January 2013–December 2013 Test Data Test and Score … Test and Score Data...5 Test Data for 2013...

January 2013– December 2013 Test Data

Test and Score Data Summary for

TOEFL iBT ® Tests

Test and Score DataThis edition of the TOEFL® Test and Score Data Summary

contains data on the performance of test takers who

took the TOEFL iBT® test between January and

December 2013.

www.ets.org/toefl

www.ets.org/toefl

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History of the TOEFL® Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

The TOEFL iBT ® Test . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Test Data for 2013 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Table 1. Observed Minimum and Maximum Scores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Table 2. Percentile Ranks – Total Group. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5Table 3. Percentile Ranks – High School Level Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Table 4. Percentile Ranks – Two-year College Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6Table 5. Percentile Ranks – Undergraduate Level Students . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7Table 6. Percentile Ranks – Graduate Level Students in NON-BUSINESS Programs . . . . . . . . . . 7Table 7. Percentile Ranks – Graduate Level Student in BUSINESS Programs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Table 8. Percentile Ranks – Applicants for English-language Schools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8Table 9. Percentile Ranks – Applicants for Professional License. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Table 10. Percentile Ranks – Applicants for Employment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9Table 11. Percentile Ranks – Applicants for Immigration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Table 12. Percentile Ranks – Other. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10Table 13. Means and Standard Deviations – Males. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11Table 14. Means and Standard Deviations – Females . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12Table 15. Total and Section Score Means – All Examinees, Classified by Native Language . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13Table 16. Total and Section Score Means – All Examinees, Classified by Geographic Region and Native Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

Table of Contents

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For additional information about the TOEFL test, visit www.ets.org/toefl.

http://www.ets.org

http://www.ets.org/toefl

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History of the TOEFL® Test

The TOEFL® test is designed to measure the English-language proficiency of people whose native language is not English. TOEFL scores are accepted by more than 9,000 colleges, universities, and licensing agencies in more than 130 countries. The test is also used by governments, and scholarship and exchange programs worldwide.

The TOEFL Program — A national council on the testing of English as a foreign language was formed in 1962; its members were representatives of more than 30 private organizations and government agencies concerned with the English-language proficiency of nonnative speakers of English who wished to study at colleges and universities in the United States. The council supported the development of the TOEFL test for use starting in 1963 - 64. Financed by grants from the Ford and Danforth Foundations, the TOEFL program was first administered by the Modern Language Association. In 1965, the College Board® and Educational Testing Service® (E T S®) assumed joint responsibility for the program. Because many who take the TOEFL test are potential graduate students, a cooperative arrangement for the operation of the program was entered into by E T S, the College Board, and the Graduate Record Examinations® Board in 1973. Under this arrangement, E T S is responsible for administering the TOEFL program with guidance from the TOEFL Board.

The TOEFL Board is comprised of 16 members. Some are affiliated with such institutions and agencies as undergraduate and graduate schools, community colleges, nonprofit educational exchange organizations, and other public and private agencies with an interest in international education. Other members are specialists in the field of English as a foreign or second language.

Development of the Test — The test originally contained five sections. As a result of extensive research, a three-section test was developed and introduced in 1976. In July 1995, the test item format was modified somewhat within the same three-section structure. In recent years, various constituencies called for a new TOEFL test that would (1) be more reflective of communicative competence models; (2) include more constructed-response tasks and direct measures of writing and speaking; (3) include tasks that integrate the language modalities tested; and (4) provide more information than the paper-based TOEFL test (TOEFL PBT) about the ability of international students to use English in an academic environment. Accordingly, the TOEFL Board initiated a broad effort under which language testing will evolve in the twenty-first century. The introduction of the computer-based TOEFL test (TOEFL CBT) in 1998 was the first incremental step in this broad test-improvement effort.

The next step was the introduction of the TOEFL iBT® test, delivered via the Internet, in September 2005. The TOEFL iBT test assesses all four language skills (reading, listening, speaking, and writing) that are important for effective communication. The test emphasizes integrated skills and provides better information about test takers’ ability to communicate in an academic setting and their readiness for academic coursework. The test was first launched in the United States and was gradually rolled out worldwide during 2005 and 2006.

As the TOEFL iBT test was introduced in an area, TOEFL CBT testing was discontinued after a period of overlap to ensure a smooth transition. The final administration of the TOEFL CBT test was held in September 2006. TOEFL PBT testing is being phased out and is currently offered only in locations where testing via the Internet is not available. This TOEFL Test and Score Data Summary contains information about TOEFL iBT test takers.

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The TOEFL iBT® Test

Internet delivery enables E T S to deliver the test at official test centers in more locations. Speaking and writing tasks receive multiple ratings to provide unbiased, objective evaluations of the responses.

Test Preparation — Everyone registered to take the TOEFL test receives test preparation materials free of charge. The TOEFL Program offers many test preparation products, both for free and for purchase, including free practice questions and the TOEFL Test Sampler. The Sampler includes questions from all four sections of the test. The Reading and Listening sections are interactive and sample responses are provided for the Writing and Speaking questions.

For more information about test prep, visit the TOEFL website at www.ets.org/toefl.

The TOEFL iBT test was introduced in the United States in September 2005 and w a s g r a d u a l l y introduced worldwide during 2005 and 2006. The test was developed in response t o a r e q u e s t b y

institutions to provide a test that would measure nonnative speakers’ ability to communicate in English in an academic setting.

The TOEFL iBT test:• Measures the ability to communicate by combining,

or integrating, all four language skills – Reading, Listening, Speaking, and Writing

• Is 100% academically-focused, measuring the kind of English used in academic settings

• Provides fair and objective scoring• Provides valid and reliable information to support

score users in making effective decisions regarding a test taker’s English-language proficiency

Test takers have up to four hours to complete the test, and all four sections are taken on the same day. The Reading section measures the ability to understand academic reading material, and the Listening section measures the ability to understand spoken English as it is used in colleges and universities. The Speaking section consists of six tasks that measure the ability to speak in English in an academic setting. The Writing section consists of two tasks that measure the ability to write in a way that is appropriate for college and university coursework. Some questions in the Speaking and Writing sections require test takers to combine, or integrate, information from more than one source. For example, test takers are asked to read a passage, listen to a short lecture about a topic, and then speak or write in response. These integrated tasks are designed to simulate the academic experience.

Visit the TOEFL website at www.ets.org/toefl for the most up-to-date information.



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Test Data for 2013

Table 1. Observed Minimum and Maximum TOEFL iBT Section and Total Scores

Section Min . Max .

1. Reading 0 30

2. Listening 0 30

3. Speaking 0 30

4. Writing 0 30

Total 0 120

The data presented in the tables below are based on examinees who took the TOEFL iBT test between January 2013 and December 2013.

Table 2. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores — Total Group

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

30 96 96 99 99 120 100

29 91 92 97 97 116 99

28 86 87 95 93 112 97

27 80 82 91 87 108 93

26 75 77 87 85 104 88

25 69 72 ** 78 100 82

24 64 66 80 68 96 74

23 58 61 68 65 92 67

22 53 55 57 54 88 59

21 47 50 ** 42 84 51

20 42 45 45 33 80 43

19 37 39 35 31 76 36

18 32 34 25 23 72 30

17 28 30 16 18 68 25

16 24 26 ** 17 64 20

15 20 22 10 12 60 16

14 17 19 6 9 56 12

13 15 16 4 8 52 10

12 12 13 ** 5 48 7

11 10 11 3 3 44 5

10 8 9 2 2 40 4

9 7 7 1 2 36 2

8 5 6 1 1 32 2

7 4 4 ** 1 28 1

6 3 3 1 1 24 1

5 2 2 . . 20 .

4 1 1 . . 16 .

3 1 1 . . 12 .

2 1 . . . 8 .

1 . . . . 4 .

0 . . . . 0 .

Mean 20.1 19.7 20.1 20.6 Mean 81

S.D. 6.7 6.7 4.6 5.0 S.D. 20

**Indicates a non-existent scale score for Speaking and Writing.

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Table 3. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores — High School Level Students*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

30 98 98 100 99 120 100

29 96 95 98 98 116 100

28 93 91 96 94 112 98

27 89 88 93 90 108 95

26 86 84 89 89 104 92

25 83 80 ** 82 100 87

24 79 75 82 75 96 82

23 75 71 71 73 92 76

22 71 66 60 64 88 71

21 66 62 ** 53 84 64

20 62 57 50 44 80 58

19 57 53 40 42 76 52

18 53 48 31 34 72 46

17 48 44 22 28 68 40

16 44 39 ** 26 64 35

15 40 35 15 21 60 30

14 36 31 11 15 56 25

13 32 27 8 14 52 20

12 27 24 ** 10 48 16

11 24 20 6 6 44 12

10 20 18 4 4 40 9

9 17 15 3 4 36 6

8 13 12 2 2 32 4

7 11 9 ** 2 28 3

6 8 7 2 2 24 1

5 6 5 1 1 20 1

4 4 4 1 . 16 .

3 3 2 . . 12 .

2 1 1 . . 8 .

1 1 . . . 4 .

0 . . . . 0 .

Mean 16.6 17.4 19.3 19.3 Mean 73

S.D. 7.5 7.4 5 5.6 S.D. 23

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to high school.


Table 4. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores — Two-Year College Students*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

30 99 99 100 100 120 100

29 96 96 99 99 116 100

28 93 94 97 97 112 99

27 90 91 95 94 108 97

26 87 88 92 93 104 95

25 83 84 ** 89 100 92

24 79 80 87 82 96 87

23 75 75 78 80 92 82

22 71 70 69 72 88 76

21 66 66 ** 61 84 70

20 61 61 59 52 80 63

19 56 55 49 50 76 56

18 51 50 39 41 72 49

17 46 46 29 34 68 43

16 41 41 ** 32 64 36

15 37 36 20 26 60 31

14 33 32 14 19 56 26

13 28 28 10 18 52 21

12 24 24 ** 13 48 16

11 20 20 7 8 44 12

10 17 17 6 6 40 9

9 14 14 4 5 36 6

8 11 11 3 3 32 4

7 9 8 ** 2 28 3

6 7 6 2 2 24 2

5 5 4 1 1 20 1

4 3 3 1 . 16 .

3 2 2 1 . 12 .

2 1 1 . . 8 .

1 1 . . . 4 .

0 . . . . 0 .

Mean 16.9 17 18.4 18.2 Mean 70

S.D. 7.2 7 5.1 5.5 S.D. 22

* Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to two-year colleges.


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Table 5. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores — Undergraduate Level Students*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

30 97 97 99 99 120 100

29 93 92 97 97 116 99

28 88 88 94 92 112 97

27 84 83 91 87 108 93

26 79 79 86 86 104 88

25 75 74 ** 79 100 83

24 70 69 80 70 96 77

23 65 64 69 68 92 70

22 60 59 58 58 88 63

21 55 54 ** 46 84 56

20 50 49 47 37 80 49

19 45 44 37 35 76 43

18 41 39 27 27 72 36

17 36 35 18 21 68 30

16 32 30 ** 20 64 25

15 27 26 11 15 60 20

14 24 23 8 11 56 16

13 20 19 5 10 52 13

12 17 17 ** 7 48 10

11 14 14 4 4 44 7

10 12 12 3 3 40 5

9 9 9 2 2 36 3

8 7 7 1 1 32 2

7 6 6 ** 1 28 1

6 4 4 1 1 24 1

5 3 3 1 . 20 .

4 2 2 . . 16 .

3 1 1 . . 12 .

2 1 1 . . 8 .

1 . . . . 4 .

0 . . . . 0 .

Mean 18.8 19 19.9 20.2 Mean 78

S.D. 7.1 7.1 4.8 5.3 S.D. 21

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to colleges or universities as undergraduate students.


Table 6. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores — Graduate Level Students in NON-BUSINESS Program*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

30 95 95 99 99 120 100

29 89 90 97 96 116 99

28 82 85 95 92 112 96

27 76 79 91 86 108 91

26 70 74 86 84 104 86

25 64 68 ** 75 100 79

24 58 62 78 65 96 71

23 51 56 66 62 92 62

22 46 50 54 50 88 54

21 40 45 ** 38 84 45

20 34 39 42 28 80 37

19 29 34 32 26 76 30

18 25 29 22 19 72 24

17 21 25 13 14 68 19

16 17 21 ** 12 64 14

15 14 17 7 9 60 11

14 12 14 4 6 56 8

13 10 12 3 5 52 6

12 8 9 ** 4 48 4

11 6 8 2 2 44 3

10 5 6 1 1 40 2

9 4 5 1 1 36 1

8 3 4 1 1 32 1

7 2 3 . . 28 .

6 2 2 . . 24 .

5 1 1 . . 20 .

4 1 1 . . 16 .

3 . . . . 12 .

2 . . . . 8 .

1 . . . . 4 .

0 . . . . . .

Mean 21.4 20.7 20.5 21.3 Mean 84

S.D. 6.1 6.3 4.3 4.7 S.D. 19

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to masters, graduate or post-graduate programs, other than business programs.


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Table 7. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores — Graduate Level Students in BUSINESS Programs*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

30 96 96 99 99 120 100

29 89 91 97 96 116 99

28 82 85 94 91 112 96

27 75 80 90 85 108 92

26 68 74 85 83 104 86

25 62 68 ** 73 100 78

24 55 61 78 63 96 69

23 49 56 66 59 92 60

22 43 49 53 47 88 51

21 38 44 ** 35 84 43

20 32 38 41 26 80 35

19 27 33 30 24 76 28

18 23 28 20 17 72 22

17 19 24 12 12 68 17

16 16 20 ** 11 64 13

15 13 17 6 8 60 10

14 10 14 4 5 56 7

13 9 11 2 5 52 5

12 7 9 ** 3 48 4

11 5 7 1 2 44 3

10 4 6 1 1 40 2

9 3 4 1 1 36 1

8 2 3 . . 32 1

7 2 2 . . 28 .

6 1 2 . . 24 .

5 1 1 . . 20 .

4 1 1 . . 16 .

3 . . . . 12 .

2 . . . . 8 .

1 . . . . 4 .

0 . . . . . .

Mean 21.7 20.8 20.6 21.5 Mean 85

S.D. 6.0 6.2 4.2 4.5 S.D. 18

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to master, graduate or post-graduate BUSINESS programs.


Table 8. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores — Applicants for English-Language Schools*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

30 97 97 99 100 120 100

29 93 94 98 98 116 99

28 88 90 96 95 112 98

27 83 86 94 91 108 95

26 78 82 90 90 104 91

25 72 77 ** 83 100 86

24 66 72 85 75 96 80

23 60 67 76 72 92 73

22 55 61 65 62 88 65

21 49 56 ** 50 84 57

20 43 51 55 40 80 50

19 38 45 45 37 76 42

18 33 40 35 29 72 36

17 28 35 25 23 68 30

16 24 31 ** 21 64 24

15 20 26 16 16 60 20

14 17 22 11 12 56 16

13 15 19 8 11 52 12

12 12 16 ** 7 48 9

11 10 13 5 4 44 7

10 8 11 4 3 40 5

9 6 8 3 2 36 3

8 5 7 2 1 32 2

7 4 5 ** 1 28 1

6 3 3 1 1 24 1

5 2 2 1 . 20 .

4 1 2 . . 16 .

3 1 1 . . 12 .

2 . . . . . .

1 . . . . 4 .

0 . . . . . .

Mean 19.9 18.8 19.0 19.8 Mean 77

S.D. 6.5 6.7 4.9 5.0 S.D. 20

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were applying for admission to English-language schools.


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Table 9. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores — Applicants for Professional License*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

30 97 96 99 99 120 100

29 92 92 97 97 116 99

28 87 87 93 93 112 96

27 81 81 89 87 108 93

26 75 76 82 85 104 87

25 70 70 ** 76 100 80

24 63 63 72 65 96 72

23 56 56 58 62 92 62

22 50 50 45 50 88 53

21 43 43 ** 37 84 44

20 37 37 34 27 80 35

19 31 31 26 25 76 28

18 26 26 18 18 72 22

17 21 22 12 14 68 17

16 17 18 ** 12 64 13

15 14 15 7 9 60 10

14 11 13 5 6 56 8

13 9 11 3 5 52 6

12 7 8 ** 3 48 4

11 6 7 2 2 44 3

10 4 5 2 1 40 2

9 3 4 1 1 36 1

8 3 3 1 1 32 1

7 2 2 ** 1 28 1

6 1 2 1 1 24 .

5 1 1 . . 20 .

4 1 1 . . 16 .

3 1 . . . 12 .

2 . . . . 8 .

1 . . . . . .

0 . . . . . .

Mean 20.9 20.8 21.1 21.2 Mean 84

S.D. 5.8 6.0 4.5 4.7 S.D. 18

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were taking TOEFL for licensure or certification.


Table 10. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores — Applicants for Employment*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

30 97 96 99 99 120 100

29 91 92 97 97 116 99

28 86 87 95 94 112 97

27 81 82 91 88 108 93

26 75 77 86 87 104 88

25 70 71 ** 79 100 82

24 64 65 78 69 96 74

23 58 60 65 67 92 66

22 52 54 53 55 88 58

21 46 48 ** 43 84 50

20 40 43 42 33 80 42

19 34 37 33 31 76 35

18 30 32 24 23 72 28

17 25 28 16 17 68 22

16 21 23 ** 16 64 18

15 17 20 9 12 60 14

14 14 16 6 8 56 10

13 12 14 4 8 52 8

12 9 11 ** 5 48 6

11 8 9 3 3 44 4

10 6 7 2 2 40 3

9 5 6 2 2 36 2

8 4 4 1 1 32 1

7 3 3 ** 1 28 1

6 2 2 1 1 24 1

5 2 2 . . 20 .

4 1 1 . . 16 .

3 1 1 . . 12 .

2 1 . . . 8 .

1 . . . . 4 .

0 . . . . . .

Mean 20.5 20.1 20.3 20.6 Mean 81

S.D. 6.3 6.4 4.6 4.9 S.D. 19

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were taking TOEFL for employment.


10 ▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶

Table 11. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores — Applicants for Immigration*

Scal

e Sc

ore

Read

ing

List

enin

g

Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

30 97 97 99 99 120 100

29 92 93 96 97 116 99

28 88 88 93 93 112 96

27 83 83 89 87 108 92

26 77 78 83 86 104 88

25 73 73 ** 79 100 82

24 68 67 75 70 96 76

23 63 62 64 68 92 68

22 58 57 53 58 88 61

21 52 52 ** 47 84 53

20 47 47 43 38 80 46

19 41 42 34 36 76 39

18 37 36 25 28 72 33

17 33 32 18 23 68 28

16 28 28 ** 22 64 23

15 25 25 12 18 60 20

14 22 21 9 13 56 16

13 19 18 7 12 52 14

12 16 16 ** 9 48 11

11 14 13 5 7 44 8

10 11 12 4 5 40 7

9 9 9 3 4 36 5

8 8 8 2 3 32 3

7 6 6 ** 2 28 2

6 5 5 1 . 24 1

5 4 3 1 1 20 1

4 3 2 1 . 16 .

3 2 1 . . 12 .

2 2 1 . . . .

1 1 . . . 4 .

0 . . . . . .

Mean 19.2 19.2 20.2 19.9 Mean 78

S.D. 7.2 7.1 5.2 5.7 S.D. 22

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were taking TOEFL for immigration purposes.


Table 12. Percentile Ranks for TOEFL iBT Scores — Other*

Scal

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ore

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ing

List

enin

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Spea

king

Writ

ing

Tota

l Sca

le S

core

Perc

entil

e Ra

nk

30 97 96 99 99 120 100

29 92 92 97 97 116 99

28 86 87 95 93 112 97

27 81 83 91 88 108 93

26 76 78 86 86 104 88

25 71 73 ** 79 100 82

24 66 68 79 70 96 76

23 60 63 68 67 92 68

22 55 57 57 57 88 61

21 50 52 ** 45 84 53

20 45 47 47 36 80 46

19 40 42 37 34 76 40

18 35 37 27 26 72 33

17 31 33 19 21 68 28

16 27 28 ** 19 64 23

15 23 24 12 15 60 18

14 20 21 8 11 56 15

13 17 18 6 10 52 12

12 14 15 ** 7 48 9

11 12 13 4 5 44 7

10 10 10 3 3 40 5

9 8 8 2 3 36 3

8 6 7 1 2 32 2

7 5 5 ** 1 28 1

6 4 4 1 1 24 1

5 3 3 1 . 20 .

4 2 2 1 . 16 .

3 1 1 . . 12 .

2 1 1 . . 8 .

1 . . . . 4 .

0 . . . . . .

Mean 19.6 19.3 19.9 20.3 Mean 79

S.D. 7.0 6.9 4.9 5.3 S.D. 21

*Based on examinees who indicated that they were taking TOEFL for other reasons.


11 ▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶

Table 13. Means and Standard Deviations for TOEFL iBT Section and Total Scores, Males*

Group Males by ReasonREADING

SCALED SCORELISTENING

SCALED SCORESPEAKING

SCALED SCOREWRITING

SCALED SCORETOTAL

SCALED SCORE

Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std

Total* 20.1 6.9 19.6 6.9 19.6 4.7 20.4 5.2 80 21

1-To attend high school** 16.3 7.6 16.9 7.6 18.7 5.2 18.6 5.7 71 23

2-To attend a 2 year college/community college** 17.0 7.3 16.8 7.1 17.8 5.1 17.8 5.6 69 22

3-To attend a 4 year undergraduate program** 18.5 7.3 18.6 7.3 19.3 4.8 19.6 5.5 76 22

4-To attend a masters, graduate or post-graduate program other than a business program**

21.6 6.2 20.7 6.4 20 4.3 21.2 4.7 84 19

5-To attend a masters, graduate or post-graduate BUSINESS program**

21.9 6.0 20.9 6.4 20.4 4.4 21.5 4.7 85 19

6-To attend an English language school or program** 20.0 6.6 18.6 6.9 18.5 4.8 19.5 5.2 77 21

7-For licensure or certification** 21.2 5.8 20.7 6.1 20.5 4.5 21 4.7 83 18

8-For employment or a job** 20.5 6.3 19.8 6.6 19.7 4.7 20.2 5 80 20

9-For immigration purposes** 19.7 7.1 19.4 7.1 19.8 5.1 19.9 5.7 79 22

10-Other** 19.7 7.0 19.1 7.0 19.3 4.9 19.9 5.4 78 22

*Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership.

**Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership and also indicated a main reason for taking the TOEFL test.

12 ▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶

Table 14. Means and Standard Deviations for TOEFL iBT Section and Total Scores, Females*

Group Females by Reason

READING SCALED SCORE

LISTENING SCALED SCORE

SPEAKING SCALED SCORE

WRITING SCALED SCORE

TOTAL SCALED SCORE

Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std Mean Std

Total* 20.0 6.6 19.9 6.6 20.6 4.5 20.9 4.8 81 20

1-To attend high school** 16.7 7.3 17.8 7.2 20 4.8 19.8 5.3 74 22

2-To attend a 2 year college/community college** 16.8 7.0 17.1 6.8 18.9 5.1 18.6 5.3 71 21

3-To attend a 4 year undergraduate program** 19.0 6.8 19.4 6.8 20.5 4.6 20.7 5 80 21

4-To attend a masters, graduate or post-graduate program other than a business program**

21.0 6.1 20.7 6.3 21 4.3 21.4 4.6 84 19

5-To attend a masters, graduate or post-graduate BUSINESS program**

21.4 5.9 20.6 6.1 20.9 4 21.6 4.4 84 18

6-To attend an English language school or program** 19.8 6.4 19.0 6.6 19.3 4.9 19.9 4.9 78 20

7-For licensure or certification** 20.6 5.9 20.8 6.0 21.5 4.4 21.3 4.6 84 18

8-For employment or a job** 20.4 6.3 20.3 6.3 20.9 4.5 20.9 4.8 82 19

9-For immigration purposes** 18.4 7.3 18.9 7.1 20.5 5.3 19.6 5.8 78 23

10-Other** 19.5 6.9 19.4 6.8 20.3 4.8 20.5 5.1 80 21

*Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership.

**Based on examinees who responded to a question about gender group membership and also indicated a main reason for taking the TOEFL test.

13 ▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶

Table 15. TOEFL iBT Total and Section Score Means1 — All Examinees, Classified by Native Language2

Tables 15 and 16 may be useful in comparing the performance on the TOEFL iBT test of a particular student with that of other students from the same native country and with that of students who speak the same language. E T S, creator of the TOEFL test, does not endorse the practice of ranking countries on the basis of TOEFL scores, as this is a misuse of data. The TOEFL test provides accurate scores at the individual level; it is not ap-propriate for comparing countries. The differences in the number of students taking the test in each country, how early English is introduced into the curriculum, how many hours per week are devoted to learning English, and the fact that those taking the test are not representative of all English speakers in each country or any defined population make ranking by test score meaningless.

1 Because of the unreliability of statistics based on small samples, means are not reported for subgroups of less than 30. Due to rounding, section score means may not add up to the total score mean.

2 Because of changes in region and/or country boundaries, certain languages may have been added or deleted since the previous table was published.

Native Language Read

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Afrikaans 18 18 20 20 77Akan 18 18 20 21 77Albanian 18 19 22 20 79Amharic 17 19 21 18 75Arabic 15 18 20 17 70Armenian 18 19 21 20 77Assamese 24 24 24 25 96Aymara * * * * *Azerbaijani 18 19 20 20 77Bambara 13 13 17 16 59Bashkir * * * * *Basque 24 24 22 23 92Belarusian 21 22 22 21 87Bemba 16 18 23 21 77Bengali 22 23 23 23 91Berber 16 19 20 18 73Bikol 20 21 23 23 87Bosnian 19 22 22 21 84Bulgarian 21 23 22 22 89Burmese 18 19 20 21 78Catalan 23 24 22 23 92Cebuano 20 21 24 22 88Chichewa ( Nyanja ) 17 18 20 19 74Chinese 20 18 19 20 78Chuvash * * * * *Croatian 22 24 23 22 91Czech 22 24 23 23 91Danish 23 25 26 24 98Dutch 24 26 26 24 100Dyula * * * * *Efik 18 19 22 20 79Estonian 22 24 24 23 93Ewe 17 17 20 19 74Farsi 20 20 21 21 82Fijian * * * * *Finnish 23 25 24 24 95French 21 22 22 22 86Fulah 14 14 20 17 65Ga 19 20 21 22 83Galician 24 25 23 23 95Ganda 18 18 23 21 79Georgian 19 21 22 21 82German 23 25 25 24 97Greek 22 23 22 24 91Guarani * * * * *Gujarati 20 21 23 22 86Gwichin * * * * *Hausa 16 17 20 19 72Hebrew 22 25 24 22 94Hiligaynon 20 20 24 23 86Hindi 23 24 24 24 95Hungarian 22 24 23 23 92Icelandic 22 25 24 23 95Igbo 18 19 21 21 79Iloko 20 21 22 22 87Indonesian 20 21 20 21 82Inupiaq * * * * *Italian 24 23 22 22 91Japanese 18 17 17 18 70Javanese 17 15 16 17 64Kannada 22 23 24 24 93Kanuri * * * * *Kashmiri 24 24 24 25 98Kazakh 17 19 21 19 76Khmer 15 16 19 19 69Kikuyu 19 21 22 22 83Kinyarwanda 15 17 20 19 71Konkani 24 25 25 25 99Korean 22 21 21 22 85Kosraean 20 19 19 19 76Kurdish 12 13 17 15 56

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Kurukh * * * * *Lao 15 16 21 19 70Latvian 21 23 24 23 90Lingala 16 16 19 18 69Lithuanian 19 22 23 22 86Luba-Lulua * * * * *Luo 18 19 22 21 80Luxembourgish 24 25 25 25 99Macedonian 20 22 23 22 87Madurese * * * * *Malagasy 19 19 21 21 80Malay 21 22 21 23 88Malayalam 24 24 25 24 97Maltese * * * * *Mandingo 14 14 19 18 65Marathi 22 23 23 24 93Marshallese * * * * *Mende * * * * *Minankabau * * * * *Mongolian 16 18 19 18 71Mossi 14 13 16 16 59Nauru * * * * *Nepali 20 20 21 21 83Norwegian 21 24 25 23 94Oriya 23 24 24 24 95Oromo 17 18 20 19 74Palauan * * * * *Pohnapeian * * * * *Polish 22 23 23 22 90Portuguese 21 21 20 20 83Punjabi 21 22 24 22 89Pushtu 17 18 22 20 77Romanian 21 23 23 23 90Russian 20 21 22 21 84Samoan * * * * *Santali * * * * *Serbian 20 22 23 21 86Shona 20 22 24 23 89Sindhi 22 23 24 24 94Sinhalese 20 21 22 22 85Slovak 21 23 23 23 90Slovenian 23 25 24 24 96Somali 17 18 21 19 75Spanish 21 22 22 21 85Sundanese * * * * *Swahili 18 19 22 21 79Swedish 21 25 25 23 94Tagalog 21 22 24 23 89Tajik 14 16 20 17 68Tamil 23 24 24 24 95Tatar 21 22 21 21 85Telugu 19 20 22 21 83Thai 18 19 19 20 76Tibetan 18 19 21 21 79Tigrinya 19 19 21 20 78Tonga * * * * *Turkish 18 19 19 20 76Turkmen 16 17 20 18 70Twi 17 19 21 21 78Uighur 18 18 19 18 73Ukrainian 19 21 22 20 82Urdu 21 22 24 23 90Uzbek 17 18 20 19 74Vietnamese 19 19 19 21 78Wolof 14 16 19 17 66Xhosa * * * * *Yoruba 19 19 21 21 79Yupik * * * * *Zhuang * * * * *Zulu 16 20 25 22 84

14 ▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶

(continued)

Table 16. TOEFL iBT Total and Section Score Means1 — All Examinees, Classified by Geographic Region and Native Country2

Geographic Regionand Native Country Re

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AFRICA

Angola 14 16 20 18 68Benin 16 15 18 18 67Botswana 20 21 23 23 88Burkina Faso 15 16 18 17 66Burundi 15 16 20 18 69Cameroon 16 16 20 19 70Cape Verde 12 16 19 17 64Central African Republic * * * * *Chad 15 16 20 18 69Comoros * * * * *Congo 14 14 18 17 62Congo, The Democratic Republic of 15 15 20 18 68Côte D’Ivoire 15 15 17 17 64Djibouti * * * * *Equatorial Guinea 12 13 18 15 57Eritrea 18 19 20 20 77Ethiopia 17 19 21 19 76Gabon 15 16 19 18 69Gambia 14 15 20 18 67Ghana 18 19 21 21 78Guinea 12 12 18 16 58Guinea-Bissau * * * * *Kenya 19 20 22 22 83Lesotho * * * * *Liberia 14 16 21 18 69Madagascar 19 20 21 21 80Malawi 18 19 22 22 80Mali 13 13 18 16 60Mauritania 14 16 20 18 68Mauritius 23 24 23 24 93Mayotte * * * * *Mozambique 15 17 20 19 70Namibia 18 22 24 22 87Niger 15 17 19 18 69Nigeria 18 19 21 21 78Reunion 19 19 20 20 78Rwanda 15 17 20 19 72Sao Tome and Principe * * * * *Senegal 15 16 19 17 66Seychelles * * * * *Sierra Leone 17 19 22 20 77Somalia 16 18 21 19 74South Africa 22 25 26 24 98Swaziland 18 21 23 22 84Tanzania, United Republic of 16 17 21 19 74Togo 16 16 19 18 68Tunisia 19 20 21 20 80Uganda 18 19 22 21 80Western Sahara * * * * *Zambia 18 20 24 22 84Zimbabwe 21 22 24 24 91

AMERICA

Anguilla * * * * *Antigua and Barbuda * * * * *Argentina 23 24 23 23 93Aruba 18 21 23 21 83Bahamas * * * * *Barbados * * * * *Belize * * * * *Bermuda * * * * *Bolivia 19 21 22 21 83Brazil 21 21 20 20 83Canada 22 24 24 23 94Cayman Islands * * * * *Chile 21 22 21 21 85Colombia 20 20 21 20 81Costa Rica 23 24 23 23 93Cuba 19 20 21 20 81Dominica * * * * *Dominican Republic 19 21 22 21 82Ecuador 19 19 21 20 80El Salvador 20 21 23 21 85French Guiana * * * * *Grenada * * * * *Guadeloupe 17 17 18 18 71Guatemala 19 21 22 21 82Guyana * * * * *Haiti 14 15 19 17 66Honduras 19 22 23 21 85Jamaica 19 21 24 22 86Martinique 20 18 19 19 77Mexico 21 22 22 21 86Netherlands Antilles 16 19 21 19 76


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Nicaragua 19 21 22 21 84Panama 19 21 22 21 84Paraguay 21 22 22 22 87Peru 21 22 22 22 87Puerto Rico 20 22 23 22 87Saint Kitts and Nevis * * * * *Saint Lucia * * * * *Saint Pierre and Miquelon * * * * *St. Vincent and the Grenadines * * * * *Suriname * * * * *Trinidad and Tobago * * * * *Turks and Caicos Islands * * * * *Uruguay 23 24 23 23 93Venezuela 19 21 22 21 83Virgin Islands (U.S.) * * * * *

ASIA

Afghanistan 15 16 21 19 71Azerbaijan 18 19 20 20 78Bangladesh 20 21 21 22 84Bhutan 17 18 22 21 79Brunei Darussalam * * * * *Cambodia 15 16 19 19 69China 20 18 19 20 77Christmas Island * * * * *Cocos (Keeling) Islands * * * * *Hong Kong 19 21 21 22 83India 22 23 23 23 91Indonesia 20 21 20 21 82Japan 18 17 17 18 70Kazakhstan 18 20 22 20 80Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of 20 20 20 21 82Korea, Republic of 22 21 21 22 85Kyrgyzstan 17 19 21 20 76Lao, People’s Democratic Republic 15 16 20 18 68Macao 18 18 19 20 76Malaysia 22 23 22 23 89Maldives * * * * *Mongolia 16 18 19 18 70Myanmar 18 19 20 21 79Nepal 20 20 21 21 83Pakistan 21 22 24 23 90Philippines 21 22 24 23 89Singapore 24 25 24 25 98Sri Lanka 20 21 22 21 85Taiwan 20 20 20 20 79Tajikistan 14 16 20 17 68Thailand 18 19 19 20 76Timor-Leste 12 12 19 18 62Turkmenistan 16 18 20 19 74Uzbekistan 18 19 21 20 79Vietnam 19 19 19 21 78

EUROPE

Aland Islands * * * * *Albania 19 20 22 21 81Andorra * * * * *Armenia 18 19 21 20 77Austria 24 26 26 25 100Belarus 20 22 22 21 85Belgium 24 25 24 24 97Bosnia and Herzegovina 20 22 23 21 86Bulgaria 21 23 22 22 89Croatia 22 24 23 22 91Cyprus 19 21 22 22 84Czech Republic 22 24 23 22 91Denmark 23 25 26 24 98Estonia 22 24 24 23 94Faroe Islands * * * * *Finland 23 25 24 24 96France 22 22 22 22 88Georgia 19 21 22 20 81Germany 23 25 25 24 97Gibraltar * * * * *Greece 23 23 22 24 92Greenland * * * * *Holy See (Vatican City State) * * * * *Hungary 22 24 23 23 92Iceland 22 25 24 23 95Ireland 22 24 25 25 96Italy 24 23 22 22 91Kosovo, Republic of 16 18 22 20 76Latvia 21 23 24 22 89Liechtenstein * * * * *

15 ▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶▶

Table 16 (continued)

1 Because of the unreliability of statistics based on small samples, means are not reported for subgroups of less than 30. Due to rounding, section score means may not add up to the total score mean.

2 Because of changes in region and/or country boundaries, certain countries may have been added or deleted since the previous table was published.


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EUROPE (cont’d)

Lithuania 20 22 23 22 86Luxembourg 23 24 25 24 97Macedonia, Former Yugoslav Republic of 20 22 23 22 86Malta * * * * *Moldova, Republic of 20 21 22 21 84Monaco 21 22 23 22 88Montenegro 18 20 21 19 79Northern Ireland 24 26 25 24 100Netherlands * * * * *Norway 21 24 25 23 94Poland 22 23 23 22 90Portugal 23 25 24 23 95Romania 22 23 23 23 91Russian Federation 20 21 22 21 84San Marino * * * * *Scotland * * * * *Serbia 20 23 23 21 87Slovakia 21 23 23 23 90Slovenia 23 25 24 24 96Spain 22 22 22 22 89Svalbard and Jan Mayen Islands * * * * *Sweden 21 25 25 23 94Switzerland 24 25 24 24 97Turkey 18 19 19 20 76Ukraine 19 21 22 21 83United Kingdom 21 23 24 23 91Wales * * * * *

MIDDLE EAST/NORTH AFRICA

Algeria 16 18 20 18 73Bahrain 18 21 23 21 84Egypt 19 21 22 21 83Gaza Strip * * * * *Iran, Islamic Republic of 20 20 21 21 82Iraq 14 16 19 17 65Israel 22 25 24 22 93


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Jordan 18 20 21 19 78Kuwait 16 18 20 18 72Lebanon 20 22 23 22 87Libyan Arab Jamahiriya 16 18 21 18 73Morocco 18 20 21 20 79Oman 14 16 19 17 65Palestine Territories 17 19 21 19 75Qatar 17 20 21 19 77Saudi Arabia 13 15 18 15 61Sudan 16 19 21 19 75Syrian Arab Republic 17 19 21 19 76United Arab Emirates 17 19 21 19 76West Bank * * * * *Yemen 15 17 21 18 70

PACIFIC REGION

American Samoa * * * * *Australia 21 23 23 23 89British Indian Ocean Territory * * * * *Cook Islands * * * * *Fiji * * * * *French Polynesia 21 22 22 21 86Guam * * * * *Kiribati * * * * *Marshall Islands * * * * *Micronesia, Federated States of * * * * *Nauru * * * * *New Caledonia * * * * *New Zealand 24 25 24 24 97Niue * * * * *Northern Mariana Islands * * * * *Palau * * * * *Papua New Guinea * * * * *Samoa * * * * *Solomon Islands * * * * *Tonga * * * * *Tuvalu * * * * *Vanuatu * * * * *

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