January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.
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Transcript of January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.
![Page 1: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
January 23, 2014 1
Inception of Liquid LoadingFoam Flow
Ayantayo Ajani
The University of Tulsa
![Page 2: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
January 23, 2014 2
Outline
• Introduction• Large Scale Facility
Equipment and Data Collection
• Results• Foam Flow Liquid Loading• Preliminary Conclusions
![Page 3: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
January 23, 2014 3
Introduction
• Recall from air water flow that when residual pressure drop reaches zero value, liquid loading is initiated in the pipe.
• The concept above will be investigated for foam flow in a 40 ft, 2-in and 4-in vertical pipe.
![Page 4: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
January 23, 2014 4
Large Scale Facility: Flow Diagram
![Page 5: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
January 23, 2014 5
Large Scale Facility: Structure
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January 23, 2014 6
Large Scale Facility: Mixing Section
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January 23, 2014 7
Test Section
• 3 Trapping Sections 2 Quick Closing Valves 2 Pressure Transducers Visualization Box
DP
QCV
QCV
VB
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January 23, 2014 8
Facility Design
![Page 9: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
January 23, 2014 9
Test Matrix – Large Scale Facility
Foamer 2158 Foamer 2557 Foamer 3311
Pipe Diameter, (inch)
2, 4
Vsg, (m/s) 1.85 – 25 (based on pipe diameter/ Values in the range of transition from annular to intermittent flow))
Vsl, (m/s) 0.01, 0.03
Concentrations, (ppm)
400, 800, 1200, 1600, 3000
200, 400, 600, 1000
400, 600, 800, 1000
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January 23, 2014 10
Uncertainty Analysis
Parameter Instrument Random Uncertainty
Systematic Uncertainty
Combined Uncertainty
Units
Liquid Flow Rate
Micro Motion Flow Meter 0.018 0.041 0.082 Kg/ min
Gas Flow Rate Micro Motion Flow Meter 0.004 0.031 0.061 Kg/ min
Pressure Rosemount Pressure Transducer
38 174 348 Pa
Pressure Gradient
Rosemount Differential Pressure Transducer
0.1 9 18 Pa/ m
Temperature Rosemount Temperature Transducer
0.0015 0.105 0.21 0C
Gas Velocity - 0.008 0.07 0.14 m /s
Liquid Velocity - 0.00025 0.0004 0.0009 m/ s
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January 23, 2014 11
Outline
• Introduction• Large Scale Facility
Equipment and Data Collection
• Results• Foam Flow Liquid Loading• Preliminary Conclusions
![Page 12: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
January 23, 2014 12
Results: Pressure Gradient:Air-Water, 2-in Pipe
16 m/s16 m/s
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January 23, 2014 13
Results: Pressure Gradient:Air-Water, 4-in Pipe
20 m/s
19 m/s
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January 23, 2014 14
Results: Liquid Holdup for Air-Water in 2-in and 4-in Pipes
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January 23, 2014 15
Observations
• The inception of liquid loading is not very sensitive to liquid velocity. We can assume a constant value over the range of investigation
• Liquid film thickness, based on material balance, is bigger in 4” pipe than in 2” pipe
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January 23, 2014 16
Outline
• Introduction• Large Scale Facility
Equipment and Data Collection
• Results• Foam Flow Liquid Loading• Preliminary Conclusions
![Page 17: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
January 23, 2014 17
Results: S-2158, 400 ppm, 2 inch
6 m/s3.2 m/s
![Page 18: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
January 23, 2014 18
Results: S-2158, 800 ppm, 2 inch
4.3 m/s
2 m/s
![Page 19: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
January 23, 2014 19
Results: S-2158, 1200 ppm, 2 inch
3.2 m/s 2 m/s
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January 23, 2014 20
Results: S-2158, 1600 ppm, 2 inch
1.4 m/s 1.5 m/s
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January 23, 2014 21
Results: S-2158, 3000 ppm, 2 inch
2.8 m/s
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January 23, 2014 22
Results: S-2158, 400 ppm, 4 inch
15 m/s16 m/s
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January 23, 2014 23
Results: S-2158, 800 ppm, 4 inch
14 m/s 16 m/s
![Page 24: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
January 23, 2014 24
Results: S-2158, 1200 ppm, 4 inch
8 m/s
3 m/s
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January 23, 2014 25
Results: S-2158, 1600 ppm, 4 inch
4 m/s2 m/s
![Page 26: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
January 23, 2014 26
Results: S-2158, 3000 ppm, 4 inch
6 m/s
![Page 27: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/27.jpg)
January 23, 2014 27
Results: Liquid Holdup for S-2158 in 2-in and 4-in Pipes
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January 23, 2014 28
Results: Critical Velocity for S-2158
Avg of VsgC for Vsl = 0.01 & 0.03 m/s
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January 23, 2014 29
Results: S-2557, 200 ppm, 2 inch
15 m/s
10 m/s
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January 23, 2014 30
Results: S-2557, 400 ppm, 2 inch
11 m/s8.5 m/s
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January 23, 2014 31
Results: S-2557, 600 ppm, 2 inch
9 m/s4 m/s
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January 23, 2014 32
Results: S-2557, 1000 ppm, 2 inch
5 m/s 3.4 m/s
![Page 33: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/33.jpg)
January 23, 2014 33
Results: S-2557, 200 ppm, 4 inch
19 m/s
15 m/s
![Page 34: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/34.jpg)
January 23, 2014 34
Results: S-2557, 400 ppm, 4 inch
16.5 m/s 14 m/s
![Page 35: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/35.jpg)
January 23, 2014 35
Results: S-2557, 600 ppm, 4 inch
17 m/s9 m/s
![Page 36: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/36.jpg)
January 23, 2014 36
Results: S-2557, 1000 ppm, 4 inch
14.5 m/s13 m/s
![Page 37: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/37.jpg)
January 23, 2014 37
Results: Liquid Holdup for S-2557 in 2-in and 4-in Pipes
![Page 38: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/38.jpg)
January 23, 2014 38
Results: Critical Velocity for S-2557Avg of VsgC for Vsl = 0.01 & 0.03 m/s
![Page 39: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/39.jpg)
January 23, 2014 39
Results: Liquid Holdup for S-3311 in 2-in and 4-in Pipes
![Page 40: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/40.jpg)
January 23, 2014 40
Results: Critical Velocity for S-3311Avg of VsgC for Vsl = 0.01 & 0.03 m/s
![Page 41: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/41.jpg)
January 23, 2014 41
Results: Critical velocity versus Mass unloaded, (%): (Using Concentration at Half Life); 2 inch
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January 23, 2014 42
Results: Critical velocity versus Mass unloaded, (%): (Using Concentration at Half Life); 4 inch
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January 23, 2014 43
Pressure Gradients
![Page 44: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/44.jpg)
January 23, 2014 44
Results: Pressure Gradient:S-2158, Vsl = 0.01 m/s
![Page 45: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/45.jpg)
January 23, 2014 45
Results: Pressure Gradient:S-2557, Vsl = 0.01 m/s
![Page 46: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/46.jpg)
January 23, 2014 46
Results: Pressure Gradient:S-3311, Vsl = 0.01 m/s
![Page 47: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/47.jpg)
January 23, 2014 47
Outline
• Introduction• Large Scale Facility
Equipment and Data Collection
• Results• Foam Flow Liquid Loading• Preliminary Conclusions
![Page 48: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/48.jpg)
January 23, 2014 48
Preliminary Conclusions
• In the presence of foam, for both 2” and 4” pipes, the inception of liquid loading is postponed
• The impact of foam in 2” pipe is much more significant than in 4” pipe. This is most likely caused by hold up behavior
• We believe that entrained liquid in gas core increases as the pipeline diameter decreases
![Page 49: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/49.jpg)
January 23, 2014 49
Preliminary Conclusions
• Holdup in 2” pipe is smaller than holdup in 4” pipe at low gas velocities for a given concentration of surfactant
• It is possible to predict the behavior of foam efficacy based on small scale experiments
• The pressure drop, for a given surfactant concentration, is much greater in 2” pipe than in 4” pipe compared to air-water
![Page 50: January 23, 2014 1 Inception of Liquid Loading Foam Flow Ayantayo Ajani The University of Tulsa.](https://reader035.fdocuments.net/reader035/viewer/2022062722/56649f275503460f94c3fdad/html5/thumbnails/50.jpg)
January 23, 2014 50
Inception of Liquid LoadingFoam Flow
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