Japan

http://marshall.csu.edu.au/Marshalls/html/Flags_and_Seals/Flag-Japan.JPG

I. FeudalismI. FeudalismI. FeudalismI. FeudalismA political, economic, and social system that exchanges land for loyalty and military service.

A political, economic, and social system that exchanges land for loyalty and military service.

A. Japanese FeudalismA. Japanese FeudalismJapan had an emperor, Japan had an emperor,

but rival clans but rival clans battled for land.battled for land.

Warlords formed Warlords formed groups loyal to groups loyal to them, not the them, not the

emperor.emperor.

1. A1. A shogunshogun is is supreme supreme military military commander.commander.

2. A2. A daimyo daimyo isis a powerful a powerful landowner.landowner.

a. The shogun gave land to a. The shogun gave land to daimyo in exchange for daimyo in exchange for protection. protection.

b. The most successful was the b. The most successful was the Tokugawa ShogunateTokugawa Shogunate, who , who ruled from 1603 - 1868.ruled from 1603 - 1868.

3. 3. SamuraiSamurai, or , or warriors whose warriors whose name means name means “those who serve” “those who serve” got land from the got land from the daimyo.daimyo.

a. a. BushidoBushido, or , or “way of the “way of the warrior” is a warrior” is a code of honor, code of honor, bravery, and bravery, and loyalty that loyalty that Samurai Samurai followed.followed.

B. Samurai who B. Samurai who betrayed the code of betrayed the code of bushido had to bushido had to commit commit seppukuseppuku, or , or ritual suicide, rather ritual suicide, rather than live without than live without honor. The samurai honor. The samurai would impale himself would impale himself on his sword.on his sword.

C. C. Ronin Ronin were hired were hired soldiers and were soldiers and were considered lower considered lower class. class.

Unlike the solid Unlike the solid steel plates used steel plates used by European by European knights, knights, Japanese armor Japanese armor consisted of thin consisted of thin strips of steel strips of steel held together by held together by brightly colored brightly colored silk cords.silk cords.

Don’t write!Don’t write!

The true samurai was supposed to The true samurai was supposed to have no fear of death.have no fear of death.

““If you think of saving your life,” it If you think of saving your life,” it was said, “you had better not go to was said, “you had better not go to war at all.”war at all.”

Samurai prepared for hardship by Samurai prepared for hardship by going hungry or walking barefoot in going hungry or walking barefoot in the snow.the snow.

It was said, “When a samurai’s It was said, “When a samurai’s stomach is empty, it is a disgrace to stomach is empty, it is a disgrace to feel hungry.”feel hungry.”

4. 4. Peasants, artisans Peasants, artisans and merchantsand merchants were below samurai were below samurai

a. 75-90% of Japana. 75-90% of Japan

Peasants formed the Peasants formed the backbone of feudal backbone of feudal society.society.

What does that mean?What does that mean?


Peasant families Peasant families cultivated rice cultivated rice and other crops and other crops on estates of on estates of samurai.samurai.

Some peasants Some peasants served as served as soldiers; rarely, soldiers; rarely, some even some even became samurai.became samurai.


C

A

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E

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A

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Let’s compare European Feudalism to Let’s compare European Feudalism to

Japanese Feudalism!Japanese Feudalism!

SimilaritiesSimilarities DifferencesDifferencesDifferencesDifferences

Japanese FeudalismJapanese Feudalism European FeudalismEuropean Feudalism

EmperorEmperor - - Highest position but no political power

ShogunShogun - - Actual ruler

DaimyoDaimyo - -Powerful landowners

SamuraiSamurai- gave protection for land

Code of BushidoCode of Bushido-- behavior code

SeppukuSeppuku- ritual suicide, rather than live without honor

Peasants and artisansPeasants and artisans-- provided food and weapons

MerchantsMerchants- gained status slowly

KingKing

Lords and noblesLords and nobles

KnightsKnights

Code of ChivalryCode of Chivalry

PopePope

SerfsSerfs

MerchantsMerchants- High Middle AgesLaterLater

http://marshall.csu.edu.au/Marshalls/html/Flags_and_Seals/Flag-Japan.JPG

KyushuKyushu

ShikokuShikoku

HonshuHonshu

HokkaidoHokkaido

Sea of JapanSea of Japan

East China SeaEast China Sea

Korea StraitKorea Strait

Sea of OkhotskSea of Okhotsk

Tsuguru StraitTsuguru Strait

Inland SeaInland Sea

Mt. FujiMt. Fuji

I. GeographyI. Geography

A. Japan is an A. Japan is an archipelago, or , or chain of islands chain of islands inin the Pacific O. the Pacific O.

B. Most of Japan is B. Most of Japan is mountainous so mountainous so people settled inpeople settled in arablearable or or farmable river farmable river valleys and along valleys and along coastal plains. coastal plains.

C. C. Japan is in the Japan is in the Ring of Fire or Ring of Fire or Pacific Rim of Fire, Pacific Rim of Fire, a a region with region with many earthquakes and volcanoesmany earthquakes and volcanoes

..

Mt. FujiMt. Fuji

D. A Tsunami is a huge tidal wave.D. A Tsunami is a huge tidal wave.

E. A Typhoon is a hurricane in the PacificE. A Typhoon is a hurricane in the Pacific

Failure to Conquer JapanFailure to Conquer Japan• In 1274 and again in In 1274 and again in

1281, Kublai Khan 1281, Kublai Khan sent huge fleets to sent huge fleets to invade Japan.invade Japan.

• Both times, the Both times, the Japanese turned them Japanese turned them back.back.

• A typhoon (A typhoon (kamikaze)kamikaze) even destroyed one even destroyed one Mongol fleet.Mongol fleet.


Geography of

Japan

Mountains

Islands

Close to Chinaand

Korea

Farming is harder

Less unity

Shintoism- religion based

on nature spirits

Sea provides food, transportation,

isolation, protection

Cultural diffusion

II. Culture II. Culture

A. China’s influence on JapanA. China’s influence on Japan

WritingWriting

Japan Japan adapted adapted Chinese Chinese writing writing

system system to their to their

language.language.

BuddhismBuddhismSpread and Spread and flourishedflourished

Zen Buddhism Zen Buddhism

Values peace, Values peace, simple living, nature simple living, nature

and beauty.and beauty.

ConfucianismConfucianism proper behavior, proper behavior,

loyalty,loyalty,honoring honoring

parents (filial parents (filial piety) and piety) and respect for respect for

learninglearning

“Harmony should be valued and quarrels (argument) should be avoided. Everyone has his bias (prejudice) and few men are far-sighted. Therefore some disobey their lords and fathers and keep up feuds (arguments) with their neighbors. But when superiors are in harmony with each other an

inferiors are friendly, then affairs are discussed quietly and the right view of

matters prevails (do well).”~Prince Shotoku

What philosophy does Prince Shotoku seem to be influenced by? Why?

B. The Japanese practicedB. The Japanese practiced Selective borrowing, Selective borrowing, keeping some Chinese ideas and rejected others.keeping some Chinese ideas and rejected others.

Title: The Great Wave Off Kanagawa

Artist: Katsushika Hokusai

Date: Edo period, c. 1828

Museum/ Source: Honolulu Academy of Arts, Hawaii

Medium: Polychrome woodblock print on paper

Size: 9 7/8" X 14 5/8" (25 X 37.1 cm)

C. Japanese ArtC. Japanese Art

1. 1. CalligraphyCalligraphy 1. 1. CalligraphyCalligraphy

2. 2. Origami Origami : The Art : The Art of Japanese Paper of Japanese Paper

FoldingFolding

2. 2. Origami Origami : The Art : The Art of Japanese Paper of Japanese Paper

FoldingFolding

OrigamiOrigami OrigamiOrigami

3. Colorful 3. Colorful woodblock woodblock printsprints became became popular.popular.

D. TheaterD. Theater1. Kabuki1. Kabuki plays often plays often

showed family or showed family or historical events.historical events.

-Dressed in colorful -Dressed in colorful costumes, actors costumes, actors used exaggerated used exaggerated movements to movements to convey action.convey action.

Kabuki TheaterKabuki TheaterKabuki TheaterKabuki Theater

An interior of a Kabuki theater.An interior of a Kabuki theater.

E. Literature E. Literature Japanese poets Japanese poets

adapted Chinese adapted Chinese models, creating models, creating miniature poems miniature poems called called haikuhaiku..

In only 3 lines and In only 3 lines and 17 syllables, 17 syllables, feeling is feeling is expressed.expressed.

Haiku Haiku : 17-syllable : 17-syllable poempoem

Haiku Haiku : 17-syllable : 17-syllable poempoem

Matsuo BashoMatsuo Basho, Master of , Master of HaikuHaiku

Spring departs.Spring departs.Birds cryBirds cryFishes' eyes are Fishes' eyes are filled with tears.filled with tears.

ShintoShintoShintoShinto

PolytheismPolytheism

AncestorWorshipAncestorWorship

Natural features

Trees, rocks, and mountains

Natural features

Trees, rocks, and mountains

The Worldof the kami

The Worldof the kamiMinimizesin &guilt

Minimizesin &guilt

Great

CreatorGreat

Creator


Zen BuddhismZen Buddhism

A.A. During Japan’s During Japan’s feudal age, Zen feudal age, Zen Buddhism Buddhism emphasized emphasized meditation and meditation and duty.duty.

B.B. Zen stressed Zen stressed compassion for compassion for all yet samurai all yet samurai fought to kill.fought to kill.


At Zen monasteries, upper-class men learned to At Zen monasteries, upper-class men learned to express devotion to nature in such activities as express devotion to nature in such activities as landscape gardening.landscape gardening.


Zen monks were the leading scholars and Zen monks were the leading scholars and artisans of feudal Japan. The temple served as a artisans of feudal Japan. The temple served as a Zen monastery and a peaceful retreat for visiting Zen monastery and a peaceful retreat for visiting shoguns seeking advice.shoguns seeking advice.


The elaborate rituals of the tea ceremony The elaborate rituals of the tea ceremony reflected Zen values of peace, simplicity, and reflected Zen values of peace, simplicity, and love of beauty.love of beauty.


Tea CeremonyTea Ceremony Tea CeremonyTea Ceremony

A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea MasterMaster

A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea MasterMaster

A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea HouseHouse

A Japanese Tea A Japanese Tea HouseHouse

Bonzai Bonzai : A Unique : A Unique Method of MeditationMethod of Meditation

Bonzai Bonzai : A Unique : A Unique Method of MeditationMethod of Meditation

Japanese Garden for Japanese Garden for MeditationMeditation

Japanese Garden for Japanese Garden for MeditationMeditation

Japanese Zen GardenJapanese Zen GardenJapanese Zen GardenJapanese Zen Garden

Japanese Sand Japanese Sand GardenGarden

Japanese Sand Japanese Sand GardenGarden

Miniature Rock/Sand Miniature Rock/Sand GardenGarden

Miniature Rock/Sand Miniature Rock/Sand GardenGarden

Torii Gate in WinterTorii Gate in WinterTorii Gate in WinterTorii Gate in Winter

Torii GateTorii GateTorii GateTorii Gate

DOMO ARIGATO!DOMO ARIGATO!

Japan

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