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JARINGAN KOMPUTER(COMPUTER NETWORKING)

Windhu PurnomoFKM Unair

2012

Definition

� Computer networking is the scientific and engineering discipline concerned with communication between computer systems. Such networks involve at least two computers separated by a few inches (e.g. via Bluetooth) or thousands of miles (e.g. via the Internet).

� Computer networking is sometimes considered a sub-discipline of telecommunications.

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Jaringan komputer:

Sejarah

� September, 1940 George Stibitz: teletype machine send instructions for a problem set from his Model K at Dartmouth College in New Hampshire to his Complex Number Calculator in New York

� 1962, J.C.R. Licklider: a working group "Intergalactic Network", a precursor ARPANet

� 1964, researchers at Dartmouth: a time sharing system for distributed users of large computer systems

� 1964, MIT, a research group supported by General Electric and Bell Labs used a computer (DEC's PDP-8) to route and manage telephone connections

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Sejarah

� 1968 Paul Baran: a network system consisting of datagrams or packets switching network between computer systems

� 1969 the University of California at Los Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of California at Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah were connected as the beginning of the ARPANet network using 50 kbit/s circuits.

� Networks, and the technologies needed to connect and communicate through and between them, continue to drive computer hardware, software, and peripheralsindustrie

� This expansion is mirrored by growth in the numbers and types of users of networks from researchers and businesses to families and individuals in everyday use.

Manfaat jaringan komputer

�Berbagi sumber daya

�Reliabilitas tinggi (ada sumber-sumber

alternatif persediaan)

�Efisiensi (hemat)

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Categorizing

�Local area network (LAN)

�HomePNA

�Power line communication (HomePlug)

�Metropolitan area network (MAN)

�Wide area network (WAN)

�Personal area network (PAN)

LAN

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MAN

WAN

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Internet

Jaringan tanpa kabel

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Functional relationship

�Client-server

�Peer-to-peer (Workgroup)

Peer to peer network

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Network topography/topology

�Bus network

�Star network

�Ring network

�Mesh network

�Star-bus network

Topography

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Token ring

Star

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BUS

Protocol stacks

� ARCNET

� AppleTalk

� ATM

� Bluetooth

� DECnet

� Ethernet

� FDDI

� Frame relay

� HIPPI

� IEEE 1394

� IEEE 802.11

� IEEE-488

� IP

� IPX

� Myrinet

� QsNet

� RS-232

� SPX

� System Network Architecture

� Token Ring

� TCP� TCP Tuning USB

� UDP

� X.25

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Wired transmission

� Public switched telephone network�Modems and dial-up

� Dedicated lines – leased lines� Time-division multiplexing� Packet switching� Frame relay� PDH� Ethernet� RS-232� Optical fiber

�Synchronous optical networking

�Fiber distributed data interface

Wireless transmission

� Short range � Bluetooth

� Medium range � IEEE 802.11

� Long range � Satellite

� MMDS

� SMDS

� Mobile phone data transmission (channel access methods) � CDMA

� CDPD

� GSM

� TDMA

� Paging networks � DataTAC

� Mobitex

� Motient

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Ethernet Router Network Diagram

Ethernet Hub /Switch Network Diagram

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Wireless Router Network Diagram

Hybrid Ethernet Router / Wireless Access Point Network Diagram

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Direct Connection Network Diagram

Ad Hoc Wireless Network Diagram

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Phoneline Home Network Diagram

INTERNET

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Definition

The term Internet (or simply the Net) today refers to the global network of public computers running Internet Protocol

(The term "Internet" was originally coined in the 1970s)

� The Internet supports the public WWW (World-Wide Web in 1990) and many special-purpose client/server software systems

� It is made up of thousands of smaller commercial, academic, domestic, and government networks

"Internet" refers to the global

information system that:

� is logically linked together by a globally unique address space based on the Internet Protocol (IP) or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons;

� is able to support communications using the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite or its subsequent extensions/follow-ons, and/or other IP-compatible protocols; and

� provides, uses or makes accessible, either publicly or privately, high level services layered on the communications and related infrastructure described herein."

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3 level hierarchy:

1. backbone networks(e.g. ARPAnet, NSFNet, MILNET)

2. mid-level networks

3. stub networks

These include commercial (.com or .co),

university (.ac or .edu) and other research networks

(.org, .net) and military (.mil) networks and span many

different physical networks around the world with

various protocols, chiefly the Internet Protocol

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