Jatropha Dilip Gokhale IFAD, Rome, 10-11 April 2008.
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Transcript of Jatropha Dilip Gokhale IFAD, Rome, 10-11 April 2008.
Jatropha
Dilip Gokhale
IFAD, Rome, 10-11 April 2008
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Jatropha: Experience of Agro-Forestry & Wasteland Development Foundation, Nashik, India
Contents
Learnings from 17 years of jatropha cultivation Issues Next steps
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Jatropha: Experience of Agro-Forestry & Wasteland Development Foundation, Nashik, India
Started by Vinayakrao Patil, a local farmer Commercial plantation for 17 years from 1986 to 2003
– 1986: 8 acres
– At its peak in 1995: >20,000 acres (>8,000 ha)
– At the close in 2003: Nil (as farmers were frustrated and gradually shifted to other crops)
Number of farmers > 2,500 Elite Curcas varieties from world over Visits by persons from:
– World Bank Mission on Forestry, Hohenheim University, Swiss Development Corporation, Governments of India and Maharashtra (local state Govt.), several NGOs
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Jatropha: Learnings of Agro-Forestry & Wasteland Development Foundation, Nashik, India
Spacing of 3m X 3m is necessary for block plantation. Shorter spacing (2X2 or 3X2) is definitely unsuitable
For single row, hedge plantation, 2mX2m is fine Fertilizer application is necessary:
“If there is no input, there will be no output” is universally true
Pruning is necessary for optimum yield Sunlight is necessary for higher yield (the old rule) With irrigation, the vegetative growth is high but the
yield increase is not proportionate The seed yield stabilizes from the 7th year onwards
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Jatropha: Learnings of Agro-Forestry & Wasteland Development Foundation, Nashik, India
3mX3m spacing necessary
Seven year old block planatation
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Pruning necessary
Jatropha: Learnings of Agro-Forestry & Wasteland Development Foundation, Nashik, India
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Jatropha: Learnings of Agro-Forestry & Wasteland Development Foundation, Nashik, India
The average yield, even after seven years, was <500 kg / acre per year of sun-dried seeds i.e.Less then 1.25 M.T. / ha per year
Consequently, after 17 years, it was decided to drop the project
The experience of other old projects is not different(e.g. Bharatiya Agro Industries Foundation, started by Mahatma Gandhi)
Therefore, it is time now to take a pause, It is time for introspection …
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Jatropha: Issues
When one walks on a jatropha field, every plant looks different: Yield (uniformity)
– Branching
– Days to first flowering,
– Number of flushes in a year
– Female to male flower ratio
– No. of seeds per fruit
– Seed weight Oil content Oil quality Clear need to develop high yielding varieties and Seed multiplication / propagation
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Jatropha: Issues
Toxicity The varieties propagated are toxic It is fine to put a few M.T. of toxic cake in the soil as
fertilizer But can we put millions of M.T. of toxic waste year after
year? What impact will it have on underground water? On the soil?
Host to diseases (E.g. Cassava mosaic virus) A jatropha plantation can cause havoc to the
neighboring plantations e.g. cassava
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Jatropha: Conclusion and proposed actions
Conclusion The current plantations are not sustainable unless high
yielding varieties are introduced and their seed multiplication stabilized
If we continue with them, we risk creating many sick units
We cannot make farmers commit their lands for 50 years to uneconomic varieties
It will be a major disservice to jatropha Hence we should consider a temporary ban on further
plantation for the time being
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Jatropha: Conclusion and proposed actions
Next steps Invite seed industry expertise for varietal improvement
and seed multiplication Public-Private partnership may be considered in
– Breeding
– Marker development
– Seeds production / Propagation
Global communication necessary IFAD can play a major role in defining research
objectives and fund research together with industry
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Jatropha: Conclusion and proposed actions
Thanks
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Background: Emerging Realities in Agriculture…
• In short to medium term, crude oil price are likely to stay at around $ 100 / barrel or may even reach higher levels
• This will directly impact food prices on account of:
• Rise in demand for land use for biofuels crops and
• Higher cost of agricultural inputs (fertilizers, labour, pesticides as well as transport of goods to and from farm-gate)
• Countries having food surplus will divert some of their land for biofuels crops (e.g. U.S.A., Brazil)
• Population growth and rapid urbanization in the developing world will put further pressure on land available for food production
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Background: Emerging Realities in Agriculture…
Land hitherto considered unsuitable for agriculture will have to be brought under cultivation
Stress tolerant crops which can survive under severe agro-climatic conditions will have to be developed
Land productivity will have to substantially increase from its present level
Crops efficient in converting solar energy into stored energy (solid or liquid) will have to developed / adapted
New bio-fuel crops, hitherto not cultivated commercially viz. jatropha will unknown will