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-NANOG71:Network Automation: past, present, and future ( Slide, Movie)

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https://speakerdeck.com/opelab/20171212-automation

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$ python –-version

Python 2.7.14

$ python2 --version

Python 2.7.14

$ python3 --version

Python 3.6.3

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$ vi sample.py

num = 1if num == 1:

print(“Hello JANOG!!!”)

$ python3 sample.py

Hello JANOG!!!

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Hello JANOG!

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print("Hello JANOG!")1.

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https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_print.py

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a = 1 # a: intb = 1.1 # b: floatprint(a)print(b)print(‘-----’)c = a + b # c: floatprint(c)

$ python3 sample_number.py

11.1-----2.1

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https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_number.py

A= C - . - , 8 = 2

c = “text” # ‘ “d = " "##Python3 Unicode#Python2 ASCII u" "

print(c)print(d)

$ python3 sample_string.py

text

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https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_string.py

A= - . - , 8 = 2

router_list = ["router_A", "router_B", "router_C"]

# print(router_list)

# 0 1print(router_list[1])

# (len)print(len(router_list))

$ python3 sample_list.py

['router_A', 'router_B', 'router_C']router_B3

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$ python3 sample_dictionary.py

router_A15.1

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# key valuerouter_info = {

"hostname" : "router_A","os" : "junos","version" : "15.1",

}

# print(router_info["hostname"]) # print(router_info["version"])

: 2 A = C C

https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_dictionary.py

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$ python3 sample_if.py

num is two

num = 2

if num == 1:print("num is one")

elif num == 2:print("num is two")

else:print("num is the others")

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# router_list = [”router_A”, ”router_B”]

# router_list router_namefor router_name in router_list:

print(router_name)

$ python3 sample_for_2.py

router_Arouter_B

# # range(3) = 0,1,2for num in range(3):

print(num)

$ python3 sample_for_1.py

012

H IA TS O Usample_for_1.py

sample_for_2.py

https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_for_1.pyhttps://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_for_2.py

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# :"r"file1 = open("sample_read.txt", "r")text = file1.read() # print(text)file1.close()

# :"w", :"a"file2 = open("sample_write.txt", "w") file2.write("Good!")file2.close()

$ python3 sample_file.py

Hello JANOG! from sample_read.txtHow are you feeling?

sample_file.py

[ : sample_read.txt]

Hello JANOG! from sample_read.txtHow are you feeling?

[ : sample_write.txt]

Good!

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https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_file.pyhttps://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_read.txthttps://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_write.txt

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# ()

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A C A C HI# # # OS show bgp summarydef get_show_bgp_summary(router_info):

if router_info["os"] == "junos":command = "show bgp summary"

elif router_info['os'] == 'ios':command = "show ip bgp summary"

else:command = “N/A”

return command

# router_info = {

"hostname" : "router_A","os" : "junos"

}# router_infocommand = get_show_bgp_summary(router_info)print(command)

$ python3 sample_function.py

show bgp summary

sample_function.py

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https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_function.py

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class Router:# : def __init__(self, hostname, os, version):

# : self.hostname = hostnameself.os = osself.version = version

# show bgp summarydef get_show_bgp_summary(self):

if self.os == "junos":command = "show bgp summary"

elif self.os == 'ios':command = "show ip bgp summary"

else:command = 'N/A’

return command

# Routerrouter_A = Router(hostname="router_A", os="junos", version="15.1")router_B = Router(hostname="router_B", os="ios", version="15.7(3)M")

# Routerprint(router_A.hostname)command = router_A.get_show_bgp_summary()print(command)

print(router_B.hostname)command = router_B.get_show_bgp_summary()print(command)

$ python3.6 sample_class.py

router_Ashow bgp summaryrouter_Bshow ip bgp summary

A C A C HIsample_class.py

https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_class.py

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$ pip3 list

Jinja2 (2.9.6). . .

$ pip3 install jinja2

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( ) venv virtualenvpip

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pip 9.0.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)

$ pip2 --version

pip 9.0.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/2.7/lib/python2.7/site-packages (python 2.7)

$ pip3 --version

pip 9.0.1 from /Library/Frameworks/Python.framework/Versions/3.6/lib/python3.6/site-packages (python 3.6)

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# datetimeimport datetime

# datetime datetime nownow = datetime.datetime.now()print(now)

$ python3 sample_library.py

2017-11-15 14:25:56.360603

sample_library.py20 3 83H HI C O

https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_library.py

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[{"router_name": "Router_A","ip": "192.168.0.1","os": "junos"

},{"router_name": "Router_B","ip": "192.168.0.2","os": "ios"

},{"router_name": "Router_C","ip": "192.168.0.3","os": "iosxr"

}]

$ python3 sample_json.py

[{'router_name': 'Router_A', 'ip': '192.168.0.1', 'os': 'junos'}, {'router_name': 'Router_B', 'ip': '192.168.0.2', 'os': 'ios'}, {'router_name': 'Router_C', 'ip': '192.168.0.3', 'os': 'iosxr'}]-----192.168.0.1

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sample_json.json import json

file = open("sample_json.json", "r")

# file jsonrouters_list = json.load(file)

print(routers_list)print(”-----")print(routers_list[0]["ip"])

sample_json.py

https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_json.jsonhttps://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_json.py

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{{ title }}

{{ body }}

title = “Web page 1”

body = “Hello! World!”

{{ }} :

{% if %} : if{% endif %}

{% for in %} : for{% endfor %}

{# #} :

[(Jinja2)]

HTML

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interface {{ if_name }}description {{ if_description }}ip address {{ ip4 }} {{ ip4_subnet }}duplex autospeed autono shutdown

!

H O IJ - 82 UT import jinja2

# file = open("sample_template.jinja2", "r")template_txt = file.read()

# template = \jinja2.Environment().from_string(template_txt)

# config_txt = template.render(

if_description="To_RouterA",if_name="fastethernet 1/1",ip4=“192.168.0.1”,ip4_subnet="255.255.255.0")

print(config_txt)

$ python3 sample_template_1.py

interface fastethernet 1/1description To_RouterAip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0duplex autospeed autono shutdown

!

sample_template.jinja2 sample_template_1.py

S

https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_template.jinja2https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_template_1.py

( ( ( )interface {{ if_name }}description {{ if_description }}ip address {{ ip4 }} {{ ip4_subnet }}duplex autospeed autono shutdown

!

3( ) 2

interfaces = [{

"if_description" : "To_RouterA","if_name" : "fastethernet 1/1","ip4” : "192.168.0.1","ip4_subnet” : "255.255.255.0"

},{

"if_description" : "To_RouterB","if_name" : "fastethernet 1/2","ip4" : "192.168.1.1","ip4_subnet" : "255.255.255.0"

},{

"if_description" : "To_RouterC","if_name" : "fastethernet 1/3”,"ip4" : "192.168.2.1","ip4_subnet" : "255.255.255.0"

}]

for interface in interfaces:config_txt = template.render(interface)print(config_txt)

$ python3 sample_template_2.py

interface fastethernet 1/1description To_RouterAip address 192.168.0.1 255.255.255.0duplex autospeed autono shutdown

!interface fastethernet 1/2description To_RouterBip address 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.0duplex autospeed autono shutdown

!interface fastethernet 1/3description To_RouterCip address 192.168.2.1 255.255.255.0duplex autospeed autono shutdown

!

9

sample_template.jinja2 sample_template_2.py

https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_template.jinja2https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_template_2.py

40

text = “Today is Sunday”

pettern = ”Today is (.+)”

. :

1

+ :

() :

match = re.search(pettern, text )# match.group(0) # => Today is Sunday# match.group(1) # => Sunday

import re

# # show versionshow_version_txt = """Hostname: vsrxModel: firefly-perimeterJUNOS Software Release 12.1X47-D15.4"""

# # () : # . : 1# + : regex = "JUNOS Software Release (.+)"

# show_version_txt# match = re.search(regex, show_version_txt )

# print(match.group(0))print(”--------------------")

# print(match.group(1))

sample_regex.py$ python3 sample_regex.py

JUNOS Software Release 12.1X47-D15.4--------------------12.1X47-D15.4

https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_regex.py

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def hello(num):if num == 1:

message = “Hello”elif num == 2:

message = “Good bye”else:

message = “No message”

return message

# hello(1)

# ”Hello”

assertEqual(hello(1), “Hello”)

# hello(2)

# “Good bye”

assertEqual(hello(2), “Good bye”)# hello(-1)

# ”No message”

assertEqual(hello(-1), “No message”)# hello(“abc”)

# ”No message”

assertEqual(hello(“abc”), “No message”)

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def add(x, y):sum = x + yreturn sum

sample_unittest.py

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import unittestimport sample_unittest

class TestSample(unittest.TestCase):def test_add(self):

actual = sample_unittest.add(1,2)expected = 3self.assertEqual(actual, expected)

if __name__ == "__main__":unittest.main()

tests/test_sample_unittest.py

├── sample_unittest.py└── tests

└── test_sample_unittest.py

IA

https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_unittest.pyhttps://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/tests/test_sample_unittest.py

python3 -m unittest tests.test_sample_unittest.----------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 1 test in 0.000s

OK

4 5

python3 -m unittest tests.test_sample_unittestF======================================================================FAIL: test_add (tests.test_sample_unittest.TestSample)----------------------------------------------------------------------Traceback (most recent call last):File ”xxx/tests/test_sample_unittest.py", line 12, in test_addself.assertEqual(expected, actual)

AssertionError: 3 != 4

----------------------------------------------------------------------Ran 1 test in 0.000s

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( ) python3 –m unittesttest __init__.py

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Manufacturer OS Library Language OS version

Cisco

IOS / IOS-XEOne Platform Kit (OnePK) C, Java, Python ASR1000: 3.12 -3.17(EoL)

YANG Development Kit(YDK) Python, C++ 16.5.1 later

IOS-XROne Platform Kit (OnePK) C, Java, Python ASR900: 5.1.2 - 5.3.3(EoL)ASR9000: 5.1.1 - 5.3.3(EoL)

YANG Development Kit(YDK) Python, C++ 6.0.0 later

NX-OS

One Platform Kit (OnePK) C, Java, Python Nexus9000: all versionNexus6000: - 7.2(EoL)

NX-API Web GUI,HTTP/HTTPS

Nexus9000: all versionNexus7000: 7.2(0)D1(1) laterNesus6000: 7.2(0)N1(1) later

Juniper JUNOSPyEZ Python 11.4 later

Juniper Extension Toolkit(JET) Python 16.2 later

Brocade Network OS PyNOS Python 5.0.1 later

Arista EOSpyeapi, rbeapi, goeapi Python, Ruby, Go 4.1.2 later

EOS SDK C++, Python all version

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show version

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Juniper

Router

SSH/Telnet

show version

(Juniper Command)

Hostname: vsrx

Model: firefly-perimeter

JUNOS Software Release [12.1X47-D15.4]

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E s C D E s C 5( . ) (D

Thu Jan 18 02:03:05.771 UTC

Cisco IOS XR Software, Version 6.2.1.23I

Copyright (c) 2013-2016 by Cisco Systems, Inc.

. . .

import Exscript # SSH ( :pip3 install exscript)import re #

username = "user1"password = "password1"ip4 = "192.168.33.3"

# SSHsession = Exscript.protocols.SSH2()session.connect(ip4)

# account = Exscript.Account(name=username, password=password)session.login(account)

# session.execute("show version")result = session.responseprint(result)print("----------")

# pattern = "JUNOS Software Release \[(.+)\]"match = re.search(pattern, result)version = match.group(1)print(version)

# SSHsession.send("exit")session.close()

sample_exscript_show.py

$ python3 sample_exscript_show.py

show versionHostname: vsrxModel: firefly-perimeterJUNOS Software Release [12.1X47-D15.4]----------12.1X47-D15.4

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https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_exscript_show.py

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print(”===== Step 1. run show command =====")session.execute("show configuration interfaces ge-0/0/1")print(Fore.YELLOW + session.response) # Fore.YELLOW :

print("===== Step 2. configure =====")session.execute("configure")

config_txt = "set interfaces ge-0/0/1 disable"session.execute(config_txt)print(Fore.YELLOW + session.response) #

print("===== Step 3. commit check =====")session.execute("show | compare")print(Fore.YELLOW + session.response)session.execute("commit check")print(Fore.YELLOW + session.response)

print("===== Step 4. commit =====")print("Do you commit? y/n") # y or nchoice = input()if choice == "y":

session.execute("commit")print(session.response)

else:session.execute("rollback")print(session.response)

session.execute("exit")print(session.response)

print("===== Step 5. run show command(again) =====")session.execute("show configuration interfaces ge-0/0/1")print(Fore.YELLOW + session.response)

$ python3 sample_exscript_set.py

===== Step 1. run show command =====show configuration interfaces ge-0/0/1unit 0 {

family inet {address 10.0.1.1/24;

}}===== Step 2. configure =====set interfaces ge-0/0/1 disable===== Step 3. commit check =====show | compare[edit interfaces ge-0/0/1]+ disable;commit checkconfiguration check succeeds===== Step 4. commit =====Do you commit? y/nycommitcommit completeexitExiting configuration mode===== Step 5. run show command(again) =====show configuration interfaces ge-0/0/1disable;unit 0 {

family inet {address 10.0.1.1/24;

}}

sample_exscript_set.py( )

: sample_exscript_set.py

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https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_exscript_set.pyhttps://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_exscript_set.py

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Juniper

get_network_driver(”iosxr")get_facts()[‘os_version’]

12.1X47-D15.4

get_network_driver("junos")get_facts()[‘os_version’]

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# NAPALM # : pip3 install napalm)import napalmfrom pprint import pprint

# JUNOSdriver = napalm.get_network_driver("junos")device = driver(

hostname="192.168.33.3",username="user1",password="password1" )

# device.open()

# fact = device.get_facts()pprint(fact) # pprint:

print("----------")

# ( )print(fact["os_version"])device.close()

sample_napalm_show.py

$ python3 sample_napalm_show.py

{'fqdn': 'vsrx','hostname': 'vsrx','interface_list': [ 'ge-0/0/0',

'ge-0/0/1','ge-0/0/2',. . . ,'vlan'],

'model': 'FIREFLY-PERIMETER','os_version': '12.1X47-D15.4','serial_number': '83f144ddd4f7','uptime': 8309,'vendor': 'Juniper'}----------12.1X47-D15.4

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https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_napalm_show.py

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print("===== Step 1. run show command =====")print("Interface Status: ", end="") if device.get_interfaces()["ge-0/0/1"]["is_up"] == True:

status_before = ”UP"elif device.get_interfaces()["ge-0/0/1"]["is_up"] == False:

status_before = ”DOWN"print(Fore.YELLOW + status_before)

print("===== Step 2. configure =====")device.load_merge_candidate(filename="./sample_config_junos.txt")print("OK")

print("===== Step 3. compare configuration =====")print(Fore.YELLOW + device.compare_config())

print("===== Step 4. commit =====")print("Do you commit? y/n")choice = input()if choice == "y":

print("Commit config: ", end="")device.commit_config()print("OK")

else:print("Discard config: ", end="")device.discard_config()print("OK")

print("===== Step 5. run show command(again) =====")print("Interface Status: ", end="") if device.get_interfaces()["ge-0/0/1"]["is_up"] == True:

status_after = ”UP"elif device.get_interfaces()["ge-0/0/1"]["is_up"] == False:

status_after = ”DOWN"print(Fore.YELLOW + status_after)

interfaces {ge-0/0/1 {

disable;}

}

)(

sample_napalm_set.py( )

$ python3 sample_napalm_set.py

===== Step 1. run show command =====Interface Status: UP===== Step 2. configure =====OK===== Step 3. compare configuration =====[edit interfaces ge-0/0/1]+ disable;===== Step 4. commit =====Do you commit? y/nyCommit config: OK===== Step 5. run show command(again) =====Interface Status: DOWN

sample_config_junos.txt

https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_napalm_set.pyhttps://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_config_junos.txt

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Ansible

(playbook)

CiscoRouter

JuniperRouter

Ansibleiosxr Module

Ansiblejunos Module

iosxr-factsdebug: var=ansible_net_version

junos-factsdebug: var=ansible_net_version

12.1X47-D15.4

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HI C Apip3 install ansiblepip3 install ncclient # junos

- hosts: vsrx1connection: localgather_facts: notasks:

- name: Get basic informationjunos_facts:

- name: show model namedebug: var=ansible_net_model

- name: show serial numberdebug: var=ansible_net_serialnum

- name: show versiondebug: var=ansible_net_version

[vsrx1]192.168.33.3[vsrx1:vars]ansible_ssh_user=user1ansible_ssh_pass=password1

hosts

playbookjunos_show_1.yaml

$ ansible-playbook -i hosts junos_show_1.yaml

PLAY [vsrx1] *************************************

TASK [Get basic information] *********************ok: [192.168.33.3]

TASK [show model name] ***************************ok: [192.168.33.3] => {

"ansible_net_model": "firefly-perimeter"}

TASK [show serial number] ************************ok: [192.168.33.3] => {

"ansible_net_serialnum": "83f144ddd4f7"}

TASK [show version] ******************************ok: [192.168.33.3] => {

"ansible_net_version": null}

PLAY RECAP ***************************************192.168.33.3 : ok=4 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0

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https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_ansible/hostshttps://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_ansible/junos_show_1.yaml

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[vsrx1]192.168.33.3[vsrx1:vars]ansible_ssh_user=user1ansible_ssh_pass=password1

hosts

- hosts: vsrx1connection: localgather_facts: notasks:

- name: send command "show version"junos_command:

commands: show versionregister: result# "result"

- name: show resultdebug: var=result.stdout_lines

playbookjunos_show_2.yaml

$ ansible-playbook -i hosts junos_show_2.yaml

PLAY [vsrx1] ***************************************TASK [send command "show version"] *****************ok: [192.168.33.3]

TASK [show result of "show version"] ***************ok: [192.168.33.3] => {

"result.stdout_lines": [[

"Hostname: vsrx","Model: firefly-perimeter","JUNOS Software Release [12.1X47-D15.4]"

]]

}

PLAY RECAP *****************************************192.168.33.3 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0

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https://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_ansible/hostshttps://github.com/taijiji/NetworkAutomationTutorial/blob/master/samplecode/sample_ansible/junos_show_2.yaml

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