Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederacy.
Jefferson: His First Term as President
description
Transcript of Jefferson: His First Term as President
Mr. CalellaAmerican Studies I
Jefferson: His First Term as President
Thomas Jefferson
"I have sworn upon the altar of God eternal hostility against every form of tyranny over the mind of man."
Adams/Pinckney (Federalists) vs. Jefferson/Burr (Rep)
Rule under the Constitution-did not foresee emergence of political parties
Result: Adams most votes and Jefferson second most
What are the pros and cons of the result? What if McCain became Obama’s VP?
Election of 1796: 1st Problem with the Electoral College
John Adams-President
Thomas Jefferson-Vice President
Results of the Election of 1796
Same men running again as in 1796Each Elector had two votes, but only one
“bin”Jefferson and Burr tie-vote goes to HouseWhat did Jefferson expect Burr to do?
Why do you think Burr refused? What kind of person do you think Burr was?
Federalists controlled House and pushed for Burr given their fear of Jefferson
However, Hamilton sways vote to Jefferson
Election of 1800: 2nd Problem with the Electoral College
Alexander Hamilton
A national debt, if it is not excessive, will be to us a national blessing.
Why do you think Jefferson called his victory a “revolution”? Do you agree or disagree? Why?
IRONY: Jefferson expands the power of both the government and the presidency during his two terms in office.
12th Amendment: provides for SEPARATE balloting in the Electoral College for P and VP (i.e., “two bins instead of one”)
Revolution of 1800 & 12th Amendment
Election of 1800
Electoral vote results
Election ultimately decided by the House of Representatives
Jefferson vision for American democracyIndependent, self-sufficient yeoman
farmers each owning piece of landSame for Indians, excludes blacks and
womenBudget cuts, especially militaryWanted to promote liberty and equality
Contradiction: owned slaves & belief in white supremacy; Sally Hemmings
Wanted to reduce power of central gov’tActually expanded power of gov’t and
presidency
Jeffersonian Democracy
“We are all Republicans-we are all Federalists.”Why did he make this statement?
No excessive formalityMaster politician
Willing to accept Federalist ideas which he knew would help the countryHamilton’s bank and public finance
systemBacking commerce and manufacturingBuilding federal roads and canals
Jefferson, the man
Burr running for NY governor before 1804 Election-Jefferson to choose new mate
Burr counting on NY Federalists, but Hamilton makes comment in papers
Burr loses and blames HamiltonThe ChallengeBackground on duelsThe duel on the cliffs of WeehawkenBurr the villain (the shot and then
treason)Burr on trial-Chief Justice Marshall
The Duel
The DuelHamilton purposely shoots into the air, but the scoundrel Burr then takes aim and shoots Hamilton in the gut.
Hamilton dies from the wound the next day, and Burr is charged with his murder.
Burr , Vice President of the U.S. at the time, becomes a fugitive of the law.
Burr goes on to commit an act of treason, but he is later found innocent.
Burr is never tried for Hamilton’s murder.
Marbury v. MadisonJudiciary Act of 1801
Midnight Justices
Writ of Mandamus
See Handout
ACTIVITY: Marbury v. Madison skit
The Louisiana PurchaseImportance of the Purchase; crowning
achievement for Jefferson as PresidentBackground
Napoleon used land to “feed” Hispaniola
Sugar and rum as valuable commodities Toussaint Louverture-REVOLUTIONYellow Fever and guerrilla warfare
Toussaint Louverture
The “Black Napoleon”
The DealJames Monroe and Robert R. LivingstonAuthority for $10M-Florida and New Orleans
Why were these important to Jefferson?1803, accepted a better deal ($15M for whole
area) pending ratification by 2/3s of SenateLand could make Jefferson’s vision come true
Constitutional IssueTreaty would be ratified, but constitutional?Guilty because expanding gov’t powerActually drafts Amendment, but ignores issue
The Louisiana Purchase (continued)
Some attacked, but most supported like Hamilton
Hamilton’s bonds made the deal possible
Hamilton’s importance to the dealWas it a smart move for the
Federalists?What is the irony behind England
buying the bonds to fund the deal?
Federalist Response to Purchase
Clark, Lewis and Sacajawea
Goal: find an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean
Why was Jefferson hoping to find an all-water route to the Pacific Ocean?
Wanted to know what he just boughtFlora and Fauna (Wooly Mammoths?)Indians and Jefferson’s hope for these
peoples1804, The two leaders-CHALLENGEMilitary expedition and Mandan additionsReach Pacific in 1805 and return in 1806
to everyone’s surpriseComing home was a lot quicker!A BIG SUCCESS-only 1 death
The Lewis and Clark Expedition
North African nationsTribute payments to PashasJefferson refuses to pay Pasha of Tripoli1801, Tripoli declares war and Jefferson
sends in the Marines!“Half hearted and ill started” (1801-
1803)Famous victory in 1804Importance of Jefferson’s actions
Sets up precedent for future presidentsJefferson expands powers of president
The Barbary Pirates
First term was huge successOrder without discipline, security
without large military, prosperity without regulation
Adopted the strong points of the Federalists and made them his own
Wins reelection overwhelminglyHowever, his second term is marked
with CHALLENGES
Conclusion