Japan’s Cooperation for Rural WaterJapan’s Cooperation for Rural Water in Senegal and its impact on Gender in Senegal and its impact on Gender

Takeo IshikawaTakeo IshikawaDirectorDirector

Water Resources Management Division II　Water Resource and Disaster Management Group Global Environment Department

Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA)

29 May 2008, Gender and Infrastructure Workshop

TICAD IV side-event

2

Contents1. Japan’s Cooperation for Rural Water Supply in Senegal

2. Case Study: Impact on gender observed through the four dimensions of societies

3. Conclusion ~ as seen from the case study ~

• 前頁の写真をこちらへ移動下さい。

3

1-1. Status of Rural Water Supply and 1-1. Status of Rural Water Supply and Sanitation in SenegalSanitation in Senegal

SenegalSenegal （（ 5454 ％，％， 3434％ ％ ，， 5.1million 5.1million peoplepeople ））

SourceSource ：： The Atlas of The Atlas of WATER 2006WATER 2006

-20

0

20

40

60

80

100

-20 0 20 40 60 80 100

% of population using improved drinkingwater sources (In Sub S Africa):2002

% o

f pop

ulatio

n us

ing a

dequ

ate

sanit

ation

facil

ities (

In S

ub S

Afri

ca):2

002

ZimbabweZimbabwe

NigeriaNigeria

EthiopiaEthiopia

4

PEPTAC Phase2(2007(2007 ～～ 2010)2010)

Site area(Tambacounda etc.)

1-2. Japan’s 1-2. Japan’s Cooperation for Rural Water Supply in SenegalCooperation for Rural Water Supply in Senegal

PEPTAC Phase1(2003(2003 ～～ 20062006 ））

Site area(arid zone: Louga etc.)

Grant Aid CooperationConstruction of Water Pipe NetworkWater Pipe Network with Public water with Public water TapTap Total of 119 facilitiesNo. of Beneficiaries: 300,000 (since1979)

5

Photos of water facilities in construction

1-3. Japan’s 1-3. Japan’s Cooperation for Rural Water Supply in SenegalCooperation for Rural Water Supply in Senegal

6

Activity 2 Activity 3Activity 1Establishing system for the

maintenance of water supply facilities

Activity 4Community Development

Developing capacity of Management Committees Promoting hygiene and

appropriate use of water

Sustainable safe water supply

phase 1 (2003phase 1 (2003 ～～ 20062006 ）／ ）／ phasephase 2 (20072 (2007 ～～ 2010)2010) 1-4. Technical Cooperation PEPTAC1-4. Technical Cooperation PEPTAC

7Source： Gender and Infrastructure W/S TICAD,Japan,May2008 Concept Note

Type of Impact Sanitation& Hygiene

Potable Water Energy ICT Transport

SocialEmpowerment

Dignity × ×

Equal Voice: Individual, Household, Community

Access to administrative, financial, and technical services

Mobility within or outside the community

×

EconomicEmpowerment

Time Saved Productivity Income ×

Human CapitalDevelopment

Basic Needs

Access to Health Access to Education × Leisure

Risks andVulnerabilities Security

2-1. Case Study of its impact on gender in the light of 2-1. Case Study of its impact on gender in the light of the four the four dimensions dimensions

8

2-2. Influence to Social Empowerment2-2. Influence to Social Empowerment

Type ofImpact

Degree of impactSpecific Outcome

Grant Aid TechnicalCooperation

Dignity Low High

Confidence has been built to do basic repairs by themselves

Women have gained small savings from CDA. This is significant in a traditional rural society.

Equal Voice:Individual,Household,Community

Low High

By regulation, 1/3 or more of the management members are now women Women has become water managers from just being water users 10% (90s) => 30～ 50% (present)

Access toadministrativ

e,financial, and

Technical

Low Middle70% of the water fee collectors are women

9

2-3. Influence to Economical Empowerment2-3. Influence to Economical Empowerment

Type of ImpactDegree of impact by scheme

Specific OutcomeGrant Aid Technical

Cooperation

　 Time Saved High LowTime for water collection has been shortened from 5-6 hours to about 2 hours per day. Labor load has also been reduced

　 Productivity High LowImprovements were seen in raising livestock because of increased water supply

　 Income Middle LowDiversification of vegetable cultivation were seen because of increase in water supply which became available during dry season

Photo

10

2-4. Influence to Basic Human Capital Development2-4. Influence to Basic Human Capital Development

Type of Impact

Degree of impactSpecific Outcome

Grant Aid Technical Cooperation

BasicNeeds High Middle

Access to safe water has been secured (for about 300,000 people) Sustainable operation is secured(shortening of repair period 2years => 5 months)

Accessto Health High High

Cases of diarrhea decreased by 30% with the delivery of safe waterFurther improvement in health achieved through better ways of transporting water and by providing education on sanitary ways of storing water

Access to Educatio

nHigh Middle

Drop-out rate in elementary schools has decreasedSchool enrollment is encouraged through hygiene education in schools

Text book promoting better ways to handle water Photo of a class teaching water and sanitation

11

3. Conclusion3. Conclusion

Grant AidGrant Aid

Technical CooperationTechnical Cooperation

Contribution to Contribution to Economical EmpowermentEconomical Empowerment and Human Capital Development and Human Capital Development

Contribution to Contribution to Social EmpowermentSocial Empowerment

In order to achieve significant impacts in the various dimensions of genderIn order to achieve significant impacts in the various dimensions of gender , it is , it is important to combine both Infrastructure (Grant Aid) and Capacity Development important to combine both Infrastructure (Grant Aid) and Capacity Development (Technical Cooperation) assistance.(Technical Cooperation) assistance.

： Grant Aid： Technical Cooperation： Total

Social Empowerment Economic

EmpowermentHuman Capital Development

Dignity

Equal Voice

Access to service

s

Mobility

Time Saved

Productivity

Income

Basic Needs

Access to Health

Access to Educatio

n

012345

6

12

Thank you for your kind attentionThank you for your kind attentionご静聴ありがとうございますご静聴ありがとうございます