Retaining high potential European staff in Japanese companies
Japanese, European, and American Plums
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Transcript of Japanese, European, and American Plums
Japanese, European, and American Plums
Chapter 19
Types• Three types of plums.
– Japanese– European– American
• A new plum-aprium hybrid
The three types of plums• Japanese P. salicina – these are
the fresh market type of plums. Processed into baby food or preserves. “Santa Rose”
• They are large, round, and very juicy.
• They have skin colors of several different colors such as red, yellow, green, to a black.
• Flesh is color is normally amber-yellow or red
European plums – P. domestica• These are types of European
plums with a high sugar content that allows them to dry without molding.
• Thus, prunes• These are normally oval shape.• Blue-purple skin color• Have a dry, mealy, yellow-amber
flesh that’s not good for eating fresh.
American - P. americanum, P. angustifolium, P. munsoniana• These are young varieties• Haven’t had much time to breed
for size• Fruit is round in shape• With skin and flesh colors of red
or yellow
hybrid• Zaiger family bred and named
this hybrid ploutsTM
• In fact they are plumcots which are ¾ Japanese plum & ¼ Apricot
• They have the tangy taste of apricots and the high sugar content as well as hairless skin of plums
Cold Tolerance• Japanese plums and plumcots
grow well in zones 6 to 9.• European plums grow well in
zones 5 to 7• American plums grow well in
zones 3 to 5
Production in the US• California produces 94%, about
768 million pounds per year.• Oregon, Washington, Idaho, &
Michigan produce most of the other 6%.
• Japanese plums make up 55% of total production.
• European plums make up 45%, which are almost entirely dried into prunes. (99% of the US market)
• Plumcots & American make up less than 1%.
Tree growth & limiting factors• Small trees that grow 15’ to 20’
tall and wide.• Japanese & plumcots grow
wider, while European plums grow more upright.
• They can grow for 20 to 30 years.
• Japanese & plumcots come into production, 3rd. or 4th. Leaf.
• European & American come into production, 4th. or 5th. Leaf.
Fruiting wood• Plums bear most fruit on short
spurs arising from 2 year old or older wood.
Site Selection & Preparation• Japanese plums & plumcots
need sites similar to that for peaches.
• Few spring frost since they bloom early.
• 500 – 1000 foot elevations are optimal.
• Excellent soil drainage if grafted to peach rootstocks.
• Moderately well drained soil drainage if grafted to plum rootstocks.
Site Selection & Preparation• European plums need sites
similar to apples.• Early frost are not a problem
because they bloom late.• 1500 – 2000 foot elevations are
optimal.• Moderately well drained soil
drainage.
Selecting Rootstocks
Choosing Cultivars
Orchard Design• Row space• Tree space
Orchard Floor Management
Insects – Codling moth
Shothole borer
Peach twig borer
San Jose ScaleMale Female
KatydidsAdult Nymphs
Diseases – Phytophthora root & Crown rot
Powdery Mildew
Crown gall
Oak root fungus
Brown rot
Weeds