Japanese Writing System
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Japanese Writing System
Mengyao Li
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The History of Language
Writing System
The Old Japanese Vowel System
CONTENT
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The History of Language
Major Historical Period
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The History of Language
• Major achievement is the acquisition of a writing system
• Using Chinese characters semantically and phonetically
• Katakana & Hiragana
1. Nara & Early Heian Period
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The History of Language
Three Waves
• Pre-Nara period
• Nara period
• During 14th century
2. Systematically Borrow Chinese words
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The History of Language
• Year 1543: Portuguese
• Beginning of the Meiji period: English; German; French
• After WW : AmericaⅡ
3. Systematic Contact with Western World
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The History of Language
• Enrichment: syllables and words ending in consonants
and sequences of vowels
• Simplification:
Kojiki (A.D. 713): 88 syllables
Nihon shoki (A.D. 720): 87 syllables
Modern Japanese: 62 syllables
4. Affections on Phonological System
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The Old Japanese Vowel System
The History of Language
Writing System
CONTENT
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The Old Japanese Vowel System
The Widely Accepted Eight Vowels of Old Japanese
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The Old Japanese Vowel System
The Widely Accepted Eight Vowels of Old Japanese
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Writing System
The History of Language
The Old Japanese Vowel System
CONTENT
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Writing System
• The earliest extant systematic
written records of Japanese (8th
century)
• It’s not clear how these
characters were read.
1. Kojiki (A.D. 712)
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Writing System
• Collection of ten thousand leaves
• Use Chinese characters as a phonetic means of
writing Japanese
(Man’yoo-gana)
• e.g. 南 => Chinese reading なん (nan)
=> Japanese reading みなみ (minami)
2. Man’yōshū (A.D. 759)
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Writing System
3. Kana
• Simplification of Man’yoo-gana
• Kana were used as mnemonic symbols for reading characters and were written alongside them
• Katakana: “partial kana” Hiragana: “plain kana”
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Writing System
The Tale of Genji
• Japan’s greatest literary
achievement
• It was written in Hiragana by
Lady Murasaki
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Writing System
4. Rōmaji
• Phonetic writing system using the Roman alphabet
• Dates back to 16th – 17th century
• Portuguese, Spanish and Dutch missionaries
• American missionary James Curtis Hepburn: “Japanese-English Glossary”, 1867
e.g. “ つ -tsu”; “ し -shi”; “ ち -chi”; “ ふ -fu”; “ じ -ji”
• Japanese government: a revised version of the “Kunreisiki” system
e.g. “ つ -tu”; “ ふ -hu”; “ じ -ji”
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Writing System
Quiz Time 😍😍😍
花子 は あの ビル で 働いている OL で
す。 hanako wa ano biru de hataraiteiru ooeru desu
Hanako is that building at working OL
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THANKS