Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three...

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Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36 1. Lesson 36 Vocabulary 2. Comparison of Adverbs 3. Ablative of Degree of Difference 4. Subordinate Clause Review: Causal & Temporal Clauses

Transcript of Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three...

Page 1: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Jenney’s First Year LatinLesson 36

1. Lesson 36 Vocabulary2. Comparison of Adverbs

3. Ablative of Degree of Difference4. Subordinate Clause Review: Causal & Temporal

Clauses

Page 2: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Lesson 36 Vocabulary

Page 3: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

paulum, paulī, n.

a little

Page 4: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

cotidiē (adv.)

daily, every day

Page 5: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

deinde (adv.)

then, next

Page 6: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

eō (adv.)

there, to that place

Page 7: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

hūc (adv.)

here, to this place

Page 8: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

illūc (adv.)

there, to that place there

Page 9: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

nōndum (adv.)

not yet

Page 10: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

numquam (adv.)

never

Page 11: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

paene (adv.)

almost

Page 12: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

quō (interrog. adv.)

where to?, to what place?

Page 13: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

simul (adv.)

at the same time

Page 14: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

statim (adv.)

immediately

Page 15: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

atque/ac (conj. – after aequē, pariter, & simul)

as

Page 16: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

postquam (conj.)

after

Page 17: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

ut (conj.)

as, when, since, how

Page 18: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

prīmō

at first

Page 19: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

prīmā lūce (idiom)

at daybreak

Page 20: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

prīmā nocte (idiom)

early in the night

Page 21: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

prīmā aestāte (idiom)

at the beginning of summer

Page 22: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Page 23: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

• like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs – positive, comparative, & superlative

• positive:– built from adj.: end in –ē (2-1-2) or –ter (3rd) – not built from adj.: no set ending, e.g. diū, paene– some adv. use the neut. sg. acc. of the adj. as their adv.

forms:• facile (easily)• multum (much)• prīmum (for the first time)

– translate: _____ly

Page 24: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs• comparative:

– forming: same as neut. acc. sg. of the comparative adj. form from which the adv. is derived (–ius)

– translating: more _____ly, rather ______ly, too _____ly

• superlative:

– forming: change –us on the superl. adj. form to –ē

– translating: most _____ly, very ______ly

Page 25: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlative

Page 26: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

Page 27: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

Page 28: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

liberrimēmost freely

Page 29: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

liberrimēmost freely

similitersimilarly

Page 30: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

liberrimēmost freely

similitersimilarly

similiusmore similarly

Page 31: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

liberrimēmost freely

similitersimilarly

similiusmore similarly

simillimēmost similarly

Page 32: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

liberrimēmost freely

similitersimilarly

similiusmore similarly

simillimēmost similarly

validēstrongly

Page 33: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

liberrimēmost freely

similitersimilarly

similiusmore similarly

simillimēmost similarly

validēstrongly

validiusmore strongly

Page 34: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

liberrimēmost freely

similitersimilarly

similiusmore similarly

simillimēmost similarly

validēstrongly

validiusmore strongly

validissimēmost strongly

Page 35: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

liberrimēmost freely

similitersimilarly

similiusmore similarly

simillimēmost similarly

validēstrongly

validiusmore strongly

validissimēmost strongly

audacterboldly

Page 36: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

liberrimēmost freely

similitersimilarly

similiusmore similarly

simillimēmost similarly

validēstrongly

validiusmore strongly

validissimēmost strongly

audacterboldly

audāciusmore boldly

Page 37: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

liberrimēmost freely

similitersimilarly

similiusmore similarly

simillimēmost similarly

validēstrongly

validiusmore strongly

validissimēmost strongly

audacterboldly

audāciusmore boldly

audacissimēmost boldly

Page 38: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

liberrimēmost freely

similitersimilarly

similiusmore similarly

simillimēmost similarly

validēstrongly

validiusmore strongly

validissimēmost strongly

audacterboldly

audāciusmore boldly

audacissimēmost boldly

laetēhappily

Page 39: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

liberrimēmost freely

similitersimilarly

similiusmore similarly

simillimēmost similarly

validēstrongly

validiusmore strongly

validissimēmost strongly

audacterboldly

audāciusmore boldly

audacissimēmost boldly

laetēhappily

laetiusmore happily

Page 40: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativeliberēfreely

liberiusmore freely

liberrimēmost freely

similitersimilarly

similiusmore similarly

simillimēmost similarly

validēstrongly

validiusmore strongly

validissimēmost strongly

audacterboldly

audāciusmore boldly

audacissimēmost boldly

laetēhappily

laetiusmore happily

laetissimēmost happily

Page 41: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlative

Page 42: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

Page 43: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

Page 44: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

Page 45: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

Page 46: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

Page 47: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

pessimēworst

Page 48: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

pessimēworst

parum / nōn multumlittle

Page 49: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

pessimēworst

parum / nōn multumlittle

minusless

Page 50: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

pessimēworst

parum / nōn multumlittle

minusless

minimēleast

Page 51: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

pessimēworst

parum / nōn multumlittle

minusless

minimēleast

multummuch

Page 52: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

pessimēworst

parum / nōn multumlittle

minusless

minimēleast

multummuch

plūsmore

Page 53: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

pessimēworst

parum / nōn multumlittle

minusless

minimēleast

multummuch

plūsmore

plurimummost

Page 54: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

pessimēworst

parum / nōn multumlittle

minusless

minimēleast

multummuch

plūsmore

plurimummost

magnoperegreatly

Page 55: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

pessimēworst

parum / nōn multumlittle

minusless

minimēleast

multummuch

plūsmore

plurimummost

magnoperegreatly

magismore greatly

Page 56: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of AdverbsPositive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

pessimēworst

parum / nōn multumlittle

minusless

minimēleast

multummuch

plūsmore

plurimummost

magnoperegreatly

magismore greatly

maximēmost greatly

Page 57: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of AdverbsPositive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

pessimēworst

parum / nōn multumlittle

minusless

minimēleast

multummuch

plūsmore

plurimummost

magnoperegreatly

magismore greatly

maximēmost greatly

propenearly

Page 58: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of AdverbsPositive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

pessimēworst

parum / nōn multumlittle

minusless

minimēleast

multummuch

plūsmore

plurimummost

magnoperegreatly

magismore greatly

maximēmost greatly

propenearly

propiusmore nearly

Page 59: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of AdverbsPositive Comparative Superlativebenewell

meliusbetter

optimēbest

malebadly

peiusworse

pessimēworst

parum / nōn multumlittle

minusless

minimēleast

multummuch

plūsmore

plurimummost

magnoperegreatly

magismore greatly

maximēmost greatly

propenearly

propiusmore nearly

proximēvery nearly

Page 60: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlative

the following adverbs have the three degrees of comparison, but are not derived from adjectives:

Page 61: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativediū

for a long time

the following adverbs have the three degrees of comparison, but are not derived from adjectives:

Page 62: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativediū

for a long timediūtius

for a longer time, any longer

the following adverbs have the three degrees of comparison, but are not derived from adjectives:

Page 63: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativediū

for a long timediūtius

for a longer time, any longer

diūtissimēfor the longest time

the following adverbs have the three degrees of comparison, but are not derived from adjectives:

Page 64: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativediū

for a long timediūtius

for a longer time, any longer

diūtissimēfor the longest time

saepeoften

the following adverbs have the three degrees of comparison, but are not derived from adjectives:

Page 65: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativediū

for a long timediūtius

for a longer time, any longer

diūtissimēfor the longest time

saepeoften

saepiusmore often

the following adverbs have the three degrees of comparison, but are not derived from adjectives:

Page 66: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Comparison of Adverbs

Positive Comparative Superlativediū

for a long timediūtius

for a longer time, any longer

diūtissimēfor the longest time

saepeoften

saepiusmore often

saepissimēmost often

the following adverbs have the three degrees of comparison, but are not derived from adjectives:

Page 67: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Ablative of Degree of Difference

Page 68: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Ablative of Degree of Difference (DOD)

• the abl. is used adverbially to express degree of difference

• this use of the abl. is seen with comparatives or with ante or post

• translate using “by”

• the abl. used will commonly be a form of multum or paulum– when not modifying a noun, this word will be in the abl. sg.

neut. form (–ō)

Page 69: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Ablative of Degree of Difference (DOD)

e.g.:• Multō fortius pugnat.

– He fights more bravely by much. (much more bravely)

• Paulō ante pervēnit.– He arrived before by a little. (a little before, a little while ago)

• Multīs post annīs Germānī Rōmam oppugnāvērunt.– Afterward by many years, the Germans attacked Rome.

(many years later)

Page 70: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Quam + Superlative

Page 71: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Quam + Superlative

• as with adjectives, quam can be used with a superlative adverb to express the notion “as _____ly as possible”

• with this construction, some form of posse is to be understood, and sometimes it will be there, e.g.:

– Venī quam prīmum. à Come as soon as possible.

– Venī quam prīmum potes. à Come as soon as you can.

Page 72: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Subordinate Clause Review:Temporal and Causal Clauses

Page 73: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Subordinate Clauses Review

• recall that there are simple, compound, and complex sentences in Latin, just like English

• complex sentences consist of at least one main clause and at least one subordinate clause

• there are several types of subordinate clauses: causal, temporal, conditional, relative, concessive, circumstantial, etc.

• we are concerned with temporal and causal clauses for now (but you need to be able to identify conditional & relative too)

Page 74: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Temporal Clauses

• temporal (< tempus, temporis, n.: time) clauses tell you information about the time of the action in the main clause

• answer the question “when?”• introduced by: – ubi: when

– postquam: after

– ut: as, when

– simul atque/ac: as soon as, at the same time as

Page 75: Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 36Comparison of Adverbs •like adjectives, there are three degrees of comparison for adverbs –positive, comparative, & superlative •positive:

Causal Clauses

• causal (< causa, causae, f.: reason) clauses tell you information about the cause or reason behind the action in the main clause

• answer the question “why?”

• introduced by: – quod: because

– ut: as, since

– quia: because

– quoniam: because