JAPANESE HISTORY

Lesson #8

World History – Unit #2 EAST ASIA

THE EMPEROR OF THE EMPEROR OF JAPANJAPAN

THE EMPEROR OF THE EMPEROR OF JAPANJAPAN

ShintoAmaterasu

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Shinto

1. What is a Kami?

2. What is the purpose of the “tori” (the gate)?

Kami are spirits in the forces of nature

Separates sacred space from everyday space

THE EMPEROR OF THE EMPEROR OF JAPANJAPAN

THE EMPEROR OF THE EMPEROR OF JAPANJAPAN

* The ONLY dynasty

* established way after the Chinese (~500AD)

*Emperor was considered a God

* The ONLY dynasty

* established way after the Chinese (~500AD)

*Emperor was considered a God

The first Samurai

• The emperor’s army was led by knights

• The knights were called Samurai.

• Highest ranking Samurai were called Daimyo (nobility)

• The Daimyo were led by the Shogun.

• The shogun had all power

___________ supreme military leader

_________ powerful, land-owning

landlord

____________ professional warriors

____________low, non-ruling class

Shogunate

• Powerful Daimyo and the Shogun eventually seized all power from the emperor

• The Emperor was still a god, but…

• All power was in the hands of the military

• Society was ruled by the samurai

Tokugawa ShogunateTokugawa Shogunate

► Powerful Daimyo family that seized control of Japan and became the new Shoguns

By 1400s, Japanese Daimyo Closed all trade & travel with the Western World

________________

Japanese isolation

For 400 years, Japan existed with NO contact with outside world.

China had grown arrogant.

Europe had grown modern and strong.

Japan remained antiquated…

Ruled by Samurai and Daimyo

That would all change in the mid-1800s

JAPAN MODERNIZEDin mid-1800sto become a

WORLD POWER

Japan Changed Direction During Japan Changed Direction During the the

Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912

Japan Changed Direction During Japan Changed Direction During the the

Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912Meiji Era: 1868 - 1912Commodore

Matthew Perry

USA USA convinced Japan to open up for convinced Japan to open up for trade.trade.

USA USA convinced Japan to open up for convinced Japan to open up for trade.trade.

1853185318531853

What Did the U. S. Want??What Did the U. S. Want??What Did the U. S. Want??What Did the U. S. Want??

Fueling stations.

More trading partners.

A haven for ship-wrecked sailors.

The The Treaty of Kanagawa Treaty of Kanagawa - - 18541854

The The Treaty of Kanagawa Treaty of Kanagawa - - 18541854

Japan Learns a Lesson!Japan Learns a Lesson!Japan Learns a Lesson!Japan Learns a Lesson!

In 1862, just before the start of the Meiji period, Tokugawa sent officials and scholars to China to study the situation there. A Japanese recorded in his diary from Shanghai…

The Chinese have become servants to the foreigners. Sovereignty may belong to China but in fact it's no more than a colony of Great Britain and France.

China’s “Unequal Treaties”China’s “Unequal Treaties”China’s “Unequal Treaties”China’s “Unequal Treaties”

After the Opium War of 1839-1842, Japan was convinced that it had to Open Up to the West.

The Emperor was “Restored” to The Emperor was “Restored” to PowerPower

The Emperor was “Restored” to The Emperor was “Restored” to PowerPower

MEIJI “Enlightened Rule”

• Japan then tried to become “like” the West

• They dressed like Americans

• They modernized their military

Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?Newspaper Cartoon, 1870s?

Enlightened Half-Enlightened Un-Enlightened

Modernization Modernization by by

“Selective “Selective Borrowing”Borrowing”

Modernization Modernization by by

“Selective “Selective Borrowing”Borrowing”

Popular board Popular board game.game.

Start by leavingStart by leaving Japan & studying in Japan & studying in various Western various Western capitals. capitals.

End by returning toEnd by returning to Japan and Japan and becoming abecoming a prominent prominent governmentgovernment official. official.

EuropeanEuropeanGoodsGoods

EuropeanEuropeanGoodsGoods

Europe began Europe began toto “loom large” in “loom large” in

the thinking of the thinking of many many Japanese.Japanese.

New sloganNew slogan:: Japanese Japanese Spirit;Spirit; Western Western Technology! Technology!

The Japanese Became The Japanese Became ObsessedObsessed

with with Western StylesWestern Styles

The Japanese Became The Japanese Became ObsessedObsessed

with with Western StylesWestern Styles

Civilization and Enlightenment!Civilization and Enlightenment!

Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!

Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!

Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!

Everything Western Was Everything Western Was Fashionable!Fashionable!

Japanese soldiers with their wives.

The Rulers Set the Tone The Rulers Set the Tone with Western Dresswith Western Dress

The Rulers Set the Tone The Rulers Set the Tone with Western Dresswith Western Dress

Emperor Meiji Empress Haruko Emperor Meiji Empress Haruko (1868- 1912) (1868- 1912)

Changing Women’sChanging Women’sFashionsFashions

Changing Women’sChanging Women’sFashionsFashions

1900 Styles1900 Styles The FirstThe First“Miss Japan”“Miss Japan”

(1908)(1908)

By the end of the 1800sJAPAN HAD MODERNIZED

and had become a WORLD POWER

Proof: wars they fought and won

Sino-JapaneseSino-Japanese War: 1894-1895 War: 1894-1895Sino-JapaneseSino-Japanese War: 1894-1895 War: 1894-1895

Japan went to war against Chinese

– the regional Asian power

-Japan won!

-This proved that Japan had surpassed all Asian nations

Soldiers on the BattlefieldSoldiers on the BattlefieldDuring the Sino-Japanese WarDuring the Sino-Japanese War

Soldiers on the BattlefieldSoldiers on the BattlefieldDuring the Sino-Japanese WarDuring the Sino-Japanese War

The The Treaty of ShimonosekiTreaty of Shimonoseki ended the ended the war.war.

Still today—Tensions Between China Still today—Tensions Between China & Japan& Japan

Still today—Tensions Between China Still today—Tensions Between China & Japan& Japan

EEZEEZ-Exclusive -Exclusive EconomicEconomic Zone. Zone.

Offshore gas field in Offshore gas field in the East China Sea the East China Sea reveals recently reveals recently strained relations strained relations between China & between China & Japan.Japan.

Tension over disputedTension over disputed gas field on the rise, gas field on the rise, exacerbating mutual exacerbating mutual mistrust dating back to mistrust dating back to the Sino-Japanese War. the Sino-Japanese War.

The The Russo-JapaneseRusso-Japanese War: War:1904-19051904-1905

The The Russo-JapaneseRusso-Japanese War: War:1904-19051904-1905

Japan went to war against Russia

– the regional European power

-Japan won!

-This proved that Japan had become one of the most powerful nations in the world!

President Teddy Roosevelt President Teddy Roosevelt Mediates the PeaceMediates the Peace

President Teddy Roosevelt President Teddy Roosevelt Mediates the PeaceMediates the Peace

The The Treaty of PortsmouthTreaty of Portsmouth, NH ended , NH ended the Russo-Japanese War.the Russo-Japanese War.

What happened in Japan after What happened in Japan after mid-1800s?mid-1800s?

What happened in Japan after What happened in Japan after mid-1800s?mid-1800s?

By the early 1900sJAPAN STARTED TAKING OVER OTHER NATIONS

in the Pacific ring

And, Japanese Power Would And, Japanese Power Would Grow . . .Grow . . .

And, Japanese Power Would And, Japanese Power Would Grow . . .Grow . . .

Japan Annexed KoreaJapan Annexed KoreaJapan Annexed KoreaJapan Annexed Korea

Japan Is a Player in ChinaJapan Is a Player in ChinaJapan Is a Player in ChinaJapan Is a Player in China

Competition from Another Competition from Another “Pacific” Power Is on the “Pacific” Power Is on the

HorizonHorizon

Competition from Another Competition from Another “Pacific” Power Is on the “Pacific” Power Is on the

HorizonHorizon

Where will USA and Japan be in conflict?

The U. S. “Great White Fleet”The U. S. “Great White Fleet”The U. S. “Great White Fleet”The U. S. “Great White Fleet”

Japan invaded China 1937

• USA demanded Japan stop expanding influence

• Japan hungry for more control in region

• USA refused to allow Japan to expand

• Japan demanded USA back off

• Japan needed more cheap resources

• Japan invaded China• USA cut off trade

Japan feared USA would get serious

USA had huge fleet at Pearl Harbor

Japan needed to neutralize USA

Goal: eliminate American fleet, while continuing to expand

Plan: attack and destroy American fleet at Pearl Harbor

Why did Japan want to Why did Japan want to eliminate the US fleet in 1941?eliminate the US fleet in 1941?

Why did Japan want to Why did Japan want to eliminate the US fleet in 1941?eliminate the US fleet in 1941?

They attacked We responded Four years later: we

dropped two atomic bombs on Japan

Post-war Japan

1. Japan utterly destroyed

2. All cities flattened

3. Millions homeless

4. Japan had to rebuild

5. Best hope: Japanese would survive, but Japan would remain mediocre

Recovery from destruction

1. Japan worked hard to rebuild

2. USA occupied Japan (military control)

3. Japan forced to restructure government

4. Emperor replaced by democratic government

5. Had to surrender all colonies

Economic Recovery

1. Japan retooled factories

2. Built cars, instead of tanks and planes

3. American money poured into Japan

4. Reason: an economically strong Japan won’t need to attack neighbors

5. Recovery was amazing: called THE ECONOMIC MIRACLE

New (Post-war) Japan

• A DEMOCRATIC nation• PACIFIST people• Devoted to BUSINESS SUCCESS• Recovery started with auto industry• Moved on to technical “things”• HIGH QUALITY• Current PM:• Youngest PM ever

Shinzo Abe

Modern Japan

Toyota HybridToyota HybridToyota HybridToyota Hybrid

Bullet TrainBullet TrainBullet TrainBullet Train

Modern CitiesModern CitiesModern CitiesModern Cities

Book work:Book work:Book work:Book work:TEN QUESTIONS:

p. 401: 2, 3a, 5

p. 408: 2a, 2b, 4a, 5, 6

p. 418: 1, 3

Describe the Japanese…Describe the Japanese…

(student responses 2010)(student responses 2010)

Describe the Japanese…Describe the Japanese…

(student responses 2010)(student responses 2010)