January 23, 2009. Evans and Embedded Autonomy What is a developmental state, according to Evans What...
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Development Management
January 23, 2009
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Evans and Embedded AutonomyWhat is a developmental state, according to
EvansWhat are its internal and external
characteristics?What are the characteristics of a ‘predatory’
state?How can one transform a predatory state into
a developmental state?This is the key question in the institutions and
governance approach to development
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What is governance?
World BankProcess and institutionalization through which decisions are
made and authority exercised? Selection, accountability and replacement of authority Efficiency of institutions – resource allocation Respect for institutions – rule of law
DFIDHow institutions rules and systems of the state operate at
central and local level & how state relates to citizens Political systems, macro stability, promote growth, pro-poor
policy, universal access to basic services, personal safety & security, manage national security, honest and accountable government
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Evaluating Potential Governance Interventions(Grindle)
What degree of conflict is likelyTime required for institutionalizationOrganizational complexityBudgetary requirementsAmount of behavioral change required
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Pritchett & WoolcockEffective provision depends on structure of
incentivesResourcesInformationDecision-makingDelivery mechanismAccountability
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Problems in service provisionAll services provided by center, irrespective
of their characteristicsWorks in “Denmark” nowMakes ‘sense’Fits with interests of donor agenciesProvided a means to stay in powerFits with ‘creation myths’ of developed world
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Three responses to failureIntensificationAmputationReform key policies
Implementation by ‘10 smart people’
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World Development Report 2004
Service provision – requires institutional relationships in which actors are accountable
ActorsCharacteristics of servicesAccountability
DelegationFinancePerformanceInformation/monitoringEnforceability
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Political Accountability• Political competition, broad-based political
parties• Transparency & regulation of party
financing• Disclosure of parliamentary votes
Checks & Balances
• Independent, effective judiciary
• Legislative oversight (PACs, PECs)
• Independent oversight institutions (SAI)
• Global initiatives: UN, OECD Convention, anti-money laundering
Citize
ns/F
irms
Citizens/Firms
Cit
izen
s/F
irm
sCitizens/Firms
Decentralization and Local Participation• Decentralization with accountability• Community Driven Development (CDD)• Oversight by parent-teacher associations & user
groups• Beneficiary participation in projects
Civil Society & Media• Freedom of press, FOI• Civil society watchdogs• Report cards, client
surveysPrivate Sector Interface• Streamlined regulation• Public-private dialogue• Extractive Industry
Transparency• Corporate governance• Collective business
associations
Effective Public Sector Management
• Ethical leadership: asset declaration, conflict of interest rules
• Cross-cutting public management systems: meritocracy, public finance, procurement
• Service delivery and regulatory agencies in sectors
Governance Dimensions
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Public Expenditure TrackingBudget:
FormulationAnalysisExpenditureMonitoring
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Participatory Tools Public expenditure tracking surveysSocial auditsCitizen report cards, community scorecardsAdvocacy campaigns
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ExamplesBudget formulation –Porto Alegre BrazilBudget review and analysis – Gujurat, IndiaExpenditure tracking – UgandaPerformance Monitoring – Bangalore, India