Jehovah’s Witnesses:Jehovah’s Witnesses:The Watchtower SocietyThe Watchtower Society

Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2010Copyright by Norman L. Geisler 2010

OutlineOutlineI. Background of Jehovah’s WitnessesI. Background of Jehovah’s Witnesses

II. Basic Beliefs of Jehovah’s WitnessesII. Basic Beliefs of Jehovah’s Witnesses

III. Evaluation of Jehovah’s WitnessesIII. Evaluation of Jehovah’s Witnesses

IV. Answering ObjectionsIV. Answering Objections

OutlineOutline I. Background of Jehovah’s WitnessesI. Background of Jehovah’s Witnesses

A. History of the MovementA. History of the Movement

B. Basic Writings of the MovementB. Basic Writings of the Movement

C. Membership of the Movement C. Membership of the Movement

A. History of the MovementA. History of the Movement1. "Pastor" Charles Taze Russell (1852-1916) began 1. "Pastor" Charles Taze Russell (1852-1916) began his teaching c.1870. his teaching c.1870.

2. “”Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society” was 2. “”Zion's Watch Tower Tract Society” was incorporated in 1884 by Russell. He wrote a six incorporated in 1884 by Russell. He wrote a six volume set called volume set called Studies in the ScripturesStudies in the Scriptures..

3. Judge Joseph F. Rutherford (1869-1942) began 1916. 3. Judge Joseph F. Rutherford (1869-1942) began 1916. He wrote He wrote Harp of GodHarp of God and 19 more books (1921- and 19 more books (1921-

1941). 1941).

RussellRussell RutherfordRutherford

4. Name "Jehovah's Witnesses” 4. Name "Jehovah's Witnesses” was chosen to distinguish them was chosen to distinguish them from splinter group "Russellites."from splinter group "Russellites."6. It was Incorporated in 1931 as 6. It was Incorporated in 1931 as the Watchtower Bible and Tract the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society. The offices are in Society. The offices are in Brooklyn, NY.Brooklyn, NY.7. In 1975 the "governing body" (of 7. In 1975 the "governing body" (of about 12 men) became the about 12 men) became the supreme authority of JWs.supreme authority of JWs.

8. President Nathan Knorr began the Watchtower Bible School 8. President Nathan Knorr began the Watchtower Bible School of Gilead (1943) and published the of Gilead (1943) and published the New World Translation of New World Translation of the Holy Scripturesthe Holy Scriptures. .

9. Next presidents were Fred Franz and Milton Henschel. 9. Next presidents were Fred Franz and Milton Henschel.

B.B. Basic Writings of the WitnessesBasic Writings of the Witnesses1. Bible: 1. Bible: New World Translation of the Holy New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures Scriptures 2. Magazines: 2. Magazines: The Watchtower The Watchtower andand Awake Awake

3. Books:3. Books:

Studies in the Scriptures (SS)—7 vols. by Russell Studies in the Scriptures (SS)—7 vols. by Russell Deliverance (D) Deliverance (D)

The Harp of God (HG) The Harp of God (HG) The New Heavens and New Earth (NHNE)The New Heavens and New Earth (NHNE) What has Religion done for Mankind? (WRM)What has Religion done for Mankind? (WRM) Let God be True (LGT)Let God be True (LGT) Reasoning from the Scriptures (RS)Reasoning from the Scriptures (RS) Let Your Name be SanctifiedLet Your Name be Sanctified (LNS) (LNS) Aid to Bible UnderstandingAid to Bible Understanding (ABU) (ABU)

Should You Believe in the Trinity?Should You Believe in the Trinity? (SBT) (SBT) Make Sure of All Things (MSAT).Make Sure of All Things (MSAT).

C. JWs Membership: Now Seven MillionC. JWs Membership: Now Seven Million

OutlineOutlineI. Background of Jehovah’s WitnessesI. Background of Jehovah’s Witnesses

II. Basic Beliefs of Jehovah’s WitnessesII. Basic Beliefs of Jehovah’s Witnesses

A. Belief about the BibleA. Belief about the Bible

1. The Bible is the Inspired 1. The Bible is the Inspired Word of God.Word of God.

2.2. Most Bible translations Most Bible translations distort the Word of God distort the Word of God on crucial doctrines.on crucial doctrines.

3.3. The only trustworthy The only trustworthy translation is the JW’s translation is the JW’s New World Translation New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures of the Holy Scriptures (1961)(1961)..

B. Belief about GodB. Belief about God1. There is only one God and only one person is God (the Father) 1. There is only one God and only one person is God (the Father)

who is called who is called Jehovah (MSAT, 386). Jehovah (MSAT, 386). SonSon is one in “purpose,” is one in “purpose,” not nature, with God. not nature, with God.

2. The Trinity is a pagan doctrine (LGT, 101-102).2. The Trinity is a pagan doctrine (LGT, 101-102). It is the most “deceptive doctrine” (RS, 407).It is the most “deceptive doctrine” (RS, 407). The Holy Spirit is not a person but a force emanating from the The Holy Spirit is not a person but a force emanating from the

Father (RS, 406-407).Father (RS, 406-407). “ “The holy spirit has no personal name. The reason for this is The holy spirit has no personal name. The reason for this is

that the holy spirit is not an intelligent person. It is the that the holy spirit is not an intelligent person. It is the impersonal, invisible active force that finds it source and impersonal, invisible active force that finds it source and reservoir in Jehovah God and that he uses to accomplish his reservoir in Jehovah God and that he uses to accomplish his will…” (LNS, 269). will…” (LNS, 269).

He is “a force that can be adapted to perform a great variety of He is “a force that can be adapted to perform a great variety of operations” (SYBT, 20).operations” (SYBT, 20).

C. Belief C. Belief aboutabout Christ Christ “ “Michael the archangel is no other than the only-begotten Son of Michael the archangel is no other than the only-begotten Son of

Jehovah God, now Jesus Christ”Jehovah God, now Jesus Christ” (NHNE, 30-31).(NHNE, 30-31). “‘ Michael the great prince’ is none other than “‘ Michael the great prince’ is none other than

Jesus Christ himself” (W [12/15/84], 29).Jesus Christ himself” (W [12/15/84], 29). 1. Before Bethlehem--Christ was Michael the 1. Before Bethlehem--Christ was Michael the archangel, the first archangel, the first

created being (LGT, 101).created being (LGT, 101).2. While on earth--a sinless man of flesh [not an 2. While on earth--a sinless man of flesh [not an angel] (NHNE, 28-angel] (NHNE, 28-30; RS, 306)).30; RS, 306)).3. After the resurrection--Christ became a spirit 3. After the resurrection--Christ became a spirit (Michael) (Michael) again (WRM, 231). again (WRM, 231).

a. Jesus’ Resurrection was in a "spirit" body. a. Jesus’ Resurrection was in a "spirit" body. b. Either his physical body turned to gases or else b. Either his physical body turned to gases or else God God

has preserved it somewhere (D, 235).has preserved it somewhere (D, 235).

D. Beliefs about Human BeingsD. Beliefs about Human Beings 1. Man is a soul/body identity (Monism)1. Man is a soul/body identity (Monism)

2. At death we cease to exist (Annihilation)2. At death we cease to exist (Annihilation)

a. “Hell” is the grave.a. “Hell” is the grave.

b. There is no place of conscious torment.b. There is no place of conscious torment.

3. At resurrection believers get a recreation.3. At resurrection believers get a recreation.

E. Beliefs about SalvationE. Beliefs about Salvation1.1. God's part: Death of Christ provides deliverance of all God's part: Death of Christ provides deliverance of all

men from death (namely, by their resurrection and a men from death (namely, by their resurrection and a second chance for salvation, HG, 170).second chance for salvation, HG, 170).

2.2. Faith plus Works are necessary for salvation (SS, vol 1, Faith plus Works are necessary for salvation (SS, vol 1, 150, 152).150, 152).

2.2. Man's part: those who are faithful in this life and in the Man's part: those who are faithful in this life and in the Millennium will be saved.Millennium will be saved.

a.a. 144,000--"Anointed class" of heavenly 144,000--"Anointed class" of heavenly spirits spirits who reign with Christ (LGT, 301).who reign with Christ (LGT, 301).

b.b. "Great Crowd " or "Other sheep"--others "Great Crowd " or "Other sheep"--others form form an earthly class of bodies who live on an earthly class of bodies who live on earth earth forever.forever.

F. Beliefs about the ChurchF. Beliefs about the Church1. All Christian churches are 1. All Christian churches are

apostate and idolatrous apostate and idolatrous instruments of the Devil.instruments of the Devil.

2. Jehovah's Witnesses 2. Jehovah's Witnesses "Anointed Class " (144,000) "Anointed Class " (144,000) are the true Theocracy of are the true Theocracy of

God.God.

3. Only the “Anointed Class” can take communion offered only once a year 3. Only the “Anointed Class” can take communion offered only once a year (about 1/20 of JW’s partake).(about 1/20 of JW’s partake).

4. “Unless we are in touch with this channel of communication [The 4. “Unless we are in touch with this channel of communication [The Watchtower Society]…, we will not progress along the road of life, no Watchtower Society]…, we will not progress along the road of life, no matter how much Bible reading we do” (matter how much Bible reading we do” (Watchtower Watchtower [12/1/81], 27).[12/1/81], 27).

JW Organization Claims to be JW Organization Claims to be God’s “Prophet” on EarthGod’s “Prophet” on Earth

“ “Who is this prophet?... Who is this prophet?... This “prophet” was not This “prophet” was not one man, but was a body one man, but was a body of men and women. It of men and women. It was…[the] International was…[the] International Bible Students. Today Bible Students. Today they are know as they are know as Jehovah’s Christian Jehovah’s Christian Witnesses” (Witnesses” (WatchtowerWatchtower [4/1/72], 197).[4/1/72], 197).

G. Beliefs About the FutureG. Beliefs About the Future1. Christ's reign began (invisibly) in l914 A.D. 1. Christ's reign began (invisibly) in l914 A.D.

Dan. 4:32 says "seven times" or times of the Dan. 4:32 says "seven times" or times of the Gentiles=360 x 7 = 2520 "days"= years: 607 B. C. Gentiles=360 x 7 = 2520 "days"= years: 607 B. C. to to l914 A.D. (TSMF, 300).l914 A.D. (TSMF, 300).

2. Present world is headed toward the Battle of 2. Present world is headed toward the Battle of Armageddon. Armageddon.

3. Millennium will follow in which humans will 3. Millennium will follow in which humans will be resurrected to salvation or else to a second be resurrected to salvation or else to a second chance "trial" for life.chance "trial" for life.

a. 144,000 “anointed” will be in heaven forever.a. 144,000 “anointed” will be in heaven forever. b. The rest of JWs live on earth forever.b. The rest of JWs live on earth forever.

4. Those who reject 24. Those who reject 2ndnd chance will be annihilated. chance will be annihilated. There is no hell (LGT, 79, 80).There is no hell (LGT, 79, 80).

H. Beliefs About Other ThingsH. Beliefs About Other Things1. All human government is demonically1. All human government is demonically controlled.controlled.2.2. It is idolatrous to salute the flag, hold It is idolatrous to salute the flag, hold political office, or go to war. political office, or go to war.

3. Voting, holding a government job, and 3. Voting, holding a government job, and serving in military are sinful.serving in military are sinful.4.4. Blood transfusions, vaccinations, and organ Blood transfusions, vaccinations, and organ

transplants once held to be sinful (RS, 72-transplants once held to be sinful (RS, 72-73)—now 73)—now no longer forbidden.no longer forbidden.5.5. Birthday and holiday celebrations are Birthday and holiday celebrations are "pagan” and sinful."pagan” and sinful.

6. JWs engage in “Shunning” those who have 6. JWs engage in “Shunning” those who have been disfellowshipped (excommunicated), been disfellowshipped (excommunicated), even their own family members (even their own family members (WatchtowerWatchtower [7/15/63], 443-444) [7/15/63], 443-444)

OutlineOutlineI. Background of Jehovah’s WitnessesI. Background of Jehovah’s Witnesses

II. Basic Beliefs of Jehovah’s WitnessesII. Basic Beliefs of Jehovah’s Witnesses

III. Evaluation of Jehovah’s WitnessesIII. Evaluation of Jehovah’s Witnesses

A. Evaluation of their View of the BibleA. Evaluation of their View of the Bible

A. Evaluation of their View of the BibleA. Evaluation of their View of the Bible

JW translation: “In [the] JW translation: “In [the] beginning the Word was, beginning the Word was, and the Word was with and the Word was with God, and God, and the Word was a the Word was a god”god” (Jn. 1:1) (Jn. 1:1)““Truly Truly I tell you today, I tell you today, You will be with me in You will be with me in Paradise [some day]”Paradise [some day]” (Lk. 23:43).(Lk. 23:43).

Three Way to deny Scripture:Three Way to deny Scripture: Add to it (like Roman Add to it (like Roman Catholics), or take away from it (like Liberals), or Catholics), or take away from it (like Liberals), or mistranslate it (like JWs).mistranslate it (like JWs).

Noted Noted ScholarsScholars on JW Bible on JW Bible Princeton Professor Bruce M. Princeton Professor Bruce M. Metzger ( Metzger ( The Bible Translator The Bible Translator 15/3 (July 15/3 (July 1964) declared that 1964) declared that they they ““have incorporated in their have incorporated in their translation of the New Testament translation of the New Testament several quite several quite erroneous erroneous renderings of the Greek." Others renderings of the Greek." Others are "totally without warrant are "totally without warrant from the Greek”from the Greek” and some are and some are““a plain piece of special pleading.“a plain piece of special pleading.“

Dr. Julius Mantey (Dr. Julius Mantey (A Manual Grammar of the Greek NTA Manual Grammar of the Greek NT) )  called it “a shocking mistranslation.” British scholar H.H. Rowley called it “a shocking mistranslation.” British scholar H.H. Rowley

asserted that asserted that “From beginning to end this volume is a shinning “From beginning to end this volume is a shinning example of how the Bible should not be translated”example of how the Bible should not be translated” (cited by Ron (cited by Ron Rhodes, RSJW, 97).Rhodes, RSJW, 97).

Spiritist Cited as Basis for JW ViewSpiritist Cited as Basis for JW View1. In his NT (1937) he 1. In his NT (1937) he

trans. Jn. 1:1 as trans. Jn. 1:1 as “the Word “the Word [Christ] was a god.”[Christ] was a god.”

2. JWs use this rendering 2. JWs use this rendering and cite Greber as an and cite Greber as an

authority (later repudiated).authority (later repudiated).3. Greber was a spiritist, 3. Greber was a spiritist,

author of author of Communication with Communication with the Spirit World.the Spirit World.

4. Greber claimed 4. Greber claimed spirits helped him translate spirits helped him translate his Bible by revealinghis Bible by revealing “large illuminated “large illuminated letters and words passing before his eyes” letters and words passing before his eyes” (Rhodes, RSJW, 102).(Rhodes, RSJW, 102).

Ant-Trinitarian Bias in JW BibleAnt-Trinitarian Bias in JW Bible Gen. 1:1-2.Gen. 1:1-2. "In [the] beginning God created the heavens and the "In [the] beginning God created the heavens and the

earth…. And earth…. And God's active forceGod's active force was moving to and fro over the was moving to and fro over the surface of the waters." The surface of the waters." The ruach elohimruach elohim ("Spirit of God"). This  ("Spirit of God"). This was to avoid the Trinitarian understanding of the "Spirit of God."was to avoid the Trinitarian understanding of the "Spirit of God."

Zech. 12:10.Zech. 12:10. "...they will "...they will look upon the one whom they have look upon the one whom they have pierced..."pierced..." Here the Hebrew "look upon me [God] whom they Here the Hebrew "look upon me [God] whom they have pierced," is altered in order to avoid the assertion that the have pierced," is altered in order to avoid the assertion that the one who is to be pierced is God.one who is to be pierced is God.

John 1:1.John 1:1. "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with "In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, God, and the Word was a god."and the Word was a god." Instead of the literal "the Word Instead of the literal "the Word was God," we have "a god," which JWs interprets as a created was God," we have "a god," which JWs interprets as a created angelic being.angelic being.

Col. 1:15-17.Col. 1:15-17. "He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of "He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn of all creation; because all creation; because by means of him all [other] things were by means of him all [other] things were createdcreated in the heavens and upon the earth….” “Other” was in the heavens and upon the earth….” “Other” was added because they believe Christ is a created being rather than added because they believe Christ is a created being rather than the eternal God.the eternal God.

Heb. 1:8.Heb. 1:8. "God is your throne forever.""God is your throne forever." This nonsensical This nonsensical statement is put instead of "your throne, O God, is forever."statement is put instead of "your throne, O God, is forever."

B. Evaluation of their View of GodB. Evaluation of their View of God 1. The Father and Son are both called Lord and God1. The Father and Son are both called Lord and God Psa. 2:7Psa. 2:7—“The LORD has said to me, ‘You are My Son’”; —“The LORD has said to me, ‘You are My Son’”; Psa. Psa.

45:6,745:6,7—“Your throne O God is forever and ever…. —“Your throne O God is forever and ever…. Psa. 110:1Psa. 110:1—“The LORD said to my Lord, ‘Sit at My right hand till I make —“The LORD said to my Lord, ‘Sit at My right hand till I make your enemies your footstool’”your enemies your footstool’”; ; Prov. 30:4Prov. 30:4—“What is His name, —“What is His name, and what is His Son’s name, if you know.” and what is His Son’s name, if you know.” Isa. 9:6-Isa. 9:6--“His name -“His name shall be called wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Father of shall be called wonderful Counselor, Mighty God, Father of Eternity….” Eternity….” Isa. 63:7, 9Isa. 63:7, 9—“…the LORD has bestowed on us…. —“…the LORD has bestowed on us…. And the Angel [Messenger] of His presence saved them” [cf. And the Angel [Messenger] of His presence saved them” [cf. Ex. 3:2-14]; Ex. 3:2-14]; Zech. 1:12Zech. 1:12.—“The the Angel [Messenger] of the .—“The the Angel [Messenger] of the LORD answered and said, ‘O LORD of hosts…’”; LORD answered and said, ‘O LORD of hosts…’”; Mt. 3:17Mt. 3:17—”A —”A Voice from heaven said, ‘This is my beloved Son, with whom I Voice from heaven said, ‘This is my beloved Son, with whom I am well pleased’”; am well pleased’”; Jn. 17:5Jn. 17:5—”And now Father glorify me in —”And now Father glorify me in your own presence with the glory that I had with you before your own presence with the glory that I had with you before the world existed.”; the world existed.”; Heb. 1:8-Heb. 1:8--”but of the son he says, “Your -”but of the son he says, “Your throne, O God, is forever and ever….’”throne, O God, is forever and ever….’”

B. Evaluation of their View of GodB. Evaluation of their View of God 1. The Father and Son are both called God1. The Father and Son are both called God 2. The Holy Spirit is a Person (not a Force)2. The Holy Spirit is a Person (not a Force) Mat. 28:19--“Mat. 28:19--“Go, therefore and make disciples of all nations, Go, therefore and make disciples of all nations,

baptizing them in the baptizing them in the name name [not “names”] of the [not “names”] of the FatherFather and of and of the the SonSon and of the and of the Holy SpiritHoly Spirit.” .”

J n. 14:26J n. 14:26—“But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father —“But the Helper, the Holy Spirit, whom the Father will send I my name, will send I my name, hehe will will teachteach you all things…” you all things…”

Jn. 16:13Jn. 16:13—When the Spirit of truth comes, —When the Spirit of truth comes, hehe will will guideguide you you into all the truth….”into all the truth….”

Eph. 5:30Eph. 5:30—“And do not —“And do not grievegrieve the Holy Spirit, by whom you the Holy Spirit, by whom you are sealed to the day of redemption.”are sealed to the day of redemption.”

1 Cor. 12:11:1 Cor. 12:11: We are “empowered by one and the same We are “empowered by one and the same Spirit…as Spirit…as he willshe wills.”.”

Acts 13:14:Acts 13:14: They were “ They were “sent on their way by [the command of] sent on their way by [the command of] the Holy Spirit.”the Holy Spirit.”

3. The Holy Spirit is God.3. The Holy Spirit is God. a. He has the name of God, “the Spirit of God”a. He has the name of God, “the Spirit of God” b. He performs acts of God like creation (Gen. 1:2), regeneration b. He performs acts of God like creation (Gen. 1:2), regeneration

(Jn. 3:5-7), and miracles (1 Cor. 12:8-11). (Jn. 3:5-7), and miracles (1 Cor. 12:8-11). c. He is associated with other persons in God: c. He is associated with other persons in God: Father, Son, Father, Son,

Holy Spirit (Mt. 28:18-20)Holy Spirit (Mt. 28:18-20) d. He can be blasphemed like God (Mt. 12:32).d. He can be blasphemed like God (Mt. 12:32). e. He can be lied to as God (Acts 5:3, 5):e. He can be lied to as God (Acts 5:3, 5): Peter said, ‘Ananias, why has Satan filled your Peter said, ‘Ananias, why has Satan filled your heart to lie heart to lie

to the Holy Spirit…. You have not lied to to the Holy Spirit…. You have not lied to men but to God.”men but to God.”f. He is used in a benediction from God ( 2 Cor. 13:14): “The f. He is used in a benediction from God ( 2 Cor. 13:14): “The

grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ and the love of God and the fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all.”fellowship of the Holy Spirit be with you all.”

C. Evaluation of their View of ChristC. Evaluation of their View of Christ1. The Messiah (Christ) is called God in the OT1. The Messiah (Christ) is called God in the OT

Psa 2:7Psa 2:7—“The LORD has said to me, ‘You are My Son.’”—“The LORD has said to me, ‘You are My Son.’” Psa. Psa. 45:6,745:6,7—“Your throne O God is forever and ever…. Therefore, —“Your throne O God is forever and ever…. Therefore, God, even your God, has anointed you….”God, even your God, has anointed you….” Psa. 110:1Psa. 110:1—“The LORD —“The LORD said to my Lord, ‘Sit at My right hand till I make your enemies your said to my Lord, ‘Sit at My right hand till I make your enemies your footstool.’” footstool.’” Prov. 30:4Prov. 30:4—“What is His name, and what is His Son’s —“What is His name, and what is His Son’s name, if you know.” name, if you know.” Isa. 9:6-Isa. 9:6--“His name shall be called wonderful -“His name shall be called wonderful Counselor, Mighty God,* Father of Eternity….” Counselor, Mighty God,* Father of Eternity….” Isa. 63:7, 9Isa. 63:7, 9—“…—“…the LORD has bestowed on us…. And the Angel [Messenger] of the LORD has bestowed on us…. And the Angel [Messenger] of His presence saved them” [Ex. 3:2-14]. His presence saved them” [Ex. 3:2-14]. Zech. 1:12Zech. 1:12.—“The the .—“The the Angel [Messenger] of the LORD answered and said, ‘O LORD of Angel [Messenger] of the LORD answered and said, ‘O LORD of hosts….’” hosts….’” Zech. 12:10Zech. 12:10.—“And I [the LORD] will pour on the house .—“And I [the LORD] will pour on the house of David…the spirit of grace; then they will look on Me [the of David…the spirit of grace; then they will look on Me [the LORD] whom they have pierced….” LORD] whom they have pierced….” Zech. 14:16Zech. 14:16.—“All the nations .—“All the nations which came against Jerusalem shall go up form year to year to which came against Jerusalem shall go up form year to year to worship the King, the LORD of host….”worship the King, the LORD of host….”*Same word is used of LORD [Jehovah] in Isa. 10:21.*Same word is used of LORD [Jehovah] in Isa. 10:21.

2. There are no “lesser” gods2. There are no “lesser” gods..JW Claim:JW Claim: Jesus is a “lesser god” (Jn. 1:1) Jesus is a “lesser god” (Jn. 1:1)

Bible Response:Bible Response:

Deut. 32:39:Deut. 32:39: “See now that I, I am He, and there is no god besides “See now that I, I am He, and there is no god besides Me.”Me.”

Isa. 43:10:Isa. 43:10: Before Me there was no God formed, and there will be Before Me there was no God formed, and there will be none after Me.”none after Me.”

Isa. 44:8:Isa. 44:8: “Is there any God besides Me, or is there any other “Is there any God besides Me, or is there any other Rock? I know of none.”Rock? I know of none.”

Isa. 45:5:Isa. 45:5: “I am the LORD, and there is no other besides Me there “I am the LORD, and there is no other besides Me there is no God.”is no God.”

1 Cor. 8:5-6:1 Cor. 8:5-6: “For although there many be so-called gods in “For although there many be so-called gods in heaven or on earth--…yet for us there is one God….”heaven or on earth--…yet for us there is one God….”

3. Jesus claimed to be Jehovah (God)3. Jesus claimed to be Jehovah (God)1. He claimed to be the "I AM.” He said, “Most assuredly, I say to you, before Abraham

was, I AM” (Jn. 8:58) [of Ex. 3:14] in John 5:58. [Even JW note on Ex. 3:14 [1984 ed.] admits that OT Greek translation (Septuagint) of ego eimi in Ex. 3:14 is same as Jn. 8:58].

2. He forgave sins which only God can do. Jesus said, “Son, your sins are forgiven you” The scribes replied, “Who can forgive sins but God alone?” (Mk. 2:5-7).

3. He claimed He should be honored just as the Father is honored. “All should honor the Son just as they honor the Father. He who does not honor the

Son does not honor the Father” (Jn. 5:23).4. He said He was the Jewish Messiah who was God (Isa. 9:6; 45:6; Psa. 110:1; Zech.

12:10). “The woman said to Him, ‘I know the Messiah is coming….’ Jesus said to her, ‘I

who speak to you am He’” (Jn. 4:25-26). The high priest said, “’Are you the Christ [Messiah], the Son of the blessed?’ And

Jesus said, ‘I am, and you will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of the Power, and coming with the clouds of heaven. Then the high priest said, ‘what further need do we have of witness? You have heard the blasphemy!’” (Mk. 14:61-62).

5. He accepted worship on numerous occasions which is due only to God (Mt. 4:10) when both humans (Acts 14:15) and angels o refused worship (Rev. 22:8-9). Yet Jesus accepted worship by 1) The mother of James & John (Mt. 20:20); 2) The Gerasene demoniac (Mk. 5:6); 3) A blind man (Jn. 9:38); 4) Doubting Thomas (Jn. 20:28); 5) The women at the tomb (Mt. 28:9);6) Canaanite woman (Mt. 15:25); 7) His disciples (Mt. 14:33); 8) A healed leper (Mt. 8:2); 9) A rich young ruler [Mt. 9:18); 10) disciples at Great Commission (Mt. 28:17).

6. He put His words on the level with God’s. “Heaven and earth will pass away, but my words will by no means pass away” (Mt. 24:35).

“He that rejects Me, … the word that I have spoken will judge him in the last day” (Jn. 12:48).

7. He asked Us to pray in His Name. “Whatever you ask in My name that will I do, that the Father may be glorified in the Son” (Jn. 14:13).

8. He accepted the titles of deity. “And Thomas answered and said to Him, ‘My Lord and My God” (Jn.

20:28). “Simon Peter …said, ‘You are the Christ, the Son of the Living God.’ Jesus said , ‘Blessed are you, (Mt. 16:17-18).

9. He claimed to be “the first and the last” (Rev. 22:13 cf. Isa. 44:6).

4. His Disciples Claimed He was God4. His Disciples Claimed He was God• Peter did:Peter did: “You are the Christ, “You are the Christ, the Son of the living Godthe Son of the living God” (Mt. ” (Mt.

16:16-18).16:16-18).• John did:John did: “In the beginning was the Word., and the Word was with “In the beginning was the Word., and the Word was with

God, and God, and the Word was Godthe Word was God (Jn. 1:1 cf. 8:58; 12:41 (cf. Isa. 6:1; (Jn. 1:1 cf. 8:58; 12:41 (cf. Isa. 6:1; 20:28)20:28)

• The Writer of Hebrews did:The Writer of Hebrews did: Christ “being the brightness of His glory Christ “being the brightness of His glory and and the express image of His personthe express image of His person, and upholding all things by the , and upholding all things by the word of his power…” (1:3). “For to which of the angels did He ever word of his power…” (1:3). “For to which of the angels did He ever say: ‘say: ‘You are My SonYou are My Son’” (1:5). “When He again brings the firstborn ’” (1:5). “When He again brings the firstborn into the world, He says: into the world, He says: ‘Let all the angels of god worship Him’”‘Let all the angels of god worship Him’” (1:6) “But to the Son He says, (1:6) “But to the Son He says, ‘Your throne, O God‘Your throne, O God, is forever and , is forever and ever…’” (1:8).ever…’” (1:8).

• Paul did:Paul did: “Christ, who is over all, “Christ, who is over all, the eternally blessed Godthe eternally blessed God (Rom. (Rom. 9:5). “Looking for the blessed hope and 9:5). “Looking for the blessed hope and the great Godthe great God and our Savior and our Savior Jesus Christ” (Titus 2:13). “For by Him all things were created…. Jesus Christ” (Titus 2:13). “For by Him all things were created…. All things were created through HimAll things were created through Him and for Him. And He is before and for Him. And He is before all things, and in Him all things consist [are held together] (Col. 1:16-all things, and in Him all things consist [are held together] (Col. 1:16-17). “For in Him 17). “For in Him all the fullness of the Godhead dwells bodily”all the fullness of the Godhead dwells bodily” (Col. (Col. 2:9). 2:9).

Jesus was not Michael the ArchangelJesus was not Michael the Archangel

1.1. Jesus is Jehovah (see above), and Michael is only Jesus is Jehovah (see above), and Michael is only an angel.an angel.

2.2. Jesus is worshipped by angels and, so, he is not Jesus is worshipped by angels and, so, he is not one of them (Heb. 1:6)one of them (Heb. 1:6)

3.3. Jesus created angels and, so, he was not one of Jesus created angels and, so, he was not one of them (Col. 1:16).them (Col. 1:16).

4.4. Jesus rebuked the Devil (Mt. 17:18) and Michael Jesus rebuked the Devil (Mt. 17:18) and Michael could not do this (Jude 9).could not do this (Jude 9).

5.5. Michael means “who is Michael means “who is likelike God” but Jesus God” but Jesus isis God God (see above).(see above).

6.6. Michael is distinguished from Jesus (1 Thes. 4:16).Michael is distinguished from Jesus (1 Thes. 4:16).

Answering Some ObjectionsAnswering Some Objections Objection 1: Jesus Denied He was God Jesus said, “Why call me good? There is none good but

God” (Mk. 10:18). Response: This is not a denial but a question. Jesus is asking

him if he realized the implications of his statement. Objection 2. Jesus said, “The Father is greater than I” (Jn. 14:28). Response: The Father as God is greater than Jesus is as a man.

The Father is greater in office, but not better in nature. Objection 3: Jesus affirmed that “But of that day and hour no

one knows, neither the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father” (Mk. 13:32).

Response: Jesus knew the time as God; he did not know it as man. He has two natures.

.

Objection 1: Jesus Denied He was God Jesus said, “Why call me good? There is none good but

God” (Mk. 10:18). Response: This is not a denial but a question. Jesus is asking

him if he realized the implications of his statement. Objection 2. Jesus said, “The Father is greater than I” (Jn. 14:28). Response: The Father as God is greater than Jesus is as a man.

The Father is greater in office, but not better in nature. Objection 3: Jesus affirmed that “But of that day and hour no

one knows, neither the angels in heaven, nor the Son, but only the Father” (Mk. 13:32).

Response: Jesus knew the time as God; he did not know it as man. He has two natures.

.

FatherFather

Holy

Spirit

Holy

Spirit

SonSonHuma

nNatur

e

Human

Nature

DivineNatur

e

DivineNatur

e

God’s Tri-UnityGod’s Tri-Unity

Note: 1) Jesus knew everything in His divine nature.

2) Jesus did not know everything in his human nature.

Note: 1) Jesus knew everything in His divine nature.

2) Jesus did not know everything in his human nature.

Objection 4: Jn. 17:3 says Jesus prayed to the Father, saying, “this is eternal life, that they know you the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent.”

Response: He said the Father is the only true God, but he did not say that only the Father is God (cf. Gen. 7:23; Jn. 8:9).

Objection 5: In Jn. 10:34 Jesus said, “You are gods” [in a derivative sense], not in an absolute sense. Likewise, Jesus was God only in a derivative sense.

Response: His argument in John 10 is a fortiori, (with the greater force) namely, “If human judges can be called gods (in Psa. 82) in that they stand in the place of God in a derivative sense, how much more can the Son of God be called God who is God in an absolute sense (Jn. 1:1,2; 8:58; Jn. 20:28; Rom. 9:5; Heb. 1:8).

Objection 4: Jn. 17:3 says Jesus prayed to the Father, saying, “this is eternal life, that they know you the only true God, and Jesus Christ whom you have sent.”

Response: He said the Father is the only true God, but he did not say that only the Father is God (cf. Gen. 7:23; Jn. 8:9).

Objection 5: In Jn. 10:34 Jesus said, “You are gods” [in a derivative sense], not in an absolute sense. Likewise, Jesus was God only in a derivative sense.

Response: His argument in John 10 is a fortiori, (with the greater force) namely, “If human judges can be called gods (in Psa. 82) in that they stand in the place of God in a derivative sense, how much more can the Son of God be called God who is God in an absolute sense (Jn. 1:1,2; 8:58; Jn. 20:28; Rom. 9:5; Heb. 1:8).

Objection 6: “He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation” (Col. 1:15). It is objected that Jesus was the first one born or created.

Response: “firstborn” can mean priority in rank, not in time (David was youngest son but God’s “firstborn”--Psa. 89:27). He is not created but Creator and sustainer of all things (vs. 16-17). So, He is first over creation, not first in creation.

Objection 7: Christ is called “the beginning of the creation of God.” They claim this means he was the first one created (Rev. 3:14).

Response: 1) This means absolute Beginner, Source of all. 2) Otherwise, it would contradict the clear teaching that He created all things (Jn. 1:3; Heb. 1:3; Col. 1:16). 3) This same term is used of the “Lord” the “Almighty” (1:8). It is also used of the Father who is God (21:5-6).

Objection 6: “He is the image of the invisible God, the firstborn over all creation” (Col. 1:15). It is objected that Jesus was the first one born or created.

Response: “firstborn” can mean priority in rank, not in time (David was youngest son but God’s “firstborn”--Psa. 89:27). He is not created but Creator and sustainer of all things (vs. 16-17). So, He is first over creation, not first in creation.

Objection 7: Christ is called “the beginning of the creation of God.” They claim this means he was the first one created (Rev. 3:14).

Response: 1) This means absolute Beginner, Source of all. 2) Otherwise, it would contradict the clear teaching that He created all things (Jn. 1:3; Heb. 1:3; Col. 1:16). 3) This same term is used of the “Lord” the “Almighty” (1:8). It is also used of the Father who is God (21:5-6).

Objection 8: “For God so love the world that he gave his only begotten son…” (Jn. 3:16).

Response: “Only begotten” (Gk. monogenas) means unique or one of a kind. Isaac was called “only begotten” (Heb. 11:17) when Abraham had another son (Ishmael). So it can’t mean the first one born.

Objection 9: He can’t be both God and Man at the same time; this is contradictory.

Response: 1. He is God and Man at the same time, but not both in the

same sense. 2. One can be a father and a husband at the same time, but

not in the same sense. 3. Jesus has both a divine and a human nature.

Objection 8: “For God so love the world that he gave his only begotten son…” (Jn. 3:16).

Response: “Only begotten” (Gk. monogenas) means unique or one of a kind. Isaac was called “only begotten” (Heb. 11:17) when Abraham had another son (Ishmael). So it can’t mean the first one born.

Objection 9: He can’t be both God and Man at the same time; this is contradictory.

Response: 1. He is God and Man at the same time, but not both in the

same sense. 2. One can be a father and a husband at the same time, but

not in the same sense. 3. Jesus has both a divine and a human nature.

FatherFather

Holy

Spirit

Holy

Spirit

SonSonHuma

nNatur

e

Human

Nature

DivineNatur

e

DivineNatur

e

God’s Tri-UnityGod’s Tri-Unity

Note: 1) The divine nature is not the human nature.

2) Jesus has both natures at the same time, but they are not both the same nature (the triangle is not the circle).

Note: 1) The divine nature is not the human nature.

2) Jesus has both natures at the same time, but they are not both the same nature (the triangle is not the circle).

D. Evaluation of JW View of ResurrectionD. Evaluation of JW View of ResurrectionJesus was raised in the same physical body of flesh and Jesus was raised in the same physical body of flesh and bones in which he died. His resurrection body:bones in which he died. His resurrection body:

1. Left an empty tomb and grave clothes behind 1. Left an empty tomb and grave clothes behind (Mt. (Mt. 28:6; Jn. 29:5-7).28:6; Jn. 29:5-7).

2. Had crucifixion scars (Lk. 24:37 Jn. 20:27).2. Had crucifixion scars (Lk. 24:37 Jn. 20:27). 3. Was the same as the one that died (Jn. 2:19-22).3. Was the same as the one that died (Jn. 2:19-22). 4. Had flesh and bones (Lk. 24:39).4. Had flesh and bones (Lk. 24:39). 5. Was touched by physical hands (Mt. 28:9; Jn. 5. Was touched by physical hands (Mt. 28:9; Jn.

20:17).20:17). 6. Was seen with physical eyes (1 Cor. 9:1; 15:6-8) 6. Was seen with physical eyes (1 Cor. 9:1; 15:6-8) 7. Ate food on several occasions (Lk. 24:42-43; 7. Ate food on several occasions (Lk. 24:42-43; Acts 10:41).Acts 10:41).

E. Evaluation of JW View of SalvationE. Evaluation of JW View of Salvation1. Salvation is not by faith plus works as JW say.1. Salvation is not by faith plus works as JW say.

The WatchtowerThe Watchtower affirmed that “to get one’s name affirmed that “to get one’s name written in the written in the Book of Life will depend on one’s Book of Life will depend on one’s works” works” (4/1/47, p. 204).(4/1/47, p. 204).

JW’s “…must be set apart more and more from this JW’s “…must be set apart more and more from this world…, world…, demonstrating their dependability by demonstrating their dependability by carrying out their dedication carrying out their dedication faithfully until death” faithfully until death” (LGT, 200)(LGT, 200)

Eph. 2:8-9:Eph. 2:8-9: “For by grace you have been saved though “For by grace you have been saved though faith. And faith. And this is this is not your own doingnot your own doing; it is the gift of ; it is the gift of God, God, not a result of worksnot a result of works….”….”

Titus 3:5-6:Titus 3:5-6: “…he saved us, “…he saved us, not because of not because of works doneworks done by us by us in righteousness, but according to his in righteousness, but according to his mercy….”mercy….”

Rom 4:5:Rom 4:5: “And “And to the one who does not workto the one who does not work but but believes in him believes in him who justifies the ungodly; who justifies the ungodly; his faith is his faith is counted as righteousness….”counted as righteousness….”

2. Christ’s atonement was not incompleteJW hold that JW hold that Christ only died to pay the exact amount for Adam’s sin and Christ only died to pay the exact amount for Adam’s sin and

make it possible for men to work their way toward salvation.make it possible for men to work their way toward salvation. “Since one “Since one man’s sin (that of Adam) has been responsible for causing the entire human man’s sin (that of Adam) has been responsible for causing the entire human family to be sinners, the shed blood of another perfect human (in effect, a family to be sinners, the shed blood of another perfect human (in effect, a second Adam), being of corresponding value, could balance the scales of second Adam), being of corresponding value, could balance the scales of justice.” So, justice.” So, if Jesus had been God, the payment would have been way too if Jesus had been God, the payment would have been way too much!much!

Response:Response: 1) Only a God-man can mediate between God and man (1 Tim. 2:5). 1) Only a God-man can mediate between God and man (1 Tim. 2:5). 2) Christ’s death was sufficient to pay for the sins of all mankind (Rom. 2) Christ’s death was sufficient to pay for the sins of all mankind (Rom. 5:18-19; 1 Jn. 2:2). 3) He had to be God to satisfy the righteous demands of 5:18-19; 1 Jn. 2:2). 3) He had to be God to satisfy the righteous demands of a holy God (Rom. 3:21-26). 4) He had to be a perfect man since a sinner a holy God (Rom. 3:21-26). 4) He had to be a perfect man since a sinner cannot save sinners. 5) Christ work on the Cross was complete (Jn. 19:30; cannot save sinners. 5) Christ work on the Cross was complete (Jn. 19:30; Heb. 10:14). All that is left is for us to accept his free gift of salvation (Rom. Heb. 10:14). All that is left is for us to accept his free gift of salvation (Rom. 6:23). Salvation is by faith alone (Jn. 3:15, 16, 36; 5:24; 11:25: 12:46; 20:31; 6:23). Salvation is by faith alone (Jn. 3:15, 16, 36; 5:24; 11:25: 12:46; 20:31; Acts 16:31; Rom. 3:20; Gal. 2:16; Eph. 2:8-9; Titus 3:5-6).Acts 16:31; Rom. 3:20; Gal. 2:16; Eph. 2:8-9; Titus 3:5-6).

JW Objections to Physical ResurrectionJW Objections to Physical ResurrectionObjection 1:Objection 1: 1 Cor. 15:44 speaks of a “spiritual body.” 1 Cor. 15:44 speaks of a “spiritual body.”Response:Response: 1) Manna was “spiritual” food (1 Cor. 10: 3) but it was 1) Manna was “spiritual” food (1 Cor. 10: 3) but it was

literal food. 2) Godly Christian is “spiritual” ( 1 Cor. 2:15) but literal food. 2) Godly Christian is “spiritual” ( 1 Cor. 2:15) but has a physical body. 3) The literal Bible is a spiritual book. 4) has a physical body. 3) The literal Bible is a spiritual book. 4) “Spiritual” means dominated or directed by the spirit, that is, “Spiritual” means dominated or directed by the spirit, that is, immortal, not immaterial. 5) resurrection body is a spiritual immortal, not immaterial. 5) resurrection body is a spiritual (i.e., spirit directed) “soma” which always means physical body (i.e., spirit directed) “soma” which always means physical body (when used of individual humans in the NT.(when used of individual humans in the NT.

Objection 2:Objection 2: 1 Cor. 15:50 says “flesh and blood can’t enter the 1 Cor. 15:50 says “flesh and blood can’t enter the kingdom of God.”kingdom of God.”

Response:Response: 1) In context (v. 53) it means “mortal” flesh. 2) 1) In context (v. 53) it means “mortal” flesh. 2) Resurrection body has immortal “flesh and bones” (Lk. 24:39).Resurrection body has immortal “flesh and bones” (Lk. 24:39).

JW Objections to Physical ResurrectionJW Objections to Physical Resurrection

Objection 3: Objection 3: Resurrection body will be a “changed” body.Resurrection body will be a “changed” body.

Response:Response: 1) The change is from 1) The change is from mortal mortal to to immortalimmortal, not , not from from material material to to immaterial. 2) The change is not in immaterial. 2) The change is not in substance but in accidents (qualities).substance but in accidents (qualities).

Objection 4:Objection 4: Jesus resurrection body could walk through Jesus resurrection body could walk through doors, so, it must have been immaterial. doors, so, it must have been immaterial.

Response:Response: 1) It does not actually say he walked through 1) It does not actually say he walked through the door (Jn. 20:19). 2) He could walk on water in a the door (Jn. 20:19). 2) He could walk on water in a physical body before his resurrection. 3) The physical body before his resurrection. 3) The resurrection body has supernatural abilities, but it is still resurrection body has supernatural abilities, but it is still a physical body.a physical body.

E. Evaluation of JW View of the SoulE. Evaluation of JW View of the Soul Contrary to JW view, the Soul (immaterial dimension of human beings) can exist apart Contrary to JW view, the Soul (immaterial dimension of human beings) can exist apart

from their body:from their body: Mat. 10:28:Mat. 10:28: Only the body can be killed, not the soul. Only the body can be killed, not the soul. Mat. 17:3:Mat. 17:3: Moses and Elijah were conscious in heaven. Moses and Elijah were conscious in heaven. Lk. 16:22-28:Lk. 16:22-28: Rich man and Lazarus were conscious after death. Rich man and Lazarus were conscious after death. Lk. 20:38:Lk. 20:38: Abraham was still “living” in Jesus’ day. Abraham was still “living” in Jesus’ day. Lk. 23:43:Lk. 23:43: Thief on Cross was conscious in Paradise. Thief on Cross was conscious in Paradise. 2 Cor. 5:8:2 Cor. 5:8: We are “absent from the body and present with Christ.” We are “absent from the body and present with Christ.” Phil. 1:23:Phil. 1:23: “It is far better to depart and to be with Christ.” “It is far better to depart and to be with Christ.” 1 Thes. 4:14:1 Thes. 4:14: Departed souls will come “with” Christ at his return. Departed souls will come “with” Christ at his return. Heb. 12:23:Heb. 12:23: “Spirits of the righteous [are] made perfect” in heaven. “Spirits of the righteous [are] made perfect” in heaven. Rev. 6:9-10:Rev. 6:9-10: “Souls” in heaven were conscious. “Souls” in heaven were conscious. Lk. 23:46:Lk. 23:46: Jesus’ “spirit” was conscious in Paradise (cf. Lk. 23:43). between death and Jesus’ “spirit” was conscious in Paradise (cf. Lk. 23:43). between death and

resurrection. resurrection. Note:Note: “I say unto you” is common introductory phrase. It is redundant “I say unto you” is common introductory phrase. It is redundant to say “I say unto you today.”to say “I say unto you today.”

F. Evaluation of their View of HellF. Evaluation of their View of HellTheThe Evidence that Hell is not annihilation:Evidence that Hell is not annihilation:

1.1. It is a place of “torment,” and there is no torment in nothingness.It is a place of “torment,” and there is no torment in nothingness.2.2. It is a place of “weeping and gnashing of teeth” (Mt. 13:50) which It is a place of “weeping and gnashing of teeth” (Mt. 13:50) which

is a conscious activity.is a conscious activity.3.3. It is “everlasting” (2 Thes. 1:7-9), but annihilation is instantaneous.It is “everlasting” (2 Thes. 1:7-9), but annihilation is instantaneous.4.4. There are degrees of punishment in Hell (Rev. 20:12-13), but there There are degrees of punishment in Hell (Rev. 20:12-13), but there

are no degrees of nothingness.are no degrees of nothingness.5.5. Rich man was in “torment” in Hell (Lk. 16:23).Rich man was in “torment” in Hell (Lk. 16:23).6.6. The beast and false prophet were conscious after 1000 years in the The beast and false prophet were conscious after 1000 years in the

Lake of fire (Rev. 29:10 cf. 19:20).Lake of fire (Rev. 29:10 cf. 19:20).7.7. Hell is “eternal” which is the same word used for God (Rom 16:26; Hell is “eternal” which is the same word used for God (Rom 16:26;

1 Tim. 1:7; Heb. 9:14; 13:7; Rev. 4:9).1 Tim. 1:7; Heb. 9:14; 13:7; Rev. 4:9).

G. Evaluation of their View of FutureG. Evaluation of their View of Future 1. No one knows the time of Christ’s return. 1. No one knows the time of Christ’s return.

Matt. 24:36:Matt. 24:36: “But concerning that “But concerning that dayday and and hourhour no no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, not the Son.”one knows, not even the angels of heaven, not the Son.”

Acts 1:7:Acts 1:7: “It is not for you to know the “It is not for you to know the timestimes or or the the seasonsseasons that the Father has fixed by his own that the Father has fixed by his own authority.”authority.”

G. Evaluation of their View of FutureG. Evaluation of their View of Future 1. No one knows the time of Christ’s return. 1. No one knows the time of Christ’s return.

Matt. 24:36:Matt. 24:36: “But concerning that “But concerning that dayday and and hourhour no no one knows, not even the angels of heaven, not the Son.”one knows, not even the angels of heaven, not the Son.”

Acts 1:7:Acts 1:7: “It is not for you to know the “It is not for you to know the timestimes or or the the seasonsseasons that the Father has fixed by his own that the Father has fixed by his own authority.”authority.” 2. Christ’s return is visible and physical. 2. Christ’s return is visible and physical.

Acts 1:10-11:Acts 1:10-11: “This Jesus…will come in the “This Jesus…will come in the same waysame way as as you saw him go into heaven.”you saw him go into heaven.”Rev. 1:7:Rev. 1:7: “Behold, he is coming with the clouds, “Behold, he is coming with the clouds, and and

every eye will see himevery eye will see him….” ….” Mat. 24:3: “Tell us, …what will be the sing of your Mat. 24:3: “Tell us, …what will be the sing of your coming (coming (parousiaparousia)*)* and of the end of close of the age? and of the end of close of the age? *This means *This means physical appearingphysical appearing (2 Cor. 16:17; 2 Cor. 7:6) (2 Cor. 16:17; 2 Cor. 7:6)

3.3. The 144,00 are not “anointed” Christians, The 144,00 are not “anointed” Christians, as JWs believe.as JWs believe.

1. The text says they are only “men” who have 1. The text says they are only “men” who have not known women (Rev. 14:4), men and not known women (Rev. 14:4), men and women, as JWs believe.women, as JWs believe.

2. The word “tribe” is always used literally in 2. The word “tribe” is always used literally in the Bible. Hence, they are Jews from various the Bible. Hence, they are Jews from various tribes of Israel.tribes of Israel.

3. They are future saints from the Tribulation 3. They are future saints from the Tribulation period (Rev. 7:13-14), not from today .period (Rev. 7:13-14), not from today .

4. Many False Prophecies of JWs4. Many False Prophecies of JWs

Deut. 18:22:Deut. 18:22: “If what a prophet proclaims in the name of the LORD does “If what a prophet proclaims in the name of the LORD does not take place or come true, that is a message the LORD has not spoken. not take place or come true, that is a message the LORD has not spoken. That prophet has spoken presumptuously.”That prophet has spoken presumptuously.”

1897—“1897—“Our Lord, the appointed King, is now present, since October 1874” Our Lord, the appointed King, is now present, since October 1874” (SS, vol. 4, 621)(SS, vol. 4, 621)

1899—“…1899—“…the battle of the great day of God Almighty (Rev. 16:14) which the battle of the great day of God Almighty (Rev. 16:14) which will end in 1914 with the complete overthrow of earth’s present rulership, will end in 1914 with the complete overthrow of earth’s present rulership, is already commenced” (is already commenced” (The Time is at HandThe Time is at Hand, 101[1908 edition])., 101[1908 edition]).

1916—“1916—“The Bible chronology herein presented shows that…the great 7The Bible chronology herein presented shows that…the great 7 thth Day, the 1000 years of Christ’s Reign, began in 1873” (Day, the 1000 years of Christ’s Reign, began in 1873” (The Time is at The Time is at HandHand, p. ii (Forward). , p. ii (Forward).

1918—1918—Therefore we may confidently expect that 1925 will mark the return Therefore we may confidently expect that 1925 will mark the return of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the faithful prophets of old, particularly of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob and the faithful prophets of old, particularly those named by the Apostles in Hebrews 11, to the condition of human those named by the Apostles in Hebrews 11, to the condition of human perfection” (perfection” (Millions Now Living Will Never DieMillions Now Living Will Never Die, 89)., 89).

1922—“1922—“The date 1925 is even more distinctly indicated in Scripture than The date 1925 is even more distinctly indicated in Scripture than 1914” (1914” (The WatchtowerThe Watchtower [9/1/22], 262). [9/1/22], 262).

1923—“1923—“Our thought is, that 1925 is definitely settled by the Scriptures” (WT Our thought is, that 1925 is definitely settled by the Scriptures” (WT [4/1/23], 106).[4/1/23], 106).

1925—“1925—“The year 1925 is here. With great expectation Christians have looked The year 1925 is here. With great expectation Christians have looked forward to this year. This may be accomplished. It may not be…. forward to this year. This may be accomplished. It may not be…. Christians should not be so deeply concerned about what may transpire” Christians should not be so deeply concerned about what may transpire” (WT [1/1/25], 3).(WT [1/1/25], 3).

1925—“1925—“It is to be expected that Satan will try to inject into the minds of the It is to be expected that Satan will try to inject into the minds of the consecrated, that thought that 1925 should see an end to the work” (WT consecrated, that thought that 1925 should see an end to the work” (WT [Sept., 1925], 262).[Sept., 1925], 262).

1926--“1926--“Some anticipated that the work would end in 1925, but the Lord did Some anticipated that the work would end in 1925, but the Lord did not state so. The difficulty was that the friends inflated their imaginations not state so. The difficulty was that the friends inflated their imaginations beyond reason...” (WT, [1926], 232).beyond reason...” (WT, [1926], 232).

1941--“1941--“Receiving the gift…,the Lord’s provided instruments for most Receiving the gift…,the Lord’s provided instruments for most effective work in the remaining months before Armageddon” (WT effective work in the remaining months before Armageddon” (WT [9/15/41], 288).[9/15/41], 288).

1968--“1968--“True, there have been those in times past who predicted an ‘end to the True, there have been those in times past who predicted an ‘end to the world’, even announcing a specific date. Yet nothing happened. The ‘end’ did world’, even announcing a specific date. Yet nothing happened. The ‘end’ did not come. They were guilty of false prophesying? What was missing?... Missing not come. They were guilty of false prophesying? What was missing?... Missing from such people were God’s truths and evidence that he was pursuing and from such people were God’s truths and evidence that he was pursuing and guiding them” (guiding them” (AwakeAwake, 10/8/68)., 10/8/68).

1968--“1968--“Why are you looking forward to 1975” (WT [8/1/68], 494).Why are you looking forward to 1975” (WT [8/1/68], 494).148 Wrong Predictions—148 Wrong Predictions—former JW William Schnell counted 148 changes made former JW William Schnell counted 148 changes made

between 1917 and 1928 (Rhodes, RSJW, 350).between 1917 and 1928 (Rhodes, RSJW, 350).Occult Predictions—Occult Predictions—Charles Taze Russell used Pyramidology to predict the future, Charles Taze Russell used Pyramidology to predict the future,

saying, “This calculations shows A. D. 1874 as marking the beginning of the saying, “This calculations shows A. D. 1874 as marking the beginning of the period of trouble…such as was not since there was a nation—no, nor ever shall be period of trouble…such as was not since there was a nation—no, nor ever shall be afterward” (afterward” (Studies in the ScriptureStudies in the Scripture, cited by R. Tucker, Another Gospel, 124). , cited by R. Tucker, Another Gospel, 124).

a. This “Bible in Stone” doctrine was lauded till 1925.a. This “Bible in Stone” doctrine was lauded till 1925. b. It was finally repudiated in 1928 (by Judge Rutherford).b. It was finally repudiated in 1928 (by Judge Rutherford).

In the OT one wrong prediction got someone stoned!In the OT one wrong prediction got someone stoned!

Russell is buried beneath a large pyramidRussell is buried beneath a large pyramid

H. Evaluation of their view that Death is final; there is no second chance H. Evaluation of their view that Death is final; there is no second chance (Heb. 9:27; Jn. 5:23f.; Lk. 16:26). Resurrection of lost is not to (Heb. 9:27; Jn. 5:23f.; Lk. 16:26). Resurrection of lost is not to second chance but to "damnation" (Jn. 5:29).second chance but to "damnation" (Jn. 5:29).

I. That Government is demonic. Bible says it is ordained of God (Rom I. That Government is demonic. Bible says it is ordained of God (Rom 13:1-7), and we are to obey it (Titus 3:1; 1 Pet. 2:13-14), unless they 13:1-7), and we are to obey it (Titus 3:1; 1 Pet. 2:13-14), unless they command us to sin (Ex. 1; Dan. 3, 6, Acts 4, 5; Rev. 13).command us to sin (Ex. 1; Dan. 3, 6, Acts 4, 5; Rev. 13).

J. That God opposes celebrating birthdays or events honoring others. J. That God opposes celebrating birthdays or events honoring others. He said, “Pay to all what is owed to them…respect to whom respect is He said, “Pay to all what is owed to them…respect to whom respect is owed, honor to whom honor is owed” (Rom. 13:7). “Rejoice with owed, honor to whom honor is owed” (Rom. 13:7). “Rejoice with those who rejoice…” (Rom. 12:15).those who rejoice…” (Rom. 12:15).

K. That all war is wrong. Not so, only unjust war is wrong (Gen. 9:6; K. That all war is wrong. Not so, only unjust war is wrong (Gen. 9:6; 14:17-20; Ex. 22:2; Lk. 3:14; Rom. 13:1-7).14:17-20; Ex. 22:2; Lk. 3:14; Rom. 13:1-7).

Note:Note: 1 Cor. 5:9-11 was disassociation for immorality, idolatry, etc., not 1 Cor. 5:9-11 was disassociation for immorality, idolatry, etc., not for leaving JWs.for leaving JWs.

K. Children who Refuse Blood are Martyrs! K. Children who Refuse Blood are Martyrs!

1. Blood transfusions are not “eating” 1. Blood transfusions are not “eating” blood forbidden in Acts 15. Blood is blood forbidden in Acts 15. Blood is not sacred as they claim ( from Lev. not sacred as they claim ( from Lev. 17:11).17:11).

2. Not to save life is a sin (Js. 4:17). 2. Not to save life is a sin (Js. 4:17).

3. You don’t lose your salvation as 3. You don’t lose your salvation as JWs said: They “may result in the JWs said: They “may result in the immediate and very temporary immediate and very temporary prolongation of life, but that at the prolongation of life, but that at the cost of eternal life for a dedicated cost of eternal life for a dedicated Christian” (Christian” (Blood, Medicine, and the Blood, Medicine, and the LawLaw [’61], 55)! See Jn. 10:28; [’61], 55)! See Jn. 10:28; Rom.8:36; 2 Tim. 2:13; Phil. 1:6.Rom.8:36; 2 Tim. 2:13; Phil. 1:6.

JWs on Use of BloodJWs on Use of Blood• (1) (1) Forbidden for all:Forbidden for all: transfusion of whole blood or any transfusion of whole blood or any

“primary” components:“primary” components: red cells; white cells; plasma red cells; white cells; plasma (serum) and platelets (Watchtower, 6/15/00, p. 29 and (serum) and platelets (Watchtower, 6/15/00, p. 29 and Watchtower, 6/15/00, p. 31)Watchtower, 6/15/00, p. 31)

(2) (2) Permitted based on individual conscience—“fractions” Permitted based on individual conscience—“fractions” of components of bloodof components of blood (Watchtower, 6/15/00, p. 30 and (Watchtower, 6/15/00, p. 30 and Watchtower, 6/15/00, p. 31)Watchtower, 6/15/00, p. 31)

(3) (3) Permitted: Use of their own blood circulated in Permitted: Use of their own blood circulated in machines—machines—but not stored for an operation (Watchtower, but not stored for an operation (Watchtower, 10/15/00, pp. 30-31).10/15/00, pp. 30-31).

• See See Blood's Out of Body ExperienceBlood's Out of Body Experience (a work that proves (a work that proves many JWs take blood transfusions anyway).many JWs take blood transfusions anyway).

L. Other Medical Practices are Evil

1. Organ transplants are cannibalism (Watchtower, 1967; Reversed in 1980)

2. Vaccinations break God’s covenant with Noah (1931; Dropped in the 1950s)

M. Celebrating Birthdays are SinfulM. Celebrating Birthdays are Sinful

Reason given:Reason given: The only two mentioned in The only two mentioned in the Bible were evil (Gen 40; Mat. 14).the Bible were evil (Gen 40; Mat. 14).

Response:Response: 1) The text is descriptive, not 1) The text is descriptive, not prescriptive. 2) It was Pharaoh (and prescriptive. 2) It was Pharaoh (and Herod) who did evil at the celebration, Herod) who did evil at the celebration, not the celebration itself. 3) Pharaoh not the celebration itself. 3) Pharaoh also did good at the party (released a also did good at the party (released a prisoner).prisoner).

N. Wearing a Cross is SinfulN. Wearing a Cross is SinfulReasons:Reasons: 1) Jesus did not die on a cross but on a stake; 2) 1) Jesus did not die on a cross but on a stake; 2)

Religious images are a form of idolatry.Religious images are a form of idolatry.

Response:Response: 1) Even JW’s used the symbol of a cross and crown 1) Even JW’s used the symbol of a cross and crown until 1931. 2) Jesus did die on a cross as is indicated by: a) until 1931. 2) Jesus did die on a cross as is indicated by: a) the Greek word (the Greek word (staurosstauros) that usually means a cross (Mt. ) that usually means a cross (Mt. 27:32); b) the use of two nails for his hands (Jn. 20:25-27); c) 27:32); b) the use of two nails for his hands (Jn. 20:25-27); c) assertion that the inscription was above his head, not his assertion that the inscription was above his head, not his hands (Mt. 27:37); d) Peters reference to Peter “stretching hands (Mt. 27:37); d) Peters reference to Peter “stretching out his hands” to die (Jn. 21:18, 19).out his hands” to die (Jn. 21:18, 19).

3) Symbols (images) are not sinful unless they are use as a 3) Symbols (images) are not sinful unless they are use as a means of worship. Anything from a rock to the Bible can be means of worship. Anything from a rock to the Bible can be an idol—if it is worshipped. an idol—if it is worshipped.

Rutherford’s Cadillac could have been an Idol!Rutherford’s Cadillac could have been an Idol!