Japan ModernizesJapan ModernizesC.H.9 SEC. 1C.H.9 SEC. 1

Bell work #1Bell work #1If someone works they may be tired If someone works they may be tired from a job and found it hard to pay from a job and found it hard to pay attention in classattention in class

Strains in Tokugawa Strains in Tokugawa JapanJapan

During this time, the economy expanded, During this time, the economy expanded, especially internal commerce. But especially internal commerce. But economic growth brought changes that economic growth brought changes that put severe strain on the country.put severe strain on the country.

The government responded by trying to The government responded by trying to revive old ways, emphasizing farming revive old ways, emphasizing farming over commerce and extolling the virtues over commerce and extolling the virtues of simple moral values.of simple moral values.

Opening Up JapanOpening Up Japan

While Tokugawa faced troubles at home, While Tokugawa faced troubles at home, disturbing new reached them from disturbing new reached them from abroad.abroad.

The British had defeated China in the The British had defeated China in the Opium War and surely, it would not be Opium War and surely, it would not be long before western powers began long before western powers began seeking trading rights in Japan.seeking trading rights in Japan.

Foreign PressureForeign Pressure

July 1853, a fleet of well-armed American July 1853, a fleet of well-armed American Ships commanded by Commodore Matthew Ships commanded by Commodore Matthew Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay. Perry had a Perry sailed into Tokyo Bay. Perry had a letter form the President of the U.S. It letter form the President of the U.S. It demanded that Japan open its ports to demanded that Japan open its ports to trade.trade.

In the treaty of Kanagawa in 1854, the In the treaty of Kanagawa in 1854, the shogun agreed to open two Japanese ports shogun agreed to open two Japanese ports to American ships, though not for trade. to American ships, though not for trade.

Crisis and RevoltCrisis and Revolt

Foreign pressure depended the social and Foreign pressure depended the social and economic unrest began to set in against the economic unrest began to set in against the Shogun.Shogun.

The samurai rallied around the emperor. The samurai rallied around the emperor. ““Honor the emperor,” Expel the Barbarian,” Honor the emperor,” Expel the Barbarian,”

were their cries.were their cries. 1867, discontented daimyo and samurai led a 1867, discontented daimyo and samurai led a

revolt that unseated the shogun and restored revolt that unseated the shogun and restored the emperor to power.the emperor to power.

Meiji RestorationMeiji Restoration The young emperor, 15 year old Meiji The young emperor, 15 year old Meiji

began his long reign from 1868 to 1962. began his long reign from 1868 to 1962. This was a turning point in Japanese This was a turning point in Japanese history. history.

The new leaders set out to study western The new leaders set out to study western ways, adapt them to Japanese needs, and ways, adapt them to Japanese needs, and eventually beat westerners at their own eventually beat westerners at their own game.game.

Fukuzawa Yukichi Travels Fukuzawa Yukichi Travels AbroadAbroad

An early Japanese visitor to the West was An early Japanese visitor to the West was Fukuzawa Yukichi. Fukuzawa Yukichi.

He sailed on the first Japanese ship to He sailed on the first Japanese ship to cross the Pacific and visit California. He cross the Pacific and visit California. He set out to explain western culture to the set out to explain western culture to the Japanese culture to the West.Japanese culture to the West.

Pride in Japan- As the Kanrin-Maru set sail Pride in Japan- As the Kanrin-Maru set sail for the U.S, Fukuzawa was filled with pridefor the U.S, Fukuzawa was filled with pride

Exploring a New WorldExploring a New World After 37 stormy days at sea, the Kanrin Maru After 37 stormy days at sea, the Kanrin Maru

reached San Francisco. There, the Japanese reached San Francisco. There, the Japanese visitors saw many un-familiar sights. They were visitors saw many un-familiar sights. They were stunned to find the hotel floor covered with stunned to find the hotel floor covered with “valuable carpets that in Japan only the more “valuable carpets that in Japan only the more wealthy could buy.”wealthy could buy.”

Among Fukuzawa's more confusing experiences Among Fukuzawa's more confusing experiences were drinks served with “strange fragments floating were drinks served with “strange fragments floating in them.” He told how “Some of the party swallowed in them.” He told how “Some of the party swallowed these floating particles; others expelled them these floating particles; others expelled them suddenly; others bravely chewed them.” Upon suddenly; others bravely chewed them.” Upon inspection they learned they were particles of inspection they learned they were particles of IceIce..

Reforms Under the MeijiReforms Under the Meiji

The Meiji reformers faced an enormous task. The Meiji reformers faced an enormous task. They were committed to replacing the rigid old They were committed to replacing the rigid old feudal order with a new political and social feudal order with a new political and social system and to build a modern economy. system and to build a modern economy.

Government- Reformers wanted to create a Government- Reformers wanted to create a strong central government. 1889, the emperor strong central government. 1889, the emperor issued the Meiji constitution. It set forth the issued the Meiji constitution. It set forth the principle that all citizens were equal before the principle that all citizens were equal before the law.law.

ReformsReforms

Economy Meiji leader made the economy a major Economy Meiji leader made the economy a major priority. They encouraged Japan’s business class priority. They encouraged Japan’s business class to adopt western methods. The government set up to adopt western methods. The government set up a banking system, built railroads, improved ports, a banking system, built railroads, improved ports, and organized a telegraph and postal system.and organized a telegraph and postal system.

The government typically built factories and The government typically built factories and then sold them to wealthy business families. then sold them to wealthy business families.

These powerful banking and industrial families These powerful banking and industrial families were known as were known as ZaibatsuZaibatsu..

Competition for EmpireCompetition for Empire Homogeneous society- has a common Homogeneous society- has a common

culture and language that gives it a strong culture and language that gives it a strong sense of identity.sense of identity.

Japan lacked many basic resources, Japan lacked many basic resources, including coal, essential for its industrial including coal, essential for its industrial growth. Yet spurred by nationalism and growth. Yet spurred by nationalism and strong ambition to equal the west. Japan strong ambition to equal the west. Japan built an empire. With its modern army and built an empire. With its modern army and navy, it maneuvered for power in East Asia.navy, it maneuvered for power in East Asia.

Ten years later, Japan successfully Ten years later, Japan successfully challenged Russia and won. Japan ended challenged Russia and won. Japan ended up ruling Korea for 35 yearsup ruling Korea for 35 years..