butegetsi yagize ibibazo bikomeye impande zose, kuko uretse Abatutsi by’umwihariko, abasirikare benshi nti bamwibonagamo, ndetse n’Abahutu bari bamumereye nabi ngo ashyikirize inkiko Abatutsi bagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwagiye buba muri icyo gihugu bugahitana imbaga y’Abahutu.

Ibyo byatumye inshuro nyinshi abatavuga rumwe na Perezida Ndadaye Melchior bategura kumuhirika ku butegetsi. Byaje gushoboka koko kubera ko nyuma y’amezi atatu ayobora igihugu, mw’ijoro ryo ku wa 20 rishyira uwa 21 Ukwakira1993, Perezida Ndadaye Melchior yahise yicwa. Nyuma y’urupfu rwa Perezida Ndadaye Melchior, hadutse imvururu mu gihugu, abasirikare birara mu bayobozi, abategetsi b’Abahutu baricwa barimo Perezida w’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko Pontien Karibwami na Visi Perezida we Gilles Bimazubute ari nabo Itegeko Nshinga ryagenaga ko bashobora kumusimbura, abandi benshi bahunga Igihugu.

Zimwe mu mpunzi z’Abarundi ziganjemo Abahutu bahungiye mu Rwanda, umubare munini werekeza muri

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Perefegitura ya Cyangugu cyane cyane mu Bugarama. Bageze mu Bugarama bagiye mu baturage muri Bushenyi, Bugarama na Muganza ku rya VIII, abandi bajya kuri komini. Ubuyobozi bwa komini bumaze kubona ko bidakwiye ko impunzi zinyanyagira hirya no hino mu baturage, hafashwe umwanzuro wo kubahuriza hamwe mu Nkambi yashyizwe muri Muganza, mu Kigo cya CERAI, hafi y’ibiro bya Komini Bugarama.576 Abatujwe muri iyo nkambi bari bafite Radiyo bitaga Rutomorangingo yabanje gukorera mu ruganda rwa CIMERWA, nyuma iza kwimurwa ijyanwa mu Nkambi ku Muganza. Iyo radiyo yakorwagaho n’umudamu witwa Adéline wari umwe mu mpunzi z’Abarundi. Abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi bavuga ko ubutumwa bwatambukaga kuri iyo radiyo bwari bwuzuyemo ivangura rishingiye ku moko, bwimakaza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside kubera ko birirwaga bavuga ko Abatutsi ari babi, ko ari abicanyi, ko aribo babamenesheje, ko ari bo bishe Perezida Ndadaye.577

Impunzi z’Abahutu bo mu Burundi bamaze kugera mu Rwanda, bari abarakare kubera umujinya w’ibyo bari barahuye na byo. Ibyo byatumye urubyiruko rw’Abarundi rwahungiye mu Bugarama rwinjira mu mutwe w’Interahamwe za Yufusu Munyakazi, rukurikirana imyitozo hamwe n’abandi.578

Uretse Abarundi bari mu nkambi mu Bugarama, hari abandi Barundi bagizwe cyane cyane n’urubyiruko bari mu Nkambi ya Nyagatare muri Gihundwe n’i Nyarushishi muri Nkungu. Urwo rubyiruko rwagize uruhare mu gutanga imyitozo yahawe Interahamwe mu Nyagatare n’i Nyarushishi.

Hari kandi Abarundi bahunze binjira mu Rwanda banyuze mu Bweyeye, maze berekeza cyane cyane mu Kagari ka Rasano mu Murenge wa Bweyeye. Aho muri Rasano Abarundi bahahungiye bagarukwaho kuba baragize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, rwa rubyiruko rw’Abarundi rwinjiye mu Nterahamwe

576 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Rukundo Aimable mu Murenge wa Muganza, Akarere ka Rusizi, Ukwakira 2017577 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAPFAKURERA Jean mu Murenge wa Muganza, Akarere ka RUSIZI, Ugushyingo 2017578 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIKUZE Nicole mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 24 Ukwakira 2017

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rwifatanyije nazo kwica Abatutsi, bavuga ko nyuma yo kwica Perezida Ndadaye bishe kandi na Perezida Habyarimana, bityo ko bagomba kubahorera. Bicaga nta cyo bitaye ho kandi mu buryo bwihuse, bakoresha Imihoro, Inkota, n’imbunda dore ko hari bamwe bari basanganywe imbunda bahunganye.

Abarundi babaga mu Nyagatare bo bafatanyije n’Interahamwe kwica Abatutsi muri Mururu i Mutimasi, ababaga i Nyarushishi bafatanya n’Intehamwe batozaga i Nyarushishi. Abo mu Bugarama bo bari baramaze kuba bamwe n’Interahamwe za Munyakazi Yusufu, bahuje akazi ko guhiga no kwica uwitwa Umututsi wese. Ikibyemeza ni uko ubwo Interahamwe zajyaga kwica Abatutsi muri Muganza no kuri CIMERWA, Umurundi witwa Gatonde wari usanzwe ari umusirikare wafashije no gutoza Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi ari mu bambere bishe Abatutsi. Yibukwa kuba ari we Nterahamwe ya mbere yarashe muri CIMERWA, aba atangije ubwicanyi ku mugaragaro.579 Abarundi babaga mu Bugarama bashyize kandi bariyeri ku Muganza hafi na Komini Bugarama, kugira ngo hatagira Umututsi ucika. Uretse mu Bugarama, no muri Komini Gishoma Jenoside yatangijwe n’Interahamwe ziganjemo Abarundi. Ku wa 13 Mata 1994 Interahamwe ziganjemo Abarundi zagiye mu isoko rya Gishoma bisize ingwa, bafite inkota, ubuhiri n’amacumu, maze bahica Mwarimu Philippe Nshamihigo bitaga Ruseta, bamwica Burugumesiti Nkubito Jean Chrysostome areba. Nyuma yo kumwica, Jenoside yahise itangira mu buryo bweruye muri Komini Gishoma.580

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi imaze guhagarikwa na FPR Inkotanyi, za nterahamwe z’Abarundi zahise zisubirira iwabo i Burundi, ku buryo kugeza ubu nta n’umwe wigeze akurikiranwa ngo ahanirwe kugira uruhare muri Jenoside Nk’uko Nzigiyimana Michel abisobanura:

Impunzi z’Abarundi zari zarahungiye mu Buragarama mu 1993 ni zo zatije umurindi Interahamwe. Iyo Abarundi badatiza umurindi Interahamwe haba hararokotse Abatutsi benshi. Ariko tubabazwa n’uko

579 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MURENGERANTWARI Davide mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 28 Ukwakira 2017580 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZAJYIBWAMI Ferdinand mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017

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abo Barundi bifatanyije n’Interahamwe mu gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside batigeze bakurikiranwa, bakaba bidegembya iwabo mu Burundi.581

6.10 Uruhare rw’Abihayimana muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Amadini n’amatorero yo mu Rwanda atungwa agatoki kuba yaragize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Abayobozi bayo na bo ubwabo barabyiyemerera ndetse abenshi muri bo barimo na Papa Francis, Umushumba wa Kiriziya Gatolika ku Isi, basabye imbabazi Imana n’Abanyarwanda bose kubwo kuba baracecetse mu gihe cya Jenoside. Izo mbabazi Papa Francis yazisabye mu kiganiro yagiranye na Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame ku wa mbere tariki ya 20 Werurwe 2017, mu ruzinduko yari yagiyemo yitabiriye ubutumire bwa Papa Francis, i Vatican h’i Rome mu Butariyani.

Nk’uko bitangwamo ubuhamya n’abakirisitu batandu-kanye baturuka mu matorero atandukanye, mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abanyamadini benshi biyambuye umwambaro w’ubutambyi wari ukwiye kubaranga, bagira uruhare muri Jenoside mu gihe bari bakwiye gufata iya mbere mu kwamagana uwo mugambi mu bisha, bakemera no gupfa ari ko ntibijandike muri Jenoside.

Mu gihe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Abatutsi benshi bahungiye mu nsengero bari basanzwe bafata insengero nk’ahera bizeye ko bashobora kuharokokera. Kuhahungira ariko nta cyo byafashije kubera ko abenshi bahiciwe n’Abihayimana barebera, ndetse bamwe muri bo bifatanya n’abicanyi mu kwambura ubuzima Abatutsi bari babahungiyeho.

Kimwe n’ahandi hose mu gihugu, insengero na Kiliziya zo muri Perefegita ya Cyangugu ziciwemo Abatutsi benshi bazigannye bashaka ubuhungiro. Muho biciwe hari mu:

- Urusengero rwa Kiliziya Gatolika Paruwasi ya Nkanka; - Urusengero rwa Kiliziya Gatolika Paruwasi ya Shangi;- Urusengero rwa Kiliziya Gatolika Paruwasi ya Mibilizi;

581 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZIGIYIMANA Michel mu Karere ka Rusizi, ku wa 28 Ukwakira 2017.

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- Urusengero rwa Kiliziya Gatolika Paruwasi ya Nyabitimbo;- Urusengero rwa Kiliziya Gatolika Paruwasi ya Mwezi;- Urusengero rwa Kiliziya Gatolika Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke;- Mu kigo Nderebuzima cya Muyange iruhande rwa Kiliziya

Gatolika Paruwasi ya Muyange;- Urusengero rwa Kiliziya Gatolika Paruwasi ya Hanika; - Urusengero rwa ADEPR Paruwasi Ntura; - Urusengero rwa ADEPR Paruwasi Gihundwe; - Urusengero rwa ADEPR Paruwasi Bweyeye; - Urusengero rwa ADEPR Paruwasi Bugarama; - Urusengero rw’Abadiventisiti b’umunsi wa Karindwi rwa

Mukoma;- N’ahandi.

Nk’uko byavuzwe haruguru, Abihayimana nta cyo bakoze ngo barokore abahigwaga, ahenshi barabatereranye abandi biyambura umwambaro wera w’abatambyi bifatanya n’abicanyi mu kwica Abatutsi. Muri bo twatanga urugero rwa Padiri Mategeko Aimé na Padiri Ntimugura Laurent.

Padiri Mategeko Aimé

Padiri Mategeko Aimé mwene Mategeko na Mukamugemana yavukiye mu Bushenge mu Kagali ka Kagatamu ku wa 05 Kanama 1963. Kuva muri Nzeri 1990 kugera muri Mata 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Mategeko Aimé yari Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Hanika mu yahoze ari Komini Gatare.

Ku wa 11 Mata 1994 ubwo Abatutsi bicwaga kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika, Abatutsi baharokokeye basobanura ko umunsi wose bari kumwe na Padiri Mategeko Aimé. Nimugoroba nibwo Padiri Mategeko Aimé yavuganye na Burugumesitiri Rugwizangoga Fabien avuye mu nama i Cyangugu. Amaze kumva ko umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi wanogejwe, yahise abwira impunzi ko Leta yabatanze, abasaba kujya mu Kiriziya kugira ngo abasengere. Bamaze kugera mu Kiriziya, Interahamwe zahise zibagabaho igitero, Padiri n’abaturage basohoka mu Kiriziya biruka, Abatutsi benshi bicirwa mu Kiriziya, mu mazu y’abapadiri no mu nkengero za paruwasi.582 Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Hanika

582 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya Gatana Athanase na Mukangira Angelique mu Karere ka Nyamasheke, kuwa 23 Ugushyingo 2017

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bamaze kwicwa, Padiri Mategeko Aimé yahise ava i Hanika, ajya kuba mu rugo rwa Musenyeri i Cyangugu.

Ageze i Cyangugu, Padiri Mategeko Aimé yifatanyije n’Interahamwe kwambura ubuzima Abatutsi bari bahahungiye kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Shangi. Ku wa 27 Mata 1994 yagize uruhare mu ishimutwa ryakorewe Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Padiri Mategeko Aimé ari kumwe na Superefe Munyangabe Théodore, Barigira Félicien, Bipfubusa Malachias, Bimenyimana Jean bitaga Gakuru, Malakiya, Nsanzurwimo, Mutabazi, Konseye Rutaburingoga Aloys n’abandi, bagiye kuri Paruwasi ya Shangi. Bageze ku Kiriziya, bahamagaye impunzi z’Abatutsi bari i Shangi babakoresha igisa n’inama, bababwira ko hari abantu bakekwaho icyaha cyo kuba bafite imbunda, bityo ko bagiye kubashyikiriza Parike kugira ngo bakurikiranwe. Padiri Mategeko Aimé yahise afata lisiti yariho amazina y’Abatutsi bashakaga, uwo asomye agahita yinjizwa mu modoka. Batwaye abagabo bagera kuri 42 harimo Rwigara Samuel wahise yicwa bageze mu Bushenge.583 Bageze kuri Burigade ya Cyangugu, abasirikare barabakubise barabanoza, nyuma babajyana muri Stade Kamarampaka aho bamwe muri bo biciwe.584

Kuva ku wa 12 Gicurasi, Padiri Mategeko Aimé yoherejwe kuba i Shangi aho yasanze ababikira bari bakihari. Ageze i Shangi, Padiri Mategeko Aimé yaranzwe na none n’umutima mubi no gusesereza Abatutsi bake bari barokotse kugera bajyanywe mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi. FPR imaze guhagarika Jenoside no kubohora Igihugu, Padiri Mategeko Aimé yaburanishijwe n’inkiko, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gihundwe ruri i Shangi mu Murenge wa Shangi rumuhamya ibyaba byo gucura umugambi wa Jenoside no kuwushyira mu bikorwa, ahanishwa igihano cyo gufungwa burundu.585 Ubu afungiye muri Gereza ya Mpanga mu karere ka Nyanza.

583 Superefe MUNYANGABE Théodore, Ikiza ry’urubanza ry’Urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Cyangugu, Urugereko rwihariye ryo ku wa 6 Werurwe 1997.

584 Inyandiko z’inkiko Gacaca, inyandiko y’urubanza rwa MUNYENGABE Théodore, Padiri MATEGEKO Aimé na BIMENYIMANA Jean alias Gakuru, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gihundwe ruri i Shangi mu Murenge wa Shangi

585 Inyandiko z’inkiko Gacaca, inyandiko y’urubanza rwa MUNYENGABE Théodore, Padiri MATEGEKO Aimé na BIMENYIMANA Jean alias Gakuru, Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gihundwe ruri i Shangi mu Murenge wa Shangi.

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Padiri Ntimugura Laurent

Padiri Ntimugura Laurent yavukiye i Runyanzovu mu yahoze ari Komini Nyakabuye, mu 1942. Mu 1994, ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Padiri Ntimugura Laurent yabaga kuri Katedarali ya Cyangugu. Interahamwe zimaze kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri Paruwasi ya Mibirizi, Musenyeri yasabye Padiri Ntimugura Laurent kujya i Mibirizi gusimbura Padiri Mukuru Boneza Joseph wari umaze kumenyesha Musenyeri ko aho yari i Mibirizi abona ubuzima bwe buri mu kaga kubera ko nawe yahigwaga, bityo ko ashobora kwicwa. Kandi niko byagenze koko, kubera ko yishwe n’interahamwe ku wa 19 Gicurasi 1994 ubwo yavaga i Mibirizi ahungiye kwa Musenyeri i Cyangugu. Kuva mu 1996 ubwo Leta y’Ubumwe yari imaze gushyiraho itegeko rihana abagize uruhare muri Jenoside586, hatangiye ibikorwa byo kuburanisha abakekwaho kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nibwo Padiri Ntimugura Laurent yatawe muri yombi, afungwa akekwaho kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.587 Padiri Ntimugura Laurent yahise ashyikirizwa ubutabera, aburanishwa n’Urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Cyangugu, Urugereko rwihariye. Urukiko rwahise ruhamya Padiri Ntimugura Laurent kuba yaragize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, cyane cyane mu rupfu rwa mugenzi we Padiri Boneza Joseph yasimbuye i Mibirizi, ahanishwa igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20.

Amaze gukatirwa n’Urukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo rwa Cyangugu, Urugereko rwihariye, Padiri Ntimugura Laurent yajuririye igihano yahawe, ariko biba iby’ubusa, kubera ko Urukiko Rukuru, urugereko rwihariye rwamuburanishije mu bujurire, maze kuwa 24 Nyakanga 2001 rushimangira igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 20 yari yahawe mu rukiko rwa Mbere rw’Iremezo.588

Padiri Ntimugura Laurent yibukwa kandi n’abarokotse muri Stade Kamarampaka bemeza ko yaranzwe n’imvugo yo

586 Republic of Rwanda, Organic law N° 08/96 of 30/8/1996 on the organization of prosecutions for offences constituting the crime of Genocide and other crimes against humanity committed since October 1st, 1990, Official Gazette of the Republic of Rwanda, no 17 of 1/9/1996.

587 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NDORIMANA Jean, Kigali, 2019588 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casimir mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017.

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kwishongora ku Batutsi bari bahungiye muri Stade, kugera afashe umwanzuro wo kutongera kubagemurira ibiribwa, inshingano zahise zifatwa na mugenzi we Padiri Oscar Kabera.589

Nyuma yo kurangiza igihano yahawe, Padiri Ntimugura Laurent yafunguwe tariki ya 10 Nzeri 2016. Agifungurwa yashyikiye muri Evêché kwa Musenyeri Bimenyimana Damascène witabye Imana, akaba ariho abarizwa ubu.

Uretse aba bapadiri babiri tuvuze, hari abandi bihaye Imana batandukanye barebereye ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi hirya no hino mu Gihugu. Kugeza ubu hari abanyamadini benshi biyemerera ibyaha bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hari n’ababikurikiranyweho. Ni muri urwo rwego ku itariki ya 17 Kanama 2014 muri Stade Amahoro i Remera, abanyamadini bose barangajwe imbere na Apôtre Dr Paul Gitwaza: umuyobozi wa PEACE PLAN ihuza amadini n’amatorero yose mu Rwanda, yasabye imbabazi Abanyarwanda n’Imana kuba abanyamadini baratereye agati mu ryinyo mu gihe cya Jenoside na mbere yaho. Yagize ati:

Turagaya twivuye inyuma abakirisitu n’abayobozi b’amatorero n’amadini ya gikirisitu bishoye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bagatukisha Imana n’itorero. Turasaba imbabazi igihugu, by’umwihariko abarokotse Jenoside kuba tutaramaganye bihagije ivanguramoko ryagiye rirandaranda mu mateka y’u Rwanda no mu matorero n’amadini ya gikirisitu kugeza ubwo habaho Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Turasaba imbabazi Abanyarwanda batatubonyemo icyizere n’umutima w’imbabazi bari badutezeho igihe bari bugarijwe n’ubwicanyi bwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.590

N’ubwo kugeza ubu bigoye kubona itorero cyangwa idini ryiyemerera ku giti cyaryo kugira uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, ahubwo abanyamadini bakemera ko Jenoside yakozwe na bamwe mu bakiristo ba bo, bakabikora badatumwe n’idini cyangwa itorero, Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald ubarizwa muri Diyosezi ya Cyangugu yemeza ko nta dini cyangwa itorero na rimwe ritagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kubera

589 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYIGIRE Vincent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 16 Ukwakira 2017.590 Apotre Dr Paul Gitwaza, Kigali ku wa 17 Kanama 2014.

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ko na mbere ya Jenoside hari amatorero amwe n’amwe yigishaga ubutumwa burema ibice mu Banyarwanda.591

Muri rusange, amadini yari ashyigikiye ubutegetsi ku buryo n’ibyakorwaga na bwo yari abishyigikiye. Amadini yari amaze imyaka myinshi akorana na Leta, amaze kujya mu murongo wa yo ku buryo kuyamagana bitari bigishobotse. Ni byo byatumye na yo ajya mu murongo w’ubwicanyi maze Abatutsi batagira ingano baricwa kugeza Jenoside ihagaritswe n’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi nta dini na rimwe rigerageje kwamagana Leta y’abicanyi.

6.11 Uruhare rw’abihaye Imana bakomoka muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu ipfobya n’ihakana rya Jenoside

Mu rugamba rwo guhangana n’ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ni imwe mu bice by’igihugu bifite abihaye Imana bahunze igihugu, aho bageze mu mahanga bamamara mu bikorwa byo gukwirakwiza urwango n’amacakubiri, guharabika Leta y’u Rwanda, guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Mu bikorwa no mu mvugo zabo, ntibajya bishimira aho u Rwanda rugeze rwiyubaka, imibanire n’ubumwe bw’abanyarwanda nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe yakorewe Abatutsi. Muri bo harimo:

- Padiri Nahimana Thomas

Padiri Nahimana Thomas wiyise “Umutaripfana” avuka mu Murenge wa Nzahaha mu Karere ka Rusizi. Nyuma yo guhabwa Ubusaseridoti yakoreye imirimo y’ivugabutumwa muri Diyosezi ya Cyangugu, mu ma paruwasi ya Hanika, Muyange n’ahandi. Mu 2005 Padiri Nahimana Thomas yavuye mu Rwanda avuga ko umutekano we utameze neza, ageze i mahanga atangira politiki. Ubu aba mu Gihugu cy’Ubufaransa.

Padiri Nahimana yatangiye kumenyekana mu 2005 nyuma yo gutangiza igitangazamakuru gikorera kuri murandasi yise “Le Prophete.fr” tugenekereje mu kinyarwanda uru rubuga twarwita „umuhanuzi”. Icyo kinyamakuru ni nacyo akoresha kugeza magingo aya akwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Ku wa 28 Mutarama 2013, Padiri Nahimana yashinze kandi

591 Ubuhamya bwa Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald, 2014.

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ishyaka rya Politike yise “Ishema ry’u Rwanda”, maze aribera Umunyamabanga Mukuru.

Aho abarizwa mu mahanga, Padiri Nahimana Thomas arangwa n’imvugo y’ivangura moko n’amacakubiri bikomeye, akarangwa no kwibasira cyane cyane Abatutsi adasize n’Abahutu. Akunda kandi gukoresha imvugo yiganjemo gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Amwe mu magambo ya Padiri Nahimana Thomas yuje ivangura n’amacakubiri

Mu bihe bitandukanye, Padiri Nahimana yavuze amagambo y’ivangura moko n’amacakubiri arimo ko “Abahutu bameze nk’utwana tw’inkoko. Iyo ubarebye [Abahutu] ubona basa n’abatazi ko bafite ikibazo. Urabareba ukabona bameze nk’utwana tw’inkoko, udushwi tw’inkoko, turi gukinira munsi y’icyari cy’agaca ariko tutabizi nyine. Tukikinira ntitumenye no gucyenga.” Akomeza avuga ko: “Abahutu bafite ikibazo gikomeye muri kiriya gihugu, Abahutu bigijweyo, Abahutu baricwa […] icyo nshaka kubwira Abahutu, baramutse bumvise iminota 25 gusa ko bafite ikibazo muri kiriya gihugu, ko bigijweyo, bakabyumva iminota 25 , sinavuze Abahutu bose bari muri kiriya gihugu, 10% by’Abahutu; ikibazo cyabonerwa igisubizo mu mezi atandatu akurikiyeho. […] Abahutu aho bari simpazi, njye mbona badakurikira.”

Imvugo z’ivangura n’amacakubiri za Padiri Nahimana Thomas zinumvikanamo “gushishikariza abo yita Abahutu kwigaragambya no kubangisha ubutegetsi buriho mu Rwanda”. Yagize ati: “Nta bwo baramenyera guharanira ubwigenge muri bo ngo umuntu abeho yisanzuye ku giti cye ngo yumve ko uwashaka kubangamira ubwo burenganzira bwo kwishyira ukizana wahaguruka ukabirwanirira koko (simvuga ibyo kumena amaraso gusa) ariko Abahutu nibisuganye, kuki se bagomba kuba abagaragu igihe cyose? Kuki se bagomba kubashyira hanze y’ubutegetsi kuriya inzego zose zigafatwa n’Abatutsi bonyine bakabyemera ni ukubera iki? Kuki rwose bariya bantu batakwisuganya bagakanguka bakavuga bati turabyanze? […] Abahutu bari muri kiriya gihugu bavuze bati ntituzasubira ku kazi iminsi 15 biryamiye, (simbabwiye ngo bajye mu muhanda ngo babarase),…iminsi 15 biryamiye! Kuryama byananije nde? Byishe nde? Ibintu byahinduka.”

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Muri uwo murongo w’ivangura n’amacakubiri, Padiri Nahimana Thomas avuga ko ashyigikiye umutwe wa FDLR ugizwe ahanini n’abasize bakoze Jenoside yahitanye Abatutsi barenga miliyoni. Uwo mutwe ubarizwa mu mashyamba ya RDC, u Rwanda ntiruhwema kuvuga ko ari ikibazo ku mutekano w’Abanyarwanda. Icyakora ku bwa Padiri Nahimana we siko abibona. Avuga ko “FDLR yinyagambuye gato ikagaragaza ko hari ikintu ishobora gukora, ehh !! icyo gihe bavuga bati ibaye ikibazo reka turebe uko twaganira ariko FDLR ntiyigeze itera u Rwanda, ntinatera u Rwanda, nta bwo bazaganira rero.”

Amagambo ya Padiri Nahimana Thomas yuje ihakana n’ipfobya rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Mu nyandiko nyinshi n’ibiganiro Padiri Nahimana Thomas yagiye atangira mu bitangazamakuru binyuranye, yakunze guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, adasize gukora mu nkovu abayirokotse. Twavuga nk’aho yigeze kuvuga ko: “Leta ihora itaburura, irataburura ibiki bidashira? Bashyizeho umunsi umwe cyangwa ibiri mu gihugu muti mutaburure abantu bose bapfuye tubashyingure birangire?”Hari kandi n’aho yavuze ko “Uwajya mu mibare iri muri ziriya nzibutso mwakumirwa kuko mwasanga Abatutsi bishwe banditse ku nzibutso barenga miliyoni 20.’’

Mu mvugo isesereza ikanapfobya Jenoside, Nahimana Thomas yavuze kandi ko u Rwanda rucuruza amagufa y’inzirakarengane za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Yabivuze muri aya magambo: “…muri raporo bakoze y’amafaranga yinjijwe n’ubukerarugendo, ngo Gisozi ni hamwe mu hantu nyaburanga hinjije amafaranga menshi mu Rwanda hayinjiriza Leta. Urumva aho tugeze? Ba bandi bavuga ko bacuruza amagufa noneho barabyiyemereye ariko ni nako bimeze.”

- Le Prophete.fr: Umuyoboro wo gukwirakwiza ingenga-bitekerezo ya Jenoside no kugoreka amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Ingengabitekerezo y’urwango, ivangura n’ amacakubiri, ni byo byagiye biranga inyandiko za Padiri Nahimana zanyuze ku rubuga rwe rwa Le Prophete.fr. Padiri Nahimana Thomas avuga amateka y’u Rwanda atandukanye n’uko azwi kandi yigishwa, wabisesengura neza ugasanga ari ‘ukugoreka amateka no

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gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi’. Nahimana ashimangira ko kugeza uyu munsi ashyigikiye ibitekerezo bya PARMEHUTU n’ibikorwa byayo mu 1959, amatwara yashyizwe imbere cyane na Kayibanda na Habyarimana.

Muri rusange, Padiri Nahimana Thomas ni umwe mu bahakana bakanapfobya Jenoside bazwi ku Isi bakomoka mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Imvugo ye yuzuyemo amagambo adaha agaciro Umunyarwanda, avangura Abanya-rwanda, kandi yuzuyemo ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

Muri Kanama 2016 mu kiganiro Padiri Nahimana Thomas yagiranye n’igitangazamakuru cyitwa “Ikondera Infos”, yashimangiye ko yanga urunuka Abatutsi n’ubuyobozi bwa FPR-Inkotanyi.

- Padiri Rudakemwa Fortunatus

Padiri Rudakemwa Fortunatus wahoze ayobora Seminari nto yitiriwe Mutagatifu Aloys i Cyangugu akomoka mu Kagali ka Musebeya, Umurenge wa Nyakabuye, Akarere ka Rusizi. Mu 2004 nibwo yagiye i Burayi avuga ko agiye gusura abavandimwe be. Kuva ubwo ntiyigeze yongera kugaruka mu Rwanda. Azwiho kuba umwe mu bapadiri bashinze igitangazamakuru cya “Le Prophete.fr”.

Nyuma y’uko Padiri Fortunatus Rudakemwa na Thomas Nahimana batangije urubuga rwa internet bise “Leprophete-Umuhanuzi.fr” na “Vertasinfo”, bamamaye mu gukora inyandiko zisebya u Rwanda, zimakaza urwango no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Nk’uko byagarutsweho na Tom Ndahiro, ku itariki ya 23 Mata 2011, Padiri Rudakemwa Fortunatus yashyize ahagaragara inyandiko yibutsa imikorere y’ikinyamakuru Kangura. Iyo nyandiko yasohotse bucya ari Pasika itangirana izi nteruro: “CDR na FPR ni mahwi. Ndetse benshi bahamya ko FPR irusha CDR ububi.” Ibyo abivuga nk’ukuri, aho akoresha amagambo yo mu ivanjili, mu rwego rwo kumvisha abasomyi ko urwango yandika rufite inkunga ntagatifu. Niyo mpamvu Padiri Rudakemwa Fortunatus atangaho YESU umugabo ko ibyo avuga ari ukuri, maze agira ati: Aha rero nkaba nagusubirira nanjye mu byo Yezu yabwiye umugaragu w’umuherezabitambo mukuru agira ati ‘Niba mvuze nabi, garagaza ikibi mvuze; niba

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kandi mvuze neza, unkubitiye iki?’ (Yh 18, 23). ‘Nyanga urundi, wimpimbira”592. Padiri Rudakemwa Fortunatus akoresha kandi imvugo zimakaza urwango mu bitabo yandika. Mu gitabo cye yise ‘L’Evangilisation du Rwanda (1900-1959)’ kivuga ku ruhare rwa Kiliziya mu mateka y’u Rwanda, yavuzemo ko ubwo Umwami Mutara III Rudahigwa yatangaga, Musenyeri Perraudin yabyishimiye, akanatangaza amagambo aryanisha amoko. Igitabo kivuga ko yagize ati “Kayibanda ni Dawidi w’i Kabgayi naho umwami Rudahigwa ni Goliyati w’i Nyanza”.593 Kuba Padiri Rudakemwa Fortunatus yaragarutse kuri ayo magambo mu gitabo cye, nta kabuza yashakaga gushimangira imvugo ya Musenyeri Perraudin agamije kwerekana uburyo Kayibanda ari umuntu mwiza, mugihe Umwami Rudahigwa yari umugome, umwicanyi. Ibyo bigatuma abasomyi bagwa mu rujijo rwo kumenya aho ukuri guherereye.

Kuba Padiri Rudakemwa Fortunatus aha ishingiro CDR, akayishimagiza ayirutisha FPR, ni ikimenyetso kigaragaza urukundo afitiye CDR, agashimagiza ibyakozwe nayo harimo no kuba yarateguye ikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Iyo myumvire ye igaragazwa kandi no kuba ashimagiza Kayibanda uzwiho kuba yarimakaje urwango ku Batutsi, yica benshi muribo, abarokotse arabamenesha bahunga Igihugu. Kayibanda akaba azwi mu mateka y’u Rwanda nk’umwe mu batangije umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ibyo byose bishimangirwa kandi n’ibyavuzwe n’abaturage b’aho Padiri Rudakemwa Fortunatus avuka mu Kagari ka Musebaya mu Murenge wa Nyakabuye, barimo n’abavandimwe be, aho ku wa 10 Mata 2016, ubwo bari mu biganiro byo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 22 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bamaganiye kure Padiri Rudakemwa Fortunatus bashinja gushaka kongera kubabibamo ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Abo baturage bavuga ko “batagishaka kumva mu matwi yabo Padiri Rudakemwa Fortunatus ukomoka muri ako kagari kubera ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yabagarura mu bihe bibi nk’ibyo banyuzemo ashaka kongera kubabibamo. Ahubwo yafatwa

592 Tom Ndahiro, ku wa 26 Mata 2011 593 Ijambo rya Perezida wa Ibuka, Prof Dusingizemungu Jean Pierre mu muhango wo gushyingura imibiri 359 y’abatutsi bajugunywe mu myobo ine i Ndera, ku wa 24 Kamena 2018

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akabazwa amagambo yirirwa avugira ku mbuga za interineti agamije kongera gucamo Abanyarwanda ibice”.594

Padiri Fortunatus Rudakemwa na Padiri Thomas Nahimana bigisha ko habaye Jenoside ebyiri, iyakorewe Abatutsi ikozwe n’ubutegetsi bwariho mu Rwanda, yabangikanye n’indi Jenoside yakorewe Abahutu ikozwe n’ingabo za FPR. Umwanzuro ukaba ko ibyo bice byombi byakoze Jenoside ku mpande zombi bityo uruhare rwabyo rukaba rungana kandi bombi bakaba bagomba kujyanwa mu nkiko mu buryo bungana. Imvugo yabo kandi iragaragaza ko Jenoside yatewe n’intambara ya FPR, ko rero kuba Abatutsi barishwe ntacyo bitwaye kuko bishwe ari ukuryozwa ibyo bo ubwabo bakoze.

- Padiri Murengerantwari Théophile

Padiri Murengerantwari Théophile akomoka mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Ni mwene Karorero Charles wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gafunzo mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. Asigaye aba muri Canada, aho yashinze ishyaka rya politiki ryitwa MDPR595- INTIGANDA, ashyiraho n’urubuga rwa interneti rwitwa “Le Mediateur Umuhuza”.

Kimwe na Padiri Nahimana Thomas na Padiri Rudakemwa Fortunatus, Padiri Murengerantwari Théophile azwi kuba umwe mu bapadiri bakomoka muri Diyosezi ya Cyangugu bakwirakwiza urwango n’amacakubiri. Abinyujije ku rubuga rwe Le Mediateur Umuhuza, Padiri Murengerantwari Théophile akwirakwiza inkuru ziharabika Leta y’u Rwanda, zikwirakwiza politiki mbi z’amacakubiri, inzangano no kugandisha abo yita abayoboke be. Agamije gukomeza guhembera urwango n’amacakubiri mu Banyarwanda, Padiri Murengerantwari Théophile yamamaje igitekerezo cy’uko u Rwanda rwayoboka ubwami bugendeye ku itegekonshinga. Ibyo byatumye ashinga ishyaka rya politiki yise MDPR- INTIGANDA, rigamije kumvikanisha ibitekerezo bye bishishikariza abantu ibijyanye n’ubwami bugendeye ku itegekonshinga. Mu butumwa atanga abinyujije ku rubuga

594 Ibiganiro byo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 22 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Nyakabuye, Rusizi, ku wa 16 Mata 2016595 MDPR-INTINGANDA= Mouvement Démocratique du Peuple pour la Réconciliation

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rwe, Padiri Murengerantwari Théophile abwira abasoma ibyo yandika ko ishyaka rye nawe ubwe bavuga mu izina ry’Umwami Kigeli V Ndahindurwa.

Nyuma yo kubona ko guharabika ubuyobozi bw’Igihugu no gukwirakwiza ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ntacyo bizamugezaho, padiri Murengerantwari Théophile avuga ko kuva mu mwaka wa 2013 yahagaritse ibikorwa byose bya politiki ku bw’amabwiriza avuga ko yahawe n’abayobozi be muri Kiliziya. Ibyo avuga ariko ntibyakuyeho ko urubuga rwe Le Mediateur Umuhuza rukomeza gutambutsa inkuru ziharabika ubuyobozi n’Abayobozi b’u Rwanda, zikwirakwiza politiki mbi z’amacakubiri. Murengerantwari Théophile akaba yirengagiza ko kuba yitwa padiri atemerewe kujya mu bikorwa bya politiki.

Muri rusange, Padiri Thomas Nahimana, Padiri Fortunatus Rudakemwa na Padiri Théophile Murengerantwari bamamaye mu guhakana Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Bahakana Jenoside bishingikirije sitati y’abihaye Imana. Iryo hakana rya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ritera urujijo kuko riterura, ahubwo rigatwikirizwa amagambo meza ari mu ijambo ry’Imana kugira ngo ryakirwe n’abayoboke babo.

6.12 Uruhare rw’ingabo z’Abafaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

6.12.1 Igenda ry’ingabo z’amahanga zirimo n’iz’Abafaransa zari zisanzwe mu Rwanda

Kuva ku wa 8 Mata 1994 kugeza ku wa 14 Mata 1994, abasirikare b’Abafaransa baje gucyura bene wa bo bari mu Rwanda, babatwara mu cyo bise opération Amaryllis iyobowe na Général Henri Poncet, bahungisha Abanyaburayi bagera ku 1400 bari mu Rwanda. Abo basirikare bari bavuye i Bangui na Libreville. Bari bagizwe n’abasirikare ba 3ème RPIM na 8ème RPIM z’ingabo z’Abafaransa. Ibyo babikoze bazi neza ko hari inzirakarengane z’Abatutsi zirimo kwicwa hirya no hino mu gihugu. Kwicwa kw’Abatutsi nta cyo byari bibabwiye, kuko mu bushobozi bwa bo nta n’umwe bigeze bagirira ineza, ngo bamurokore, bamujyane, cyangwa basabe ko ubwicanyi bubakorerwa buhagarara.

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Kuva ku wa 10 Mata 1994 kugera ku wa 16 Mata 1994 haje kandi abasirikare b’Ababiligi b’abaparakomando mu gikorwa cyiswe: opération Silver Back cyari kigamije gucyura ababiligi n’abandi banyamahanga babaga mu Rwanda no gufasha abasirikare b’Ababiligi bari muri MINUAR gutaha. Muri icyo gihe haje kandi n’abasirikare b’Abatariyani bari mu cyo bise Opération Ippocampo Rwanda.

Gukura abanyamahanga mu Rwanda bikozwe n’ingabo z’amahanga no kugabanya umubare w’abasirikare ba MINUAR byahise byongera umuvuduko w’ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi muri Jenoside kubera ko abicanyi bari bamaze kubona ko nta muntu n’umwe uhari wo kugoboka Abatutsi bicwaga hirya no hino mu gihugu. Ibikorwa byo gucyura abanyamahanga byakurikiwe n’ishyirwaho rya Opération Turquoise.

6.12.2 Opération Turquoise596

Mu gihe byari bimaze kugaragara ko ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zirusha iza FAR imbaraga ku rugamba, ndetse ko ingabo za FAR zirimo gutsindwa, Guverinoma y’u Bufaransa yafashaga Guverinoma yakoraga Jenoside yatekereje gushyiraho icyo bise Opération Turquoise, bagamije gufasha Guverinoma yakoraga Jenoside no gukoma mu nkokora ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zashakaga kuyihagarika. Ni bwo ku italiki ya 18 Kamena 1994, u Bufaransa bwatangaje ko bugiye gushyiraho “Zone Humanitaire Sûre”. Kubera umubano guverinoma yakoraga Jenoside yari ifitanye n’Ubufaransa, bwabishyizemo ingufu nyinshi kubera ko butifuzaga ko FPR-Inkotanyi ifata ubutegetsi. Ibyo byatumye Ubufaransa bukora iyo bwabaga ngo icyifuzo cyabo cyemerwe n’Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe Umutekano ku isi. Nyuma yo kumvisha Umuryango w’Abibumbye ko bagiye mu bikorwa by’ubutabazi kubari mu kaga, Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe Umutekano n’Amahoro ku isi katoye umwanzuro No 929, wo ku wa 22 Kamena 1994, wemerera u Bufaransa kohereza ingabo zabwo mu Rwanda mu cyiswe “Opération Turquoise”. Nibwo ku itariki ya 23 Kamena

596 Opération Turquoise ni ubutumwa bw’ingabo 2500 z’u Bufaransa zoherejwemo mu Rwanda nyuma y’umwanzuro w’Akanama ka Loni gashinzwe umutekano, wo ku wa 22 Kamena 1994. Intego yari ‘uguhagarika ubwicanyi’. Izi ngabo zakoreye hafi y’umupaka w’u Rwanda na Zaïre mu duce twa Cyangugu, Kibuye na Gikongoro.

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1994 ingabo z’Abafaransa zatangiye kwinjira ku mugaragaro ku butaka bw’u Rwanda mu gikorwa bise “Opération Turquoise” cyemejwe n’akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye gashinzwe amahoro ku isi ku majwi 10 kuri 15.

Interahamwe z’i Cyangugu zimaze kumenya ko Abafaransa bagiye kuza mu Rwanda zanogeje umugambi wo kujya kwica Abatutsi bari mu nkambi ya Nyarushishi kugira ngo Abafaransa batazasanga bakiri bazima. Ni bwo ku wa 23 Interahamwe nyinshi zabyukiye i Nyarushishi ziherekejwe n’abagore n’abana bambaye imyenda y’imyeru ku buryo impunzi zabyutse zisanga zagoswe impande zose. Mu gihe ariko Interahamwe zari zitaratangira ubwicanyi ariko zamaze kugota inkambi, zitegereje amabwiriza yo gutangira kwica, Lt Colonnel Bavugamenshi Innocent yahise ahagera ari kumwe n’abajandarume, abwira Interahamwe ko bose bajya kwakira Abafaransa, impunzi azisigira abajandarume bo kuzirinda, ziba zirokotse icyo gitero. Ahagana isaa kumi (16h) ingabo z’Abafaransa zigera ku 2500 n’izindi 500 zaturutse mu bihugu birindwi bya Afurika (Sénégal, Guinée-Bissau, Tchad, Mauritanie, Egypte, Niger et Congo) zatangiye kwinjira ku mugaragaro ku butaka bw’u Rwanda zinyuze ku mupaka wa Rusizi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Aho ku mupaka bakiriwe na Minisitiri w’Ububanyi n’Amahanga Bicamumpaka Jerôme, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel n’Ingabo za FAR zihagarariwe na Lt Imanishimwe Samuel wari ukuriye ikigo cya gisirikari cya Cyangugu bitaga Camp Karambo. Bakiriwe kandi n’Interahamwe nyinshi zifite ibyapa byanditseho “Vive la France, Vive Mittérand, Vive nos amis les Français”.597

Mu gihe bakirwaga, abaturage bishimiye ukuza kw’abasirikare b’Abafaransa. Aho babanyuragaho ku muhanda, abagabo, abagore n’abana babagaragarizaga urukundo n’icyizere, bakavuga ko noneho ak’Inyenzi kashobotse. Interahamwe zibarirwa mu magana zifite imihoro n’ubuhiri nazo ntizatanzwe mu kugaragariza urukundo abasirikare b’Abafaransa mu gihe bambukaga bava muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo baza mu Rwanda. Nk’uko Niyitegeka Florien abisobanura, “aho banyuze hose Interahamwe zazamuraga imihoro n’indabo mu rwego rwo kubereka ko babishimiye”.598 Kwishimirwa

597 Ndorimana Jean, op. cit., p.99598 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIYITEGEKA Florien ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali ku wa 22 Werurwe 2018.

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kw’ingabo z’Abafaransa mu Rwanda bikaba byarashingiraga ku mubano mwiza u Rwanda rwari rusanzwe rufitanye n’u Bufaransa.

Abafaransa bageze i Cyangugu bagiye i Nyarushishi ahari inkambi yari iteraniyemo impunzi z’Abatutsi bari bararokotse hirya no hino muri Cyangugu. Colonel Didier Thibaut wayoboraga abandi ageze i Nyarushishi yasuhuje abari mu nkambi, abifuriza amahoro, asobanura ko baje mu butumwa bw’amahoro, ko bataje mu ntambara; yumvikanisha ko baje guhagarika ubwicanyi.599

Ubuyobozi bw’Ingabo za Opération Turquoise bwari bugizwe n’abasirikare bakomeye barimo Col Didier Tauzin, Col Jacques Rosier bari no muri “Opération Noroit” ubwo barwanaga ku ruhande rwa Habyarimana barwanya FPR Inkotanyi hagati ya 1991-1993 ndetse na Cmdt Saint Quentin wari umujyanama w’ingabo za Habyarimana. Ibyo bikagaragaza ko bari baje gufasha bagenzi babo basangiye urugamba kuva kera. Bigashimangirwa kandi n’uburyo bari bitwaje intwaro za karahabutaka zirimo indege z’intambara zirenga 30 ku buryo wakeka ko zigiye kurokora Abatutsi bari mu kaga, nyamara bya he byo kajya! Mu by’ukuri icyari kibazanye nta bwo byari ugutabara Abatutsi bicwaga ahubwo byari ugukoma mu nkokora Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zari zokeje igitutu abasirikare ba Guverinoma yari umunywanyi w’u Bufaransa ndetse no gushakira ubuhungiro ingabo zatsinzwe n’impunzi zirimo abari basize bishe Abatutsi hirya no hino mu gihugu.

Ingabo zoherejwe mu Rwanda muri Opération Turquoise zikaba zaragombaga gukorera mu cyiswe “Zone Humanitaire Sûre” yari igizwe n’izahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Gikongoro na Kibuye.

599 Rapport de la Commission nationale Independante chargée de rassembler les preuves montrant l’implication de l’Etat français dans le génocide perpetré au Rwanda en 1994, Novembre 2007, P.179

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6.12.3 Uruhare rw’ingabo z’Abafaransa zari muri Opération Turquoise muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Abasirikare b’Abafaransa baje muri Opération Turquoise bamaze kugera i Cyangugu, bigabyemo amatsinda, umubare munini usigara i Kamembe ku kibuga cy’Indege, abandi bajya i Nyarushishi, mu Bugarama, i Ntendezi no mu Kirambo. Kubera ko kandi bari bafite imodoka, biririrwaga batembera Cyangugu yose. Mu by’ukuri, Abafaransa ntibashishikajwe no kubungabunga umutekano w’Abatutsi, kubera ko hari benshi bishwe barebera kandi ubushobozi n’ibikoresho bari babifite byashoboraga gutuma barokora benshi.

6.12.4 Gukorana n’abicanyi bashyiraga mu bikorwa Jenoside

Abafaransa batangiye Opération Turquoise mu gihe hari hashize iby’umweru bigera ku 10 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi itangiye. Bageze mu cyo bise Zone Humanitaire Sûre, Abafaransa bakomeje gukorana n’inzego zariho kandi bazi neza ko barimo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi n’ubwo bo batayemeraga icyo gihe. Bisengimana Elisée wigishaga muri Groupe Scolaire i Gihundwe asobanura ko:

Abafaransa bageze i Cyangugu bakoranye n’abajanda-rume n’Interahamwe kuri za bariyeri mu mujyi wa Cyangugu, ku mupaka wa Rusizi n’ahandi. Bakoranye kandi mu bikorwa byo kugenzura umutekano (patrouilles). Abasirikare n’abajandarume bamaze guhunga, Abafaransa bakomeje gukorana n’Interahamwe, kandi bazi neza ko barimo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside. Kuri za bariyeri birirwaga bagenzura indangamundu, uwo basanganye indangamundu yerekana ko ari Umututsi, cyangwa ufite isura imugaragaza nk’Umututsi Abafaransa bakabagabiza Interahamwe zikajya kubica. Kuri bariyeri birirwaga kandi basaka abantu n’imodoka, abasirikare ba FAR bahunganaga n’abaturage bakabambura imbunda bakaziha Interahamwe bari kumwe kugira ngo bazifashishe mu gukomeza kwica Abatutsi.600

600 Rapport de la Commission Nationale Independante chargée de rassembler les preuves montrant l’implication de l’Etat français dans le génocide perpetré au Rwanda en 1994, Novembre 2007, P.181

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Uretse mu Mujyi wa Kamembe, hirya no hino muri Cyangugu Abafaransa bakoranaga n’Interahamwe. Nk’uko byasobanuwe na Segatarama Pierre, Abafaransa bari i Nyarushishi bakoranaga n’Interahamwe zabaga kuri bariyeri yari ku Kigo cy’imyuga cya Marcel ahitwa mu Numbwe hafi y’inkambi ya Nyarushishi. Iyo bariyeri yiciweho Abatutsi benshi Abafaransa bareba. Aho kuyisenya no kwirukana Interahamwe zayibagaho, Abafaransa bakomeje gukorana nazo, kandi bazi neza ko ari abicanyi.601 Kanamugire Gervais asobanura na none ko hari Interahamwe yitwaga Mousa yakomokaga i Mutimasi yakoranaga n’Abafaransa, bakirirwa bazengurukana mu nkambi i Nyarushishi kandi bazi neza ko yamaze Abatutsi.602

Gukorana n’Interahamwe byajyanaga no kuziha ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi birimo imbunda, amagerenade n’ibindi. Mubabihawe harimo Habimana Jean Bosco alias Masudi wahawe imbunda ya L4 na Gerenade ya M28, Masunzu, Ndihokubwayo Jean, Marcel, Habimana Anaclet, n’abandi. Hari kandi imbunda ebyiri bahaye Bandetse Edouard. Mu bo bahaye imbunda, hari abo bahitaga baha rubans y’umutuku yo kwambara, ikaba ikimenyetso kibemerera gukorana n’Abafaransa ku mugaragararo mu cyo bitaga kubafasha kurinda umutekano.603

Muri rusange, icyari Zone Humanitaire Sûre cyabaye indiri y’Interahamwe zari zishyigikiwe n’Abafaransa, bituma zikomeza umugambi wazo wo guhiga no kwica Abatutsi nta cyo zikanga. Hirya no hino Abatutsi birirwaga bicwa Abafaransa barebera. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Bagaruka Cassien wari umu pompier ku Kibuga cy’indege cya Kamembe, asobanura ko hari Abatutsi biciwe ku kibuga Abafaransa bareba:

Ku Kibuga cy’indege cya Kamembe, ahari hasanzwe hari Abafaransa benshi baje muri Opération Turquoise, hari Umututsi witwa Gratien nawe wari usanzwe ari umu pompier aho ku Kibuga. Amaze kubona ko Interahamwe zigiye kumwica, yahungiye ku Kibuga akeka ko Abafaransa bashobora kumurokora. Gratien

601 Ikiganiro Umushakashatsi yagiranye n’umutangabuhamya SEGATARAMA Pierre mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2018.602 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANAMUGIRE Gervais mu Karere ka Rusizi, ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2017.603 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NIYITEGEKA Florien ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali ku wa 22 Werurwe 2018.

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ahageze ariko Abafaransa ntibigeze bamurengera, baramuretse, maze Interahamwe zihita zimufata, zimwicira mu maso yabo.604

Hari kandi abiciwe i Ntendezi. I Ntendezi habaga bariyeri ikomeye cyane yirirwagaho Interahamwe zisaka abahunga bose, Abafaransa bakigira ntibindeba mu bwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi Interahamwe zahafatiraga. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Sinzabakwira Straton wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera, akaba nawe yarakundaga kuba ari kuri iyo bariyeri, yemeza ko Abafaransa nta cyo bafashije Abatutsi bicwaga. Dore zimwe mu ngero atanga:

Kuri bariyeri i Ntendezi nta muntu n’umwe washoboraga kuhanyura aterekanye ibyangombwa bye. Umunsi umwe ndi kumwe na Nyandwi Christophe n’izindi Nterahamwe twafatiye i Ntendezi Abatutsi batanu (5), Abafaransa basanga Interahamwe ziri kumwe nabo. Bahageze bavuye mu modoka, tuganira nabo kubera ko bari bamaze kumenyana na Nyandwi Christophe bahurira mu nama zitandukanye nk’umukuru w’Interahamwe, tubabwira ko turimo gushakisha umwanzi. Umwanzi bari bazi neza ko ari Umututsi. Bashimye akazi turimo gukora, batwizeza ubufasha aho biri ngombwa. Bahise burira imodoka, bikomereza urugendo, bagenda bazamura ibiganza berekana ko turi kumwe, ko badushyigikiye. N’ubwo bari bazi ko ba Batutsi twafashe bagomba kwicwa, nta cyo bigeze bakora ngo babuze Interahamwe kwica izo nzirakarengane. Bamaze kugenda, Nyandwi yahise ashyira ba Batutsi mu modoka ye, ajya kubica.605

Hari na none Umututsi wiciwe i Ntendezi, Abafaransa bahari. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Gashirabake Calixte:

Hari umusore Interahamwe zahagaritse ageze ku Kiraro cy’i Ntendezi, ubwo yarimo ahunga. Interahamwe zahise zimubaza ibyangombwa bimuranga (Indangamuntu).

604 Rapport de la Commission Nationale Independante, op. cit., p.189.605 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Straton ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.

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Ntakuzuyaza uwo musore yahise avuga ko nta mpamvu yo kubagora, ko we ari Umututsi. Ako kanya Interahamwe zahise zimutera icyuma, zimutsinda aho. Kuri icyo kiraro hari hicaye Abafaransa, bibonera uburyo Interahamwe zishe uwo musore, ariko nta cyo babivuzeho, baretse Interahamwe zikomereza akazi kazo ko kwica.606

Sinzabakwira Straton akomeza asobanura kandi ko Abafaransa nabo bishe Abatutsi bajya kubajugunya mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe.

Mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe ahitwa mu Gasare ho muri Komini Karengera, Abafaransa bahiciraga abantu, nyuma bakabashyira mu mifuka, bakaba-pakira mu ndege ya Kajugujugu, maze bakajya kubajugunya mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe rwagati. Abafaransa bishe abantu benshi babita ko ari ibyitso bya FPR Inkotanyi. Hari kandi imirambo bakuraga hirya no hino i Kamembe n’ahandi, nabo bakajya kubajugunya mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Aho kurengera ubuzima nk’uko bavugaga ko aricyo cyari cyabazanye, Abafaransa nabo babaye abicanyi, bafatanya n’Interahamwe mu kwica Abatutsi.607

Muri rusange, mu gihe ingabo z’Abafaransa zari i Cyangugu, nta cyo zakoze kugira ngo zikumire ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi. Ahubwo bakoranye n’abicanyi, barabashyigikira, babaha ibikoresho, Abatutsi bicwa batagira kirengera.

6.12.5 Kwigisha Interahamwe gusibanganya ibimenyetso bya Jenoside

Abafaransa baje muri Opération Turquoise bageze mu Rwanda Abatutsi benshi bamaze kwicwa hirya no hino mu Gihugu. Ubwo bambukaga uruzi rwa Rusizi, babonye imwe mu mirambo y’Abatutsi bishwe ireremba mu mazi y’uruzi rwa Rusizi no mu Kiyaga cya Kivu. Ibyo byarakaje Abafaransa cyane, maze batangira kubwirana umujinya Interahamwe ko batiyumvisha impamvu bica Abatutsi, nyuma bakemera ko imirambo yabo

606 Rapport de la Commission Nationale Independante, op. cit., p.183607 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SINZABAKWIRA Straton ukomoka mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 19 Ukuboza 2017 i Kigali.

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ireremba hejuru mu mazi. Babwiye Interahamwe ko haramutse hafashwe amafoto y’iyo mirambo byazateza ikibazo. Kuva ubwo bahise bigisha Interahamwe uko bagomba kubigenza kugira ngo imirambo y’abishwe ireke kureremba ku mazi. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Habimana Jean Bosco wari Interahamwe kabuhariwe akaba kandi yarakoranye igihe kirekire n’Abafaransa:

Nyuma yo kutubwira nabi cyane kubera imirambo y’Abatutsi bishwe muri Jenoside babonye ireremba mu mazi, batwunvisha ko haramutse hafashwe amafoto yayo byaba ari bibi cyane, Abafaransa batwigishije uko tugomba kubigenza kugira ngo imirambo itongera kureremba ku mazi. Basobanuriye Interahamwe ko zigomba kujya zibasatura inda, nyuma bakuzuzamo amabuye kugira ngo imirambo ijye hasi mu mazi aho kureremba. Nibwo bahise binjira mu bwato, berekeza ku mirambo yararembaga mu mazi, maze bakoresheje ibyuma bari bafite bya bainnettes babasatura inda, amazi arabamanura. Bashakaga gusibanganya icyagaragaza ko Jenoside irimo gushyirwa mu bikorwa.608

Nk’uko byasobanuwe haruguru kandi, Abafaransa bajugunye imirambo myinshi y’Abatutsi mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe rwagati, ahantu bitari byoroshye kugera; ibyo byose bakabikora bagamije gusibanganya ibimenyetso bya Jenoside.

6.12.6 Kurebera ubwicanyi bwakomeje gukorerwa Abatutsi mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi

Abafaransa bageze mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi, aho bagomba kurinda impunzi z’Abatutsi, ubwicanyi bwakomeje gukorerwa Abatutsi. Kubera ko impunzi zahabwaga ibiryo nta nkwi zo kubitekesha, byari ihame ko impunzi zijya hanze y’inkambi gushakisha inkwi. Uwasohokaga mu nkambi wese Interahamwe zahitaga zimwica abasirikare b’Abafaransa bareba. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Segatarama Pierre:

Hari impunzi z’Abatutsi zageragezaga kujya gushaka ibyo kurya kubera inzara, Interahamwe zigahita zibica abasirikare b’Abafaransa bareba. Mu bishwe

608 Rapport de la Commission Nationale Independante, op. cit., p.182, 188.

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harimo Ndoreyaho na Kazungu bene Sekuvumba wo muri Matare, bishwe nabi batwitswe n’Interahamwe ku manywa y’ihangu Abafaransa bareba. Abo basore bavuye mu nkambi bajya gushaka inkwi zo gutekesha mu ishyamba rigana i Mutimasi, ariko bagira ibyago Interahamwe zirabafata. Abo basore batwitswe Abafaransa bareba, ariko ntawigeze ashaka kubatabara.609

Inkambi ya Nyarushishi yari ikikijwe kandi na bariyeri z’Interahamwe ziciweho Abatutsi benshi Abafaransa barebera. Izo bariyeri Abafaransa bazinyuragaho umunsi ku wundi, Interahamwe ziziriho ariko ntihagire icyo babakoraho kandi bazi neza ko nta kindi bahakora uretse kwica Abatutsi. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Gasarasi Aloys wari Interahamwe kandi akorera kuri bariyeri yari hafi y’inkambi ya Nyarushishi, yemeza ko hari umugore, umwana n’umusore bakomokaga ku Winteko biciye aho kuri bariyeri. Asobanura kandi ko bishe Abatutsi basohotse mu nkambi bagiye gushaka inkwi barimo Charles na mwene Sembeba. Bamaze kubica, imirambo bayijugunye mu cyobo cyari hafi ya bariyeri. Aho kugira ngo Abafaransa basenye iyo bariyeri, ahubwo bahembaga Interahamwe kubaha ibiryo (rations de combat), bakanakorana muri patrouilles za n’ijoro. Bimaze kugaragara ko FAR yatsinzwe, Abafaransa nibwo babujije Interahamwe gukomeza kwica, banga ko ingabo za FPR zazihorera. Ahubwo bahise badushishikariza guhunga Igihugu byihuse610. Kanyemera Aloys we yemeza ko hari Abasore babiri b’Abatutsi batewe gerenade n’Abafaransa ubwo bari bavuye mu nkambi bagiye gushaka inkwi, bahita bitaba imana611. Muri rusange nta cyo Abafaransa bigeze bakora ngo baburizemo ubwicanyi n’ihohoterwa rya hato na hato byakorerwaga Abatutsi bari mu Nkambi i Nyarushishi. 6.12.7 Gusambanya abakobwa n’abagore ku ngufu

Abafaransa baje muri Opération Turquoise bageze i Nyarushishi batambagijwe inkambi yose, ari nako bagenda bafata amafoto. Muri icyo gihe, bagendaga bareba abari muri

609 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SEGATARAMA Pierre mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 19 Ukwakira 2018.610 Rapport de la Commission Nationale Independante, op. cit., p.193611 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KANYEMERA Aloys mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2018.

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burende. Nyuma y’iminsi igera kuri itatu, bari bamaze kumenya ahaherereye abagore n’abakobwa, maze batangira kujya baza kubatwara bakajya kubasambanya ku ngufu, mu gihe bari bashinzwe kubarinda. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Kambogo Constance:

Abafaransa bafataga abakobwa ku manywa y’ihangu bakabasambanya. Bazaga mu nkambi, bakazenguruka, bakagenda basohora abakobwa muri za burende, maze bagatoranya abo bashaka, babeshya ko ari abo kujya kubakorera isuku. Ibyo ariko twaje kumenya ko byabaga ari ibinyoma, ko ahubwo babaga bagiye kubasambanya ku ngufu. Mu kubatoranya bavugaga ko bakeneye abakobwa bafite mu nda hato n’amabere mato. Bamara gutoranya abo bishimiye, bahitaga babajyana mu mahema yabo, babagezayo bakabasambanya ku ngufu, abana bakagaruka bataye umutwe.612

Mu basambanyijwe ku ngufu i Nyarushishi harimo Claudine wari ufite hagati y’imyaka 14 na 15. Kumusambanya ku ngufu byamuviriyemo guhungabana kugera abaye nk’umusazi. Hasambanyijwe kandi Mukayiranga Mado, Mukayeze Pascasie, Mukayitesi Jacqueline, Umulisa, abana b’abakobwa bari bavuye muri EAV Ntendezi, n’abandi. Bakorerwaga kandi ibikorwa by’ubunyamaswa birimo kubashyiramo urusenda, kubasambanya mu kanwa, mu kibuno, bakabafata amafoto babambitse ubusa, n’ibindi. Abarangije bahitaga babahererekanya biyamira ko ari beza, ko batandukanye n’abakobwa n’abagore b’iwabo. Nyuma yo kubasambanya ku ngufu, bababeshyeshyaga kubaha ibiryo (rations de combat cyangwa biscuit).613

Uretse mu Nkambi ya Nyarushishi, Abafaransa basambanyije ku ngufu abagore n’abakobwa ku Kibuga cy’Indege cya Kamembe, kuri Stade Kamarampaka n’ahandi. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Habimana Jean Bosco wari Interahamwe, asanzwe kandi akorana bya bugufi n’abasirikare b’Abafaransa, dore ko bari baramuhaye n’imbunda, Abafaransa bari muri Stade bamusabye kubashakira abakobwa bo gusambanya

612 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAMPOGO Constance mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 2 Ugushyingo 2017.613 Rapport de la Commission Nationale Independante, op. cit., p.194-196

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cyane cyane Abatutsi, bavuga ko aribo batabateza ikibazo mu gihe byamenyekana. Habimana Jean Bosco asobanura ko:

Ubwa mbere yabazaniye abakobwa babiri. Uwa mbere yitwaga Béata, yari afite imyaka nka 15. Habimana Jean Bosco avuga ko yamukuye i Mururu, kandi yari amaze kumenya neza ko ari Umututsi. Bamaze kumusambanya Abafaransa basabye ko Interahamwe zitamwica. Uwa kabiri yitwaga Mukasine Florence wari afite imyaka nka 14. Habimana Jean Bosco avuga ko we yamukuye muri Segiteri ya Winteko, muri Serire Bugayi, aho yari yihishe nyuma yo kwicirwa umuryango. Ageze muri Stade Kamarampaka yarasambayijwe bikomeye, kuburyo bamurekuye atakibasha gutambuka. Nawe bamaze kumusambanya basabye ko Interahamwe zitamwica. Nyuma yo kubazanira abakobwa bo gusambanya Abafaransa bamuhembaga ibiryo (rations de combat na boites de conseves).614

Béata na Mukasine Florence bafashwe na Habimana Jean Bosco bari barabashije kugera mu Nkambi i Nyarushishi, ariko baza gufatwa ubwo bari basohotse bagiye gushakisha ibyo kurya aho bakomoka, kubera ko abaturanyi babo bari baratangiye guhungira muri Kongo, bityo bakumva ko bashobora kugerayo, bagafata ibyo kurya, maze bakagaruka mu nkambi. Ibyo ariko ntibyabahiriye, kubera ko bafashwe na Habimana Jean Bosco wari usanzwe akorana n’Abafaransa, ahita ababashyikiriza. Nyuma yo gusambanywa ku ngufu, Béata na Mukasine Florence bagize amahirwe yo kongera kugera i Nyarushishi, baza no kurokoka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi.

Habimana Jean Bosco asobanura kandi ko uretse muri Stade Kamarampaka, n’i Nyarushishi yashakiraga Abafaransa abakobwa bo gusambanya ku ngufu:

Hari umukobwa w’imyaka nka 19 yajyaniye umu-sirikare amukuye nko mu Kirometero cyose. Umusirikare yahise amusambanya ku ngufu. Kubera ko uwo bazaniraga umukobwa wo gusambanya yagombaga gutanga ration de combat nk’igihembo,

614 Rapport de la Commission Nationale Independante, op. cit., p.198

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uwo musirikare we yarayimwimye. Habimana Jean Bosco yahise arakara, ajya ku muregera umuyobozi we, amubwira ko natamuha ration de combat ahita yica uwo mukobwa. Umusirikare yahise amusubiza ngo nashake amwice, ko ibyo bitamureba. Ako kanya Habimana Jean Bosco yahise amwicira mu maso yabo, umurambo awusiga aho.615

6.12.8 Kurebera Interahamwe zisenya ibikorwa remezo

Mu gihe byari bimaze kugaragara ko ingabo za FAR zatsinzwe urugamba, ingabo z’Abafaransa bari muri “Operation Turquoise” baranzwe no gukingira ikibaba ingabo za FAR n’abayobozi ba Guverinoma ya Sindikubwabo Théodore bahungaga berekeza muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Muri icyo gihe Abafaransa baranzwe no kurebera ibikorwa remezo byangizwa n’abahunga, birimo kuba Interahamwe zarasenye uruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha maze rusahurwa Abafaransa bahari barebera. Ibitaro bya Mibiriza nabyo byasenywe Abafaransa barebera, kimwe n’uruganda rwa CIMERWA, n’ahandi. Mu gihe abaturage n’Interahamwe babaga basenya ibikorwa remezo, Abafaransa bavugaga ko baje kurinda abantu ko batazanywe no kurinda ibintu. Ibyo bikagaragaza agahinda Abafaransa batewe no kubona ingabo n’ubutegetsi bari baje kurwanirira batsindwa, bityo gusiga igihugu bakigize umuyonga bakabibonamo igikorwa cyo gushyigikirwa.

6.12.9 Gusahura

Uretse kurebera abangizaga ibikorwa remezo, abasirikare b’Abafaransa bashyigikiye Interahamwe mu gusahura ibikoresho bitandukanye hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, bakajya kubigurisha i Bukavu muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Bisengimana Elisée, abasirikare b’Abafaransa babaga ku mupaka ku Rusizi, bemereraga Interahamwe kwambutsa ibyo zabaga zasahuye birimo ibikoresho byo mu biro, ibicuruzwa byasahuwe mu maduka, inzugi n’amadirishya, amabati, ibikoresho byo kwa muganga, imiti n’ibindi. Interahamwe zamaraga kubyambutsa


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zigahita zibigurisha abakongomani ku mafaranga make cyane, adahuye n’agaciro kabyo.616

Uretse Interahamwe, Abafaransa ubwabo nabo bagize uruhare mu gusahura muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Kayitsinga Abdallah wari utuye hafi y’Ikibuga cy’indege cya Kamembe cyabagaho abasirikare b’Abafaransa asobanura ko:

Abafaransa bagiye gusahura mu ruganda rw’Icyayi rwa Shagasha na Gisakura. Bafataga imodoka, bakajya mu ruganda, bagapakiramo imifuka ya Kaki yuzuyemo icyayi cyatunganyijwe, nyuma babijyana muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.617

Nk’uko byemezwa na Habimana Gonzague wari umusirikare wa FAR na Ndikubwabo Jean wari Interahamwe, ndetse na Bagaruka Cassien wari umu pompier, Abafaransa basahuye imodoka bajya kuzigurisha muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Habimana Gonzague asobanura ko „Abafaransa bari kuri bariyeri kuri Hotel des Chutes batse impunzi imodoka ebyiri za Toyota bajya kuzigurishiriza i Bukavu”. Ndikubwabo Jean abishimangira ashingiye ku kuba we ubwe yarafashije Abafaransa gushaka abakiriya bo kugura imodoka, aho yemeza ko we ubwo yabafashije kugurisha imodoka zigera ku icumi (10). Yari umu commissionnaire, bamuhemba hagati y’amadorari 20 na 30 kuri buri modoka yaboneye umukiriya. Bagaruka Cassien wari umu pompier ku Kibuga cy’Indege cya Kamembe yemeza kandi ko Abafaransa basahuraga imodoka zitandukanye zabaga zifite plaques privées, bakajya kuzigurisha muri Kongo; akemeza kandi ko Abafaransa basahuye imodoka ya Camionnette Daihatsu yari iya Regie des aéroports hamwe na groupe électrogène, babijyana muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.618

6.12.10 Kubungabunga umutekano w’Abayobozi, abasirikare ba FAR n’Interahamwe bahungira muri Kongo

Bimaze kugaragara ko abasirikare ba FAR batsinzwe n’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi, Abafaransa bashishikarije Abaturage guhunga, bashakira Interahamwe n’abasirikare ba FAR inzira

616 Rapport de la Commission Nationale Independante, op. cit., p.203617 Rapport de la Commission Nationale Independante, op. cit., p.200618 Rapport de la Commission Nationale Independante, op. cit., p..202-203

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ibajyana muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Congo, maze bose bahunga mu mutekano usesuye, bitwaje ibikoresho byabo byose. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Surwumwe Bernard wari muri FAR, mu nzira banyuzemo umutekano wabo wari ucunzwe n’Abafaransa:

Kuva ku Kibuye twerekeza i Cyangugu, inzira twanyuzemo yari irinzwe n’Abafaransa bari muri Opération Turquoise. Bari bashyizeho bariyeri ahantu hatandukanye harimo i Gishyita muri Kibuye, i Ntendezi muri Cyangugu, n’ahandi. Twagendaga tuziko umutekano wacu ucunzwe, kuko twari dusanzwe dufitanye imikoranire myiza n’Abafaransa. Tugeze i Cyangugu twahacumbitse igihe gito cyane, nyuma dukomereza i Bukavu muri Kongo. Tugeze i Bukavu, Abafaransa bakomeje kutuba hafi, nibo bambutsaga ibikoresho bya gisirikare byacu, bakabitugereza mu nkambi i Panzi. Jenerali Bizimungu na Minisitiri w’Intebe Kambanda baje kuhadusanga bari muri Kajugujugu, bari kumwe n’Abafaransa babiri.619

Ibyo bishimangirwa kandi na Bihembe Jean Baptiste wari Commandant wa Aeroport ya Kamembe usobanura ko Abafaransa bahungishije abayobozi bakoresheje indege zabo, babatiza n’imodoka nini (camions) zo kwambutsa ibikoresho byabo byose. Abayobozi bahungishije mu ndege (Helicoptère) bamwe babajyana muri Camp Panzi, abandi muri Camp Sayo, abandi bababajyana ku Kibuga cy’Indege cya Kavumu. Abafaransa bahungishije kandi ibikoresho by’abayobozi birimo n’imodoka ya Minisitiri Eliezer Niyitegeka na Colonnel Kanyamanza bapakiye mu ndege, babijyana muri Kongo.620

6.12.11 Gushishikariza Abaturage guhunga igihugu

Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda imaze gutangira imirimo kuva ku wa 19 Nyakanga 1994, Abatutsi bakomeje kwicwa nk’ibisanzwe muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Gikongoro ndetse na Kibuye zari muri “Zone Humanitaire Sûre”, igice cyagenzurwaga n’Abafaransa n’abajenosideri, kubera ko Interahamwe zari zicyidegembya kandi zishyigikiwe n’Abafaransa. 619 Rapport de la Commission Nationale Independante, op. cit., p.180620 Rapport de la Commission Nationale Independante, op. cit., p.203-204

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Uko iminsi yagendaga ishira ariko, Interahamwe, FAR n’Abafaransa babonaga ko ibintu bigenda biba bibi, ko batsinzwe, bituma bamwe batangira gufata umwanzuro wo guhunga berekeza muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Interahamwe zerekeza cyane cyane ku Ijwi n’i Bukavu. Ibyo ariko nabyo ntibyahagaritse ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga Abatutsi. Mu gihe cyose Interahamwe zahunze zabonaga amakuru ko hari Abatutsi batishwe, bakihishe ahantu runaka, nyuma hakamenyekana aho bari, Interahamwe zahitaga zigaruka mu Rwanda kubica, zarangiza zikitahira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Banyuraga ku mupaka no mu mazi ntacyo bikanga, Abafaransa bakabareka bakambuka n’ibikoresho byabo nta nkomyi.

Abafaransa bamaze kubona ko ibyo guhanyanyaza bitazashoboka, batangiye gufatanya n’Interahamwe n’abayobozi gushishikariza abaturage guhunga. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Bisengimana Elisée, Abafaransa n’abayobozi bazengurutse mu mujyi wa Kamembe, bakoresha indangururamajwi basaba abaturage guhunga. Ubutumwa batangaga bwagiraga buti:

Turamenyesha abaturage bose ko kuva ejo abasirikare b’Abafaransa bazaba batakibarizwa i Cyangugu. Umujyi wa Cyangugu uzahita ufatwa n’Inkotanyi, kandi mumenyeshejwe ko zizahita zica uwo zizahasanga wese. Turasaba abaturage mwese guhita muhungira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo mbere y’uko umusirikare wa nyuma w’ubufaransa ava ku butaka bw’u Rwanda. Mwese muraburiwe!!621

Kubera icyizere abaturage bari bafitiye abasirikare b’Abafaransa, bahise bagira ubwoba bwinshi, bumva ko birangiye, ko nta gisigaye uretse guhunga mu buryo bwihuse. Nibwo bahise batangira kwisenyera, bakisamburira amazu, bahunga ku bwinshi berekeza i Bukavu muri Kongo, bavuga ko bavuye mu Rwanda ubutazagaruka. Hari n’abagiye batwarwa n’uruzi rwa Rusizi, bagerageje koga bambuka kubera ko ku mupaka hanyuraga abantu benshi cyane, bakuwe umutima n’Abafaransa babumvishije ko Inkotanyi zibari inyuma kandi ko zigiye kubica.


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6.13 Gutsindwa k’umugambi w’u Bufaransa no kuva mu yahoze ari Cyangugu

Kugera ku itariki ya 17 Nyakanga 1994 Inkotanyi zari zimaze kwigarurira hafi Igihugu cyose, hasigara igice cyiswe “Zone Humanitaire Sûre” cyari kigizwe na Perefegitura za Gikongoro, Cyangugu na Kibuye, cyari mu maboko y’ingabo z’Ubufaransa. Ku wa 19 Nyakanga 1994, hagiyeho Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda ihuje amashyaka yose ataragize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, nk’uko byateganywaga mu murongo w’amasezarano y’amahoro ya Arusha. Guverinoma y’Ubumwe (Gouvernement d’Union Nationale) yari ikuriwe na Perezida Pasteur Bizimungu yungirijwe na Visi Perezida Paul Kagame wari na Minisitiri w’Ingabo. Minisitiri w’Intebe aba Twagiramungu Faustin, Umunyacyangugu ukomoka muri Komini Gishoma. Ibyo byagaragaje neza ko Guverinoma yiyise iy’abatabazi, yaranzwe no gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatsinzwe n’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi. Ibyo byababaje cyane abasirikare b’Abafaransa bari muri Opération Turquoise, maze bafata umwanzuro wo gushishikariza abaturage ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu guhunga.

Nk’uko Sinzabakwira Straton abivuga, kubera ko Cyangugu yarimo impunzi nyinshi zaturutse hirya no hino mu gihugu, kuva ku wa 15 Kanama 1994 impunzi zatangiye kwambuka umupaka zihungira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Ku wa 20 Nyakanga 1994, guhunga byafashe intera yo hejuru, impunzi nyinshi zerekeza muri DRC, ab’i Cyangugu basenya inzu zabo bavuga ko bagiye ubutazagaruka mu Rwanda. Ibyo ariko ntibyabujije ko Abatutsi bakomeza kwicwa kubera ko Interahamwe zari zicyidegembya hirya no hino muri Cyangugu kandi zishyigikiwe n’Abafaransa bari muri Opération Turquoise.622

Sinzabakwira Straton akomeza asobanura ko Interahamwe n’ingabo za FAR nabo bamaze kubona ko mu by’ukuri batsinzwe, hamwe n’abaturage bari baratsimbaraye bafashe umwanzuro wo guhunga igihugu, bamwe berekeza i Bukavu abandi berekeza ku Ijwi. Abasirikare berekeje muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo banyuze ku


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mupaka wa Rusizi ya II, abasivili bo banyura ku mupaka wa Rusizi ya I. Abasirikare bageze muri DRC bakiriwe mu kigo cya gisirikare cya Panzi hamwe n’ibikoresho byabo byose, aho bakomeje gukorana inama n’ubuyobozi bahunganye bategura umugambi wo guhungabanya umutekano w’igihugu.

Abaturage benshi, Interahamwe, abasirikare ba FAR n’abayobozi bakuru b’igihugu bamaze kugera muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo byakurikiwe no kuva i Cyangugu kw’Abafaransa n’irangira rya Opération Turquoise ku wa 21 Kanama 1994, basimburwa na MINUAR II yari igizwe ahanini n’abasirikare b’Abanyafurika.

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IGICE CYA KARINDWI UMWIHARIKO WA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI

MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ifite umwihariko uyigereranyije n’ibindi bice by’Igihugu. Kuba yarakozwe mu gihe kirekire ugereranyije n’ahandi, ubugome ndengakamere yakoranywe, ukwitabirwa n’abaturage benshi kandi b’ingeri zitandukanye no kuba yarakorewe mu gice kirimo intumwa n’ingabo z’Umuryango mpuzamahanga, ibyo byose bishimangira umwihariko wayo. 7.1. Abicanyi bagize umwanya uhagije wo gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi (Jenoside yamaze igihe kirekire)

Kimwe n’ahandi hose mu Gihugu, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yatangiye ku wa 7 Mata 1994. Kuva ubwo Interahamwe zabyukaga zijya guhiga Abatutsi, bicirwa aho bahungiye mu Nsengero, mu bibuga, ku nzu z’ubuyobozi, no hirya no hino mu ngo. Kuva ku wa 19 Nyakanga 1994 ubwo hashyirwagaho Guverinoma y’Ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda, igatangaza ko ihagaritse Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi, ibyo ntibyabujije ko muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Abatutsi bakomeje kwicwa. Umuntu wese wabashije kwihisha byageze aho barabavumbura, baricwa. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Habimana Casimir:

Muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Jenoside yahashinze imizi, imara igihe kirekire ugereranyije n’ahandi mu Gihugu. Nyuma y’uko Akanama k’Umuryango w’Abibumbye kemereye Abasirikare b’Abafaransa kuza mu Rwanda muri Opération Turquoise, bahagaritse Inkotanyi kwinjira mu gice Akanama k’Umutekano kari kemeje nka “Zone Humanitaire Sûre”, igice cyari kigizwe na Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Kibuye na Gikongoro. Ibyo byatumye abicanyi bose bahungira muri izo Perefegitura cyane cyane muri Cyangugu aho bari begereye Igihugu cya Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Muri icyo gihe ariko Interahamwe zakomeje kwica Abatutsi nta cyo zikanga. Hari n’abamaraga kugera muri Repubulika

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Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo bagasigayo imiryango yabo, maze bakagaruka kwica abasigaye no gusahura imitungo. Muri icyo gihe kandi, umuntu wese wari afite umuntu ahishe byageze aho barabata; hari n’aho abantu barimo guhunga basigaga n’uwo bari bahishe bamwishe ngo n’ubundi baragiye ntibazagaruka. Mu gihe aho FPR yari yarafashe hose uwari mu gihuru akavamo akajya ahabona, twebwe hano i Cyangugu byari bigikomeye, Abatutsi bacyicwa umunsi ku wundi. Kugera mu kwezi kwa Kanama, Abatutsi bari bakicwa mu giturage aho umuntu yahishwe bamutahura bakamwica. Ubwicanyi bwamaze iminsi myinshi muri Cyangugu kuruta ahandi.623

Bimaze kugaragara ko ingabo za FAR zatsinzwe na FPR Inkotanyi, abayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu bari i Cyangugu barimo Perezida wa Repubulika Sindikubwabo Théodore n’umuryango we, Minisitiri w’Intebe Kambanda Jean n’Abaminisitiri batandukanye bahunganye abaturage benshi babajyana muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Guverinoma ya Kambanda imaze guhungana abaturage ibajyanye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Major Augustin Cyiza wakomokaga i Cyangugu mu yahoze ari Komini Gafunzo i Mugera, afatanyije n’Abafaransa bari muri Opération Turquoise, biteguraga gutaha ku wa 21 Kanama 1994, bashyizeho komite y’agateganyo igizwe n’abantu bise inyangamugayo abenshi muri bo ariko bari baragize uruhare muri Jenoside maze babaha inshingano yo gukumira abicanyi no guhagarika gusenya ibikorwa-remezo, basabwa gukorana na MINUAR II yagombaga gusimbura Abafaransa. Iyo komite yatangiye imirimo ku wa 22 Kanama 1994, nyuma y’umunsi umwe Abafaransa bagiye. Ikaba yari igizwe ku rwego rwa perefegitura na Ndungutse Evariste, Munyangabe Théodore wari usanzwe ari Superefe, Kavutse Léonard, Gakwaya Rwaka Théobald, na Dogiteri Sinamenye Ildephonse. Amakomini nayo yahawe abayobozi b’agateganyo, barimo n’abari basanzwe ku buyobozi batahunze, barimo:

- Mubiligi Jean Napoléon wari usanzwe ari Bururumesitiri wa Komini Kamembe, yakatiwe igifungo cya burundu, akaba yaraguye muri gereza ya Rusizi,

623 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIMANA Casmir mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017.

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- Karuhije Emmanuel wabaye Bururumesitiri wa Komini Cyimbogo,

- Rubanguka Théophile wabaye Bururumesitiri wa Komini Gishoma, yaguye muri gereza.

- Kayishema Straton wabaye Bururumesitiri wa Komini Bugarama (yarapfuye),

- Sibomana Jean Bosco wabaye Bururumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye,

- Habimana Théoneste wabaye Bururumesitiri wa Komini Karengera, yakatiwe igifungo cya Burundu,

- Bipfubusa Malachie wabaye Bururumesitiri wa Komini Gafunzo, yakatiwe igifungo cy’imyaka 15,

- Hitimana Antoine wabaye Bururumesitiri wa Komini Kagano, yakatiwe n’inkiko Gacaca igihano cy’igifungo cy’imyaka 25.

- Munyambibi Godefroid wabaye Bururumesitiri wa Komini Kirambo, na

- Rugwizangoga Fabien wari usanzwe ari Bururumesitiri wa Komini Gatare, yakatiwe igihano cyo gufungwa imyaka 25.

Abo bategetsi bashyizweho nta cyo bakoze ngo bagarure ituze n’amahoro muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. N’ubwo Interahamwe zari zarahungiye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, zakomeje gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside. Zahoraga zambuka ziva muri DRC zikaza kwica Abatutsi uko zishakiye, zarangiza zigasahura imitungo, zigasenya, nyuma zikisubirira muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo nta nkomyi. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Bagirishya Jean Marie Vianney:

I Cyangugu hishwe umubare munini w’Abatutsi kubera Opération Turquoise yatumye Jenoside idahagarikwa vuba. Abicanyi birirwaga bidegembya, abahungiye muri Kongo no ku kirwa cy’ijwi giherereye mu kiyaga cya Kivu bagarukaga igihe cyose bashakiye bakica abari barokotse Jenoside barangiza bakongera bagataha muri Kongo, ibyo byose bigakorwa ingabo z’Abafaransa zari muri iyo Opération Turquoise bahari, ntihagire icyo bazikoraho.624


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Ibikorwa bya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu byarakomeje kugera mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Kanama ubwo abasirikare ba FPR-Inkotanyi bashyize ibirindiro hirya no hino muri Cyangugu, biteguye guhangana n’abicanyi aho baturuka hose, maze bahagarika burundu Jenoside yakorerwaga Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

7.2. Gukurikirana no kwica Abatutsi bahungiye mu bihugu bihana imbibi na Perefegitura ya Cyangugu (Génocide au- delà des frontières)

7.2.1. Gukurikirana no kwica Abatutsi bahungiye muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo

Mu gihe Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, hari Abatutsi babashije guhungira muri Repubulika iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo Interahamwe zibasangayo, zibicirayo. Bamporiki Jacqueline ukomoka mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mparwe, Komini Kamembe ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nkombo, Akarere ka Rusizi, asobanura uburyo Interahamwe zamukurikiye muri Kongo kugira ngo zimwice ariko Imana ikinga akaboko:

Ku wa 1 Gicurasi 1994 nibwo nageze muri Kongo ahitwa mu Mutaka mvuye iwacu ku Nkombo. Kubera ko hari Abanyarwanda bajyaga gucuruza muri Kongo aho nari ndi, baje kumbona maze babwira Interahamwe ko nageze muri Kongo. Interahamwe zahise zambuka ziza kunshaka, maze kumenya ko zaje mbibwira umusirikare twari duturanye. Umunsi zageze aho nari ndi muri Shitingi, wamusirikare yaraje abwira izo Nterahamwe ngo zibe zicaye abanze azizanire ibyo kurya. Wa musirikare yahise aca inyuma, afata urwembe akata shitingi narimo, arinjira aterura agahinja nari mfite aradutorokesha. Ubwo baje gushiduka nagiye. Nakomereje mu nkambi ahitwa mu Birara, ariko za Nterahamwe naho ziza kumenya ko ariho ndi, zirahansanga, kubw’amahirwe naho mbasha kuzicika. Nakomeje kubungera muri Kongo, kugera Interahamwe nazo zihungiye muri Kongo, maze abantu bangira inama yo gusubira mu Rwanda, kuko intambara yarangiye. Ubwo natashye

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nihishahisha ku bw’amahirwe mbona ngeze mu Rwanda.625

Kuba Interahamwe zarambukaga umupaka zikajya muri Kongo guhiga Abatutsi bahungiyeyo kugira ngo zibice bishimangirwa kandi n’iyicwa ryakorewe Kazigye Claude wakomokaga mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Karemera Trojan:

Bimaze kumenyekana ko Kazigye Claude yahu-ngiye muri Kongo, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gishoma Nkubito Jean Chrysostome yategetse ko bamushakisha aho ari hose akicwa. Ibyo byatumye Interahamwe zimukurikirana muri Kongo, zijya kumushakisha i Nyangezi aho yari acumbitse, ziramufata ziramwica. Interahamwe zimaze kumwica, zashinyaguriye umurambo we kugera aho bamuciye agatoki yari afite karemaye, kari kazwi na bose, bakambukana mu Rwanda, bagamije kujya kwereka Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome ko Kazigye Claude bamwishe koko. Kazigye Claude yari asanzwe afitiwe urwango rukomeye na Burugumesitiri nta kindi amuziza uretse kuba Umututsi.626

Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome amaze kubona ko Kazigye Claude yishwe, yahise atanga amazina y’abandi Batutsi yabuze, avuga ko nabo bagomba gushakishwa, ko nabo bashobora kuba bari muri Kongo. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Muratwa Marie:

Tumaze kwambuka uruzi rwa Rusizi tugeze i Bukavu, twagiye ahitwa ku Ihemba. Muri icyo gihe Burugumesitiri Nkubito Jean Chrysostome yahise atanga amazina y’Abatutsi bagomba gushakishwa barimo umugabo wanjye Kayijuka Antoine, Kimenyi Antoine n’abandi, asaba ko uwababona wese yahita amubwira aho baherereye. Ibyo byaduteye ubwoba kubera ko Kazigye Claude twari tumaze kumenya ko bamwishe, tuba aho iminsi mike ariko nta mahoro dufite nyuma dufata umwanzuro wo kwimuka tujya

625 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAMPORIKI Jacqueline mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 13 Ukwakira 2017626 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAREMERA Trojan mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18Ukwakira 2017

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i Panzi. Tugeze i Panzi twasanze ayo makuruyarahageze, ariko dukomeza kwihishahisha, ku bw’amahirwe Jenoside imaze guhagaraga tugaruka mu Rwanda.627

Gukurikirana Abatutsi bahungiraga muri Kongo ubuyobozi bwa Perefegitura nabwo bwabikazemo kubera kumva ko Abatutsi bari kubacika. Ibyo byatumye Abayobozi ba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bambuka umupaka, bajya kuvugana n’ab’i Bukavu, babumvisha ko batagomba kwakira Abatutsi bari guhunga. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Nzajyibwami Ferdinand:

Bimaze kumenyekana ko hari Abatutsi bari guhungira i Bukavu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, Perefe Bagambiki Emmanuel n’abasirikare bahise bajya muri Kongo, babuza abashinzwe kwakira impunzi i Bukavu kongera gutanga amakarita y’impunzi ku Batutsi bari guhunga, ahubwo babumvisha ko abaza bagomba kujya bahita babasubiza iwabo mu Rwanda. Abatutsi bari batangatanzwe.628

Uretse abahungaga mu 1994, hari kandi Abatutsi bari basanzwe barahungiye muri Kongo kuva muri 1959, maze ubwo Interahamwe zari zitangiye guhunga, abo zibonye zikabamerera nabi cyane. Muri bo twavuga Ncarwatsi Léopord wari usanzwe yarahungiye muri Kongo, Interahamwe zihungiyeyo ziramubona, ziramufata, ziramutemagura hafi no kumwica. Ntamakemwa Remy asobanura ko “n’ubwo yagize amahirwe yo kurokoka, ubu afite ibikovu by’imipanga bigaragaza ibikomere by’uko yatemaguwe n’izo Nterahamwe”.629

627 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya MURATWA Marie mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 24Ukwakira 2017628 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZAJYIBWAMI Ferdinand mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017629 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NTAMAKEMWA Remy ukomoka mu Karere ka RUSIZI, Kigali ku wa 1 Ukuboza 2017

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7.2.2. Gukurikirana no kwica Abatutsi bahungiye i Burundi

Kubera ko mu buzima busanzwe abaturage ba Cyangugu n’Abarundi bari basanzwe bagenderana, hari Abatutsi bagerageje guhungira i Burundi ubwo Jenoside yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, bakeka ko bashobora kuharokokera. Mu babigerageje ariko, hari abo Interahamwe zakurikiranye, zambuka umupaka zijya kubashakisha i Burundi, zirabagarura baricwa. Nk’uko byasobanuwe na Bigoboka Landouard:

Muri Segiteri Butare, mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Butare, umuhungu wa Karinda Prosper witwaga Namuhoranye Charles yabashije guhungira i Burundi atorokeshejwe na Byahebuwe Joseph wo muri Rwibutso. Interahamwe zimaze kumenya ko Namuhoranye Charles yahungiye i Burundi, Konseye wa Segiteri Butare Munyakazi Appolinaire yategetse ko bagomba kujya kumushaka kugera bamubonye. Interahamwe zahise zijya i Burundi kumushakisha, zimusangayo koko, ziramufata, zimugarura mu Rwanda, zimuzana zimucunaguza, zimaze kumugeza mu Rwanda zimwicira ahitwa ku Butanda. Zamwishe nabi cyane zimushinyagurira, aho babanje no kumuca intoki n’igitsina.630

Nyuma yo kwica Namuhoranye Charles byamenyekanye ko yari yatorokeshejwe na Byahebuwe Joseph. Ibyo byatumye Byahebuwe Joseph nawe yicwa ashinyaguriwe aho bamutegetse kubanza kwicukurira imva, agenda yigeramo, amaze kuyuzuza bayimutsindamo.631 Mu bamwishe harimo Ndengeyingoma wo muri Butanda, Bayungure Valens, Nangwahose Esron, Nkunzwenabake, Matane Mathieu, Ntamobwa n’abandi.632

Uretse abo Interahamwe zajyaga gufata i Burundi, hari n’abo Abarundi bafataga ubwabo, bakabashyikiriza Interahamwe zikabica. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Mukarugaba Scholastique:

630 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BIGOBOKA Landouard mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2017631 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUDAHUNGA Jean Berchimas mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2017632 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya HABIYAREMYE Vedaste mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 25 Ukwakira 2017

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Nyuma y’ubwicanyi bwakorewe kuri Paruwasi Gatolika ya Nyabitimbo, igitsina gabo cyose kikicwa, abahungu banjye babiri Karoli na murumuna we Alexis bari bihishe mu baturanyi bahungiye i Burundi. Bageze i Burundi basanze Interahamwe zahagejeje amafoto yabo, zisaba ko nibababona i Burundi babafata bakabagarura mu Rwanda. Abarundi bahise bafata Karoli bati ‘ntidushaka amaraso amenekera mu gihugu cyacu’, maze bamujyana kwa Konseye. Bamugejeje kwa Konseye aramufata, amufungira mu nzu, bukeye mu gitondo cya kare ajya kuzana Interahamwe mu Rwanda, aziha urufunguzo, ziragenda zimusangamo, ziramujyana, zimugejeje mu Rwanda ziramwica. Murumuna we Alexis yakomeje kwihisha mu bihuru i Burundi. Nyuma ariko yahuye n’inzoka, agira ubwoba yiruka ayihunga, Abarundi baba baramubonye, bahita bamufata, bajya guhamagara Interahamwe nawe ziramutwara. Bageze ku mugezi wa Ruhwa, Interahamwe zahise zimwica, bamucamo kabiri, umurambo we bawujugunya mu mugezi.633

Shami Habimana Dieudonne asobanura kandi ko hari uwitwa Nzeyimana Wilheremie nawe wahungiye i Burundi, agezeyo Abarundi baramufata, baramugarura ngo nasubire iwabo, Interahamwe zihita zimwicira ku cyambu cya Gihigano.634

7.3. Amazi akikije Cyangugu yabujije Abatutsi guhunga

Ku bazi Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, umuntu yakeka ko Abatutsi baho bari bafite amahirwe menshi yo guhunga kubera uburyo bari begereye Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, n’u Burundi. Ayo mahirwe ntiyabahiriye ariko, kubera imiterere yaho itarabakundiye. Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ikikijwe n’amazi agizwe n’ikiyaga cya Kivu n’umugezi wa Rusizi. Ayo mazi akaba ariyo ayitandukanya na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo. Amazi akikije Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gukumira Abatutsi guhungira muri Kongo kandi ari ahantu begereye cyane, basanzwe bazi, mu buzima busanzwe bahagenda umunsi ku wundi.

633 Ubuhamya bwa MUKARUGABA Scholastique, 2018634 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya SHAMI HABIMANA Dieudonné mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 29 Ukwakira 2017.

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Nk’uko byari bimenyerewe, ibintu byarabaga abantu bakihutira kwambuka berekeza muri Kongo. Mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi siko byagenze, kubera ko rugikubita Interahamwe zihutiye kujya gutegera Abatutsi ku Kiyaga cya Kivu no ku ruzi rwa Rusizi. Ibyo byatumye Abatutsi benshi berekezaga ku Kiyaga cyangwa ku ruzi bashakisha uburyo bahungira muri Kongo bahita bicwa bakajugunywa mu mazi kuburyo kugeza ubu imibiri yabo itarabasha kuboneka ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro. Hari kandi n’abagiye babonako n’ubundi byarangiye bagahitamo kwiyahura mu mazi.

Uretse ikiyaga cya Kivu na Rusizi, hari Abatutsi benshi biciwe ku mugezi wa Ruhwa utandukanya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu n’Igihugu cy’u Burundi. Interahamwe zarahategeraga ubagezeho bakica; hari n’abandi benshi zakuraga mu ngo zabo zikajya kuhabicira, imirambo yabo bakayiroha mu mazi. Ku mugezi wa Ruhwa ku Cyambu cyo kwa Mugarura hiciwe Abatutsi benshi imirambo Interahamwe ziyiroha mu mazi.

7.4. Extremisme des parties politiques

Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yaranzwe no gushyamirana hagati y’abarwanashyaka ba MDR, MRND na CDR. Buri gushyamirana kukaba iteka kwarakurikirwaga no guhohotera Abatutsi, babita ko ari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. Kwibasira Abatutsi bikaba byarafashe intera yo hejuru nyuma y’urupfu rwa Bucyana Martin wari Perezida wa CDR. Inkuru y’urupfu rwe imaze kugera iwabo i Cyangugu, Interahamwe zahise zitangira kwica Abatutsi. Ibyo bikorwa byarakomeje kuburyo byageze muri 1994 imitwe y’abantu yaramaze gushyuha kubera ugushyamirana kw’Amashyaka kwa hato na hato; kandi iteka Abatutsi akaba aribo barengana kubera ko aribo bari bariswe abanzi b’Igihugu. Ibyo byatumye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi abarwanashyaka bose bishyira hamwe, maze bahurira ku mugambi umwe wo guhiga no kwica Abatutsi. 7.5. Iyicarubozo rikabije

Perefegitura ya Cyangugu iri mu bice bike mu gihugu byagaragayemo ibikorwa by’ubunyamaswa bikomeye muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Cyangugu izwiho kuba ahitwa mu Gatandara ho mu Murenge wa Mururu, Interahamwe zarahiciye Abatutsi benshi, zirababaga, zibakuramo imitima zirayotsa zirarya.

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Uretse mu Gatandara, muri Kizura ho muri Gikundamvura naho bishe uwitwa Rwicaninyoni maze bamwotsa brochette, bararya. Mu bariye izo myama harimo Kabanguka n’abandi. Mu bamwishe harimo Kanyepori mwene Kanayoge wo muri Kizura, Sadamu François mwene Butuyu wo mu Kizura n’abandi.

Hari kandi Abatutsi bo ku musozi wa Rukungu mu murenge wa Cyato, bishwe urw’agashinyaguro batwikiwe mu nzu ya nyakatsi ya Karekezi Alfred. Bamaze hafi ibyumweru bibiri byose bashya, kugera babaye umuyonga.

Ibyo bikorwa by’indengakamere bikagaragaza uburyo urwango rwari rwarigishijwe mu Banyacyangugu kandi rwarashinze imizi, kugera aho umuntu afatwa nk’itungo ryo kuribwa, kandi bigakorwa kumugaragaro. 7.6. Gukusanyiriza Abatutsi mu Nkambi

Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ifite umwihariko wo kuba mu gihugu hose ariyo yafashe umwanzuro wo gushyiraho inkambi yakusanyirijwemo Abatutsi bahungaga ubwicanyi, ku bw’amahirwe abenshi muri bo baraharokokera. Iyo nkambi izwi ku izina rya Nyarushishi yari iherereye mu yahoze ari Komine Nyakabuye, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Nkungu, Akarere ka Rusizi.

Nyarushishi yari yarigeze kuba inkambi y’Abarundi bahunze ubwicanyi mu 1993, kuburyo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa ikirimo insoresore nyinshi z’Abarundi zahise zivamo zijya kwifatanya n’Interahamwe. Izo nsoresore z’Abarundi zamamaye mu bikorwa by’ubwicanyi, bagenda bavuga ko Abatutsi bishe Perezida wabo Ndadaye ari nabo bishe Habyarimana bityo ko bagomba kubahorera.

7.7. Ibirindiro bya Opération Turquoise

Tariki 22 Kamena mu 1994, Umuryango w’Abibumbye wafashe umwanzuro No 929, wemerera u Bufaransa kohereza ingabo zabwo mu Rwanda muri “Opération Turquoise”. Abasirikare b’Abafaransa bageze mu Rwanda ku wa 23 Kamena 1994 bashyize ibirindiro byabo hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Kibuye na Gikongoro. N’ubwo byari byanditswe ko baje mu butumwa bw’abatabazi ku bari mu kaga, gutabara

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Abatutsi bicwaga nta bwo byigeze biba muri gahunda yabo. Muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Abatutsi bakomeje kwicwa barebera, abasirikare b’Abafaransa barushaho gukorana n’Interahamwe n’abategetsi bashyiraga mu bikorwa Jenoside. Bimaze kugaragara kandi ko Ingabo za FAR zatsinzwe urugamba, Abafaransa bashishikajwe no gutanga umutekano useseye ku bategetsi bakuru b’Igihugu bari i Cyangugu, abasirikare n’Interahamwe, maze bahungana ibyabo byose bajya muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo nta cyo bikanga.

7.8. Interahamwe zagiye kwica no hanze ya Cyangugu ku Kibuye ku musozi wa Kizenga no mu Bisesero

Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Interahamwe zo ku Kibuye n’ingabo za FAR zananiwe kwica Abatutsi bari bahungiye ku Musozi wa Kizenga no mu Bisesero kubera ko Abatutsi bagerageje kwirwanaho ku buryo bushoboka bwose, kugeza ubwo Interahamwe zagombye kwitabaza izindi ngufu ziturutse mu bindi bice bitandukanye by’igihugu nk’i Cyangugu, ku Gisenyi n’i Kigali. Ni muri urwo rwego ku itariki ya 27 na 28 Mata 1994 Interahamwe za Yufusu Munyakazi zari zifite icyicaro mu yahoze ari Komini Bugarama zafashe ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi, burira imodoka, barenga Perefegitura yabo ya Cyangugu bajya kwica Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye ku Musozi wa Kizenga. Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi zagabye igitero simusiga ku Batutsi barenga ibihumbi cumi na bitanu bari bahungiye kuri uwo musozi wa Kizenga wabarizwaga muri Komini Rwamatamu, muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Mahembe, Akarere ka Nyamasheke. Umusozi wa Kizenga ukaba wari usanzwe utuweho n’Abatutsi benshi. Maze ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, abaturutse hirya no hino bahisemo kuwuhungiraho bakeka ko mu gihe bishyize hamwe babasha kwirwanaho, bityo bakabasha kuharokokera. Ibyo ariko siko byagenze kuko nyuma yo kugerageza kwirwanaho igihe kirekire, Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi zahabasanze zivuye mu Bisesero, zirabica zirabamara.635 Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi zimaze kwica Abatutsi aho ku musozi wa Kizenga, zuriye imodoka zisubira i Cyangugu.

635 African Rigts, John Yusufu Munyakazi, Un génocidaire devenue refugié, 6 juin 1997, p.35

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Ku itariki ya 13 n’iya 14 Gicurasi 1994 Interahamwe za Yufusu Munyakazi zo mu Bugarama zongeye kujya kwica Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye mu Bisesero; ubu ni mu mirenge ya Twumba na Rwankuba, Akarere ka Karongi. Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi zigeze ku Kibuye, zagabye ibitero ku misozi ya Muyira na Gitwa mu Bisesero zihica Abatutsi benshi babarirwa hagati y’ibihumbi 25 na 30. Ibitero byatangiraga saa kumi n’ebyeri za mu gitondo bikarangira hafi saa kumi n’imwe z’umugoroba. Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi zimaze kubona ko zishe Abatutsi hafi ya bose bari mu Bisesero, zuriye imodoka zisubira i Cyangugu mu Bugarama.636

Umusozi wa Kizenga ukaba uteganye neza na Bisesero bihuje amateka ya Jenoside kuko Abatutsi bari bahungiye kuri iyo misozi yombi bagaragaje ubutwari bwo kugerageza kwirwanaho gusa baza kurushwa imbaraga n’Interahamwe zabateraniye ziturutse hirya no hino cyane cyane muri Kibuye, Cyangugu n’i Gisenyi.

7.9. Kuba abayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu baranyuze i Cyangugu bahunga

Nk’uko Minisitiri w’Intebe Kambanda Jean yabitangarije Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwa Arusha, mu gihe byari bimaze kugaragara ko Guverinoma yateguye ikanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yarimo itsindwa n’Ingabo za RPF-Inkotanyi, abayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu batangiye inzira yo guhunga kuva ku wa 12 Mata 1994 ubwo ibikorwa bya Guverinoma byimurirwaga i Murambi muri Gitarama. Kuva ku wa 3 Kamena 1994 Guverinoma yavuye i Murambi yimukira ku Gisenyi i Muramba ho muri Komini Satinshyi. Ku wa 14 Nyakanga abari bagize Guverinoma bahunze bava ku Gisenyi bamwe berekeza i Goma muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo abandi bajya ku Kibuye. Abagiye ku Kibuye bahavuye berekera i Cyangugu, bahagera ku wa 16 Nyakanga 1994. Mu bayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu banyuze i Cyangugu bahunga harimo:

636 Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Munyakazi Yusufu, (Munyakazi Yusufu (ICTR-97-36A), Arusha, 2011

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- Perezida wa Repubulika Sindikubwabo Théodore n’umuryango we,

- Minisitiri w’Intebe Kambanda Jean- Umuyobozi w’Ibiro bya Perezida: Mbangura Daniel- Minisitiri w’Ingabo : Bizimana Augustin, - Minisitiri w’Ubutabera : Ntamabyaliro Agnès, - Le chef du protocole du Président, le major Mageza Désiré- Minisitiri w’Umuryango n’Iterambere ry’Umugore :

Nyiramasuhuko Pauline.

Abayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu bageze i Cyangugu, ku munsi wa mbere bacumbitse muri Evêché ya Kiliziya Gatolika i Cyangugu, bukeye bajya gucumbika muri Hotel Ituze. Ku wa mbere tariki ya 18 Nyakanga 1994, bahise bahava, bahungira i Bukavu muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.637

Interahamwe n’abasirikare ba FAR babonye ko noneho birangiye, ko batsinzwe urugamba, bafashe umwanzuro wo gusiga basenye ibikorwa remezo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ibikorwa byo gutwika amazu y’Abatutsi atarasenywe biriyongera, habaho no gusahura imitungo yose y’Abatutsi bayihungana muri Kongo. Kuva ku wa 19 Nyakanga 1994, nyuma y’iminsi ibiri (2) abayobozi bakuru b’Igihugu bahungiye muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, abasirikare n’abasivile nabo batangiye guhunga ku bwinshi. Abasirikare berekeje muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo banyuze ku mupaka wa Rusizi ya II. Abasivile bo banyura ku mupaka wa Rusizi ya I. Hamwe n’ibikoresho byabo byose, abasirikare bakiriwe mu kigo cya Gisirikare cya Panzi i Bukavu, aho bakomeje gukorana inama n’ubuyobozi bahunganye, bategura umugambi wo guhungabanya umutekano w’u Rwanda.

637 Synthèse des activités du Gouvernement intérimaire et de ses membres à partir du 8 avril 1994.

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IGICE CYA MUNANI INGARUKA ZA JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI

N’UBUMWE N’UBWIYUNGE MU YAHOZE ARI PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU

8.1. Ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Umushakashatsi Alison Des Forges amaze kwitegereza uburyo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyizwe mu bikorwa, Abatutsi bicwa hirya no hino mu gihugu, imiryango myinshi ikazima; byamuhaye igitekerezo cyo kwandika igitabo yise “Leave none to tell the story/‘Aucun témoin ne doit survivre” tugenekereje mu kinyarwanda twacyita “Nimubice ntihagire n’usigara wo kuzabara inkuru”. Aha yashakaga kugaragaza ko umugambi abateguye bagashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside wari uwo kwica Abatutsi, bagashiraho. Siko byagenze ariko, kubera ko nubwo bishe benshi, hari abarokotse.

8.1.1. Zimwe mu ngaruka zatewe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatumye igihugu kivutswa benshi mu bana bacyo. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na MINALOC, bwashyizwe ahagaraga mu 2004, bwagaragaje ko abantu bazwi bishwe muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bagera kuri Miliyoni imwe, ibihumbi Mirongo irindwi na bine n’abantu cumi na barindwi ( 1.074.017). Uretse izi nzirakarengane zavuzwe haruguru zishwe zizira uko zavutse, Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yasize abantu benshi iheruheru batagira epfo na ruguru, isiga abapfakazi, imfubyi, abatagira aho bakinga umusaya n’abandi. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yatumye kandi Abanyarwanda benshi bahunga igihugu, ibikorwa remezo byinshi birasenyuka. Yasize na none umubare munini w’abantu bafunzwe kubera kugira uruhare muri Jenoside.

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yaranzwe n’ubugome bukabije bwagaragariye mu bikorwa bya kinyamaswa byakorewe abicwaga. Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashenye umuryango nyarwanda; ubuzima, imibereho n’imibanire biteshwa agaciro.

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Abicwaga bamburwa agaciro n’ubumuntu n’ababicaga. Abicanyi nabo biyambuye imyitwarire iranga ubumuntu, bambara iy’ubunyamaswa mu gihe bicaga abaturanyi, abavandimwe n’inshuti zabo.

FPR-Inkotanyi imaze guhagaraika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Guverinoma y’ubumwe yasanze abarokotse Jenoside yarabasize iheruheru, hari abadashobora kugira icyo bakora kubera ubumuga yabasigiye, abarokotse benshi batagira aho kuba, hari ihungabana rikomeye, ihungabana ryatewe ahanini n’uburyo Abatutsi bishwe urw’agashinyaguro, bakicirwa ku misozi bazira ubusa, kandi bicwa n’abo bari basanzwe baturanye.

8.1.2. Ibyakozwe mu guhangana n’ingaruka za Jenoside

Mu gushakira ibisubizo uruhurirane rw’ibibazo rwatewe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Guverinoma yakoze ibishoboka byose igarura umutekano n’ituze mu Gihugu. Abanyarwanda bamaze gutuza no gutekana, Guverinoma yashyizeho ikigega cya FARG mu 1998, gihabwa inshingano yo guteza imbere imibereho myiza y’abatishoboye barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. FARG imaze kujyaho yahawe inshingano nyamukuru zo:

- Gufasha abatishoboye barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kwifasha, bagenerwa inkunga zitandukanye zigamije kubazamurira imibereho;

- Gushakira amacumbi abarokotse Jenoside bigaragara ko batishoboye badafite amacumbi: imfubyi, abapfakazi, abamugajwe na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abasaza n’abakecuru b’incike;

- Kurihira amashuri abana barokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi;

- Kuvuza abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abatewe ubumuga na Jenoside, abandujwe indwara zidakira zatewe n’ihohoterwa rishingiye ku gitsina zirimo n’icyorezo cya SIDA;

- Kugenera inkunga ihoraho y’amafaranga ku bageze mu za bukuru basizwe iheruheru na Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi n’abandi batewe ubumuga butuma nta cyo bakimarira.

Nk’uko bigarukwaho n’abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi, FARG yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ishyire

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mu bikorwa inshingano zayo. Mu byari bikenewe cyane yashyizemo ingufu, harimo ukubakira abarokotse Jenoside amacumbi no gusanirwa amazu, kurihirwa amashuri ku rubyiruko rwarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, abandi baravuzwa haba mu Rwanda ndetse no mu mahanga n’ibindi. Bagirishya JMV uhagarariye IBUKA mu Karere ka Nyamasheke asobanura ko:

Kugeza ubu, Leta yakoze ibishoboka byose kugira ngo ifashe abarokotse Jenoside. Nta warokotse Jenoside ushobora kurwara ngo abure uko yivuza, nta mwana n’umwe dufite washatse kwiga ngo abure uko yiga, kandi n’abatararangiza amashuri, FARG iracyabishyurira. Abasenyewe nabo barubakiwe; wenda n’ubwo hari amazu amwe n’amwe agenda asaza, ariko nta warokotse Jenoside urara ku gasozi. Igishimishije muri iyi myaka ni gahunda nziza ihari yo kubakira incike incumbi rusange bazajya bahuriraramo, kubana bikabarinda kwigunga n’irungu. Kandi ikirenze kuri ibyo byose, ubu abarokotse Jenoside bafite umutekano usesuye. Leta yarakoze rwose!638

Mu rwego rwo guca umuco wo kudahana wari warimakajwe n’Abategetsi b’u Rwanda bateguye bakanashyira mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Leta yashyizeho Inkiko Gacaca zagize uruhare rufatika mu gushyira ukuri ahagaragara no guhana abagize uruhare muri Jenoside. Abatangabuhamya muri ubu bushakashatsi bishimira uburyo Inkiko Gacaca zafashije mu gucira imanza vuba vuba abakoze Jenoside n’uburyo imanza zaburanishirijwe mu ruhame, ibintu byafashije abarokotse Jenoside kumenya amakuru menshi ku bavandimwe n’imiryango yabo bishwe muri Jenoside. Inkiko Gacaca zikaba zarashoje imirimo yazo ku wa 18 Kamena 2012, zimaze kuburanisha muri rusange imanza 1.958.634. 8.1.3. Ingaruka za Jenoside zicyigaragaza nyuma y’imyaka 25 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ihagaritswe

Nyuma y’imyaka 25 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ihagaritswe n’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi, abarokotse Jenoside bavuga ko muri rusange ingaruka za Jenoside zigenda zigabanuka. Ikigarukwaho

638 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya BAGIRISHYA JMV mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE, ku wa 24 Ugushyingo 2017.

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kuba kigifite ibisigisigi ni ikibazo cy’ihungabana kikigaragara muri bamwe mu barokotse Jenoside mu Turere twa Rusizi na Nyamasheke. Iryo hungabana ridashira rikaba riterwa akenshi no kutabona imibiri y’ababo bishwe muri Jenoside, kugira ngo ishyingurwe mu cyubahiro. Abenshi muri bo ariko bavuga ko nta cyizere bafite ko izaboneka, kubera ko abenshi bajugunywe mu mazi akikije iyahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu: mu Kiyaga cya Kivu, mu migezi ya Rusizi, Rubyiro, Ruhwa na Kirimbi. Abarokotse Jenoside bagaruka kandi ku bibazo by’imitungo yabo yangijwe muri Jenoside itarishyurwa, kandi ugasanga abayangije nta bushake bafite bwo kurangiza icyo kibazo, yaba kwishyura cyangwa kwegera abo bahemukiye, bagasaba ko bababarirwa ku badafite ubwishyu.

Abarokotse Jenoside basobanura kandi ko n’ubwo Leta ikora ibishoboka byose ngo irandure burundu ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, hari ibisigisigi bikigaragara mu Turere twa Rusizi na Nyamasheke, aho abarokotse babwirwa amagambo abasesereza, ibyabo bikangizwa n’ibindi. Bene ibyo bikorwa bikaba bikunda kwigaragaza cyane cyane mu gihe cyo Kwibuka. Igice gikurikira kikaba kigaragaza mu buryo burambuye imiterere y’icyo kibazo cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

8.2. Imiterere y’ingengabiterekerezo ya jenoside mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

Itegeko Nº 59/2018 ryo ku wa 22/8/2018 rihana icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha bifitanye isano na yo risobanura mu buryo burambuye icyo ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside ari cyo. Ingingo yaryo ya 4 isobanura ko:

Umuntu ukorera mu ruhame igikorwa, byaba mu magambo, mu nyandiko, mu mashusho cyangwa ku bundi buryo, kigaragaza imitekerereze yimakaza cyangwa ishyigikira kurimbura abantu bose cyangwa bamwe muri bo bahuriye ku bwenegihugu, ubwoko, ibara ry’uruhu cyangwa ku idini, aba akoze icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

Muri rusange, ingengabitekerezo ya jenoside igagaragara mu byiciro bitatu:

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1) Mbere ya Jenoside: Mbere ya Jenoside, ingengabite-kerezo yayo irangwa no gutegura umugambi wo kwica abantu bari mu cyiciro runaka, hanyuma uwo mugambi ukigishwa, ugakwirakwizwa hakoreshejwe amashuri, ubuyobozi bw’inzego zose za Leta, ubushakashatsi, amadini, imitwe ya Politiki, amashyirahamwe, imiryango itari iya Leta, itangazamakuru n’ibindi.

2) Mu gihe cya Jenoside: Mu gihe Jenoside itangiye gushyirwa mu bikorwa, ibyiciro byose byavuzwe haruguru byitabira gushyira mu bikorwa Jenoside, hagamijwe kurimbura abantu bari mu cyiciro runaka.

3) Nyuma ya Jenoside: Nyuma ya Jenoside, ibyiciro byose byavuzwe haruguru bigira uruhare rukomeye mu kuyipfobya no kuyihakana, hibasirwa icyo aricyo cyose gishyira ukuri aharagara.

8.2.1 Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mbere ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Jenoside ibanzirizwa n’ingengabitekerezo ihembera urwango ku gice kiba kizarimburwa kandi urwo rwango rugahabwa intebe mu mvugo z’abantu no mu bikorwa bimwe na bimwe byibasira bamwe. Iyo ngengabitekerezo niyo igenda ikura igasozwa n’umugambi uba warateguwe wo kurimbura abantu bari muri cya gice cyibasiwe. Iyo twinjiye mu mateka y’u Rwanda dusanga Ingengabite-kerezo ya Jenoside yaratangiye kubutegetsi bw’Abakoloni. Nibo badukanye ibitekerezo byo kurebera Abanyarwanda mu ndorerwamo y’amoko, bemeza ko Abanyarwanda barimo amoko atandukanye kandi adakomoka hamwe. Ibyo babishimangiye bandika amoko mu ndangamuntu z’Abanyarwanda mu 1932.

Iyo ngengabitekerezo ishingiye ku moko yahindutse ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside guhera mu mwaka wa 1957 aho Abahutu bize barimo Habyarimana Joseph bitaga Gitera, Kayibanda Grégoire, n’abandi babwiye ubutegetsi bw’Ababiligi ko barambiwe ingoma ntutsi n’igitugu cyayo. Abakoloni b’Ababiligi bashyigikiye ibitekerezo byabo, maze kuva mu Ugushyingo 1959 Abatutsi baricwa, baratwikirwa, barasahurwa, abandi bameneshwa mu gihugu bahungira mu mahanga.

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Iyicwa ry’Abatutsi mu 1959 ryabanjirijwe n’inyandiko zamamaza urwango na za disikuru z’abanyapolitiki zuzuyemo ingengabitekerezo yikoma Abatutsi kandi zihamagarira kubica. Amashyaka ya politiki yubakiye ku ivangurabwoko nka PARMEHUTU na APROSOMA afatanyije n’ibitangazamakuru byayo nka “Jyambere” n’”Ijwi rya rubanda rugufi” byamamazaga ingengabitekerezo y’urwango n’ubwicanyi. Ibyo byose bikaba byarahabwaga umugisha n’Abakoloni na bamwe mu bihayimana b’Abazungu barimo Mgr André Perraudin n’abandi.

U Rwanda rumaze kubona ubwigenge ku itariki ya 01 Nyakanga 1962, abategetsi bayoboye igihugu barimo Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire wasimbuwe na Perezida Habyarimana Juvenal, aho gukosora amateka mabi yasizwe n’Abakoloni, baranzwe no guha ifumbire ya ngengabitekerezo yazanywe n’Abakoloni, bimakaza politiki y’amacakubiri n’urwango ku Batutsi, barabakandamiza, babavutsa uburenganzira ku gihugu cyabo, mu mashuri n’imirimo. Mu gihe cy’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana hadutse kandi ingengabitekerezo y’ivangura n’amacakubiri ishingiye ku guha uburenganzira busumbye ubw’abandi Banyarwanda abakomoka mu karere Perezida yakomokagamo, aho Perefegitura ebyiri gusa, Gisenyi na Ruhengeri, zihariraga 65% z’imyanya mu mashuri no mu mirimo babyita iringaniza ry’Akarere. Uretse ingengabitekerezo ishingiye ku karere, ingengabitekerezo y’urwango ishingiye ku moko yo yari yarashinze imizi kuva mu 1959. Mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu naho ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yari yose, uhereye mu bayobozi kugera mu baturage. Nk’uko byasobanuwe na Nzajyibwami Ferdinand, ibiganiro by’abayobozi iteka byabaga bigaragaza ko Umututsi atari umuntu, ko ariwe uteza ibibazo mu gihugu. Yagize ati:

Mu 1981 nigeze kuva i Kigali ngiye iwacu i Cyangugu, uwitwa Munyakazi Moise ampa lift. Mu modoka harimo Bisekwa Pascal wari Burugemesitiri wa Komini Cyimbogo, Gatabazi Venuste wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Bugarama, na Ntibiserurwa Michel wari Burugumesitiri wa Komini Gishoma, maze bagenda

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baganira. Numvise batangiye kuvuga Abatutsi, nabaye nk’uwisinziriza kugira ngo batansiga mu nzira. Burugumesitiri Bisekwa Pascal atangira avuga ko we muri Cyimbogo afite ikibazo cy’Abatutsi benshi, Ntibiserurwa Michel wo muri Gishoma avuga ko we abahari nta kibazo bamuteye uretse Nshamihigo Phillippe alias Ruseta, Munyurangabo Théoneste na Kanyarubungo Dismas. Gatabazi Venuste wo mu Bugarama avuga ko we nta kibazo cy’Abatutsi afite kuko mu Bugarama habaga bake cyane, bisa nk’aho nta bari bahatuye. Ibyo bikaba bigaragaza urwango Abatutsi bari bafitiwe, kuva mu buyobozi bwagakurikiranye imibereho yabo.639

Iyo ngengabitekerezo mbi ishingiye ku moko niyo yabyaye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, ubwo abategetsi babi bategekaga u Rwanda, aho kwemera ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’amasezerano y’amahoro yashyiriweho umukono Arusha mu gihugu cya Tanzaniya ku wa 04 Kanama 1993, bwahisemo inzira mbi yo gushyira mu bikorwa umugambi wo kumaraho Abatutsi.

Ku itariki 02 Nzeri 1998, uwari Minisitiri w’Intebe wa Guverinoma yakoze Jenoside muri 1994, Jean Kambanda, yemereye imbere y’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyiriweho u Rwanda ko Guverinoma yari ayoboye ariyo yateguye umugambi wo kumaraho Abatutsi ndetse itanga imyitozo n’ibikoresho bya gisilikare kugira ngo Jenoside ishyirwe mu bikorwa.

8.2.2 Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu gihe cya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside irangwa n’urwango n’ivangura, yamaze igihe kirekire yigishwa mu Rwanda, niyo yabyaye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994. Ingengabi-tekerezo ya Jenoside niyo yatumye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ishoboka, ku buryo mu gihe cy’amezi atatu gusa hishwe Abatutsi barenga miliyoni hose mu gihugu, bicwa urw’agashinyaguro nta kubabarira impinja, abana, abasaza, abakecuru n’abarwayi. Kiliziya n’insegero byari bisanzwe

639 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NZAJYIBWAMI Ferdinand mu Karere ka RUSIZI, ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017

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byubahwa kubera kuhasengera no kwitwa ahera bihinduka amabagiro y’Abatutsi, ndetse na bamwe mu bari bashinzwe kwigisha iyobokamana bahinduka abicanyi.

Kimwe mu bimenyetso bigaragaza uburyo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashingiye ku ngengabitekerezo yari yaracengejwe mu Banyarwanda, ni uburyo yitabiriwe n’abantu benshi kandi igakorwa mu gihe gito, ikanahitana abantu benshi. Imibare yavuye mu Nkiko Gacaca yerekana ko ibyaha byahamye abantu miliyoni imwe, ibihumbi magana atandatu mirongo irindwi n’umunani na magana atandatu na mirongo irindwi na babiri (1.678.672) kuri miliyoni 3.400.000 bari bujuje imyaka y’ubukure muri 1994, ni ukuvuga abari barengeje imyaka 18. Ubwo bwitabire bukabije mu gukora Jenoside ni imwe mu mpamvu zatumye bishoboka kwica abantu barenze miliyoni mu mezi 3. Ubushakashatsi bwa Minisiteri y’ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu bukaba bwaragaragaje ko hishwe Abatutsi Miliyoni imwe n’ibihumbi mirongo irindwi na bine n’Abantu cumi na barindwi (1.074.017). Muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu gusa hishwe Abatutsi ibihumbi mirongo itanu n’icyenda na magana arindwi na mirongo inani na batandatu (59 786).640

Ikindi cyerekanye ko ubukangurambaga bwa Jenoside bwari bwaracengeye mu bantu ni ubugome ndengakamere bwakoreshejwe mu kwica Abatutsi burimo gufata abantu bakabaga bakabotsa, gukubita imitwe y’impinja ku nkuta z’inzu, guhamba abantu ari bazima, kumenagura amashusho mu nsengero ngo asa n’Abatutsi n’ibindi. Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ikaba izwiho kuba ahantu habereye ibikorwa by’iyicarubozo bikomeye, birimo kubaga no kotsa brochette abicwaga, bakabarya. Ubwo bugome ni kimwe mu bimenyetso byerekana uburemere n’imiterere y’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, bukanerekana imbaraga nyinshi zigomba gushyirwa mu kuyirandura.

640 République du Rwanda, Ministère de l’Administration Locale, du Développent Communautaire et des Affaires Sociales. Dénombrement des Victimes du Génocide. Rapport Final. Version révisée, Kigali, 2004.

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8.2.3 Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Ingabo za RPF-Inkotanyi zimaze guhagarika Jenoside, ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yari nyinshi cyane hirya no hino mu Gihugu. Ikaba yarakunze kwigaragaza cyane cyane mu bikorwa byo guhohotera, gutuka no kubwira amagambo mabi ashinyagurira abarokotse jenoside, kwonona imitungo yabo n’ibindi. Binagaragarira kandi mu bikorwa byo kwangiza inzibutso, guhisha ibimenyetso bya Jenoside cyane cyane imibiri y’abazize Jenoside, guha ishingiro Jenoside, kuzimiza cyangwa gutesha agaciro ibimenyetso cyangwa amakuru byerekeye Jenoside n’ibindi. Ibyo byatumye kuva mu 1995 kugeza mu 2000 abarokotse Jenoside muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bakomeza kwicwa n’Interahamwe ziturutse muri Kongo no mu Ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Ubwicanyi bwarakomeje kugeza mu gihe Inkiko Gacaca zaciraga imanza abagize uruhare muri Jenoside. Aho inkiko Gacaca zisoreje imirimo yazo, kuva mu 2012, ubwicanyi bwakorerwaga abarokotse Jenoside bwaragabanutse. Ibyo bikagaragaza na none igabanuka ry’Ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Komisiyo y’Igihugu yo kurwanya Jenoside muri 2015, bwerekanye ko ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside yagiye igabanuka kuva muri 1995 kugera mu 2015 ku gipimo cya 83.9%.641 Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe na Komisiyo y’Ubumwe n’Ubwiyunge mu Kwakira 2010 bwerekanye kandi ko abantu benshi bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi 83% basabye imbabazi, bemera uruhare rwabo, bagaragaza ko bashyigikiye gahunda zose zo kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside. Ku ruhande rw’abiciwe, 85% bagaragaje ko bagize ubutwari bwo kwiyunga n’ababahekuye nubwo ari amahitamo atoroshye, ariko babigezeho kuri icyo kigero. N’ubwo ariko ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside igenda igabanuka, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu iracyagaragaramo ibikorwa by’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside bigaragazwa no guhohotera abarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Kuba Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ihana imbibi na Kongo ikibarizwamo abagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, bifatwa nk’imwe mu mpamvu

641 CNLG, Etat de l’idéologie du génocide au Rwanda :1995-2015, Kigali, 2015

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itera ukudashira kw’ibikorwa byibasira abarokotse Jenoside. Ibikorwa by’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside bikaba bikunda kwigaragaza cyane cyane mu gihe cyo Kwibuka, byiganjemo akenshi amagambo asesereza abarokotse jenoside, kwangiza imitungo yabo, kwica amatungo yabo n’ibindi.

Muri 2015, mu cyumweru cyo kwibuka ku nshuro ya 21 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hagaragaye ibikorwa bitandukanye by’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside: Mu Murenge wa Bugarama, ubwo hatangizwa icyumweru cyo kwibuka ku wa 7 Mata 2105, Mukangwije Verena w’imyaka 65 y’amavuko wo mu Kagari ka Ryankana yatwikiwe ikiraro cyarimo inka ye, abana bari aho hafi hamwe n’abaturage batari bitabiriye ibiganiro barahurura bajya kuzimya. Mu ijoro ryo ku wa 8 Mata 2015 ahagana saa sita za nijoro, Uwizeyimana Bernadette w’imyaka 30 y’amavuko utuye mu Kagari ka Pera, Umurenge wa Bugarama, ubwo yari aryamye, abantu bagiye ku idirishya ry’icyumba yari aryamyemo bamutera amabuye baramukomeretsa. Hari kandi Mukantagozera Solina warokotse Jenoside, watewe n’abagizi ba nabi mu rukerera rwo ku wa 13 Mata 2015, bamuboha amaguru n’amaboko, baramuhondagura ata ubwenge.642 Uretse ibyo bikorwa dutanze ho ingero byagaragaye mu Murenge wa Bugarama, ibikorwa byo guhohotera abarokotse Jenoside byagaragaye hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

Muri 2017, mu cyumweru cyo Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 23 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hagaragaye ibikorwa by’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside hirya no hino mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Ku wa mbere tariki 10 Mata 2017, Mu Murenge wa Bugarama, Akarere ka Rusizi, uwitwa Uwizeyimana Bernadete warokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994, avuga ko ahagana mu ma saa mbiri yatewe icyuma n’umuntu wari wambaye imyenda ya gisirikare wamusanze mu murima aho yahingaga, ku bw’amahirwe ararusimbuka. Uwizeyimana Bernadete asobanura ko uwo muntu yamuhamagaye, amwereka urutonde ruriho amazina ya bamwe mu barokotse n’abishwe muri Jenoside akamubaza aho baherereye, undi amusubiza ko abenshi mu bo amubaza bishwe muri Jenoside. Ngo yakomeje kumuhata ibibazo ageze aho amubwira ko agiye

642 CNLG, Raporo yo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku Nshuro ya 20, Kigali 2015

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kumwica. Aramubaza ati “Ko ngiye kukwica, nkwicishe isasu cyangwa icyuma?” Uwizeyimana yamusubije ko niba ashaka kumwica akwiye kumwicisha isasu, mu gihe akibimusubiza amutikura icyuma mu gahanga. Uwizeyimana yahise yikubita hasi, aratabaza. Wa muntu yumvise abantu bahuruye ahita ahunga.

Uretse bene ibyo bikorwa by’urugomo, hari kandi amagambo asesereza abwirwa abarokotse Jenoside yagiye agaragara hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu: Mu murenge wa Kamembe umugore yabwiye mugenzi we bakorana ngo “Ujye uhora usenga habeho icyunamo naho ubundi mba ngutsindagiye nk’uko twatsindagiye abo muri 94”. Mu murenge wa Gikundamvura umugore yabwiye umukobwa wabyaranye n’uwarokotse Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ngo “Ntunyirateho ngo nuko wabyaranye n’Umututsi nakurangiza”. Mu murenge wa Gashonga umuturage yabwiye abantu bari kureba amashusho n’indirimbo zijyanye no kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi kuri Televiziyo y’u Rwanda ngo “Mu Rwanda hapfuye abantu benshi ariko na Tingitingi hapfuye benshi kuki bo batabibuka?”. Muri Nyamasheke mu murenge wa Kanjongo umuturage yabwiye umusirikare wabakanguriraga kujya mu biganiro ngo “Ibihe byanyu murimo bizashira.”643

Muri 2018, mu cyumweru cyo Kwibuka ku nshuro ya 24 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi hagaragaye ibikorwa by’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside hirya no hino mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Polisi y’Igihugu igaragaza ko yakurikiranye dosiye 156 z’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside zigizwe ahanini no kuvuga amagambo ashinyagurira abarokotse Jenoside, kwangiza imitungo yabo, kubahohotera, guhakana no gupfobya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ndetse no kuyiha ishingiro. Muri dosiye 156 Polisi y’Igihugu yashyikirije Ubushinjacyaha, 4 zari izo mu Karere ka Rusizi, ni ukuvuga 2.6%; mu Karere ka Nyamasheke ho habonetse 1 ni ukuvuga 0.6%.644 Muri izo cases z’ingengabitekerezo harimo aho ku wa 21 Mata 2018 “Iyakaremye Nsekanabo Damien w’imyaka 68 na Habyarimana Theobard w’imyaka 55, bo mu Karere ka Rusizi, mu mudugudu wa Bubanga, Akagali ka Ntura, Umurenge wa Giheke; ubwo bari mu biganiro, bahagurutse maze bavuga ko mu mudugudu

643 CNLG, Raporo yo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku Nshuro ya 23, Kigali 2017644 CNLG, Raporo yo Kwibuka Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ku Nshuro ya 24, Kigali 2018.

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wabo nta muntu n’umwe urimo wazize Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi”. Ibyo babivuze bazi neza ko bahari cyane ko bari barafunguwe kubera kwemera no gusaba imbabazi k’uruhare bagize muri Jenoside. Bahise batabwa muri yombi, bashyikirizwa ubutabera, maze bahanishwa igifungo cy’imyaka 3 n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda ibihumbi magana atanu (500,000Frws).

Itegeko Nº 59/2018 ryo ku wa 22/8/2018 rihana icyaha cy’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’ibindi byaha bifitanye isano rihanisha ugaragayeho ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside igihano cy’igifungo kitari munsi y’imyaka itanu (5) ariko kitarenze imyaka irindwi (7) n’ihazabu y’amafaranga y’u Rwanda atari munsi y’ibihumbi magana atanu (500.000 FRW) ariko atarenze miliyoni imwe (1.000.000 FRW).”

8.2.4 Ingamba zo kurwanya ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu

N’ubwo yabaganutse cyane, ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside nta bwo iracika burundu mu bantu. Hari abayifite batinya kuyisohora kubera gutinya ingaruka byabagiraho nyuma yo kuyigaragaza. Kugira ngo ingengabitekerezo icike burundu, kwigisha biracyakenewe. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Karemera Emmanuel:

Hakozwe byinshi bishimangira ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu Banyarwanda, habaye Inkiko Gacaca ziburanisha imanza z’abagize uruhare muri Jenoside, ukuri kujya ahagaragara, bikuraho urwikekwe rwari muri benshi mu Banyarwanda. Muri iki gihe, iyo urebye muri rusange ubona ko abantu babanye neza, nta kwishishanya, barashyingirana, bagatabarana nta kibazo. Mu gihe cyo kwibuka abantu basigaye bitabira kandi kwibuka Jenoside bakabiha agaciro gakwiye ugereranyije na mbere, ubona ko hari intambwe nziza imaze guterwa. Gusa ariko haracyariho ibisigisigi by’imyumvire ya bamwe itanoze bishobora kuba intandaro y’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside, ni bike ariko birahari. Hari igihe haba akantu gato kandi gasanzwe ukumva hari abatangiye kongorerana ngo Leta y’inyenzi iratumaze, hagira abanyabyaha bafatwa

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ngo bakurikiranwe kubera amakosa bakoze, ukumva hirya no hino ngo mureke Abatutsi nabo ubwabo bamarane n’ibindi. Gusa akenshi usanga bene ibyo bitekerezo bifitwe n’abantu bakuze, kandi bakabivugira mu bwihisho kuko bazi neza ko uwo byagaragaraho yabihanirwa. Nubwo Leta yakoze byinshi kandi byiza, abantu baracyakeneye kwigishwa kugira ngo ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside iranduke burundu.645

Kwamagana abagifite ingengabitekerzo ya Jenoside bikaba bikwiye kongerwamo ingufu kuko ishobora gutuma ibikomere by’Abarokotse Jenoside bisubira ibubisi. Muri rusange ariko ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside irimo igenda igabanuka ugereranyije n’uko yari iteye Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ikimara guhagarikwa. Ntawashidikanya ko uko kugabanuka kw’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside bishingiye kuri gahunda nziza za Leta zigera ku Banyarwanda bose, harimo ihame ry’ubumwe bw’Abanyarwanda no guharanira inyungu z’u Rwanda n’Abanyarwanda muri rusange.

8.3 Ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zimaze kubohoza igihugu no guhagarika burundu Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, hakozwe ibishoboka byose kugira ngo umuryango nyarwanda wongere ube umwe, ube ingoro y’amahoro, bityo Abanyarwanda bahe agaciro gakwiye ibibahuza kurusha ibibatandukanya.

8.3.1 Imibanire y’abatuye Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi imaze guhagarikwa muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, benshi mu bakoze Jenoside bagahungira muri Kongo, imibanire y’abatuye Cyangugu ntiyari myiza. Abaturage babanaga bishishanya, mu rwikekwe, buri wese areba mugenzi we akumva ko amaherezo azamugirira nabi. Kayumba Sebastien asobanura ko “Umuhutu yatinyaga Umututsi kubera ko bari baratwiciye, Umututsi nawe akumva guturana n’Umuhutu ari ikibazo kubera ko yamwiciye”.646

645 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAREMERA Emmanuel mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 11 Ukwakira 2017646 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAYUMBA Sebastien mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 9 Ukwakira 2017.

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Imibanire yakomeje kuba mibi cyane kugera mu 1998 kubera ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakomeje kuranga Interahamwe zazaga muri Cyangugu ziturutse muri Kongo no mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Muri icyo gihe Interahamwe zakomeje guhungabanya umutekano, zikica abarokotse Jenoside n’undi wese wifatanyije n’Inkotanyi, zikangiza ibikorwa remezo birimo gutwika inzu z’ubuyobozi nka Komini n’ibindi. Ni muri ubwo bugizi bwa nabi Interahamwe zatwitse Komini Karengera na Komini Nyakabuye, maze zica Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera Madamu Mukandori Anne Marie wishwe ku wa 11 Gicurasi 1996 na Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye Mukabaranga Judith wishwe ku wa 28 Ukwakira 1996 n’abandi baturage bahasiga ubuzima. Nk’uko bisobanurwa na Tabaro Assiel,

Jenoside imaze guhagarikwa n’ingabo za RPF-Inkotanyi, Interahamwe ntizanyuzwe kuko zakomeje kuva muri Kongo zikagaruka kwica Abarokotse Jenoside bari begereye imipaka. Hari kandi Interahamwe zabaga mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe zari ziyobowe na Gahutu wakomokaga muri Komini Karengera bahoraga basohoka ishyamba bakica abaturage hirya no hino. Gahutu we yabanaga na Yusufu Munyakazi mu Kamanyola, DRC, akaba ariho yagabaga ibitero aturutse. Interahamwe za Gahutu zishe abantu benshi barimo Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera Madamu Mukandori Anne Marie, bica umucuruzi witwaga Gashehera n’abana n’umugore we n’abandi. Batwitse kandi Komini Karengera, infungwa zose zari zihari barazirekura. Bari bafite ubugome burenze kuburyo kuwa 4 Gashyantare 1997 bishe n’abazungu 2 bari abakorerabushake b’umuryango uharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu (Droits de l’Homme), babicira muri Gaseke i Ruharambuga babarasiye mu modoka, barangije baca umutwe w’umwe muri bo barawutwara. Babicanye kandi n’umunyarwanda bari kumwe. Imodoka barimo bahise bayitwara, imirambo bayisiga aho. Izo Nterahamwe zigeze muri Rwabidege imodoka bayitaye aho, bakomeza n’amaguru basubira mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Ubwo bwicanyi bwatumye imiryango mpuzamahanga myinshi yakoreraga muri Cyangugu ihakura abakozi bayo, igaruka nyuma y’umwaka umutekano umaze kwizerwa.647

647 African Rigts, John Yusufu Munyakazi, Un génocidaire devenue refugié, 6 juin 1997, p.22; Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya TABARO Assiel mu Karere ka NYAMASHEKE ku wa 17 Ugushyingo 2017.

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Ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi bwakomeje kuranga Interahamwe byatumaga abaturage barushaho kwishishanya, nta we ugirira icyizere mugenzi we. Kugira ngo umutekano usesuye ugaruke muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, abaturage bongere babane nta kwishishinya, Leta yashishikarije abaturage kwitandukanya n’abakoze Jenoside hamwe n’abacengezi babaga mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi zimaze kunoza imikoranire n’abaturage mu kubungabunga umutekano no guhangana n’Interahamwe, maze izari mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe zikameneshwa, Gahutu wari uziyoboye akahasiga ubuzima, abaturage n’abasirikare bagafatanya mu kurinda inkike za Cyangugu, uko gushyira hamwe mu gucunga umutekano byatumye abaturage bose babona ko kwishyira hamwe aribyo bibafitiye inyungu.

Buhoro buhoro ubumwe n’ubwiyunge hagati y’abatuye muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bwagiye bushinga imizi kubera gahunda zitandukanye Leta yagiye ishyiraho zigamije kongera kubanisha abanyarwanda harimo Inkiko Gacaca, Ingando, Umuganda, Girinka, Ndi Umunyarwanda, n’ibindi. Hari kandi Abihayimana bashyize ingufu mu kubaka ubumwe n’ubwiyunge, batanga mu byiciro binyuranye ibiganiro bigamije kubatoza gukemura amakimbirane nta rugomo (Non-violence active et évangélique), bashishikariza abagize uruhare muri Jenoside kwemera ibyaha no gusaba imbabazi, ari nako bashishikariza abarokotse Jenoside gutanga imbabazi n’ibindi.

Nyuma y’imyaka 25 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ihagaritswe na FPR-Inkotanyi, abaturage bamaze kurenga ibibatanya, buri wese yibona nk’Umunyarwanda. Muri rusange, umubare munini w’abaturage bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu babanye neza kubera ubuyobozi bwiza Igihugu gifite.

N’ubwo ariko muri rusange abaturage babanye neza muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu haracyari bake bakirebera mu ndorerwamo y’amoko, ndetse hari n’abagifite ingengabitekerezo y’amacakubiri n’iya Jenoside. Ibyo bikagaragaza ko ubumwe n’ubwiyunge butaraba 100%. Ni muri urwo rwego ingamba zashyizweho zimakaza ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu banyarwanda zakomeza, kandi ubushake bwa buri Munyarwanda wese bukaba ngombwa mu gushimangira Ndi Umunyarwanda.

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8.3.2 Uruhare rw’Inkiko Gacaca mu guca umuco wo kudahana no gushimangira ubumwe n’ubwiyunge

Umuco mubi wo kudahana ibyaha bishingiye ku ivanguramoko wimitswe mu Rwanda kuva mu 1959, ni imwe mu mpamvu zatinyuye abashyize mu bikorwa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Kubera ko nta mumtu n’umwe wari warigeze ahanirwa guhohotera cyangwa kwica Umututsi, byageze aho umuco wo kudahana uhabwa intebe ndetse wemeza igice kimwe cy’abaturage ko mu izina ry’ubwinshi bw’abagize ubwoko, byose byashobokaga.

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Leta yakoze ibisho-boka byose mu kurandura umuco wo kudahana. Nibwo Inkiko Gacaca zagiyeho kandi zikora akazi gakomeye ko kuburanisha abantu benshi mu gihe gito. Kuba inkiko Gacaca zaraciye imanza z’abarenga miliyoni, ni ikimenyetso kiragagaza gahunda ya Leta mu kurwanya umuco wo kudahana wari warokanywe mu banyarwanda. Nk’uko Bagirishya JMV abisobanura:

Mbere ya Jenoside, guhohotera Umututsi nta cyo byatwaraga Umuhutu. Wasanganga bangiza ibyacu, wavuga bagakubita, wareba nabi ukaba wanakicwa. Hano iwacu ho kuva mu 1959, buri gihe Abatutsi bahoraga babajujubya, kandi ababikora ntihagire icyo babatwara. Muri rusange Umututsi yari umuntu uraho usanzwe, nta we ushobora kumurenganura igihe cyose yarenganywa. Ibyo nibyo byatumye muri Jenoside Abahutu bakaza umurego, kubera ko bari bazi neza ko nta nkurikiza, ahubwo ko bagomba kwitwarira ibyacu. Tukaba dushima Inkiko Gacaca kubera ko noneho uwagize uruhare muri Jenoside wese yaraburanishijwe kandi barahamwe. Kumva ko wahohotera mugenzi wawe ntuhamwe ubu byavuye mu mitwe y’abantu. Leta yarakoze cyane rwose.648

Inkiko Gacaca zagize uruhare runini mu kugaragaza ukuri kujyanye n’amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, zifasha abarokotse Jenoside kumenya uko imiryango yabo yishwe n’aho bagiye bajugunywa. Ibyo byatumye bamwe mu


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bagize uruhare muri Jenoside babasha kwerekana aho imibiri y’abishwe yajugunywe, bityo bifasha abarokotse Jenoside gushyingura ababo mu cyubahiro. Muri rusange Inkiko Gacaca zashyize ukuri ahagaragara, zikuraho urujijo, zishishikariza abakoze Jenoside kwirega no gusaba imbabazi, maze zivanaho ubwishishanye bwari cyane cyane hagati y’abarotse Jenoside n’imiryango y’ababiciye. Nk’uko byemezwa na Ruterana Thaddé,

Inkiko Gacaca zazanye umuti wunga kuko zafashije abakoze ibyaha kumva uburemere bw’ibyaha bakoze maze basaba imbabazi. Kwirega, kwemera ibyaha no gusaba imbabazi byatumaga tumenya amakuru y’aho abacu bajugumywe, uburyo bishwe n’ababishe, bityo imitima yacu ikaruhuka. Erega kutamenya aho umuvandimwe wawe yajugunywe ngo umushyingure mu cyubahiro bitera intimba idashira. Nyuma yo gusaba imbabazi, n’ubwo byari bigoye, abarokotse Jenoside nabo bahaye agaciro ugutakamba kw’abatwiciye, dutanga imbabazi. Ibyo byatumye abantu babasha kongera kuganira nta wishisha undi, bigarura umubano mwiza hagati yacu, ubu tukaba tubanye neza.649

N’ubwo ariko inkiko Gacaca zahannye abakoze Jenoside, zikagaragaza ukuri, zikanagira uruhare rukomeye mu bumwe n’ubwiyunge mu banyarwanda, abatangabuhamya bagaragaza ko hakiri imanza zimwe na zimwe zaciwe n’inkiko Gacaca zirimo izitararangizwa cyane cyane izerekeranye n’imitungo yangijwe muri Jenoside. Ibyo bikaba bifatwa na bamwe nk’imbogamizi y’ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bwuzuye. Nk’uko Ndagijimana Laurent abisobanura:

Ikibazo gihari kugeza ubu ni ikijyanye n’imitungo yangijwe muri Jenoside ikaba itarishyurwa, ugasanga imiryango y’abayangije nta bushake bafite bwo kwishyura, abantu bakirirwa basiragira mu nzego ariko bikaba iby’ubusa. Ibyo tukaba tubibona nk’imbogamizi mu bumwe n’ubwiyunge.650

Muri rusange, intambwe imaze guterwa mu gushimangira ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu irashimishije. Muri urwo rwego uruhare rwa buri wese ni

649 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya RUTERANA Thaddé mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 12 Ukwakira 2017.650 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya NDAGIJIMANA Laurent mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 10 Ukwakira 2017.

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ngombwa kugira ngo harwanywe inzitizi iyo ariyo yose yabangamira ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bumaze kugerwaho. Hakenewe kandi ubufatanye bw’inzego za Leta, sosiyete sivili n’abikorera mu gushimangira ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bw’Abanyarwanda, hashyirwa imbere ubunyarwanda n’inyungu z’Abanyarwanda muri rusange mbere yo kwibonamo amoko, amasano, idini, akarere, igitsina n’ibindi.

8.3.3 Uruhare rwa Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald mu gushimangira ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu yahoze ari Perefegi- tura ya Cyangugu

Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald yavukiye mu yahoze ari Komini Karengera, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu muri Gashyantare 1955. Ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa, Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald yari muri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke, ahungirwaho n’imbaga itabarika y’Abatutsi bari batangiye kwicwa, akagerageza kubarwanaho, ariko amaherezo baza kubica nyuma yo kuhava ajyanywe kuri Diyosezi i Cyangugu, aho yarokokeye.

Nyuma ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald yoherejwe kuyobora Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mushaka iherereye mu yahoze ari Komini Gishoma, ubu ni mu Murenge wa Rwimbogo, Akarere ka Rusizi. Amaze kubona ibikomere Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yasize mu mitima y’abayirokotse n’abayikoze, yatangije igikorwa cy’isanamitima yise “Gacaca Nkirisitu” muri Paruwasi ya Mushaka. Icyo gikorwa cyari kigamije gufasha abayoboke ba Kiriziya Gatolika bagize uruhare muri Jenoside kwemera ibyaha, kwirega no gusaba imbabazi; ikanafasha abarokotse Jenoside kwakira ibyabaye no gutanga imbabazi kubabahemukiye.

Uretse kwigisha abakirisitu muri Kiliziya, Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald yanajyaga mu ma gereza, akajya kwigisha abakoze ibyaha kwihana bagasaba imbabazi, hanyuma agahindukira akajya gusaba abiciwe kubabarira ababahemukiye. Uko niko Padiri Ubald yashinze icyo yise “Sinodi na Gacaca Nkirisitu” aho kwirega no gusabana imbabazi byatojwe abaturage bo muri Paruwasi ya Mushaka no muri Diyosezi ya Cyangugu muri rusange.

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Kuva mu 2006, Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald yasuye incuro nyinshi abagororwa ba gereza i Cyangugu, akorana nabo umwiherero, yigisha abagororwa bagize uruhare muri Jenoside kumva ububi n’uburemere bw’ibyaha bakoze, maze abasaba kwandikira abo bakoreye ibyaha kugira ngo bazahure basabane imbabazi. Ibyo byatumye abenshi mu bagororwa bandikira imiryango y’abo biciye, babyibwirije, basaba imbabazi.

Nyuma yo kwigisha abagororwa bagize uruhare muri Jenoside, Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald yafashe na none umwanya wo kwigisha abakorewe ibyaha ababwira ko n’Imana ubwayo yatanze imbabazi bityo uzagusaba imbabazi uzazimuhe. Yafashe kandi abarokoye Abatutsi muri Jenoside nabo abakoresha imyiherero. Arangije gukorana imyiherere n’ibyo byiciro uko ari bitatu, Padiri yabahurije hamwe, buri wese atanga icyifuzo cy’uko yumva ibintu byagenda kugira ngo babane neza, babane Gikirisitu. Muri uwo mwiherero rero abishe bagiye bagaragaza ko n’ubwo bishe ariko bafite umutima wo kugaruka bagasubizwa muri kamere-muntu; abiciwe nabo wasangaga bafite umutima wo gutanga imbabazi, abafashije Abatutsi kurokoka bo bari abahuza. Ibyo byatumye abakirisitu ba Paruwasi Gatolika ya Mushaka ndetse n’ahandi bashobora gutera intambwe ikomeye mu bumwe n’ubwiyunge cyane cyane hagati y’abarokotse jenoside n’ababiciye.651

Icyo gikorwa cy’isanamitima cyatumye benshi bemera uruhare bagize muri jenoside, basaba imbabazi abo bahemukiye, cyageze no mu zindi paruwasi zirimo Paruwasi ya Ntendezi, Mashyuza, Shangi na Nkanka zo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Icyo gikorwa cyageze kandi no muri Diyosezi ya Butare na Diyosezi ya Kigali muri Paruwasi ya Nyamata. Ahabera icyo gikorwa hose, Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald ahuriza hamwe abarokotse Jenoside n’abakoze Jenoside, akabasaba kuba umwe, abakoze Jenoside bagasaba imbabazi bityo bagakira ipfunwe n’ikimwaro bahorana.

651 Ikiganiro n’umutangabuhamya KAREMERA Trojan mu Karere ka RUSIZI ku wa 18 Ukwakira 2017

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Kubera uruhare rwa Padiri Rugirangoga Ubald mu guharanira ubumwe n’ubwiyunge mu Banyarwanda, yatoranyijwe ku rwego rw’igihugu nk’umwe mu barinzi b’igihango 17 bari mu mujishi wa Ndi Umunyarwanda bashimirwa ko bimakaje ubumwe n’ubwiyunge bambikwa umudari w’Ishimwe na Nyakubahwa Perezida wa Repubulika Paul Kagame mu 2016 .

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UMWANZURO

Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu 1994 ni ubwicanyi bwateguwe igihe kirekire kandi bushyigikiwe n’inzego zose: iza gisivile n’iza gisirikare. Ku mabwiriza y’abayobozi mu nzego zo hejuru, abategetsi mu nzego z’ibanze (abaperefe, ababurugumesitiri n’abakonseye) bashishikarije ibikorwa byo guhiga no kwica Abatutsi hirya no hino mu makomini. Ibyo byatumye hicwa abantu benshi mu gihe gito, bicwa n’abo bari baturanye, basanzwe baziranye.

Ubushakashatsi ku mateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bwakorewe mu Turere tubiri twa Rusizi na Nyamasheke. Utwo turere twombi twasimbuye amakomine cumi n’imwe (11) yari agize Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu 1994.

Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi bikubiye mu bice umunani by’ingenzi. Igice cya mbere kigaragaza amavu n’amavuko ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, imiterere yayo n’uburyo ubuyobozi bwayo bwayoboye abaturage kuva mu 1959 ubwo yitwaga Teritwari ya Shangugu yahindutse Perefegitura ya Cyangugu mu 1961, kugera mu 1994 ubwo Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyirwaga mu bikorwa. Kigaragaza kandi mu buryo bw’incamake uko abaturage bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bari babanye mbere y’ubukoloni, mu gihe cy’ubukoloni na nyuma y’ubwigenge kugera mu 1993.

Igice cya kabiri cy’ubu bushakashatsi kigaragaza mu buryo burambuye uburyo Abatutsi bakorewe ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi bihoraho kuva mu 1959 kugera mu 1990. Ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, Abatutsi batangiye guhohoterwa no kwicwa kuva mu mpera zo mu 1959 mu cyiswe Révolution Sociale. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza uburyo Abatutsi bameneshejwe, bahungira mu bihugu by’ibituranyi bya DRC n’u Burundi.

Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko ubwicanyi bwakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bwafashe intera yo hejuru mu 1963, nyuma y’igitero cy’Inyenzi mu Bugarama no mu Bweyeye i Cyangugu. Hishwe umubare munini w’Abatutsi bicirwa muri Kasho za Komini, kuri Perefegitura

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no mu ishyamba rya Nyungwe. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaraza ababashije kumenyekana bishwe muri buri Komini, uburyo bafashwe n’ababigizemo uruhare. Bugaragaza kandi ababashije kwamagana ubwo bwicanyi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu barimo Padiri Mukuru wa Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke Henri Bazot, Musenyeri Aloys Bigirumwami wayoboraga Diyosezi ya Nyundo yari ihuje Perefegitura ya Gisenyi, Kibuye na Cyangugu n’abandi.

Mu 1973, mbere y’uko Habyarimana Juvénal ahirika ku butegetsi Perezida Kayibanda Grégoire, Abatutsi bongeye kwibasirwa muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, abanyeshuri n’abakozi b’Abatutsi barirukanwa mu mashuri no mu kazi. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza amazina y’ababashije kumenyekana birukanywe muri buri Komini. Abenshi mu Batutsi birukanywe mu kazi no mu mashuri bahise bahungira mu bihugu by’ibituranyi bya RDC n’u Burundi. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza kandi uburyo Abanyeshuri b’Abahutu bigaga mu Ishuri ry’Abadahinyuka (Institut Saint Cyprien) i Nyamasheke bagize uruhare rukomeye mu kumenesha bagenzi babo b’Abatutsi biganaga, bajya no kwirukana Abatutsi bigaga mu ishuri ry’Ababikira (Institut Sainte Famille) mu Mataba. Nyuma yo kumenesha bagenzi babo b’abanyeshuri, bateye n’abapadiri bari kuri Paruwasi ya Nyamasheke barabakubita, bakomeretsa bikomeye Padiri Kajyibwami Modeste, Padiri Matajyabo Robert na Padiri Padiri Kambari Mathias.

Igice cya gagatu kigaragaza mu buryo burambuye uburyo Abatutsi bakorewe ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi kuva mu 1990 kugera mu 1993. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko kuva mu 1990 ubwo FPR-Inkotanyi yatangiraga urugamba rwo kuhohora igihugu, Abatutsi benshi mu makomini yose ya Perefegitura ya Cyangugu bafunzwe bababeshyera ko ari ibyitso by’Inkotanyi. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ababashije kumenyekana bafunzwe muri buri Komini n’abagize uruhare mu ifatwa ryabo. Uretse gufungwa, ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana kandi uburyo imiryango yari ifite abana bataba mu ngo yatotejwe cyane, bababeshyera ko babohereje mu Nkotanyi. Muri rusange, umutekano wabaye mubi ku witwa Umututsi wese.

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Ubushakashatsi bwerekana kandi ko kuva mu 1992, nyuma y’itangira ry’amashyaka menshi mu Rwanda, Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yaranzwe no gushyamirana kw’amashyaka kwa hato na hato, cyane cyane hagati y’abarwanashyaka ba MDR yari iyobowe ku rwego rw’igihugu n’Umunyacyangugu Twagiramungu Faustin utaravugaga rumwe n’ubutegetsi bwa Habyarimana, abarwanashyaka ba MRND yari ku butegetsi n’abarwanashyaka ba CDR nayo yari iyobowe ku rwego rw’igihugu n’Umunyacyangugu Bucyana Martirn. Buri gushyamirana iteka kwakurikirwaga no guhohotera Abatutsi.

Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana uburyo kwibasira Abatutsi byafashe intera yo hejuru nyuma y’urupfu rwa Bucyana Martin wari Perezida wa CDR, ku wa 22 Gashyantare 1994, aho Impuzamugambi za CDR ziraye mu Batutsi zirica, amazu ziratwika, imitungo zirasahura, abarokotse bahungira kuri Paruwasi Katedarali ya Cyangugu. Kuva ubwo, ibikorwa by’urugomo no kwica Abatutsi byarakomeje ku buryo byageze mu 1994 imitwe y’abantu yaramaze gushyuha, ubukangurambaga bwaramaze gucengeza mu baturage bose ko Abatutsi ari abanzi b’igihugu. Igice cya kane cy’ubu bushakashatsi kigaragaza uburyo umugambi wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu wateguwe. Mu buryo burambuye, ubushakashatsi bwerekana uburyo imitwe yitwara gisirikare yashyizweho, igahabwa imyitozo ya gisirikare n’ibikoresho by’ubwicanyi byifashishijwe mu ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya Jenoside. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza na none inama zakoreshejwe kuva ku rwego rwa Perefegitura kugera ku rwego rwa Komini, hanozwa umugambi wo kwica Abatutsi.

Igice cya gatanu kigaragaza mu buryo burambuye uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyizwe mu bikorwa hirya no hino mu makomini. Bwerekana uburyo Interahamwe zabyukaga zijya kwica Abatutsi zigacyurwa n’ijoro. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana kandi uburyo abategetsi bakoresheje amayeri menshi harimo gukusanyiriza Abatutsi ahantu hamwe, cyane cyane mu nsengero, bagamije kubicira hamwe mu buryo butabagoye kandi nta we ucitse.

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Kubera ko Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yari ifite Interahamwe zikomeye zo mu Bugarama, zari ziyobowe na Yusufu Munyakazi, ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza na none uburyo izo Nterahamwe zarenze imbibi za Perefegitura ya Cyangugu zijya kwica Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Kibuye mu Bisesero no ku musozi wa Kizenga. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza uburyo abategetsi ba Perefegitura na komini banogeje uwo mugambi, bategura ibikoresho n’ibindi byose Interahamwe zizifasha, maze ku wa 13 no ku wa 14 Gicurasi 1994 Interahamwe za Yusufu Munyakazi zijya kwica Abatutsi ku Kibuye mu buryo bwateguwe neza kandi bushyigikiwe n’ubuyobozi bwa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

Igice cya gatandatu kigaragaza uruhare rw’abategetsi bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, umwe ku wundi, muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Abenshi bahamijwe ibyaha bya Jenoside n’Inkiko abandi bakaba bagishakishwa n’ubutabera. Kuvuga amazina yabo ni igihamya gifasha urubyiruko kumenya abahekuye u Rwanda, abishe abavandimwe n’abaturanyi ba bo babaziza uko bavutse, ibyo bikabarinda gutera ikirenge mu bibi bakoze. Iki gice kigaragaza uburyo insoresore z’Abarundi bakiriwe nk’impunzi mu Rwanda mu 1993, nyuma y’imvururu n’ubwicanyi byakurikiye urupfu rwa Perezida Ndadaye Melchior bagize uruhare muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi. Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana uburyo impunzi z’Abarundi zakwirakwije ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, n’uburyo bafatanyije n’Interahamwe kwica Abatutsi muri Jenoside. Iki gice kigaragaza kandi uruhare rw’amadini muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi i Cyangugu, dore ko umubare munini w’Abatutsi bishwe i Cyangugu waguye mu nsengero. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko bamwe mu bihayimana nta cyo bakoze ngo barokore abahigwaga, ahubwo ahenshi barabatereranye, abandi biyambura umwambaro wera w’abatambyi bifatanya n’abicanyi mu kwica Abatutsi.

Igice cya gatandatu kigaragaza kandi uruhare rw’abasirikare b’Abafaransa muri Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abasirikare b’Abafaransa bamaze kugera i Cyangugu baje muri Opération turquoise nta cyo bakoze ngo barengere Abatutsi bicwaga bazira uko bavutse, kandi byaravugwaga ko baje mu butumwa bw’ubutabazi ku bari mu kaga. Aho

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guhagarika Jenoside, abasirikare b’Abafaransa barebereye ubwicanyi, bakorana n’Interahamwe ku mugaragaro, bamwe muri bo basambanya abari n’abategarugori ku ngufu, ibikorwa remezo byangizwa n’Interahamwe bareba n’ibindi. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko abasirikare b’Abafaransa bamaze kubona ko ingabo za FAR zatsinzwe na FPR-Inkotanyi, bafashe umwanzuro wo gufasha Interahamwe, abasirikare ba FAR n’abategetsi bakuru b’igihugu guhungira muri DRC mu mutekano usesesuye. Abategetsi bamaze guhunga, abasirikare b’Abafaransa bashishikarije abaturage basanzwe guhunga, bababwira ko abo Inkotanyi zisanga mu gihugu zihita zibica. Ibyo byatumye abaturage bose bahungira muri DRC, abenshi bagenda bisenyeye amazu bavuga ko bagiye ubutazagaruka.

Igice cya karindwi cy’ubu bushakashatsi kigaragaza umwihariko wa Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu, ugereranyije n’ibindi bice by’Igihugu. Ubushakashatsi bugaragaza ko Perefegitura ya Cyangugu ifite umwihariko wo: (1) kuba abicanyi bo muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu baragize umwanya uhagije wo kwica Abatutsi, kuva muri Mata kugera mu mpera z’ukwezi kwa Kanama ubwo ingabo za RPF-Inkotanyi zageraga i Cyangugu, zikahashyira ibirindiro, (2) gukurikirana no kwica Abatutsi bahungiye mu bihugu by’ibituranyi (Uburundi na DRC), (3) kuba amazi akikije Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yarabujije Abatutsi guhunga, abenshi bakayajugunywamo, (4) kuba Cyangugu yari ifite amashyaka menshi yaranzwe no kwibasira Abatutsi bya hato na hato, (5) kuba abicanyi barakoreye Abatutsi iyicarubozo rikabije, (5) kuba abategetsi b’i Cyangugu barashyizeho inkambi ya Nyarushishi yakusanyirijwemo Abatutsi ku bw’amahirwe abenshi bakaharokokera, (6) kuba Cyangugu yarimo abasirikare baje muri Opération Turquoise ariko ntihagire icyo bakora mu guhagarika Jenoside, (7) kuba Cyangugu yari ifite Interahamwe zikomeye za Yusufu Munyakazi zagiye kwica no hanze ya Cyangugu ku Kibuye mu Bisesero no ku musozi wa Kizenga, no (7) kuba i Cyangugu ari ho abategetsi bakuru b’igihugu bahungiye bahava berekeza muri RDC nyuma yo gutsindwa burundu n’ingabo za RPF-Inkotanyi.

Igice gisoza gisesengura ingaruka za Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, imiterere y’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside n’ubumwe

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n’ubwiyunge muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu nyuma y’imyaka 25 Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ihagaritswe n’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi. Ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza ko nyuma yo guhagarika Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi, Guverinoma yaharaniye ko Abanyarwanda bunga ubumwe, bakarwanya ibibatanya, bakimakaza Ubunyarwanda bubahuza, birindi ivangura n’ibindi bikorwa byose by’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside.

Muri rusange, ubu bushakashatsi bugaragaza mu buryo bucukumbuye ibikorwa by’urugomo n’ubwicanyi byakorewe Abatutsi mu yahoze ari Perefegitura ya Cyangugu kuva mu 1959 kugera mu 1993 n’uko Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi yashyizwe mu bikorwa hirya no hino muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Bugaragaza kandi uburyo ubumwe n’ubwiyunge n’ingengabitekerezo ya Jenoside bihagaze nyuma y’imyaka 25 Jenoside ihagaritswe n’ingabo za FPR-Inkotanyi.

Kwandika amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni ugufasha Abanyarwanda n’Abanyamahanga kumenya ukuri. Ni imwe mu ntwaro zo guhangana n’abagishaka gupfobya no guhakana iyi Jenoside. Na none, kwandika amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi ni uburyo bwo kwigisha urubyiruko amateka nyayo y’u Rwanda, baba abari bato cyane mu gihe cya Jenoside, abavutse mu gihe cya Jenoside ndetse na nyuma yayo, bakamenya ukuri nyako ku byabaye, bityo bakirinda ko byakongera kubaho ukundi. Kugaragaza ukuri kw’amateka ya Jenoside yakorewe Abatutsi bifitiye kandi akamaro gakomeye abatazi ibyabaye, harimo n’Abanyarwanda bari mu mahanga bumva bavuga Jenoside, bakumva ububi n’uburemere bwayo, ariko bagashyirwamo gushidikanya n’abababeshya kuko badafite ukuri guhagije.

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Imanza zaciwe n’Urukiko Mpuzamahanga Mpanabyaha rwashyi-riweho u Rwanda Arusha muri Tanzaniya

- ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Ntakirutimana Elizaphan na Ntakirutimana Gérard, Case No Case No ICTR-96-10, na No ICTR-96-17-T, 2003

- ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Nchamihigo Siméon, (Case No. ICTR-01-63-T), Arusha, 2010.

- ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Minisitiri André Ntagerura, Emmanuel Bagambiki, na Samuel Imanishimwe, (Ntagerura et al. (Cyangugu) ICTR-99-46)., Arusha, 2006.

- ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Munyakazi Yusufu, (Munyakazi Yusufu (ICTR-97-36A), Arusha, 2011.

- ICTR, Urubanza Ubushinjacyaha buregamo Théoneste Bagosora, Gratien Kabiligi , Aloys Ntabakuze, Anatole Nsengiyumva, Case No. ICTR-98-41-T, Judgement and Sentence, igika cya 278, urupapuro rwa 66, 18 Ukuboza 2008.

Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca

- Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagali ka Murangi, Umurenge wa Gihundwe B, Akarere ka Rusizi.

- Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagali ka Ruganda, Umurenge wa Gihundwe B, Akarere ka Rusizi.

- Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru

414

mu Kagali ka Rweya, Umurenge wa Nkanka, Akarere ka Rusizi.

- Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagali ka Muyange, Umurenge wa Nkanka, Akarere ka Rusizi.

- Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagali ka Kamanyenga, Umurenge wa Nkanka, Akarere ka Rusizi.

- Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagali ka Batero, Umurenge wa Kamembe, Akarere ka Rusizi.

- Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagali ka Gatovu, Umurenge wa Kamembe, Akarere ka Rusizi.

- Inyandiko z’Inkiko Gacaca, igitabo cy’ikusanyamakuru mu Kagali ka Gatovu, Umurenge wa Kamembe, Akarere ka Rusizi.

415


UMUGEREKA

1. INYANDIKO Z’UBUYOBOZI ZIFASHISHIJWE MURI UBU BUSHAKASHATSI

1.1. Ibaruwa No770/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 6 Ugushyingo 1990 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera Natete Fulgence yandikiye Porokireri wa Repubulika i Cyangugu amugezaho raporo kuri Kampayana Jean ukekwaho kuba icyitso cy’inyangarwanda

416

1.2. Ibaruwa No 805/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 13 Ugushyingo 1990 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Nyakabuye yandikiye Porokireri wa Repubulika i Cyangugu amumenyesha umwanzuro wafatiwe abakekwa ko ari ibyitso by’inyangarwanda

417


1.3. Ibaruwa No 102/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 04 Gashyantare 1991 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho inyandikomvugo y’akanama k’umutekano kaguye kateranye ku wa 21 Mutarama 1991

419


421


422

1.4. Ibaruwa No 102/04.09/1yo ku wa 09 Gashyantare 1991 Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho inyandikomvugo y’inama yo ku wa 23 Mutarama 1991

423


425


427


429


1.5. Ibaruwa No E/153/D.11/A/Proré yo ku wa 06 Gashyantare 1991 Porokireri wa Repubulika i Cyangugu yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ubutabera amugezaho inyandikomvugo y’inama yo ku wa 6 Gashyantare 1991 yagiranye n’Abagenzacyaha ba Kanto muri Cyangugu.

431


433


434

1.6. Ibaruwa No 653/04.09.01/4 yo ku wa 10 Kamena 1991 iri ku mugereka, Burugumesitiri wa Komini Karengera Natete Fulgence yandikiye Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu amugezaho raporo y’umutekano

435


437


1.7. Ibaruwa No0238/04.17.02 yo ku wa 18 Gashyantare 1992 Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu KAGIMBANGABO Andereya yandikiye Minisitiri w’Imirimo n’imibereho myiza y’Abaturage amugezaho raporo y’ubutumwa mu Ruhengeri muri Komini Butaro ku wa 6 Gashyantare 1992.

439


441


442

1.8. Ibaruwa No01595/04.09.01/4 yo kuwa 18 Nzeri 1992, Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu n’Amajyambere ya Komini amugezaho inyandikomvugo y’inama y’umutekano.

443


445


447


449


1.9. Ibaruwa yo ku wa 9 Nzeri 1992, Perefe wa Perefegitura ya Cyangugu yandikiye Minisitiri w’Ubutegetsi bw’Igihugu n’Amajyambere ya Komini amugezaho inyandikomvugo y’inama yagiranye n’abahagarariye amashyaka muri Perefegitura ya Cyangugu.

451


453


455


2. URUTONDE RW’ABATANZE UBUHAMYA MURI UBU BUSHAKASHATSI

No AMAZINA 1 Alimas George Daniel2 Bagirishya Jean Marie Vianney3 Bakunzibake Viateur4 Bamporiki Jacqueline5 Bapfakurera Jean 6 Baranyeretse Laurent7 Bayibarire Cyprien8 Bayingana Félix9 Bigirimana Chadrack10 Bigoboka Landouard11 Bizumukiza Eric 12 Boduwe Révelien13 Bucyana Epainette14 Gahunga Célestin15 Gakwaya Fréderic 16 Gakwaya Simon17 Gasigwa Christophe18 Gasigwa Coloneil Fidèle19 Gatana Athanase20 Gatarayiha Gérome21 Gatsitsi Paul 22 Gishoma Jean Berchmans23 Habarurema Jean Paul 24 Habimana Casmir25 Habimana Elisa26 Habinshuti Thomas27 Habiyambere Innocent 28 Habiyaremye Emmanuel29 Habiyaremye Ladislas

456

30 Habiyaremye Védaste31 Habumugisha Jean Baptiste 32 Habyarimana Gérard 33 Hagenimana Emmanuel34 Hakiba Jonathan35 Hakizimana Fabien 36 Hakundimana Narcisse 37 Hamenyimana Calixte alias Findo38 Harerimana André39 Hategeka Vianney40 Hategekimana Claver 41 Hategekimana Paul42 Havugimana Sébastien43 Idi Haruna44 Kabahizi Denys45 Kabayiza Calixte 46 Kabera Dominique 47 Kagorora Jacques48 Kamarampaka Mathieu49 Kamashabi Pangras50 Kambogo Costasie51 Kamugwera Françoise52 Kanamugire Gérvais 53 Kanani Aphrodis54 Kanimba Canisius55 Kanyabashi Thomas56 Kanyamibwa Marcel57 Kanyegerero Potien58 Kanyemera Aloys59 Kanyenzi Patrice60 Karemera Emmanuel61 Karemera Trojan

457


62 Karuga Jean63 Kayigire Simon 64 Kayigire Vincent65 Kayiranga Abdon 66 Kayiranga Eeuthère67 Kayitarama Epimaque68 Kayumba Fabien69 Kayumba Sebastien 70 Kazubwenge Léopord71 Kurimpuzu Vincent72 Kwetumbari Joseph73 Mazimpaka Emmanuel 74 Mbababarempore Juvénal75 Mbabazi Jean Paul76 Mbarubukeye Javan 77 Mbitirehe Levokati78 Mbonyumutwa Jean Baptiste79 Mpabanzi Emilien 80 Mpamo Esdras81 Mporanyi Télesphore82 Muganga Ildeburandi83 Muhigirwa Innocent 84 Muhimakazi Primitive85 Muhoza Modeste86 Mukabutera Fausta87 Mukamarutoki Ildéphonse88 Mukamusoni Taciènne89 Mukandori Vestine 90 Mukangarambe Marie Clémence91 Mukangera Angelique92 Mukankubito Emérence93 Mukankusi Henriette

458

94 Mukankusi Thérèse95 Mukantagara Agathe96 Mukarukaka Pélagie97 Mukarwego Rozarie98 Mukeshimana Gaspard99 Mukashema Odette100 Munyambibi Godefroid101 Munyaneza Jean Marie Vianney102 Munyantore Antoine 103 Munyentwari Faustin104 Munyetiro Marcel105 Murangwabugabo Modeste 106 Muratwa Marie 107 Murengerantwari Davide108 Murenzi Adolphe 109 Mutesa Jean Bosco 110 Mwanayire Epiphanie111 Nahimana Gerasi 112 Nambajimana Donati113 Natete Fulgence114 Ndacyiyimana Abraham115 Ndagijimana Grégoire116 Ndagijimana Laurent 117 Ndahayo Ignace118 Ndayisabye Alphonse119 Ndorimana Jean120 Ndorimana Nyaminani Damien121 Nduwimana Juma122 Ngabonziza Magisimirien123 Ngendahayo Thaddée124 Ngendahimana Athanase125 Ngirabatware Mathias

459


126 Ngiringoga Sylver127 Ngirinshuti Jean alias Matimbo 128 Nikuze Marc129 Nikuze Nicolas 130 Niwemutesi Ruth131 Niyitegeka Florien132 Niyitegeka Gerome 133 Nkangura Célestin alias Shitani 134 Nkubito Emmanuel 135 Nkurunziza Chaste136 Nsabimana Gérard137 Nsabimana Straton138 Nsabiyeze Augustin139 Nsengamunku Pascal140 Nsengimana Fabien 141 Nsengiyumva Aloys142 Nsengiyumva Théophile143 Ntacyoripfa Gérard144 Ntamabyariro Joseph145 Ntamakemwa Remy146 Ntampabazi Laban147 Ntaneza Wenceslas148 Ntare Charles149 Ntasangirwa Thicien150 Ntezirembo Venérand 151 Ntihinyurwa Alfred 152 Ntirusekanwa Donatien 153 Ntwarabashi Athanase154 Nyangezi Théophile155 Nyirabateguzi Pascasie 156 Nyirabukeye Bernadette 157 Nyirahitimana Eugènie

460

158 Nyirandibaziyaremye Genema 159 Nyiraneza Lydie160 Nyirangirumboneye Mariya161 Nyiransabimana Juliette 162 Nyiraryakumbuye Spéciose163 Nyirinkindi Augustin164 Nyirinkwaya Laurent 165 Nzabandora Antoine166 Nzajyibwami Ferdinand 167 Nzasabayesu Enock 168 Nzeyimana Jean 169 Nzeyimana Jean Baptiste 170 Nzigiyimana Michel 171 Nzimurinda Gaetan172 Nzirirane Pascal alias Kanyabashi 173 Padiri Kajyibwami Modeste174 Pastor Masabo Etienne175 Rubanguka Emmanuel 176 Rubayiza Barthazar 177 Rudahunga Jean Berchmans 178 Rugambarana Jean 179 Rugasira Alphonse 180 Ruhumuriza Nathanael181 Rukundo Aimable182 Rurangirwa Léo183 Rutagarama Eugène184 Ruterana Thaddée 185 Rwakayiro Evariste186 Rwandema Aberi187 Safari Alexis188 Segatarama Pièrre189 Sekanyambo Ezzechiel

461


190 Shami Habimana Dieudonné 191 Shumbusho Concorde192 Sibomana Cyrille193 Simbizi Innocent194 Sindabimenya Damascène195 Sindayigaya Jean 196 Singirankabo Jean Marie Vianey197 Sinzabakwira Jean Bosco 198 Sinzabakwira Straton199 Tabaro Assiel200 Tuyisenge Valerie alias Nyirazuba201 Ukurikiyimfura Théobard202 Unkundiye Rose203 Usekanabo Kazigaba Cyprien204 Uwanyirigira Marie Goretti205 Uwitonze Simon 206 Vuganeza Laurent

462

3. ABAKONSEYE BATEGEKAGA SEGITERI ZARI ZIGIZE PEREFEGITURA YA CYANGUGU MU 1994 N’URUHARE

BAGIZE MURI JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI

KOMINI SEGITERI AMAZINA YA

KONSEYE

URUHARE YAGIZE MURI

JENOSIDE

URUKIKO RWAMUBU-RANISHIJE

IBIHANO YAHAWE

KAMEMBE 1. Gihundwe

Ndahayo Ignace

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gihundwe

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gihundwe A, Gihundwe, 2006

Igifungo cy’imyaka 12

2. Kamembe

Djuma Mukuru Emile

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Batero, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Kamembe

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Batero, Kamembe, 2007

Kwishyura 1,000,000frs

3. Muhari Sibomana Bercal

Yitabye Imana ataraburanishwa

4. Rwahi Nzeyimana Sylvère

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rwahi

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rwahi, Gihundwe, 2007

Yabaye umwere

5. Nkanka Munyarukiko Alexis

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nkanka

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nkanka, Nkanka, 2007

Igifungo cy’ imyaka 30

6. Cyibumba

Nsabimana Straton

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Kazungu, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Cyibumba

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Kazungu, Cyibumba, Nkanka, 2007

Kwishyura 5000frs

463


7. Mparwe Buduwe Théophile

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Gihaya, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mparwe

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Gihaya, Muhari, Gihundwe, 2007

Kwishyura 8200frs

8. Bugumira

Ngendaku-riyo Gratien

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Bugumira

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Bugumira, Nkombo, 2006

Yabaye umwere

9. Rusunyu

Nsengiyu-mva Théophile

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rusunyu

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rusunyu, Nkanka, 2007

Yabaye umwere

CYIMBOGO 10. Mururu

Butera Jean

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mururu


11. Mutongo

Barati Jean Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mutongo na Nyakanyinya

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Mutongo, Mururu, 2007

Igifungo cy’ imyaka 30

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Nyakanyinya, Mururu, 2008


12. Cyete MurekeziCasimir

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Gitwa, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Cyete

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Gitwa, Cyete, Mururu, 2007

Kwishyura 15910 frs

464

13. Nyakarenzo

Munyura-batware Vedaste

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyakarenzo

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyakarenzo A, Nyakarenzo, 2007

Igifungo cya burundu

14. Winteko

Katabarwa Jean

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Winteko

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Winteko, Mururu, 2007


15. Nyakanyinya

Harerimana Jean Bosco

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyakanyinya

Urukiko Rukuru rwa Cyangugu, Urugereko rwihariye

Igihano cy’Igifungo cya Burundu

16. Cyato Gakwaya J.M.V

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye i Mibirizi

Yarahunze, aburanishwa adahari n’urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Mibirizi, Gashonga, 2007.


17. Mibirizi

Ndagijimana Joseph

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mibirizi na Nyakarenzo

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Mibirizi C, Gashonga, 2007


Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Runyanzovu, Nyakarenzo, 2006


18. Gihundwe

Bavugame-nshi Manasse

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gihundwe

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gihundwe, Gihundwe, 2007


465


19. Murehe

Nangwahafi Jean Bosco

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Murehe

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Murehe B, Gashonga, 2007


20. Nyamagana

Nsababera Edouard

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyamagana


GISHOMA 21. Gashonga

Rutabingwa Eustache

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gashonga

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gashonga A, Gashonga, 2007


22. Gisagara

Habimana Emmanuel

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gisagara

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gisagara A, Gashonga, 2006

Yabaye umwere

23. Rwimbogo

Mukamusoni Taciènne

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rwimbogo

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rwimbogo, Rwimbogo, 2007

Yabaye umwere

24. Ntenyi Nzamwita Jean

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyamagana

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyama-gana, Nyaka-renzo, 2007


25. Nyenji Mpakaniye Théobard

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyenji

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyenji, Nzahaha, 2007

Yabaye umwere

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Gakombe, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyenji

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Gakombe, Nyenji, Nzahaha, 2007

Kwishyura 80000frs

466

26. Kirangira

Muganga Ildeburandi

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Kirangira

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Kirangira, Nzahaha, 2007

Yabaye umwere

27. Rukunguri

Ngendahayo Léonard

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rukunguri

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rukunguri A, Gashonga, 2007


28. Kimbagiro

GashemaPangras

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Kimbagiro

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Kimbagiro, Gitambi, 2007


29. Butamba-mo

Rugerero Martin

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Ryarusaro, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Butambamo

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Ryarusaro, Butambamo, 2007

Kwishyura 20000frs

30. Ruhoko

Habimana Jean

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gashonga

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gashonga D, Gashonga, 2007


Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gashonga, 2007


BUGARAMA 31. Gikunda-mvura

Boduwe Severien

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Mpinga, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gikundamvura

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Mpinga, Gikunda-mvura, Gikunda-mvura, 2007

Gusonerwa

467


32. Bunyereri

Nzaramba Aphrodis

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Bunyereri

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Bunyereri, Nyakabuye, 2007


33. Nyabintare

Bongwanu-busa Jean

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyabintare

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyabintare B, Gitambi, 2007

Yabaye umwere

34. Muganza

Bigirumwami Jean

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Muganza

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Muganza, Muganza, 2010


35. Bugarama

Nduwimana Kuriye Juma

Nta ruhare yagize muri Jenoside

36. Muhehwe

Bworo Claudien


37. Nzahaha

Sinanga Léopord

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Kigenge, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nzahaha

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Kigenge, Nzahaha, 2007

Yabaye umwere

38. Kibangira

Murengera-ntwali Samuel

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Kibangira

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Kibangira, Bugarama, 2006


NYAKABUYE 39. Kigurwe

Nsengumu-remyi Jean Baptiste

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Kimbagiro

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Kimbagiro A, Gitambi, 2007


468

40. Matare Rukerata-baro Aloys

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Matare

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Matare, Nkungu, 2007

Yabaye umwere

41. Muhanga

Munyakazi Joseph

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Muhanga

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Muhanga 1, Nkungu, 2007

Yabaye umwere

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Kigabiro, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Muhanga

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Kigabiro, Muhanga, Nkungu, 2007

Kwishyura 25000frs

42. Runyanzovu

Ndagijimana Joseph

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Gikongoro, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mibirizi

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Gikongoro, Mibirizi, Gashonga, 2007

Kwishyura 5560frws

43. Nkungu

Hategeki-mana Aphrodice

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nkungu

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nkungu, Nkungu, 2006

Yabaye umwere

44. Nyamube-mbe

Semahundo Anaclet

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyamubembe

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamubembe, Nyakabuye, 2006

Yabaye umwere

45. Nyamaro-nko

Hakizumwa-mi Joseph

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyamaronko

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamaronko, Nyakabuye, 2007

Yabaye umwere

469


46. Nyakabuye

Kanyamuhi-mbo Antoine

Yishwe muri Jenoside

47. Gitambi

Habiyambere Néhemie

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Rwihene, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gitambi

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Rwihene, Gitambi, Gitambi, 2007

Kwishyura 6800frs

48. Kaboza

Murangwa-bugabo Modeste


GISUMA 49. Shagasha

Ngabonziza Sylvère

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nkanka na Munyove

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nkanka, Nkanka, 2010

Igifungo cya Burundu

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Munyove, Giheke, 2010


50. Munyove

Nsengiyumva Mathias alias Ruhengu

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Munyove

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Munyove I, Giheke, 2007

Yabaye umwere

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Rwinkwavu, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Munyove

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Rwinkwavu, Munyove, Giheke, 2007

Kwishyura 86400frs

51. Isha Butera Bénoit

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Gahurubuka, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Isha

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Gahurubuka, Isha, Giheke, 2007

Kwishyura 12500frs

470

52. Ntura Barore Calixte

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Ntura

Yaburanishijwe adahari n’urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Ntura, Giheke, 2007.


53. Biguzi Munyantore Ignace


54. Mwito Ndabikunze Timoté

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mwito

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Mwito, Bushenge, 2007


55. Remera

Urayeneza Emmanuel

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Remera, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Remera

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Remera, Remera, Bushenge, 2008

Kwishyura 1000frs

56. Bugungu

Habiyambere Célestin

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Kidashira, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Bugungu

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Kidashira, Bugungu, Bushenge, 2007

Kwishyura 13215frs

57. Bushenge

Munyampi-rwa Thadée

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Bushenge

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Bushenge, 2008

Igifungo cya burundu y’umwiha-riko

58. Rusambu

Rwubaha Felicien

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Rusambu, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rusambu

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Rusambu, Ruharambu-ga, 2008

Kwishyura 4933 frs

59. Bumazi

Karambizi Thicien

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Bumazi

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Bumazi, Ruharambuga, 2007

Yabaye umwere

471


60. Gashira-bwoba

Habimana Elisa

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gashirabwoba

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Gashirabwoba, Bushenge, 2009


61. Giheke Nteziryayo Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Giheke

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Giheke, Giheke, 2008


GAFUNZO 62. Nyamugari

Magerano Samuel

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyamugari

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamugari, Shangi 2007


63. Shangi Rutaburi-ngogo Aloys

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Munini, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Shangi

Urukiko Gacaca rw’akagari ka Munini, Shangi, Shangi, 2007

Ubwumvi-kane

64. Gabiro Madafari Samuel

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gabiro

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gabiro II, Shangi, 2007

Yabaye umwere

65. Mugera

Nsanzurwimo Etiènne

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mugera

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Mugera, Shangi, 2008


66. Mukoma

Kanyarure-mbo Joseph

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Gasayo, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mukoma

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Gasayo, Mukoma, Nyabitekeri, 2007

Yabaye umwere

472

67. Nyabitekeri

Rudaheri-shyanga Jonas

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyabitekeri

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyabitekeri A, Nyabitekeri, 2007

Yabaye umwere

68. Bugeza

Sibomana Pascal

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Bugeza

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Bugeza A, Nyabitekeri, 2007

Yabaye umwere

69. Bunyangu-rube

Nsanzumu-tware Eliazar

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Bunyangurube

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Bunyangurube A, Nyabitekeri, 2007

Yabaye umwere

70. Bunyenga

Senyenzi Joseph

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Bunyenga


KARENGERA 71. Ruhara-mbuga

Kanani Aphrodis

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Ruharambuga

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Ruharambuga A, Ruharambuga, 2007


72. Rwabidege

Karekezi Michel

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Wimana, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rwabidege

Urukiko Gacaca rw’akagari ka Wimana, Rwabidege, Ruharambuga, 2008

Kwishyura 100000 frs

73. Nyamu-hunga

Musemakweli Etiènne

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Cyimpundu, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Ruharambuga

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Cyimpundu, Nyamuhunga, Ruharambuga, 2007

Kwishyura 85000 frs

473


74. Rwintare

Gasamunyiga François

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rwintare


75. Karambo

Iyamuremye Jean

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Karengera

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Karengera B, Karengera, 2007

Igifungo cy’umwaka 1

76. Karengera

Mukamu-ganga Adèle

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Karengera


77. Nyanunda

Zitoni Athanase

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyanunda

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyanunda, Karengera, 2007

Yabaye umwere

78. Kanyinya

Nzeyimana Gaston

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Kanyinya

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Kanyinya A, Karengera, 2007

Yabaye umwere

79. Butare Bunduwe mwene Kaboye na Nyabyenda

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Butare

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Butare, Butare, 2007

Yabaye umwere

80. Rurama

Karekezi Pierre Claver

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rurama

Urukiko Gacaca rw’ubujurire rwa Gashonga ruri i Rurama, Mwezi, Karengera

Igifungo cya Burundu

474

81. Gasumo

Banyuriraho Levocathe

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gasumo


82. Bweyeye

Hategekima-na Etienne


KAGANO 83. Rambira

Kadage Jean Bosco

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Mugohe, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rambira

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Mugohe, Rambira, Kagano, 2007

Kwishyura 60000 frs

84. Mukinja

Ukurikiyi-mfura Barthazar

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mukinja


85. Bushekeri

Shigabo Gaetan

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Bushekeri


86. Nyakabingo

Semikare Théogène

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyamasheke

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamasheke IV, Kagano, 2007

Yabaye umwere

87. Nyamashe-ke

Ngwabije Innocent

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Nyamasheke

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Nyamasheke II, Kagano, 2007


88. Mubumbano

Mutokamba-ri Boniface alias Maperi

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mubumbano

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Mubumbano A, Kagano, 2007

Yabaye umwere

475


Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Nyamaraga, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mubumbano

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Nyamaraga, Mubumbano, Kagano, 2008

Kwishyura 18750 frs

89. Kagano

Kamenyero Damien

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mubumbano

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Mubumbano, Kagano, 2009

Igifungo cya burundu y’umwiha-riko

90. Butambara

Buranga Merchias

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Ngoma

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Ngoma B, Bushekeri, 2006

Yabaye umwere

91. Ngoma Uwihoreye Simeon

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Rugeregere, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Ngoma

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Rugeregere, Ngoma, Bushekeri, 2007

Kwishyura 1700 frs

92. Kagarama

Gahago Joseph

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Kagarama


KIRAMBO 93. Gahisi Ndabasanze Faustin

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gahisi

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Gahisi, Rangiro, 2007

Yabaye umwere

94. Mpabe Ntibitegereza Nehemie

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mpabe

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Mpabe, Rangiro, 2007

Yabaye umwere

476

95. Rangiro

Kanyama-hanga Jean

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rangiro

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rangiro, Rangiro, 2007

Yabaye umwere

96. Rwumba

Tabaro Vincent

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rwumba

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Rwumba, Cyato, 2007


97. Yove Rwandema Aberi


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98. Kanjongo

Habiyambere Nathanael

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Kanjongo

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Kanjongo A, Kanjongo, 2007


99. Ruheru

Kabahizi Laurien

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Ruheru

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Ruheru B, Kanjongo, 2007

Yabaye umwere

100. Gitongo

Nzabihimana Felicien

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Gitongo

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Gitongo, Kanjongo, 2009


101. Cyato Kanyeshya-mba Cyprien

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Cyato


102. Tyazo Sekaziga Pierre

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Kibogora, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Tyazo

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Kibogora, Tyazo, Kanjongo, 2009

Ubwumvi-kane

477


GATARE 103. Karambi

Kayumba Fabien

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Karambi

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Karambi, Karambi, 2007


104. Mugomba

Niyireba Antère

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mugomba

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Mugomba A, Karambi, 2007


105. Ngange

Ngirabatwa-re Enock

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Cyiya

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Cyiya, Karambi, 2007

Yabaye umwere

106. Cyiya Nzamwita Augustin

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Cyiya

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Cyiya B, Karambi, 2007

Yabaye umwere

107. Kagunga

Gashumba Isaac


108. Buhoro

Rekayabo Augustin

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Buhoro

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Ubujurire rwa Buhoro, Macuba, 2007

Yabaye umwere

109.Macuba

Gatana Elaste


110.Rukanu

Nyirabagenzi Marigarita

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Bitaba, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rukanu

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Bitaba, Rukanu, Macuba, 2007

Ubwumvi-kane

111.Birembo

Ndirabika mwene Ndemeye na Nyiragisasa

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Karambi na Rugano

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Karambi, Karambi, 2007


478

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rugano, Karambi, 2007


112. Muraza

Rwabanda Jéremie

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Rubyiniro, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Muraza

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Rubyiniro, Muraza, Kanjongo, 2008

Kwishyura 28500 frs, 36000frs

113. Rumamfu

Nzeyumwa-mi Elisée

Yagize uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rumamfu


114. Rugano

Gahigi Laurent

Yashinjwe kugira uruhare mu bwicanyi bwabereye mu yahoze ari Segiteri Rugano

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Umurenge wa Rugano, Karambi, 2007

Yabaye umwere

115. Mwasa

Ntibanoga mwene Ruboneza

Yagize uruhare mu kwangiza imitungo mu Kagari ka Rumamfu, mu yahoze ari Segiteri Mwasa

Urukiko Gacaca rw’Akagari ka Rumamfu, Mwasa, Macuba, 2007

Kwishyura 8000 frs

CNLG

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JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI ......bihana imbibi na Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Imyaka ya...

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Transcript of JENOSIDE YAKOREWE ABATUTSI MU YAHOZE ARI ......bihana imbibi na Perefegitura ya Cyangugu. Imyaka ya...