Jefferson through Van Buren Revolution of Jefferson wins the election First test of transfer of power from one political party to another Leaves most of Hamiltons plans in placeexcept for the excise tax Midnight Judges January of 1801 John Adams appoints John Marshall as chief justice of the Supreme Court Adams also appoints many other Federalist judges in the final days of his administration Marbury v. Madison One of those last minute appointments was William Marbury Appointed Justice of the Peace for the District of Columbia BUThis commission is never delivered by Adams & Jefferson refuses Image Credit: U.S. Supreme Court Revenge for Marbury v. Madison? Samuel Chase Strong Federalist Supreme Court Justice Criticized Democratic- Republicans openly Charged with high crimes and misdemeanors Impeachment failed politics isnt the purpose of impeachment Threats from OutsideBarbary Pirates 4 years of fighting 60,000 in ransom paid Enter into a treaty w/ Tripoli in 1805 US Navy & US Marines both have big victories in 1805 against the piratesfinally in 1815 US naval victories end the tribute payments Threats from Outside In 1800 France gets Louisiana territory back from Spainwe cant use warehouses anymore With France back on the continent well need protection from England again! 1803sends Madison to France Napoleon sells Louisiana to US for $15 mil A Map of Lewis and Clark's Track Across the Western Portion of North America, drawing by W. Clark Drawn by Meriwether Lewis's traveling mate on the famous expedition and combining Clark's own observations with those of Indians and explorers, this 1814 map gave Americans their first view of the vast territory purchased in Clark's depiction of the Rockies was substantially accurate, his description of the Southwest less so. (Library of Congress Geography & Map division) A Map of Lewis and Clark's Track Across the Western Portion of North America, drawing by W. Clark Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Strict v. Loose Was this purchase constitutional? Jefferson thinks it probably isnt Does it anyway Sends Lewis & Clark to explore Burr v. Hamilton Aaron Burr (Jeffersons VP) joined an extremist group of Federalists trying to convince New England & NY to secede Hamilton exposed the conspiracy Burr v. Hamilton Hamilton & Burr duelHamilton is killed Burr indicted for murder in NY & NJ Sets his sights on the SW Tried for treason Goes to Europe Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. France & England Jefferson re-elected in 1804 War between France (Napoleon) & Britain is heating up France rules the land England rules the seas British close French ports to foreign shipping French close English ports to foreign shipping Impressment British begin impressing American sailorsand NOT in a good way! Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Chesapeake Leopard Affair Chesapeake Encounter with the Leopard Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Chesapeake Leopard Affair Chesapeake Gosport Navy Yard in /22/1807 Commodore James Barron puts out of Hampton Roads headed for the Mediterranean Sails past 2 British warships anchored in Lynnhaven Bay Chesapeake Leopard Affair A British ship (the Leopard) follows Looking for English deserters Peacefulbut force if necessary Commodore Barron says no British deserters on board Chesapeake Leopard Affair Leopard fires a ball over Chesapeakes bow Followed by a volley of guns & small arms fire Barron tries to negotiate Another volley 18 wounded/1 dead (or 3 dead) British board & take 4 crewmen theyre after Chesapeake Leopard Affair 6/23/1807news reaches Norfolk All operable vessels in HR make ready to sail When news of encounter reaches NYC, NY Heralds headline reads WAR Chesapeake Leopard Affair 7/3/1807; British threaten to block harbor Chesapeake brought under the guns of Forts Norfolk & Nelson French ship asked to help Chesapeake Leopard Affair Both sides back down Jefferson asks for voluntary cut in exports Congress passes Embargo Act of 1807 Staggers economy Non-Intercourse Act of 1809 Embargo Act of 1807 The Shawnee chief Tecumseh Tecumseh and his brother, Prophet, led a revival of traditional Shawnee culture and preached Native American federation against white encroachment. In the War of 1812 they allied themselves with the British, but Tecumseh's death at the Battle of the Tames (1813) and British indifference thereafter caused Native Americans' resistance and unity to collapse. (Tecumseh: Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, FMNH Neg. #A93851) The Shawnee chief Tecumseh Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. Native American Threat By 1811 many reluctant for war... BUT Wanted to wipe out Indian threat William Henry Harrison takes on Tecumseh Battle of Tippecanoe--result Harrison a hero, discredited the prophet, drove Tecumseh into the arms of the British Madison James Madison elected president in 1812 Democratic- Republican Secretary of State under Jefferson War Hawks Henry Clay John C. Calhoun They want Canada and free expansion Many in the West were for war as well because of Tippacanoe South wants Florida Opposed to War New Englanders Mostly federalists Pro-British Anti-War War of 1812 Failed at most we tried Army didnt accomplish much Navy did much better By 1814 were mostly defending ourselves Washington D.C burned Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. War of 1812 Biggest victory of the war is the Battle of New Orleans Makes Andrew Jackson a hero Occurs about 2 weeks after the war is actually over Treaty of Ghent Copyright Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. New England Prospered during the war Sold goods to Canada Spoke of secession Hartford Convention Hartford Convention1814 New England Wanted: Assistance from DC for lost trade Amendment requiring 2/3 vote before embargo imposed Sought to abolish 3/5 clause Sought to prohibit election of 2 successive Presidents from same state Results of the War of 1812 Credibility: we can & will resist wrongs Sectionalismgets a black eye War HeroesJackson & Harrison Native Americans abandoned by British Manufacturing prospered Industry stimulated American nationalismnational oneness Results of the War of 1812 National literatureCooper & Irving School books are American Navy finally whipped Barbary Pirates Henry Clays American System Support for a high tariff Maintenance of high public land prices Preservation of the Bank of the United States Development of a system of internal improvements (such as roads and canals) American System Revived Bank of the US in 1816 Tariff of 1816protective tariff Madison vetoed federal money for roads States will have to fund New England big opponent of federal roads Era of Good Feelings James Monroe elected in 1816 (2 terms) SOME peace SOME prosperity Also trouble with: The tariff The bank Internal improvements Sale of public lands Sectionalism Panic of 1819 Recession Caused by over speculation of frontier lands Between 1791 & 1819 nine new states admitted Mobility The Cumberland Road (National Road) is completed from Maryland to Illinois Mobility The steamboat is being perfected and used in America Control of the West Most new states admitted to the Union in pairs Missouri petitions Congress for admission Talmadge Amendmentno more slaves in MOchildren of slaves freed Angered slave holding southerners Threat to balance Control of the West New Englandricher and more crowded South is maintaining balance in the House--barely What happens if slavery can be abolished by the Feds in the West? Compromise Missouri Compromise Actually 3 Missourislave Mainefree No slavery above 3630 Will it last? Control of the West Oregon10 year joint occupation w/ England Floridawe just sort of take it away from Spain (Adams-Onis Treaty) Monroe Doctrine Election of 1824 Last of old style elections Candidates: John Quincy AdamsMass Henry ClayKentucky Wm. H. CrawfordGeorgia Andrew JacksonTennessee John C. Calhoun is VP on both Adams & Jacksons tickets Corrupt Bargain? Jackson wins as much popular support as next two rivals Fails to carry the electoral college House decides Clay (Speaker of the House) supports Adams Clay gets Secretary of State John Quincy Adams Kept people in govt jobs Nationalistic Pushed for construction of roads & canals National university Refused to remove Cherokees from land in GA Election of 1828 Republicans split National RepublicansAdams Democratic RepublicansJackson Jacksonpresented as rough hewn frontiersman Adamspresented as a corrupt aristocrat Election of 1828 Adams support from New England & Northeast Jackson support from the west & the south Jackson wins Andrew Jackson First President from the West Is a bit rough- hewn First President nominated at a formal party convention Spoils system Tariff 1828 a higher tariff bill passes Southerners hate it SC protested the Tariff of Abominations 1832 new tariff passedtook out most of the offensive parts 1832 SC declares the tariff null and void John C. Calhoun Jackson sent military to SC Compromise Tariff of 1833 Indian Removal Cherokees in Georgia did what they could to be accepted in the US Settled down to farming Cherokee alphabet Written Constitution Some became prosperous cotton planters & slave owners Indian Removal They are actually part of what the government considered to be the5 Civilized Tribes Cherokees Creeks Chocktaws Chickasaws Seminoles Indian Removal 1828 GA legislature ordered Indian lands opened to white settlement Jackson supports this Cherokees appeal to the Supreme Court Court rules in their favor Jackson refuses to support the decision Indian Removal Jacksons policy leads to the forced removal of 100,000 Native Americans Indian Removal 1830 Indian Removal Act Some resist: Black Hawkcrushed in 1832 Seminoles retreat to Everglades Some Cherokees to Smokies Jackson Jackson Hates: Big business Monopolistic banking Bank of the US Bank War 1832 Clay v. Jackson over bank and for President Election of 1832 Jackson wins Buries the Bank of the US Result: Depression Election of 1836 Whigshad been National Republicans Support states rights American system Supported by: Large Northern Industrialists People alienated by Jackson Evangelical Christians Election of 1836 William Henry Harrison (Whig) Martin Van Buren (Democratic) Van Buren Van Buren wins Yes-man Doesnt get much accomplished Texas 1819 Adams-Onis Treaty Spain opened Texas to Americans No slaves Must be Catholic 1821Mexico wins independence from Spain 1826JQ Adams offers to buy Texas for $1 mil. Texas 183030 thousand Anglos are in Texas Tejano population is 4, Jackson offers to purchase Texas for $5 mil 1836 Texicans rebel against Mexico Texas AlamoSanta Anna wins Jim Bowie & Davie Crockett are killed Texas 1836Houstons army on the run Turns to fight Defeats Santa Anna 1837 Texas asks to be annexed by US Answer is NO Election of 1840 Tippacanoe & Tyler Too! No real platform No real campaign Appeal to Westerners Election of 1840 Harrison & Tyler beat Van Buren... but