Jatropha Curcas Oil: Miracle Plant for Small Villages in India
description
Transcript of Jatropha Curcas Oil: Miracle Plant for Small Villages in India
Jatropha curcas
Prof. K.S. Neelakantan, I.F.S.Dean
Forest College & Research institute
BIODIESEL
Dr.Rudolf Diesel – 1895– Peanut oil
The use of vegetable oils for engine fuel may seem insignificant today. But such oils may become in course of time as important as petroleum and the coal tar products of the present time
Origin
South America & Africa
16th century – India – Portugese settlers.
Concept of Biodiesel
Soya based Biodiesel –U.S.ARape seed based biodiesel – GermanSunflower based biodiesel – France & U.K
Incentives & tax concessions are offered.
World Energy Consumption (in MOTE)
Country Oil Gas Coal Nuclear Hydro Total Per capita
KGUSA 883 553 543 198 26 2205 8077
China 200 19 511 4.1 18 753 602India 95 21 150 3.3 7 276 277
% 34 8 54 1.1 2.5 100Africa 116 47 89 3.9 6 261 416Japan 259 67 92 82 8 507 3995World 3462 2064 2130 651 227 8537 1428
Indian Production and Import of Crude Oil (Million tones)
Year Production Import Total Import %
Cost
Rs.
in Crores1971 6.8 11.7 18.5 63 1071981 10.5 16.2 26.7 61 33491991 33 20.7 53.7 39 61182001 32 57.9 89.9 64 306952002 32 73.5 105 70 90,000
Planning Commission - GoI
VisionPhase I – Demonstration Project 2003-2007
Phase II – Self sustaining & expansion 2007-2012
IIM Ahamadabad Study –In Gujarat & Maharashtra
Jatropha is popular as soap oil
Planning Commission – GoI (Contd...)
Micro Mission
Forest land - Gujarat, Chatisgargh, Tamil Nadu, Tripura50000/ha/state
Non-forest land - NOVOD Board, Ministry of Agrl. & Cooperatives
Other lands - Other Dept. of Rural Development
Procurement ofSeed & oil extraction - KVIC
Transesterification, Blending & Trade - IOC, Ministry of Petroleum
R & D - SAUs, I I Ts
TN Government Initiatives
Forest College
&
Jatropha
Ongoing Projects1. Afforestation of wasteland through
energy plantations – SLUB
2. NOVOD – Networking project on Jatropha
3. University – Venture Capital
4. ICAR – Network Project on TBO’s
5. ICAR – Agroforestry
6. ICAR under utilized crop
Crop Mandate – 1992 onwards
Jatropha Cultivation & Management
Propagation –seeds & cuttings
Soil – wide range Climate - arid & semi arid
Spacing –2x2m to 3x3m
Irrigation
Nil – with proper & well distributed rainfall
Additional irrigation – needbased
Fertilizer Application
Organic – FYM – 5 kg/plant
Inorganic – 20g of urea 120 g super p16 g m.o.p
Biofertilizers – Azo. 10 gVAM 50 g
Pest and Disease
Pest – Defoliator
Disease
Nursery –Damping off
Field – Root rot
Bavistin & COC
1st yield – 1st year
Harvestable yield – 3rd year
Economic yield – 5th year
Rainfed – 200 g to 2.5 kg
Irrigated – 500 g to 5 kg
Yield
GermplasmSpecies collection
Jatropha curcas
Jatropha curcas (nontoxic)
J. curcas x J integrerrima
Jatropha gossypifolia
Jatropha glandulifera
Jatropha tanjorensis
Jatropha multifida
Jatropha podagrica
Jatropha integerrima
Seed sources – 19
Oil content - 26.6 to 35.5%
TNMC-6
Production and Supply of QualityPlanting Materials
State Agricultural Dept.
Horticultural Dept.
DRDA
Railways
NGO’s
Agroindustries & Farmers
1.5 lakhs seedlings have been supplied
1. Development of hybrids
2. Screening superior clones for higherproductivity, resistance and droughttolerance
3. Developing strategies for massmultiplication of superior cultivars
4. Development of non-toxic Jatropha
5. Production, supply & establishmentof bio-diesel park in every agro-ecological zones
6. Human Resource Development
Institute offers Trainings to
Farmers
Departmental Personnel
NGO’s and
Trainers Training Programme
7. Short and long term consultancy to agro-based industriesand farmers
Requirement of Land for Jatropha
For Indian Railways
5% - 52,000 ha
10% - 1,04,000 ha
20% - 2,08,000 ha
For India
5% - 1.185 millionha
10% - 2.37 million ha
20% - 4.75 million ha
Cost of Cultivation / ha (TNAU)
Land Poor soil / Rainfed
Spacing 2 x 1.5
Density 3330
I II III
Land preparation 2000 0 0
Planting of seedlings 6600 @Rs.2/- per seedlings
0 0
Cost of FYM 0 0 0
Fertilizer 0 0 0
Irrigation 0 0 0
Weeding/ intercultivation/ harvesting
2000 2000 2000
Total 10600 2000 2000
Cost of Cultivation / ha (NGO’s) Seed
Land Normal Soil Fertile Soil
Spacing 2 x 2 2 x 3
Density 2500 1670
I Yr. II Yr. III Yr. I Yr. II Yr. III Yr.Land preparation
2000 0 0 1670 0 0
Planting of seedlings
5000 Rs.2/- per seedlings
0 0 [email protected]/- per seedlings
0 0
Cost of FYM 1500 0 0 1500 0 0
Fertilizer 0 2000 2000 0 2000 2000
Irrigation 2000 1500 1500 2000 1500 1500
Weeding/ intercultivation/ harvesting
2000 2000 2000 2000 2000 2000
Total 12500 5500 5500 10500 5500 5500
Cost of Cultivation / ha (NGO’s)
* May be subsidized @Rs.2/- per seedlings
Seedlings
Land Normal Fertile
Spacing 2 x 2 2 x 3
Density 2500 1670
I Yr. II Yr. III Yr. I Yr. II Yr. III Yr. Land preparation
2000 0 0 1670 0 0
Planting of seedlings
10000 Rs.4/- per seedlings*
0 0 8680 Rs.4/- per seedlings*
0 0
Cost of FYM 1500 0 0 1500 0 0
Fertilizer 0 2000 2000 0 2000 2000
Irrigation 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000 3000
Weeding/ intercultivation/ harvesting
2500 2500 2500 2500 2500 2500
Total 19000 7500 7500 17350 7500 7500
Yield and Economic Projections
Poor Soil / Rainfed (TNAU)
Normal Soil (NGO’s)
Fertile Soil (NGO’s)
Planting density 2 x 1.5 m 2 x 2 m 2 x 3 m
Population/ha 3330 2500 1670
Seed yield/plant (3rd year) 200 g (Unpruned) 1.00 kg 1.500 kg
Seed yield/ha 670 kg (Unpruned) 2500 kg 2500 kg
Oil kg – 30% 220 kg 830 kg 830 kg
Cake kg – 70% 450 kg 1670 kg 1670 kg
Revenue @ Rs.20/kg oil Rs.4400 Rs.16600 Rs.16600
Revenue @ Rs.5/kg cake Rs.2250 Rs.8350 Rs.8350
Gross Total Rs.6650 Rs.24950 Rs.24950
TNAU – Pilot Plant for Bio-diesel
Cost of plant - Rs. 1.5 lakhs
Capacity - 250 lit/day
Conversion efficiency - 99%
Bye product - Glycerol
Cost of production - Rs. 4 to 5 / litof bio-diesel
Effect on Rural EconomySeed price – Rs.5/kg
Seed yield – 2000 – 3000 kg
5 ha plantations/Group
Rs.60,000 per year income
Gainful employment in rural sector
Contribution to national energy pool