jawets microbiology medical
-
Upload
green-nurse -
Category
Documents
-
view
92 -
download
0
description
Transcript of jawets microbiology medical
-
5/19/2018 jawets microbiology medical
1/11
G e o . F. B r o o k s
K a r e n C . C a r r o l l
J a n e t S . Butel
S t e p h e n A . M o r s e
T i m o t h y A . M i e t z n e r
^
TO
J a w e t z , M e l n i c k Ade lberg s
MEDICAL
MICROBIOLOGY
rauu
25th Ed
-
5/19/2018 jawets microbiology medical
2/11
Hill
SELECTED MEDICALLY IMPORTANT MICROORGANISMS
/.
B CTERI
AEROBIC AND FACULTATIVE
BACTERIA
GRAM-POS ITIVE COCCI
Catalase-Positlve
Staphylococcus aureus
Staphylococcus epidermidis
Staphylococcus intermedius
Staphylococcus lugdunensis
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Staphylococcus
species
Catalase-Negative
Aerococcus
species
Enterococcusfaecalis
Enterococcusfaecium
Enterococcusspecies
Gemellaspecies
Lactococcusspecies
/.euconosfocspecies
Pediococcusspecies
Streptococcusagalactlae
(Group B)
Streptococcus canis
(Group G)
Streptococcusga llolyticus
(Group
D
formerly
5.bovis
Streptococcus
infantarius
{Group
D
formerly
bovis
Streptococcus pr eumor iae
Streptococcus pyogenes
(Group A)
Viridans group
streptococci
Streptococcusanginosus
Streptococcus
constellatus
Streptococcus
intermedius
Streptococcusmitis
Streptococcus
mutans
Streptococcussalivarius
Streptococcussanguis
Abiotrophia species
(nutritionally variant
streptococci)
Granulicatellaspecies
(nutritionally variant
streptococci)
GRAM-NEGATIVE COCCI
Moraxella catarrhalis
Neisseriagonorrhoeae
Neisseria
men ingitidis
Neisseriaspecies
GRAM -POSITIVE BACILLI
Arcanobacterium species
Bacillus anthracis
Bacilluscereus
Corynebacterium
diphtheriae
Corynebacteriumjeikeium
Corynebacterium species
Corynebacterium
urealyticum
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathioe
Gardnerella vaginalis
Gordoniaspecies
Listeria monocytogenes
Mycobacterium avium
Mycobacterium bovis
Mycobacterium chelonae
Mycobacterium fortuitum
Mycobacterium intraceilulare
Mycobacterium kansasii
Mycobacterium leprae
Mycobacterium marinum
Mycobacterium
tuberculosis
Mycobacterium species
Nocardia asteroides
Rhodococcus
equi
Tsukamurella species
GRAM-NEGATIVE BACILLI
Enterobacterlaceae
Citrobacter freundii
Citrobacterkoseri
Citrobacterspecies
Edwardsiello tarda
Enterobacter aerogenes
Enterobacter cloacae
Escherichia coli
Escherichiaspecies
Klebsiella
oxytoca
Klebsiellagronulomatis
Klebsiellapneumoniae
Klebsiellarhinoscleromatis
Morganella morganii
Proteus
mirabilis
Proteusvulgaris
Providencia rettgeri
Providenciastuortti
Salmonellacholeraesuis
SalmonellaParatyphi A
SalmonellaParatyphi B
So/mone//oTyphi
Salmonella serotypes
Serratia liquefaciens
Serratiamarcescens
Shigella boydii
Shigella dysenterioe
Shigella flexneri
Shigella sonnei
Yersiniaenteroco litica
Yersinia pestis
Nonenterobacteriaceae
Fermentative Bacilli
Aeromonasspecies
Pleslomonasshigelloides
Pasteurella
multocida
Vibrio cholerae
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Vibriospecies
Nonenterobacteriaceae
Nonfermentative Bacilli
Acinetobacter species
Alcaligenesspecies
Brevundimonasspecies
Burkholderia cepacia
Burkholderia mallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Chryseobacterium species
Comamonasspecies
Eikenellacorrodens
Moraxella catarrhalis
Moraxella species
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonasfluorescens
Pseudomonasspecies
Ralstonia pickettii
Roseomonasspecies
Shewanella
putrefaciens
Sphingobacterium
species
Sphingomonas species
Sfenotrophomonas
maltophilia
OTHER GRAM-NEGATIVE
BACILLI AND
COCCOBACILLI
Aggregatibacter
Actinobacillus
actinomycetemcomitans
Aggregatibacter
Haemophilus)
aphrophilus
Arcobacferspecies
Bartonella bacilliformis
Bartonella species
Bordetella bronchiseptica
Bordetella parapertussis
Bordetellapertussis
Bordetellaspecies
Brucellaspecies
Campylobacter fetus
Campylo bacter
jejuni
Campylobacterspecies
Capnocytophaga species
Cardiobacterium hominis
Chlamydophila
pneumoniae
Chlamydophila psittaci
Chlamydia trachomatis
Coxiella burnetii
Ehrlichiachaffeensis
Francisella tularensis
Haemophilus aegyptius
Haemophilus ducrey
Haemophilus influen
Haem ophilus parainfl
Haemophilus specie
Helicobacter pylori
Kingella kingae
Legionella micdadei
Legionella pneumop
Legionella species
Orientia tsutsugamu
Rickettsia akari
Rickettsia conoril
Rickettsia mooseri
Rickettsiaprov^/azek
Rickettsia rickettsii
Streptobacillus
moniliformis
MYCOPLASMAS
Mycoplasma genital
Mycoplasma hom inis
Mycoplasma pneum
Mycoplasmaspecie
Ureaplasma urealyti
TREPONEMATACEAE
SPIRAL OR GANIS
Borrelia burgdorferi
Borrelia recurrentis
Leptospira interrogan
Treponema pallidum
ANAEROBIC BACTERIA
GRAM-NEGA TIVE BACIL
Bacteroides fragilis
Bacteroidesspecies
Fusobacterium
necrophorum
Fusobacterium nucle
Mobiluncus species
Porphyromonasspe
Prevotella
melaninogenica
Prevotellaspecies
GRAM-NEGA TIVE COCC
Veillonella parvula
NON-SPORE-FORMING
GRAM-POSITIVE
BACILLI
Actinomyces israelii
Actinomycesspecie
Bifidobacterium spe
Eggerthella
species
Eubacterium specie
Lactobacillus specie
Propionibacterium a
Propionibacterium
species
SPORE-FORMING GRAM
POSITIVE BACILL
Clostridium botulinu
Clostridium difficile
{Continued on inside bac
-
5/19/2018 jawets microbiology medical
3/11
a LANGE m edical bo ok
Jawetz, Melnick,
Adelberg's
Medical Microbiolog
Twenty-Fifth Edi t ion
Geo.R
Brooks, MD
Professor Emeritus of Laboratory Medicine
and
Microbiology and Immunology
University of California
San Francisco
Karen C. Ca rroll, MD
Professor of Pathology
Jlie JohnsHopkinsUniversity Schoolof Medicine
Director, Division M edical Microbiology
The Johns Hopkins Hospital
Baltimore
Janet S. Butel, PhD
Distinguished Service Professor
Chair Department of Molecular Virology and
Microbiology
Baylor College of Medicine
Houston *
Stephen A. M orse, PhD
Associate Directo r for Science
Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Pro
National Centerfor Infectious Diseases
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Atlanta
Timothy
A.
Mietzner, Ph D
Associate Professor
DepartmeJit of Microbiology and Molecular
Genetics
University of PittsburghScJioolof Medicine P
Adjunc t Associate Professor of Microb iology
Arizona School of Dentistry and O ral Health
Mesa
Medical
c
Grauu
Hill
New York Ch icago San Francisco Lisbon Londo n Madrid Mexico City M ilan
New Delhi San Juan Seoul Singapore Sydney Toron to
-
5/19/2018 jawets microbiology medical
4/11
h mc rawHitt Companies
Jawetz, Meln ick , Adelberg 's Medical Micro bio log y, Twen ty-Fi f th Edi t ion
Copyright 2010
b \'
The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc..AJl rights resened. Printed in the United States of America. Except as permitted under
the United States Copyright Act of 19' ^6. no part of this publication
ma\-
be reproduced or distributed in an\' form or by an\' means, or stored in a
data base or retrieval
sj'stem,
without the prior written permission of the publisher.
Previous edit ions copyright 2 004 by The McG raw-Hill Co mpan ies, Inc.: copyright 2001, 1995, 1991 , 1989 by Appleton & Lange.
1 2 3 4 5 6 ~ 8 9 0 DOU'VDOW
14 13 12 11 10
ISBN 9 ^8-0-07-162496-1
MHID
0-07162496-1
ISSN 1054-2744
Notice
Medicine is an ever-changing science. As new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge, changes in treatment and drug
[herap\' arc required. The authors and the publisher of this work ha\-e checked with sources believed to be reliable in their efforts to provide
information that is com plete and generally in accord with the stand ards accepted at the time of publication .
Howe\ er.
in view of the pos-
sibilit)- of human error or changes in medical sciences, neither the authors nor the publisher nor an\- other parn' who has been involved in
the preparation or publication of this work warrants that the information contained herein is in
even.'
respect accurate or complete, and they
disclaim all responsibilir.- for any errors or omissions or for the results obtained from use of the information contained in this work. Readers
are encouraged to confirm the information contained herein with other sources. For example and in particular, readers are advised to check
the product information sheet included in the package of each drug the\ ' plan to administer to be certain that the information contained in
this work is accurate and that changes have not been made in the recommended dose or in the contraindications for administration. This
recom men dation is of particular impo rtance in connectio n with new or infrequently used drugs.
This book was set in Minion Pro by Newgen Publishing and Imaging Ser\-ices.
The editors were Michael W eitz and Harriet Lebowitz.
The production supervisor w asCath erine Saggese.
Production managem ent was provided by Newgen Publishing and Imaging Ser\ices.
The designer wasElise Lansdon; the cover designer was Margaret Webster-Shapiro.
CoverPhoto:Scanning electron m icrograph oiS treptococcus. Magnification x6. 200 (at 4x4'); Credit: David M. Phillips/Photo Researchers, Inc.
RR Donnelley was the printer and binder.
This book is printed on acid-free paper
McGraw-Hill books are available at special quantin' discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs.
To contact a representative please e-mail us at [email protected].
International Edit ion ISBN 978-0-07-174271-9; MHID 0-07-174271-9
Copyright 2 010 . Exclusive rights by The McGraw -Hill Com panies, Inc., for manufacture and exp ort . This book cannot be re-exported from the
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected] -
5/19/2018 jawets microbiology medical
5/11
Contents
Preface xi
S E C T I O N
I
FUNDAMENTALS OF
MICROBIOLOGY 1
Stephen A. Morse, PhD,
*
and
Timothy A. Meitzner, PhD
1.
2
4
1he Science of Microbiology
In troduction 1
Biologic Principles Illustrated by Microbiolog y 1
Viruses 2
Prions 2
Prokaryotes 3
Protists 5
Review Qu estion s 7
Cell Structure 9
In troduction 9
Optical Metho ds 9
Eukaryotic Cell Structure
Prokaryotic Cell Structure
Staining 36
Morphologic Changes During Growth
Review Q uest ions 38
11
13
37
Clas sification of Bacteria 41
Cri teria for Classification of Bacteria 42
Classification Systems 43
Description of the Major Categories & Groups
of Bacteria 44
Subtyping & Its Application 47
Nucleic Acid-B ased Taxo nom y 48
Nonculture Methods for the Identification of
Pathogenic Microo rganisms 50
Review Que st ions 51
The Grow th, Survival, Dea th of
Microorganisms
53
Survival of Microorganisms in the Natural
Env i ronment 53
The Meaning of Grow th 53
Exponentia l Grow th 53
The Grow th Curve 55
Maintenance of Cells in the
Exponentia l Phase 56
Defini tion & Mea suremen t of Death
Antim icrobial Agents 58
Review Qu estion s 62
56
Cultivation of Mic roorga nism s 65
Requirem ents for Grow th 65
Sources of Metabo lic Energy 65
Nutr i t ion 66
Environmental Factors Affecting
Growth 67
Cult ivation Me thods 70
Review Qu estio ns 73
Microbial Metabolism 75
Role of Meta bolism in Biosynthesis &
Growth 75
Focal Metabolites & Their
Interconversion 75
Assim ilatory Pathways 80
Biosynthetic Pathways 85
Patterns of Microbial Energy-Yielding
Metabolism 87
Regulation of Metabo lic Pathways 94
Review Qu est ions 96
Microbial Gen etics 97
Organizat ion of Genes 97
Replication
102
Transfer
of
D NA
103
Muta t ion Gene Rear rangement
107
Gene Expression
108
Genetic Engineering
111
Character izat ion of Cloned DNA 113
Site-Directed M utagenesis 116
Chapters I-7 were edited by Stephen A. Morse in his private capacity. No official support or endorsement by CDC is intended or should be inferred.
-
5/19/2018 jawets microbiology medical
6/11
Contents
Analysis with Cloned DNA: Hybridization
Probes
117
Manipulation of Cloned DNA
117
Review Questions 1
8
S E C T I O N II
I M M U N O L O G Y
121
Roderick Nairn, PhD
8. Imm unolog y 121
Immun ity & the Immu ne Response 121
Mechanisms of Innate Immunity 124
Mechanisms of Specific Host Defense
126
Antigen Recognition Molecules
127
Antibodies
128
Cell Surface Receptors for Antigen 131
Antibody-Mediated (Humoral) Immunity 135
The Com plement System 136
Cell-Mediated Immunity 138
Cytokines 140
Hypersensitivity
140
Inadequate Immune Responses to
Infectious Agents
142
Immunologic Diagnostic Tests
142
Review Questions
143
S E C T I O N III
BACTERIOLOGY 145
Geo.R Brooks, MD, and Karen C.Carroll MD
9. Path ogen esis of Bacterial Infection 145
Identifying Bacteria That Cause Disease 146
Transmission of Infection 147
The Infectious Process 147
Genomics & Bacterial Pathogenicity
148
Regulation of Bacterial Virulence Factors
148
Bacterial Virulence Factors
149
Review Q uestions
157
10.
Normal Hum an Microbiota 159
Role of the Resident Microbiota 159
Normal Microbiota of the Skin
160
Normal Microbiota of the Mouth Upper
Respiratory Tract 161
Normal Microbiota of the Intestinal Tract
162
Normal Microbiota of the Urethra
163
Norm al M icrobiota of the Vagina 163
Normal Microbiota of the Conjunctiva 163
Review Q uestions
163
11
. Spore-Form ing Gram -Positive Bacilli:
Bacillus Clostridium
Species 165
Bacillus Species
165
Bacillus anthracis
165
Bacillus cereus
167
Clostridium Species
168
Clostridium botulinum 169
Clostridium tetani
170
Clostridia That Produce Invasive Infections 1
Clostridium difficile
& Diarrheal D isease 172
Review Question s 173
12. AerobicNonspore-FormingGram-Positive
Bacilli:Corynebacterium, Listeria, Erysipelothri
Actinomycetes, &Related P athogens
75
Corynebacterium diphtheriae
175
Other Coryneform Bacteria
179
Listeria monocytogenes
180
Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae 181
Actinomycetes 181
Nocardiosis 182
Actinomycetoma 183
Review Que stions 183
1 3 . The Staphylococci 185
Review Que stions 191
1 4 . Th e Streptoco cci 195
Introduct ion 195
Classification of Streptococci
195
Streptococcus pyogenes
197
Streptococcusagalactiae
202
Groups C & G
202
Group DStreptococci
202
Streptococcus anginosus Group 202
Group N Streptococci 203
Groups E,F,G,H, & K- U Streptococci 203
Viridans Streptococci 203
Nutritionally Variant Streptococci
203
Peptostreptococcus
203
Streptococcus pneumoniae
203
Enterococci 206
Other Catalase-Negative Gram-Positive
Cocci 208
Review Qu estions
209
15 .
Enteric Gram -Negative Rods
(Enterobacterlaceae) 213
Classification
213
Diseases Caused by Enterobacteriaceae Oth er
Tha n Salm onella & Shigella
217
The Shigellae
220
TheSalmon ella-Arizona Group 221
Review Questions
225
-
5/19/2018 jawets microbiology medical
7/11
Conten
16.
Pseudom onads, Acinetobacters, Un c o mmo n
Gram -Negative Bacteria 227
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
227
Burkholderia pseudomallei
230
Burkholderia mallei
230
Burkholderia cepacia
Complex &
Burkholderia
gladioli
230
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
231
Other
Pseudomonads
231
Actinobacillus
232
Achromobacter &Alcaligenes 232
Ochrobactrum
232
Capnocytophaga
232
Cardiobacterium
232
Chromohacteria
I'^l
Eikenella corrodens 232
Chryseobacterium
232
iCm^e//^
233
Moraxella
233
Review Questions
233
17. Vibrios, Cam pylobacters, Helicobacter,
Associated Bacteria 235
Vibrio cholerae
235
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
& Ot her Vibrios 238
Campylobacter jejuni & Campylobacter
coli
239
Campylobacter fetus
240
Other Campylobacters
240
Helicobacter pylori
240
Review Questions
242
18.
Ha em ophilu s, Bordetella, Brucella,
Francisella 245
Haemophilus influenzae
245
Haemophilus aegyptius l l
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus
247
Haemophilus ducreyi
247
O t h e r
Haemophilus
Species
248
Bordetella pertussis
248
Bordetella parapertussis
250
Bordetella bronchiseptica
250
Review Q uest ions 254
19 .
Yersinia Pasteur ella 2 57
Yersinia pestis
& Plague 257
Yersinia enterocolitica& Yersinia
pseudotuberculosis
259
Pasteurella
260
Review Quest ions
260
2 0 .
The Neisseria e 263
Neisseria gonorrhoeae 263
Neisseria meningitidis
269
O t h e r
Neisseriae
270
Review Q uest ions
270
2 1 . Infections Caused by Anaerob ic
Bacteria 273
Anaerobic Bacteria Found in Human
Infections 274
Pathogenesis of Anaerobic Infections
Immunity in Anaerobic Infections 278
The Polymicrobial Nature of Anaerobic
Infections
278
Diagnosis of Anaerobic Infections 278
Treatment of Anaerobic Infections 279
Review Q uest ions
279
2 2 . Legionellae, Bartonella, 8c Unusu al
Bacterial Path ogen s 281
Legionella pneumophila & Other
Legionellae 281
Bartonella
284
Bacteria That Cause Vaginosis 285
Streptobacillus moniliformis
285
Calymmatobacterium (Donovania)
Granulomatis
286
Whipple Disease 286
Review Q uest ions 286
2 3 . Mycobacteria 289
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
289
OtherM ycobacter ia 297
Mycobacterium leprae
298
Review Q uest ions
299
2 4 .
Spirochetes Othe r Spiral
Microorganisms 301
Treponema pallidum
& Syphilis 301
Diseases Related to
S)^hilis 304
Borrelia
SpeciesScRelapsing Fever
305
Borrelia burgdorferi
& Lyme Disease 30
Spirillum minor (Spirillum morsus muris)
Spirochetes of the Norm al Mo uth & Muco
M e m b r a n e s 310
Review Q uest ions 311
2 5 .
Mycoplasm as Cell Wa ll-Defective
Bacteria 313
Mycoplasmas 313
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
& Atypical
P n e u m o n i a s 315
Mycoplasma hominis
316
Ureaplasma urealyticum
316
Mycoplasma genitalium 316
Cell Wall-Defective Bacteria 316
Review Quest ions 317
-
5/19/2018 jawets microbiology medical
8/11
Contents
26 .
Rickettsia Ehrlichia 319
General
319
Ehrlichiosis 323
Review Que stions 324
27. Chlamyd iae 327
Trachoma 330
Chlamydia trachomatis: Genital Infections &
Inclusion Conjunctivitis 331
Lymp hogranuloma venereum 332
Chlamydophila pneumoniae & Respiratory
Infections 333
Chlamydia psittaci & Psittacosis 334
Review Q uestions 336
2 8 . Antimicrobial Chem otherapy 339
Selective Toxicity 339
Inhibitio n of Cell Wall Synthesis 339
Inhibition of Cell M em bran e Func tion 340
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis 341
Inhibition of Nucleic Acid Synthesis 343
Origin of Drug Resistance 343
Cross-Resistance 344
Limitation of Drug Resistance 344
Clinical Implications of Drug Resistance 344
Factors Affecting Antimicrobial Activity 346
Measurement of Antimicrobial Activity
346
Drug-Pathogen Relationships
347
Host-Pathogen Relationships
348
Selection of Antibiotics 348
Dangers of Indiscrimina te Use
349
Antimicrobial Drugs Used in
Combinat ion 349
Antimicrobial Chemoprophylaxis 350
Penicillins
352
Cephalosporins 358
Other P-Lactam Drugs
361
Tetracyclines
361
Glycylcyclines
362
Chloramphenicol 362
Erythromycins 363
Clindamycin & Lincomycin
364
Glycopeptides
364
Daptomycin
364
Streptogramins
364
Oxazolidinones
365
^
Bacitracin
365
Polymyxins
365
Aminoglycosides
365
Quinolones 367
Sulfonamides & Trim ethop rim 368
Other Drugs with Specialized Uses 369
Drugs Used Primarily to Treat
Mycobacterial Infections 369
Review Que stions 371
S E C T I O N I y
VIROLOGY 373
Janets.
Butel
PhD
2 9 . General Prop erties of Viru ses
373
Terms & Definitions in Virology 373
Evolutionary Origin of Viruses
374
Classification of Viruses 374
Principles of Virus Struc ture 378
Chemical Composition of Viruses
380
Cultivation & Assay of Viruses 383
Purification & Identification of Viruses 384
Labo ratory Safety 385
Reaction to Physical & Chemical Agents 385
Replication of Viruses: An Overview 386
Genetics of Animal Viruses 391
Natural H istory (Ecology) & Mo des of
Transm ission of Viruses 393
Review Qu estions 394
3 0 .
Pathog enesis Con trol of Viral Diseases 397
Principles of Viral Diseases 397
Pathogenesis of Viral Diseases 398
Prevention & Treatment of Viral
Infections
407
Review Qu estions
413
3 1 .
Parvoviruses 417
Properties of Parvoviruses
417
Parvovirus Infections in Humans
418
Review Qu estions
421
3 2 . Adenov iruses 423
Properties of Adenoviruses
423
Adenovirus Infections in Humans
427
Review Que stions 430
3 3 . Herpesviruses 433
Properties of Herpesviruses 433
Herp es Simplex Viruses 437
Varicella-Zoster Virus
442
Cytomegalovirus
445
Epstein-Barr Virus
450
Human Herpesvirus 6
453
Hum an Herpesvirus 7 453
Human Herpesvirus 8 453
B Virus 453
Review Questions 454
-
5/19/2018 jawets microbiology medical
9/11
Contents
3 4 .
Poxviruses 457
Properties of Poxviruses 457
Poxvirus Infections in Humans: Vaccinia 8c
Variola 460
Monkeypox Infections 464
Cowpox Infections
465
Buffalopox Infections
465
Orf Virus Infections 465
MoUuscum contagiosum 466
Tanapox & Yaba Monkey Tu mo r Poxvirus
Infections
468
Review Questions
468
3 5 . Hepa titis Viruses 471
Properties of Hepatitis Viruses 471
Hepatitis Virus Infections in Humans
476
Review Questions
487
3 6 .
Picornaviruses (Enterovirus
Rhino virus Groups) 491
Properties of Picornaviruses 491
Polioviruses 494
Coxsackieviruses
497
Other Enteroviruses
500
Enteroviruses in the Environmen t 501
Parechovirus Grou p 501
Rhinovirus Group
502
Foot-and-Mouth Disease (Aphthovirus
of Cattle)
503
Review Questions 504
3 7 . Reoviruses, Rotaviruses,
Caliciviruses 507
Rotaviruses 508
Reoviruses 512
Orbiviruses & Coltiviruses 512
CaUciviruses 512
Astroviruses
514
Review Q uest ions
515
3 8 . Arthropod-Borne Rodent-Borne
Viral Dise ases 517
Togavirus & Flavivirus Encephalitis 519
Yellow Fever
526
Dengue
528
Bunyavirus Encephalitis 529
Sandfly Fever 530
Rift Valley Fever 530
Colorado Tick Fever 530
Bunyavirus Diseases
531
Arenavirus D iseases
532
Filovirus Diseases 534
Review Quest ions 536
3 9 .
Orthom yxoviruses (Influenza Viruses)
Propert ies of Orthom yxoviruses 539
Influenza Virus Infections in Humans
5
Review Q uest ions
550
4 0 .
Param yxoviruses Rubella Virus
553
Properties of Paramy xoviruses 553
Parainfluenza Virus Infections 556
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections 5
Human Metapneumovirus Infect ions 5
Mu mp s Virus Infections
563
Measles (Rubeola) Virus Infections
564
He ndr a Virus & Nipah Virus Infections
Postnatal Rubella 568
Cong enital Rubella Synd rom e 570
Review Questions
571
4 1 . Coronaviruses
573
Propertie s of Co ronav iruses 573
Coronav irus Infect ions in Hu ma ns 574
Review Que stions 577
4 2 . Rabies, Slow Virus Infection s, Prion
Diseases 579
Rabies 579
Borna Disease 585
Slow Virus Infections & Prion Diseases
Review Q uest ions 588
4 3 . Hum an Cancer Viruses 591
General Features of Viral Carcinogenesis
Retroviruses 593
Cellular Oncoge nes 600
Tumor Suppressor Genes 600
Polyomaviruses 600
Papillomaviruses
602
Adenoviruses
605
Herpesviruses
606
Poxviruses
606
Hepa titis B Virus & Hepatitis C Virus 6
Review Q uest ions 607
4 4 .
AID S Lentiviruses 609
Properties of Lentiviruses 609
HIV Infect ions in Humans
613
Review Q uest ions
622
S E C T I O N f
MYCOLOGY 625
Thomas G
Mitchell
PhD
4 5 .
Medical Mycology 625
Gen eral Prop erties & Classification of Fung
-
5/19/2018 jawets microbiology medical
10/11
VUl
Contents
Growth & Isolation of Fungi
630
Superficial Myc oses 630
Cutaneous Mycoses
630
Subcutaneous Mycoses
634
Sporotrichosis
634
Chromoblastomycosis
635
Phaeohyphomycosis 637
Mycetoma
637
Endemic Mycoses 638
Coccidioidomycosis 639
Histoplasmosis 641
Blastomycosis 644
Paracoccidioidomycosis 646
Opportunistic Mycoses 646
Candidiasis 647
Cryptococcosis 649
Aspergillosis 651
Mucormycosis 652
Pneumocystis Pneumonia 653
Penicilliosis 653
Other Opportunistic Mycoses
654
Antifungal Prophylaxis
654
Hypersensitivity to Fungi
654
Mycotoxins
655
Antifungal Chemotherapy
655
Topical Antifungal Agents 660
ReviewQuest ions 661
S E C T I O N
f
PARASITOLOGY 665
Judy A. Sakanari, PhD, and James H.
McKerrow, MD, PhD
46 . Medical Parasitology 665
Giardia lamblia (Intestinal Flagellate) 669
Entamoeba histolytica (Intestinal & Tissue
Ameba)
670
Other Intestinal Am ebae 672
Cryptosporidium
(Intestinal
Sporozoa) 672
Cyclospora (Intestinal Sporozoa) 673
Trichomonas vaginalis (Geni tour inary
Flagellate) 673 ^
Blood Flagellates 673
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
8f
T b gambiense
(Blood Flagellates) 674
Trypanosoma cruzi (Blood Flagellate) 675
Leishmania species (Blood Flagellates)
675
Entamoeba histolytica (TissueAmeba)See
Intestinal Protozoan Infections Section 677
Naegleria fowleri, Acanthamoeba
castellanii,
&
Balamuthia mandrillaris
(Free-Living
Amebae) 677
Plasmodium Species (Blood Sporozoa) 677
Babesia microti (Blood Sporozoa) 681
Toxoplasma gondii (Tissue Sporozoa)
682
Microsporidia 682
Enterobius vermicularis (PinwormIntestinal
Nematode)
683
Trichuris trichiura (WhipwormIntestinal
Nematode)
683
Ascaris lumbricoides (Human Roundworm
Intestinal Nematode)
684
Ancylostoma duodenale &Necator americanus
(Human HookwormsIntestinal
Nematode) 684
Strongyloides stercoralis (Human
ThreadwormIntestinal& Tissue
Nematode) 685
Trichinella spiralis (Intestinal & Tissue
Nematode)
689
Fasciolopsis buski (Giant Intestinal Fluke
Intestinal Trematode )
690
Taenia saginata (Beef
TapewormIntestinal
Cestode)
8f
Taenia solium (Pork Tapeworm-
Intestinal & Tissue Cestode) 692
Diphyllobothrium latum
(Broad Fish
TapewormIntestinalCestode) 692
Hymenolepis nana (Dwarf Tapeworm
Intestinal C estode) 692
Dipylidium caninum
(Dog Tapeworm
Intestinal Cestode)
693
Wuchereria bancrofti &Brugia malayi
(Lymphatic
FilariasisTissue
Nematodes)
693
Onchocerca volvulus (River Blindness
Tissue Nematode)
693
Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea Worm
Tissue Nematode )
695
Larva Migrans (Zoonotic Larval Nematode
Infections) 695
Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese Liver Fluke),
Fasciolahepatica (Sheep Liver
Fluke), &Paragonimus westermani
(LungFlukeTissue
Trematodes) 695
Schistosoma mansoni, Sjaponicum,
S haematobium (Blood Flukes) 696
Taenia soliumCysXicercosis/
Neurocysticercosis 698
Echinococcusgranulosus (Hydatid Cyst) 698
Review Questions 698
-
5/19/2018 jawets microbiology medical
11/11
Contents
S E C T I O N f
DIAGNOSTIC MEDICAL
MICROBIOLOGY
CLINICAL
CORRELATION 703
Karen C
Carroll
MD
4 7 . Principles of Diagnos t ic Medical
Microbiology 703
Communicat ion Between Physic ian &
Laboratory 703
Dia gnos is of Bacterial & Fungal Infections 704
The Im portance of Norm al Bacter ia l Fu
Flora 714
Laboratory Aids in the Selection of
Antimicrobial Therapy 715
Diagnosis of Infection by An atom ic Site
Anae robic Infections 722
Diagnosis of Chlam ydial Infections 722
Dia gnos is of Viral Infections 724
Review Qu estions 731
4 8 . Cases &
Clinical Correlations
735
Index 773