Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.
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Transcript of Japanese, European, and American Plums Chapter 19.
Japanese, European, and American Plums
Chapter 19
Types
• Three types of plums.– Japanese– European– American
• A new plum-aprium hybrid
The three types of plums
• Japanese P. salicina – these are the fresh market type of plums. Processed into baby food or preserves. “Santa Rose”
• They are large, round, and very juicy.
• They have skin colors of several different colors such as red, yellow, green, to a black.
• Flesh is color is normally amber-yellow or red
European plums – P. domestica• These are types of European
plums with a high sugar content that allows them to dry without molding.
• Thus, prunes• These are normally oval shape.• Blue-purple skin color• Have a dry, mealy, yellow-amber
flesh that’s not good for eating fresh.
American - P. americanum, P. angustifolium, P. munsoniana• These are young varieties• Haven’t had much time to breed
for size• Fruit is round in shape• With skin and flesh colors of red
or yellow
hybrid
• Zaiger family bred and named this hybrid ploutsTM
• In fact they are plumcots which are ¾ Japanese plum & ¼ Apricot
• They have the tangy taste of apricots and the high sugar content as well as hairless skin of plums
Cold Tolerance
• Japanese plums and plumcots grow well in zones 6 to 9.
• European plums grow well in zones 5 to 7
• American plums grow well in zones 3 to 5
Production in the US• California produces 94%, about
768 million pounds per year.• Oregon, Washington, Idaho, &
Michigan produce most of the other 6%.
• Japanese plums make up 55% of total production.
• European plums make up 45%, which are almost entirely dried into prunes. (99% of the US market)
• Plumcots & American make up less than 1%.
Tree growth & limiting factors• Small trees that grow 15’ to 20’
tall and wide.• Japanese & plumcots grow
wider, while European plums grow more upright.
• They can grow for 20 to 30 years.
• Japanese & plumcots come into production, 3rd. or 4th. Leaf.
• European & American come into production, 4th. or 5th. Leaf.
Fruiting wood
• Plums bear most fruit on short spurs arising from 2 year old or older wood.
Site Selection & Preparation• Japanese plums & plumcots
need sites similar to that for peaches.
• Few spring frost since they bloom early.
• 500 – 1000 foot elevations are optimal.
• Excellent soil drainage if grafted to peach rootstocks.
• Moderately well drained soil drainage if grafted to plum rootstocks.
Site Selection & Preparation• European plums need sites
similar to apples.• Early frost are not a problem
because they bloom late.• 1500 – 2000 foot elevations are
optimal.• Moderately well drained soil
drainage.
Selecting Rootstocks
Choosing Cultivars
Orchard Design
• Row space• Tree space
Orchard Floor Management
Insects – Codling moth
Shothole borer
Peach twig borer
San Jose ScaleMale Female
KatydidsAdult Nymphs
Diseases – Phytophthora root & Crown rot
Powdery Mildew
Crown gall
Oak root fungus
Brown rot
Weeds