Jefferson Takes Office• When Jefferson becomes president

in 1801, his party replaces Federalist programs with his own

Candidates in the Election of 1800• Thomas Jefferson, Aaron Burr are

the Democratic Republican candidates

• Believe the Alien and Sedition Acts violate Bill of Rights

Aaron Burr

Candidates in the Election of 1800 continued• John Adams is the Federalist

candidate• Thinks radicals, people with

extreme political views will ruin nation

The winners are..• Burr and Jefferson defeat Adams in

presidential election• Burr, Jefferson receive the same

number of electoral votes

Breaking the Tie• House of Representatives breaks

Burr/Jefferson tie• Federalists control the House of

Representatives• Some Federalists fear Jefferson’s views• Others, like Alexander Hamilton, feel

Burr is unreliable• House elects Jefferson as president

The Talented Jefferson• Jefferson has many talents• Advises Washington D.C. architects• Skilled violinist, horseman,

scientist, reader• Book collection becomes the core

for the Library of Congress

Thomas Jefferson

Jefferson’s Philosophy• Jefferson seeks to end many

Federalist policies• Allows Alien and Sedition Acts to end• Ends many taxes including whiskey

tax• Reduces the number of Federal

employees, government debt

Marshall and the Judiciary• Adams uses Judiciary Act of 1801

to appoint many Federalist judges• Jefferson is frustrated with

Federalist judiciary• Cannot change judges because

they are appointed for life

• Before leaving office, Adams picks Chief Justice of Supreme Court

• Federalist Chief Justice John Marshall in office for over thirty years

• Strengthens the federal courts, presides over Marbury v. Madison, 1803

John Marshal

Marbury v. Madison• Before leaving office, Adams picks

William Marbury as a justice• New Secretary of State James

Madison refuses to install Marbury• Marbury sues, case goes to

Supreme Court

Marbury v. Madison

Courts Ruling• Court rules that law under which

Marbury sues is unconstitutional• Unconstitutional means to

contradict the law of the Constitution

Judicial Review• Judicial review – Supreme Court

has the final say in interpreting the Constitution

• Helps establish balance between the 3 government branches