Jan Eliasson -- Armed Conflict: The Cost to Civilians

8/3/2019 Jan Eliasson -- Armed Conflict: The Cost to Civilians

1/67

Jan EliassonArmed Conflict: The Cost to Civilians


2/67


3/67

Dlvd h 25h Mh, 2009 h

joan b. kroc institute For peace & justice

j b. k shl p sd

uvy s Dg

s Dg, cl

Ja Eliao

Armed Confict: The Cost to Civiliansed em nm

s pgm o D klw

Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice


4/67

Photo:ArchitecturalPhotography,

Inc.


5/67

3

TABLE OF COnTEnTs

j b. k i p & j 4

j b. k Dghd L s 6

bghy 10

ivw 12

Wlm d id

L Armed Conflict: The Cost to Civilians 29

Q d aw 48

rld r 61

a h uvy s Dg 62


6/67

4

JOAn B. KrOC InsTITuTE FOr PEACE & JusTICE

th m h j b. k

i p & j (ipj)

, lv

d wld. thgh

d, h d -

mg v, h ipj

gm h dv hlhd l l

d hm gh.

th ipj, h uvy

s Dg j b. k shl

p sd, dw chl

l hg h

l m d

v d lv l h

h ll, l d l . th ipj w lhd 2000

hgh g g m h l j b. k h uvy s Dg

h dy d d . pgmmg

g ly 2001 d h ldg w ddd Dm 2001 wh

, pmg wh j: ply h 21 cy.

th i v, j b. k wd, ly l ,

m . i ldg v, h ipj w wh ll

hl gh h ld wh

h mm whh hy lv. i nl, xml, h ipj ly

g ghh y w wh nl g lv

d dlg h m md l d mhy

d mly dmy. i W a, h ipj w wh ll hm

gh g gh h ly gvm mh

dd m d ly.


7/67

5

th Wm pM pgm dm h d

l wm ld wh vlvd hm gh d

mg h hm . WldL, y-d

dl gm hgh hl d m s Dg d b

cl, yh gll .

cmmy h ld , lm, d

d w mmy mm, dm d

d l , wll dlg wh l d l

ld gvm, gvml gz d h mly.

i dd h j b. k i p & j, h j b. k

shl p sd ld h t-bd i, whh m

d-ld hlh d v l h vy h -

d mmy, d m gm p d j sd

ld h ld.


8/67

6

JOAn B. KrOC DIsTInguIshED LECTurE sErIEs

edwd 2003 y g g h j b. k i p &

j m h l j k, h Dghd L s m

hgh-lvl l d l ld d lym h

h wldg d v ld d . th

gl h d ddg hw v d lv

l d m wh .

th Dghd L s h mmy lg y

gg wh ld wh wg g w dlg wh

l d wh w h q hw dg

mw. th , whh hld h j b. k i

p & j h uvy s Dg j b. k shl

p sd, xm w dvlm h h v l

v d lv l whl g hm gh d g

l .


9/67

7

DIsTInguIshED LECTurErs

al 15, 2003 r edgGl sy, nl cl chhThe Role of the Church in U.S. Foreign Policy

My 8, 2003 Hl cldpd, nl ply rh iThe New Nuclear Danger

o 15, 2003 rhd j. Gldj h cl c sh a

The Role of International Law in Preventing Deadly Conflict

jy 14, 2004 amd Dld k. sgu.s. Dm s

Conflict, Gender and Human Rights: Lessons Learnedfrom the Field

al 14, 2004 Gl ahy c. Zud s M c (d)

From the Battlefield to the Negotiating Table:Preventing Deadly Conflict

nvm 4, 2004 H ahwsy Gl pl iv hpm Gll Dlg d Dmy

Concept, Context and Process in Peacemaking:The Palestinian-Israeli Experience

nvm 17, 2004 nl Hyzexv D u.n. Dvlm Fd WmWomen, War and Peace: Mobilizing for Securityand Justice in the 21st Century

Fy 10, 2005 th Hl Llyd axwhypd, uvy Wg

The Responsibility to Protect: Prescription for a GlobalPublic Domain

Mh 31, 2005 My rFm pd ild d u.n. Hghcmm Hm rgh

Human Rights and Ethical Globalization


10/67

8

o 27, 2005 H exlly kml MFm pd h rl bw

Perspectives into the Conflict in the Democratic Republicof the Congo and Contemporary Peacebuilding Efforts

jy 27, 2006 amd chh r. Hllu.s. Dm sU.S. Policy in East Asia and the Pacific

Mh 9, 2006 Wllm F. shlzexv D amy il usaTainted Legacy: 9/11 and the Ruin of Human Rights

sm 7, 2006 sh ed2003 nl p LIran Awakening: Human Rights, Women and Islam

o 18, 2006 M Mm, alm Vv pz, i sg

Women, War and Peace: The Politics of Peacebuilding

al 12, 2007 th Hl Gh evpd il c GPreventing Mass Atrocities: Making Never Againa Reality

sm 20, 2007 kh rhexv D Hm rgh Wh

The Dynamics of Human Rights and the Environment

Mh 4, 2008 j egldFm ud-sy-Gl Hm

A d emgy rl cd h u.n.War, Peace and Climate Change: A Billion Lives in the Balance

al 17, 2008 j GdllFd j Gdll i d u.n. Mg pReason for Hope

sm 24, 2008 th Hl L aFm u.n. Hgh cmm Hm rgh

Integrating Security, Development and Human Rights


11/67

9

Mh 25, 2009 amd j elFm u.n. sl evy h sy-Gl D d ud-sy-Gl Hm aArmed Conflict: The Cost to Civilians


12/67

10

BIOgrAPhY OF AMBAssADOr JAn ELIAssOn

b Gg, swd, 1940, amd j el w

xhg d h ud s m 1957 1958. H gdd

m h swdh nvl admy 1962 d d m dg

em d b adm 1965.

amd el vd Dlm adv h swdh pm

M m 1982 1983, d D Gl pll a

h swdh My Fg a m 1983 1987. i 1992, h w

d h u.n. ud-sy-Gl Hm a d

w vlvd sml, sd, Mzmq d h bl

g v ldm, l v d hm .

i 1993 d 1994, amd el vd md h ng-

kh l h ogz sy d c-

e. amd el w h swdh amd Whg

m 2000 2005, s sy Fg a m 1994 2000

d u.n. ud-sy-Gl Hm a m 1992

1994. el, m 1988 1992, h w swd amd h ud

n nw Y wh h w h u.n. md m h

w w i d iq, hdd y m pm M ol plm.

Fm jy 2007 jly 2008, amd el vd u.n. slevy h sy-Gl D, d h w pd h u.n.

Gl amly m 2005 2006. amd el dghd

swdh dlm lmd h vg M Fg

a 2006.

amd el md k el, wh w swd s

sy ed d s m 2004 2006. thy hv h

gw hld: a, eml d jh.


13/67

11


14/67

12

InTErVIEW

The following is an edited transcript of an interview with Ambassador Jan

Eliasson, conducted on March 25, 2009, by Ami Carpenter, Ph.D., assistant

professor of conflict studies in the Joan B. Kroc School of Peace Studies.

AC: The first question Im going to ask is on behalf of my students. I

know from having read your work that you are a man who has not

lost his enthusiasm and optimism even if you say you do get worried

more and more these days. What do you think are some of the most

promising roles for our students in peace and justice as they prepare

to enter this complex world of development and peacebuilding?

je: im m v hgh i wy l my dvlm

dy wld. b lwy h m dw l . i h h

m m q wldg. th wldg d,

dy wld, v ll h wldg h wld d lly

l. shRomeo and Julietl h wld d V.

W d lz h wld d h ud s, d swd,

my w y. th m w lv whh wld-

d, h w wll v , dxlly. i m lly

l i lv my y, d m d. i h

wd, dy wld, wll-gzd l dd

h l , d h g y l l d v

y l l h wld d wy vlg d lg

h d wld h vm y yg m.

AC: Agreed. There is a complexity of information that faces our young

people, and they tend to get overwhelmed by what they see on the

media. I think that is the real value in teaching conflict analysis: It

provides a conceptual framework for unpacking or understanding

some of the events taking place. What are your thoughts on that?


15/67

13

je: i h y d ll hl. Y d lz h

dy d vyhg, vydy d mhg. ad h

lly l dy wld wh h lm hg. Wh h

m m d h my h lm, y d ll

h z h lm d y l h mll,

y l wd y w y d y w mll g d.

Y l yl m h l.

th, i m m d m d h h w ll hv

l ly d w lm y l. W

gz lv ll h lm. i y l h

vml , hy hg. L h mg , l

h d, l gzd m ll h lm m

h y, gz dl wh .

th dl wld d wy lyzg h lm, h lm

h , d h gz d h lm: h l h ud

n, h l gl gz l h e u, h

l gvm, h l gvml gz, h l

h v , h l h v. th, hvg d h

dv l, lz h h vy l h lm

wh i ly l d m . by h y d h

ly d d mwh h mm -hgh x

h gvm. L h x h ud n,

h m, h x y w d h ud s,

pd [b] om. by lzg h dy wld h lm

d, w h d h w ll hv l.

AC: I absolutely agree with that perspective, and thank you for the segue

because I wanted to ask your opinion about the new administration

specifically, what do you think the geopolitical position of the U.S. is

going to be in the next four to eight years?


16/67

14

je: i ll y y. i w gvg h swd mh g.

th w m h xv g m. b h

h i d hm, Wh y w m ?

thy d, pd om d h d h g.

F. i h l ?

ad hm d, i hv 2-y-ld d h w whg lv

h dy h g d d, om.

th y hg w v h, h h llwg w m w

h swdh m m. th h m d d, Wh

h? ad h hld h h hd.

th ly ll y h m h w am dm.

i hd m y h h l w y hv d wh h

u.s. ldh l , mlll , h

g m v . th hv d wh

m mmd mlll , wh m lz h

lv h lm l, xmly m.

Wh i h h h d, gh wh e d l h

my -, ly l wll d gd h

ly ld w mmd (mly, y nato

d d m ), l ld gll . i h u.s.,

e d h wh ml vl d ld

d ghg vy, ld d gg l w, ld

d gg d h gl a, w wld ly d h

gh hg h m l wh d d y l,

wld l dd hl dm w . W wld m h dmg d W dm h l w y.


17/67

15

W l wh g x h d, lhgh y yg h

im l ddg h lm: H xd lm hmly g

x. b l g h h h hd h am

gvm d h am l h . s l ly

h h d hd whh my wh dy

wld wh w ll dd whh w hv w h

l wh vydy h h h dly.

AC: So you believe that the U.S. can regain its soft power that its really

lost in the past eight years?

je: im gld y d h. i h xly h h w wh w

dm hv h mh. i hv vy w mly v,

d h mly v h lly m hd

d ld h g d d w. i w ld gv

g l , , dlmy h l lm d h

wld mhg. b l m ld y xml.

sgh dg h cld W w mly gh, ll gh

l mly gh. i dy wld, gh m gh wll-

dd, dg my vl. sgh l h y.

sgh vml l y. sgh wldg d

. sgh yg l wh lv h . i w e

d h ud s lly mv h d, h w

wll ly h l w z, l w wll hv lg

l dy wld. Wh h dvlm h w m

d d wh h w lvg h dd

hl, w hld lv h -lld mly l hd. nw m

gv h wgh h l lm d d l h v

l y g whh l-.


18/67

16

AC: Youre speaking my language. If you deconstruct what it means

to prevent conflict, it has everything to do with how societies are

governed and run: inclusively, democratically and so forth. Speaking

of the importance of that mindset conflict resolution, prevention,

nonviolence, diplomacy and development over or before military

action I always think of the difference between the industrial

democracies and places in the world where you do not have elected

leaders, where you have very bad leaders and very bad institutions.

You have actually negotiated with two of these leaders: Saddam

Hussein and Robert Mugabe. Could you share your insights? Were

they capable negotiating partners? Were you able to make progress in

those interactions? Did they have any similarities?

je: My mg wh r Mg w lly Zmw m

dd. H w ld h Zanu [Zmw a nl

u] mvm, h l mvm. i w hm gh wh h

w d H, whh h m w lld sly. i g vy d

m hm, v h m, i w yg vy hm

h m dmy, hm gh, mly ym

d h. swd hd d h mvm vy mh dg h

l d d w w md dlg wh

hm. i w d vy h mg hm, my mg w vy

gly d.

H md h h dmy h w mhg h m

l wh y. s h ldy h m ld -y

ym. H md h h d h d a

gh h . i gd, ly lly, h i l h

hg w gg g h gh d. i w ly

my . b h w w h d hd m swd. i

mm h yg, r Mg, y hld l h yg m.b h w dly h mm h. i v lly hd

g wh hm.


19/67

17

Wh sddm H, , w dly g

w dg h i-iq W. i h md h ud

n, i w [swdh] pm M ol plm1 d

h, h dh, i m h v h y-gl

h mlm h l h w dd 1988.

i v h l m h y-gl m h h m

gm. th qd mg wh sddm H. id l

m hm dg h ly h w. algh i h i 28 h

wh sddm H.

th my hg i ld y, i d h iv v my l l

hylly vm i dd iq. H w llg,

h dlm, h m, w q, l, hdly mvd whl h w

mg h g d lg y v lg. ad wh i d w

h my y q, my y v w mhg h h

dd mlly x. H vdly v vd l q

q h w dl. i w h h iq h m lm

g wh i dd dl q h.

kwg wh hd hd h d h ll d h

sddm H iq w gd h mg. th

l d h hl dlmm md h. i m sddm H

i w h h hd gd 5,000 l Hl h kdh .

i hd mlz mh dl lv h mlly i

ll hd ld h d my d w. ad i hd

h mlly d l h d.

AC: How difficult was that for you?

je: Vy dl, y hv h l hzd. Wh

y g h w y my d, d y d hwdm d ldh y h l y dl wh. smm

y g w hm y g d. b y l lz h y

1 ol plm w m m swd wh h w d Fy 1986.


20/67

18

d mmm d d wh hm, h ld

wh h ld d wh y h . th hld h

vllg wll d ly i wl v g gv d

my w hl v. s q dl. Y hv lly

h dg h d md y hv hw d

gg h d h y gg.

AC: Saddam Hussein is often painted as an individual who was

intransigent, unreasonable and could not be negotiated with, in much

the same way as we now speak about the president of Iran. It sounds

like you are saying you were able to have a dialogue with him, perhaps

all having to do with the skills you brought to the table.

je: i hv y md vw h l h md. i m

myl h wh g h h h w hl. Y dg

hm h w hl wh l l d hd w, i d w

whh y hv v d h d. i h wd,

y md h h mmm ll wll. i h

ll wll h d, h y hv h g l, wh

md ll. b h ll wll, h w

wh g mly vy d, h y qlly

hdd h l. s y hv l ll wll

mv h wd.

th g y hv dl wh h my vw

dv h l. Fly h mg: ch h gh m h

d l d h q h g. sdly, y hv

hw ll ddg. i y l h, y d h vm

wh h h l d ymhy v.

thdly, y hv mly l wh h lgg, h wd d l hg h wd h d . L

h , d, wd, wv y x x,


21/67

19

qly hg y d h d d d h m

wh mhg l lv h m h lgh .

ad hly, h w l lh, h w lhg

mh d d d v ymhy. th h

lly vy l mg whh h h mly

h h y . s h d m h g

h md, h h h gh m wh l

d h y hv lhd l lh h l lly

w g wh y h . th h h

m g: mg, ll ddg, l

lgg d l l.

AC: Were you able to establish personal relations in Khartoum?

je: i gd hm d sd 1993. th d

h m w [om l-] bh. i m 14 y l khm. i m

pd bh d i d hm, im . i h i d hv m

14 y m w h l. H mld d mmd h

w hd gd h hm d 1993, whh w g

l m h gg w hd gd ll . th

w mly h dd w. s w hgd h

hm h wd. by h w vd hd lv

h g h h.

b h h i w hm m h d h w m. th

g hd g wll, wd . ev hgh i w wh hd

hd w 2003 d 2005, i hd h l gh wh my -

g, slm slm h a u d l lm

h D l. W dl wh h d : w-hg, wlh-

hg d y. o dly w h h my mvm,whh w 20 wh w w gg d v wh w hd. ad ll

h gd gh y w hv g m.


22/67

20

b y hv dvl d v ymhy i wld y, h hy

l hw y . thy w h y d hv y

hdd gd, y h. My mh lwy ld m, nv l y

l. sh gv m vy gm : i y v l y d hv

wh yv d . b g ddly

v m h ghhd mhg h ld l l g

dv llg h h.

ad h l, hv lgh h mm. shw y l d. D

l. Fd m h mly h h

h d. G d h mm y th h mm

q bghdd. (uly l hg hv l

h w i h h hy vd.) ad y h y hw

l. th y hld d ml, h .

i y dd h ll y y l, ly y m

l, l y hv m . i m g.

AC: My next question touches on illegitimate or compromised

leadership, which is a better word to use than bad leadership. We

see it right now in Mexico. There is a very violent conflict taking place

between drug cartels that are extremely powerful, very well-armed,

control their own paramilitaries, are well-financed. It is similar to the

kinds of factional violence which you also see in Afghanistan, Somalia

anything tied to war economies essentially. In your experience

working in this field for the past four decades, have you seen an

increasing prevalence in illegitimate or compromised leadership?

Does that impact the difficulty or ease of your job and, by extension,

the potential future job of our graduate students?

je: i gwg lm ldh whh mmd i l y

m mly hgh h l gzd m, whh ly mm l h w d z , d mg. th m

m. th v $300 ll l. illgl m


23/67

21


24/67

22

d: $200 ll h. p: $100 ll. 1.2 mll wm d

hld ld mhd d h y m g. ad

h my d h w h l g h hy dm

. thy h w hd ll gvm

g dg my h wld.

b l, hy llg h mg h wh lly w l

h ym. th dg lld. th vg lld. th

ml hd. th v lld ily,

e u. iv h bl, iv a, iv

L am. i h xmly dg.

th l hld g h gd h dm

lly hv gh vy dll . i h m, h

ml dw d dw d dw. Y d h h

l v, h vl v, h lm, h m e

e a d lw h h h .

i h , dmh h vl dm . Y my

hv h dm h, h wh ld d h h

d l m h g, h dmy d dlv h l

w d . W v hv d dy d h e u

h l ml gz blg d rm wh w

mm h e u. s w hv wh h. th l.

th y l hv h l h l , h

w lwm d h wh d

y d h ml g. nw, wh h lw m d w

h d d ld d y, y l g

m vl vl h h vl. i . W hv

mlz ll dl wh h lm l.


25/67

23

AC: Its what you said: We have to imagine it. When we can imagine

a problem we can start to imagine a solution. Does the international

community engage with organized crime?

je: n. i d h h l y h d gh. i l y

my d, a c, wh hdg h h ud n

l m ghg V [ud n o Dg d

cm]. H h promille h my d g

hm d mm .

b i h l g ghg m d ghg gd y

hm; w ld h l. Y hv ld y m h

m, wh h hm d hv dg gd, h l l.

i y g gd y hm h y gh h mhm

h v h m hg. th v mhm hv

dvld h lly, lly , d lly. i ly

wh y hv m m h lvl h wll w.

L m ll y h my ly dm l.

i h d wh v. i d wg wh i lld h ldd

v, i hv w ld h wh i ll ymd

v. i h l lvl d mly m h u.n.

v. i y w vd h , wh h m h

y g h? Wh h g h ldd h

ymd? ad whh h g h l d v

m hg g? Fy h l hd h l 20

y g g.

th g: ly wg, whh hld l ld md

v h m ld d v d md. th d

g -dg m m h u.n. ym, y h y-gl h gg h, my h d y mmd y

h sy cl. F-dg m h hw hg

d lm hg dw.


26/67

24

th hd g al 33 h u.n. ch whh m ll h

mhd h hld d f . th hdg ch

Vi p slm D.al 33 l h llwg m:

g, qy, md, l, , dl lm,

gl g gm h l m

h wd, gh d mhd l lm d.

Hw d w h? Vy ly.

th y hv h h g: vv dlym, dg vl

mly vv . W dd h Md h ly

1990, lly. ad h y hv ch Vii d , d i

wld y gd : g h ld, g h wv m

yg wly p Ld d g h my m

gg d x hv d h wld. ad h y hv h

. th dl h h m m y mg h

m v h sy cl.

H ll h hg ld d f . Vy ly

ll h mhd ld. Y g hgh h l d h

d h wh h? Vy w lv. Wh w d d

hg h ldd ymd: Y g dw h d g h h

d. Wh hy? Hm , , d l

vv. b dd h l d hl : dllg wll,

ldg d, g hlh l, mll hl, hg h

d wh x mh y v, gv yg m

dmlzd m h mvm m h gll gh.


27/67

25

th y hv ldg. Wh g , wh

h gg gd gv, y dlv. ad h y hv

l . H y hv v x g dw h h

d. by h y d h h y hv v l.

AC: Would you place them in that order: reconciliation after institution

building?

je: n, y ld vy h. th l y l h .


28/67

26

WELCOME AnD InTrODuCTIOn

By Dee Aker

Interim Executive Director

Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice

Wlm h j b. k i p & j (ipj), wh

m , lv d wld. W

hd hv wh D pl cd m h shl Ldhd ed s d w D Wllm Hdly h j b.

k shl p sd. W l hv h d M.a.

l p d j sd.

W lly w wlm y d v y y m mlhd

g, dlm wh h ld m h m dl d dg

g h wld, wll h hll my l d h ud n.

Whl y d h y gm h 40 y

dlm x, hdly qzd w gh

w vlm. W gg hv hm w h h lg

l lly w wh w ; gg im .

D klw, gm hg h Dghd

L s, h , g hm d

x. tgh d h h h lm vy

hm d g wv vd: w l, f v,

hm , i, iq, sml, sd, Mzmq, h bl

d d .

Dg h y dlm w h l v, vg

h ud-sy-Gl Hm a h ud

n, whh h gw mdly m v h

y d whh vy m h wh w h ld

ldg. H l lhd mh dd m dg h

d h u.n. Gl amly.


29/67

27

i w y D r, h m bh d cl dm

Mddl e vy d g, y, th l l w

h ly 21 y dmd ddg, v m,

h ly mh v d m, h w-hw wld

f wll d g h d wh w w, d h lll l

ll h ly m dl. i h m mld wld

whh wldg m wdly hd, m m ly l

d h w m lly d, w hv ll h

m m d xg vy .

j el glm d dlm wh h dd d d

h lvl hgh h . ad wh h l d h

v w d wh w dd dd h hllg


30/67

28

h w d d, h wd hg hm h ud n d

lwh. th glm wh l d g wm vlvd

dlg whh m y w m h d

h h h x d x vg

ul d Gg uv swd d vl e d

am v, w whh hv gd hm hy d.

H hm h a Ldh Mml Fd swd d mm

h dvy g h il cmm h rd c.

W h ly dghd g g h vg d

dv h gg gvg mw h nrotc

[nvl rv o tg c] d h lw hl. o hl h

ipj m g m Gml, s L, L d Md

h phl wh hyv g h d lg h

v vl gh md f m i v ll

y m wlmg h m wh, g ll d dg ll

h hg, ll lm m ll wd l h m:

amd j el.


31/67

Armed Conlict:The Cost to Civilians

Ambassador Jan Eliasson


32/67

30

th y vy mh, D. a, d D. th w wdl d.

t h yg l i w y h im y h l dl my g,

hvg d ll h.

i m ll y y wh h d dd d h h

wdl wy h D dd . i w nw Y h ly 90. i

hd d hm sml, sd, bm, d

ll v, d i w gv . th ldy w vy d d gv vy

gd wh id d, h dd wy whh

hgd h whl gl wh id dg. sh d, nw, ld d

glm, my i d y h m l ll h d

h wld. i l h w mwh .

th y vy mh, d l h y vy mh ll y D d

h wdl . i hv m wh h wmh, d h

mh d y h h dg xdy. i g, id

y, h d h l. i lly g. i l w y

swd hvg l my y l w wh w h gd, h i

lzd why i lv my w y, mly h mm. i l lzd h

h w h i d h Fg sv. ad h im dly

mdd h wdl vm whh y lv h.

The need to put the human being in the center is urgent in todays

world. I think we are ailing in this.

i w mmd h j b. k i h d

h y hv y w: wh , wh .

b i l w mmd y g h g mh hm

y. th d h hm g h g dy

wld. i h w lg h. W hv hvd hm y. ad


33/67

31

i wld l h wh y dm wh hd,

h wh dd h, w h -w d.

th w h d h sd Wld W. th h h

my d h, i wld lm h h d w 1930 d 1945

w h m hl d hm hy y dd mmm

h sl h, m d nzm, h sd Wld W, Hl.

th d w 1930 d 1945 w ghm.

ad h, gly, wh hd w h dlm . 1945: pl

m s F y h w wld l

ldy, d y. thy m h d h ud n,

h wh hd h u.n. ch. a h m m, sy s

Gg Mhll dvd h Mhll pl, lg m h F Wld W

x h d d .

a l y l h e u d h: h cl

d sl u, whh hd ll d wh l d l, lly dl

wh g w w F d Gmy. ad 1948, h 10h

Dm, h uvl Dl Hm rgh w dd, wh

el rvl m mv. L h xl gdwll d

d lv h ghm hd d w wld. th w

mm g y, w ?

ad h m h cld W d h w ym. Hm

y dd vy hgh h gd dg h cld W. Dg

h d d l m w gll h gm.

ad w g wh w dd d dg h d w 1945 d

1950. th w h dm, my vw.

th m h d. W w ll xmly hy d y ll mmh g l, h y w l wh h wll mld dw bl

1989 d h cld W w v? th mm ym, h w l m


34/67

32

h gg, gzd l, d w w h d h cld W.

b h wh h w l h cld W w ld wy, d

h h w my h hd d lg:

h m, lg m. th w f w ld

wy d dm d mv. i my l h w

dm, d d wh, dlm,

g dg f d g. b m d m hy w

h m vl w: d, f, w d . th w h

d dm, h h dm h d h cld W wld

ld g g hm y hgh h gd.

th hllg m. th hllg m l h hm g

h d hv h gl h ldy h wd d

d hm g d. Dg h cld W d,


35/67

33

d v h d h ud n, vgy d l

gy w d h g h h vld

v hm d d h hm gh y.

Does solidarity stop at the border or at human beings in need?

ad w h hllg dy. W sd ill m h.

W Zmw. W bm. D ldy h d

hm g d? i d mly h d. Wh

w d ? ill m h l.

L m g h d h wld w. i y

, i m y h ill hv m v m m l. D w hg h i w m. i y h i m m,

h dy i lwy dd, i wy l.

L l h vl md f. F ll, l

h . i m h x g, hy xmly

. Dg h F Wld W, 10 h l w

vl; 90 w mly. th m hl m llg

l w h d Gmy d F. i h sd Wld W,

h g w xmly 50-50. Fy mll l w lld h

sd Wld W; xmly 50 w vl d 50

mly l.

Wh dy? My y w . i ml h, lm h v

h F Wld W. tdy, 80 90 vl wh lld

f, l d vl w. th g d hg

g. i h vl wh y h h f dy. Why?


36/67

34

cvl w d ld m l mg vl. Y hv h

l w y ll v h wld, y l

y Mx. Y hv l h v-ddl w, mh h ll

dg h h v xd hm hy. th y hv h

h w m d. i hv lly h

hml w wh i w i ld mg m h

h w wh iq 1982 d 83. thy w d y sddm H

iq d hg w d . i ll dm h

ll w d d h wg d w xd g

sddm H. i h hd l wh h d h hml

w g i, h h w wld hv h dl,

hl x Hl Mh 1988, wh sddm H d

hml w d lld 5,000 l, mly wm d hld.

sdly, wm d hld h m xd, h m vll.

th d ly, dly, glly, lly, lly, ylly,

mhd w ly fg dmg, l dg

mg h f. Y cg. Y sd

. i m ll h my wh d

ymlly ll mg h l. ad h l g h

. r d ymlly, lly h cg f.

nw, ly h sy cl h ud n h ddd

m w m. ad h g wd sy cl

rl 1820. i m h h mlmd d d.

Y hv l h l hm hld ld. i m hm, m

h wh m m l whd: 9- 10-y-ld y

wh ak-47. thy vm, v d h hl

hg h gw-. b hy m lm dyd, lhgh i hv

m xml vy.

nx h hl l y g h d

w hv l hy h g. 1.2 mll wm d

hld ld xl xl d h wld. i lm h w


37/67

35

hv lv d d h wld. 1.2 mll wm d hld ld

mhd h x d, d ly 6 7 mll ld d

l, d h mhg h h vy mh f .

... every third Daruri is an internally displaced person living in camps.

th l h l l dy wh y h lm

y hv dy h lm y yg

d mhg hm h g d h lly dld

l. Y w h d: Y m g wh y g

d. Wh y gg h d y m iDp,

lly dld , g, d y h y hg .

Wh y m g, h 1951 v ll d y hvg lgl .2 b lv , mg h xmly 31

mll g d dld h wld (i ly hv h 2007

), h my dld . s h m, i my

y , g d h h h wh hv dd

g h y. ad h i h ll h dg

vl, f d m h x my

, wh .

L m gv y h xml sd, wh i wd 18 mh, l jly

l y. th 2.5 mll lly dld l D. th

l 6.5 mll, vy hd D lly dld

lvg m. thy hv lvd h, my hm, v

y. i d x m h l d h m. i mm

17-y-ld y wh w vy . i d l hm; w hd

i d h h l hmd. H h ld g d m, h

mh g d wh h hg wd w,

d h hml w mlyd d ld d yhg h m. H

2 th cv lg h s rg.


38/67

36

w yg h h w g h d hm m d l

g vl d h m.

o y w m h Mddl e wh h wh y hv

g h m g wd, d wd

d h vy mh sd. Wh i l i d h u.n.

sy cl j 2007 d d h w g m. o

wh h h m h h , h d

g h wll gw h. th d dg h h ld h l

hv l g h m w v y l wh d w

h ld, dy w wll hv h lm h l h m

g h vllg d h m l g h hm,

llg h ld.

H i hld y w wd dy . Y w h 13

hm gz hv xlld m sd, mly m

h D , d h w h 1 mll l wll l d,

md d my w h x h w. W hv

d hd gh w. th l m m

d . th wld hv pd bh

h d h vg h w l. b

h d h, h d mlz m h

mg gz d wh w (whh h

ql m wh w xlld), d hy m gv h ,

h l, h my gh h gz m

mh l h wh lv. b d h h h m

xmly dl.

th h h h m hv, lhgh h lm wh h, h

h gvm sd lz h hy w hv lg ly

v h h h gg hm d, ydg d, md d h l m ly h D

l. b h mgh whl hg. ad h l h h

m wh d w v d m h gvm d.


39/67

37

ah q, whh h dd mh h ,

lm h i h wll : h my l h m my h h

h wll m l, l, d h hy wll dd

h d d g chd wh h hm gz

, wh h unHcr [ud n Hgh cmm rg]

v d wh h lgl lg h hl . i chd h

200,000 g m sd; h g ld gw. s h h

d wh mgh h. i h g h d d

vy vd hg d, g, D.

ok, i m y h , h d v. b wh w h d

h? th id l m h lly mvm

v d mg, h h l

lw. th h l hm lw. th

mh h h h wld hv md d whh hy

w gg. W d w gh h 1949 Gv cv

d ll h h m h w hv m h u.n. ch wd

vl.

i y h h dg d d h i hv md,

h y h w hv h ghm 1930 1945 hd ,

w hv l h cld W hd , d w ll hvg wh

w m d mly, hg lvl hm y whh h

dgy m d h wld. th w hv d h dl

w. G h . rd h mmm h hv md. th

Gv cv vy lly h vl m d.

W md h, ol plm d i. W w mdg h i-

iq W h 80, d h w dm mg h vllg

h d i d iq. sm d h Gv

cv d d h i d iq, a y zy? Y m h vllg. thy 95 vl. i

m h d. W lly hvd gm whh vy wll

w. o h 11h j 1984, h d mmd hmlv


40/67

38

m h vllg h d . ad w md h Gv

cv h gm.

i 1993 i w sd, h f w h w w h

d h. ad h w 50,000 l h w lly ld

y h f d y ldm dg h . nwg chh

ad, hh gz whh w vy g j h sd,

wg m; i w h ud-sy-Gl Hm

a. i d, Y hv m. i y d m h d h

, 50,000 l my v dh.

s i w khm d d g. t g wh w d g

ll , h dd w h ll

qd h h mly d l qd v, m.

Fly, w hd lv w hgh mhg w. W d,

d ll , l g hm d. th w h

m h w dd. W g h gm m h gvm

d l m h mvm hm d h

, whh wld v vy h , whh w gvm-

lld l-lld vllg, d w l d.

th y w h h gvm dd hv g gm

wh h l mvm, h spLM [sd pl L Mvm];

hy dd w gv lgmy hm. W mly d, Y m

mmm , h ud n, d h wd. ad h, g,

w md h hm lgl h x m h

hm . ad lv , h w l, 29 ldg

l hd ld, d mh l h nl w j d

h l w vd.


41/67

39

I think there is a need to go back to the sources and use the

authority o the negotiations that were behind this laborious, long

work to create a legal ramework which deends human dignity.

s hg d. Y d mhg y w ll h lgl,h lgl mw, l y ll vv l.

nw, h u.n. ch. i y wh m ; i hv h. al 51 y

h y hv h gh l-d. i vy l. il w xg

h gh h L w 2006 d h Gz ghg 2008 d

2009. b l l my vw, d h lly h l

m lwy, h h h h h h . i h d

, h l wh l lw. th g d

gh . i h h d g h d h

hy h g h w hd h l, lg w

lgl mw whh dd hm dgy.

ah h h g dy hv hv,

m d m, hm md. t m h ql

h h y h hm wh h mly

d h y h hm . b i m y,

hvg h f , i m gld h h wh

vy h h d d g vllg.

b y hv hv l dv l. o h dlmm

h h lwy h h g ;

h g w lwy hv mm h w

hv , d, w h h d md l. Wh y


42/67

40

y hld hm wh d wh vl.

ad h lm h ud s h d iq d h

nato g agh. b w hv m h h

v , m wh g d

wl h .

i mm , m hm w swd, h bl. thy

w l lm hm. Wh hy g

vllg d w h h wm h h hd lm wh h

lmg, hy h m d xd h lmg. th h

wy ld d d.

Another actor that could enhance the respect and understanding

o this civilian suering is to give a stronger role to civil society

and I would say particularly to women.

ad i mm wm ld. chld hl hy w

d, h w hg. ad h ld, im d y h w

swd, dw h d h hld lmd h. Y

mg h md h g h l w vy

l. W hv y d h d vy dl m.

ah h ld h h d ddg h vl

g gv g l vl y d i wld y lly

wm. i hv vy, vy v x wg wh h wm

sml. i hd m lm llg my g hm h m, i

m y, h lm ll vy i w ld. b i hgh i

w h gh l h wm hgh . ad sd, slm

slm my -g m h a u d i wd vy lly

wh vl y d wm gz, d v d h gm


43/67

41

v v h l ld d h gvm (wh h wm d

h w g h gm ). ad hy d lwy

h l, dw--h, l d hv , d hd vy

gm h. i h h l vl y m hd. Mh

gd m gvg vl y g l.

Not even the most isolated dictator is insensitive to the pressure

rom his own people who are more and more well-inormedand want to see change.

i lv h w ly h wh h w mm

mhd w hv, wh vyhg m i ll h d h w

h md, h g, h m g mvl y. n v h m ld d v h

m h w l wh m d m wll-md d w

hg. ad i h vl y, l wm gz, hv

md y.

th l h w gzd. i md l 1820 l

, h h l, 1325. i m h Gl

amly, m h sy cl, vy g l whh

vy lly h wm m ly g l ldg

d h wld. ad h w pldg cmm (i hd

h g h ud n) h l w gzd. nw,

g, h h mlmd ly.

i md l wh w w lg hm h

w hv md m g, lhgh g d Zmw,

g d bm, g d w, i d l, g

sd. b wh m vl hm gh, h vy


44/67

42

ll g h y m , ly h sy

cl l h Gl amly, l .

Hm v w dd h ly 90. i

w d vy, vy qly y h my ll t

h d y W w dm gm h hy dd l.

... i sovereignty is so important, why not then accept that sovereignty

implies that you protect your own population rom genocide, ethniccleansing, mass killing, etc., and that every state has a responsibility

to protect its own population rom genocide, ethnic

cleansing and mass killing?

th w h i wld l md y whh xmly m w wy lg h lm dg

h q, d ldy d hm g d,

d h h l ly r2p lld

dlm-. i wy yg h vgy m, why

h h vgy ml h y y w l

m gd, h lg, m llg, ., d h vy h

ly w l m gd, h lg

d m llg?

th l w d. i . o h 16h sm 2006,

h w d h u.n. Gl amly. i hd h h hg h

Gl amly wh h d w y 172 ld m ll v

h wld. th w l. ndy ld y h.

b h lm w h x gh. F h wh wld l g

dlm- g, y ld l h d h gh

wh y h y d lv h ly


45/67

43

w l, h h l mmy, hgh h ud

n, h h ly . b h m h , im

y y, y h h d llv d

i h h hld llv ; dvdl

hld h gh v. b h dd d h

lm y mg h dlm l. ad d y yg

h h ly h d l wh h sy cl, d h h

v w h vd .

And I think we ... need to bring that principle out and remind

the leaders o the world that such a responsibility exists. Print it

out, enlarge it, rame it and put it inside all government quarters

in the world to remind them.

i wy w q , lhgh h l h vy h

h ly w l w ld dw. ad i h

w y h vy wld d h vl y, h v

d md d g h l d md h ld

h wld h h ly x. p , lg , m d

d ll gvm q h wld md hm.

i wll d y g ll h h lg x: i m w l h

l l h d lz h vy ly h mly

l. idd h m vlzd hg w d v f m

g, d h f , md d h l m

hld mlyd.

th w y h h u.n. ch: ch Vii, h

d i m h dg h i d h h ud n

hld hv h ly y d ch Vi, whh


46/67

44

my v h. ch Vi h h l, lm hdg,

p slm D. i d h dg h w hld.

W lg my lv, mh my, lg

l gz d gh l, w w l

f . th i h w hld al 33 h u.n. ch,

whh chm ev dlm.

L wh ch Vi y w hld d f d

yl, h g d? th y d hll ll

l y g, qy, md, l, , dl

lm, gl g gm, h l

m h w h. Hw d w d h? Vy ly. ad i

h m gv h wd h, gv h dlg h, l

d y d l h f h h iv

dd h l my gh.


47/67

45

I only regret that we didnt add a ourth dimension which I still

think is necessary or this to work, and that is good governance.

ad h l dd h lg x h whl w y w

wld , w m h lh w d l wld. Wh k a dlvd h

Gl amly wh i w d, w hgh gd wy

gg h dm h w dd h 16h sm 2005.

W hd whh d l h: n wh dvlm. n

dvlm wh . b lg l dvlm

wh h hm gh.

i h wd, , dvlm d h w hm gh h

m. i h h ll h, y hv l

whh lly ld f, vy d vl hm

gh. thy ll lg gh, w hv dw wll, d y d

h h j k i vy gd wy l h

d vy lvl. W m h lh w m

dvlm, l , hm gh d d f l.

i ly g h w dd dd h dm whh i ll h y

h w, d h gd gv. W d hv gvm

h wllg dl ly wh h h . uly h

g d gd gv lg h wld.

th h lg x whh i wld l h, d y h h

d y y l, y l, y gz

l. th lm dy wld hg d mlx h

d l. Y h f wh gl d l


48/67

46

ml, l l h -lld gll h whh l

d ll: vml dgd, lm hg, mml

d (lly l d h dvlg wld), gzd

m, mg. Wh ld v mg h h lm ld

lvd y , hwv wl my ?

i m vy gld h y d h ud s, pd om,

lly h d h w hv w gh. i h h h ly

wy. i w d h h d ghg l ,

w wll l wd d ld wll g, dvdg hmy

d hm d lg h d wld lm. s w hv

gh h l ym d dl wh h lm gh.

i dg h w hv y dl wh h hl h

x. i wh i g d swd lwh h wld, my

l h h h lm hg: i v hm . i d

v w . t h lv, mh. i wh i ld d

m. i h m h w lz h vydy h ly.

ndy d vyhg, vydy d mhg.

ad h gll i h h w d l w l

dv l, wh h gll lvl h ud n h

l. i h m h h b Wd ym d dly

md wh w hv h l ly; w l

d gh gl gz. th gl gz

h u.n. ch. th d h ud n hgh h

mly lm hld lvd gl , h g h

ud n h w h ch Viii h u.n. ch.

ad h h ly gvm, h v d h

gvml gz: vl y d y d m.

W m dy h l h d h lm h . F

xml, l w. th lxy 1.2 ll l h wld. 2.5


49/67

47

ll l d hv l, vy mly, dly.

th h m h d d d hld mly h

h sh. iv myl: dhydd hld, wm wh hv wld

w h g w h hld. th hy d h dy w,

hv dh, g dhydd d d. u d lm

l h d h hv dv l: wh d wh. th ld l

wy h hl d l dd hl dm gd. i

h ld h gd pd om d h e u

w whl w d h y ld d, y

mg h d h wld m h wld mll d mll

l? pl wld dd hl dm g ly d

h h dg W dm h wld.

Without passion nothinghappens in lie, on any level. But without

compassion the wrong things happen.

i ll h w d l hv gy. i y i d my hld

i y w my d l h y d hv l d

m. Y d lly ggd. Y d h m

mm d l lly. Y hv d h l

y lv d d wh . Wh hg h l,

y lvl. b wh m h wg hg h. th l

lvly dl . i hv h wh my w y

d i ddd h wld m m ll, h gv m g

d l h g . s w h gy d w wh

d m dl wh h , lzg h h lm

h mgd h hy , h w l wy h hl

d hv wld h wh hv h ly v

m d hlly d h w hv d. b l w m

ll l y h w d , d l l m h. th

y vy mh.


50/67

48

QuEsTIOns AnD AnsWErs

The audience submitted questions which were read by Dee Aker.

DA: You started out talking about the really tough situations. If you

were asked now to go back to Burma or Zimbabwe, what would you

say are those boundary issues? Where is the chance to defend human

dignity and what is our responsibility to protect in those situations?

je: i h h h lz h ly

m d h , l, mh m h dy, m h gl

gz d m h gh. Y hv a wh

my gd h dd d dm vy ly d

hy h vgy vy, vy ly. i hy wh hy vw

W w g hvg h wll d y gvm

d v md, h x m m l. t my

W dm g h, , sh a

g g Zmw. Mg dy ll lm h h

bh llm.

i y l h ly , l ly h lg,

gd d m llg. bd kh, h g m F,

ggd h h ly w ld bm. i

lly m h l h h w h gh wy mv

y h w gh mg dvlg h

w d h w h g h l.

th dd m h hg w d; i l h w v g

l h w h hm lw mw d l h l

h i myl gd 1991, l 46/182, whh y h y hv

vd hm gz. b h ly

h bm w ly -dv.

Y ly h h gvm wh y hv g l

d m wl h ghhd.


51/67

49

DA: In terms of those periods of time you talk about the

disappointments that came when we didnt solve things better at the

end of World War II or didnt understand the potential we had in the

80s at the end of the Cold War what do you see now that is the most

positive opportunity for us to get it right in the future?

je: i h h md w vl y. i ly w

. i w d h m hm gh gz

d wm gz wg ly d g v

y, sd, whh dm y. ad h w

l . thy g; hy ld d. i lvd

h h v. th lly mvm h h d wh d, , l h w mm h i, h mg

. i ml l yl dy. s i h vl

y, d l ll h l wm, vy hl.


52/67

50

im l vy mh gd y yg l h v whv i g:

h y, h dg mhg, h d ly l, h d

g d d yl, lzg h sh w gh Romeo

and Julietwh Lz y rm, rmm h wld d

V. W hv mm h wld d V sh

lwy gh. ad i h h hld d mg h yg l.

My g, w w dlgl e; l d gh w ghg

h h d w w vy dgm. nw i d d m l h

H.c. ad yl The Emperors New Clothes, wh h ll y y

h h lh hy h lly lmy vy m

q. i h vy mh h w g d vl y

h h wld.

i m y l h h d h h m wl y

h wld yml l, l, l

hm dgy d l wg gh h h md md

m ll d h wld. ad w h g e d h u.s.

h gll gd i dd l d h w g v h

l dwg m l m , g h ld

wy my h wll l g h.

DA: Why do you think the Geneva Conventions are so often ignored

in conflicts today? Is it the historical distance? Is it ignorance of the

media in not helping move it forward? Is it lack of emphasis during

military training?

je: all h v lly. i m d d ly m m

l g. i y g d h wld d l hw mh

mly g, y wld vy dd. b l

h l d h dl wh y mm mhg, why h l hm lw h x? i h wldg

xmly m lw d h hv m l g d

h wd d w h v hmlv.


53/67

51

i m , l d w . thy d w w ; hy

hd hm wy. iv g ( 1949 h)

d md m w. evy mm hl dy w

lly. ad wh y w h d h y h w,

y g vy dd.

DA: In your opinion, have the International Criminal Court charges

against Bashir helped or hurt in the international situation with Sudan?

Do you feel that collective action under the banner of responsibility to

protect would be more effective?

je: Vy gd q, d vy dl w. i w

wh h , L M-om, wh i w D d h

w wg h w. i d hm, Y d y d ill d

m. i m g d h il cml c, h

h h d m w ly g h h lzd h w dlmm,

h h w gg h ld q h ld

gvly h ll d q h

h l mmy whh w w h.

uly, h l lll wh h ld h Lra [Ld

r amy] ugd w g h gm h m pd

[jqm] ch Mzmq hd wd h . [jh]

ky dd h dd w g th Hg, h

gm w gd. Y hv wgh h g h l

h w hv hv ly w m v whl l g

, d m ly. W l hv mg d

w w m y h wh w h w d h wh l h

w. th nmg l w h dg h wh w

hd, y l hy w lwy h w h w

wh ly w hy, l hd h h d. s h vyvlzd x , i hd m y h dlmm.


54/67

52

om hd dw h gd hg. th h-dg l

dd h gd hg; h h wll-w. thy d

h w m hg d m g hmy h gh, .

b l m y, i w gd g wh. L mm h w

mh m wh h l mmy. i w yg

myl, my h w, my ld . th h

mh w mh m v h d slm d

my ld l Dh, d i ld myl h gd

. uly w.

DA: How do we deal with the U.N. Security Council veto power that

halts international cooperation?

je: Vy gd q. th sy cl h ud n m

md. i m h wld. th v m mm wh

hv h v gh h v w w h hm dy.

Y hv id, j, bzl, sh a, ng, egy. Y hv my,

my dd h, d y w hv v, yd hv

d ll. s h d lg h sy cl.

Hwv, i m h d i vy ly h wh lv

h hld l lgm h v. W ldy hv lm

wh v h h v d . F ,

gd h h h v h ld h

. i y hv dlg h v w, i h h ud n

wld mmlzd d ld w. i m h w h h

mhg l m h sy cl w wh h x

h v d h whv ml ld h wh m

m v m-m mm.

b my v d d h d q h v, whh

vy mld w v- l. i d

h h h y ly lh h v h v w

h m h h g w h ud n ly,


55/67

53

hy hd h v w l d y. b i h

h v h d vy l h, whh h ld

h g .

i h h sy cl hld m m d m g dy.

i my ym H blx ld hv d h h w

m d iq h m m h h sy cl hdgd h l d wd hm m wh h

d h d d y h hv d d m h

sy cl wld hv hgd h ll m dy.

s h sy cl hld g . i wld g y h

my hld m d m l h h v l

l d . i d gly my d h sy cl whi w h d h Gl amly i hd m hy d lh

i ld wh hm Why d y w l h chl chh?

ad hy d, Wh d y m?


56/67

54

i d, Y hld w l h dl wh hy h h .

Y l hm h s chl d ly wh h wh m

m h yv g h l. i ly wh yv gd h

l h yv d y . th h wy i h hld w,

d d q hg h h.

DA: How do you think the United Nations, NGOs and others can

emphasize more strongly conflict prevention?

je: im gld y h lg h l. i y mv h m

m h l g l h ly , yv md g

wd. th mh w d v.

W ld m h w hv whh d d l. W

dd hg dg h cld W. sgh dg h cld W w

mly gh ll gh h l mly gh. sgh

dy wld m m gh wll-dd, dg

my vl. sgh hld l h y. sgh hld

vml l. sgh hld d wldg d

h. sgh hld yg l wh lv h . th

gh ly lly l xlly. i h h m h

y h y hv m l vv .

b h, l, v l y ld hv ly wg ym h

w w hld dd h l y h wy. Y hv -

dg m h g . Y hv al 33, h gh m ly

d. Y hv vv dlym v d . Y

hv h gd, g h wv h d m yg

Ld d wly p d dg h my x hv.

ad y hv y vlzd , mly h dl h

h . all h d h v.

ad h h l, dly , y hv hv hm

, y hv hv l, hl, ldg,

l , dvlm gm h l d


57/67

55

g. blv , 50 h l h l 20 y hv

d g. s h lly l d ld h

lm d.

DA: How difficult is it to get different parties to the negotiation table

and to put a common interest on the agenda?

je: th w h md , i m y mdly, lmd. i l yg

g h h wg hl: Y dg hm d y g hm

h wg hl, h y y dd g h

d? n, i d h hylly l. th h mmm

ll wll. i h mmm dg ll wll, v h

md h wld d.

My lm D d slm slm lm D w h w hd

ly gvm h w mlly dd, i my y

mldly, w h nl cg py d h spLM (h h d

h ), l h h h mvm w ld. th

w 20 mvm, xmly, wh w d jy 2007. W,

gh wh hm, gh dw v d h h d h w

v. b v v mvm y g wh v d

d gvm.

o w y g hm m h l wh mm .

ad h m h d . Wh w h w hgh h h

w-hg, wlh-hg d y (dmm h jwd)

hy w lly d. s w d y h h y hv

20, gh, v mvm, h hy hd h m . ad

h y hm, Why d y m h l? Y m h

w: Wh m ? Wh h wh ld h dlg?

ad h wh vl y m . i mdd hm wh l hm d h vllg wd h.

s gh g hm h l. o hy h, hy ll hv

hv h mmm ll wll hv l.


58/67

56

DA: This question says that the United Nations and international law is largely

based on Western models. Is there any effort to recognize or incorporate

local African or Asian models of conflict prevention and peacebuilding in

the conflicts we face today? If so, do you have any examples?

je: i w gl m. i h h y dg

d gh w, mly h hm gh, ly ,

v v g W, h d. im vy wd

h i h h vly h vl d h

uvl Dl Hm rgh.

i w d h Gl amly wh h

Dm d ll v h wld. ilm md, dlg, m

m d d, Y hv v h whl l hm gh. W

hv hv gh h v lg.

ad i d, F, i dd y m. b i ll y, mw

i d y d, i wll mmdly hv m h W w

gh h dm h , dm x.

W hv lly ggl w m h w d h vly

h l. th d m h y hw ll vy,

d h h h . b wh m h m

h w gd 1948, w hld hm. i wld

xmly dd v d ly w

ll t h m h h.

DA: Do you see any progress in the Israeli-Palestinian situation? Also,

is the United Nations going to take any action against Israel since more

civilians than military combatants died in the recent massacre in Gaza?

je: o h lg , i m vy hy h pd om h h

v ly h dy mv h d wd wld

l. i h h pd cl d pd bh gh h

il-pl h l y h d wh h w


59/67

57

-l , d h lly y l h dy. s im vy gld

h m g gh . i h h w il gvm wll mv

h , hgh dd l vy mg l dy

g. nw h L py h d h l. i d w whh h

wll ld ly h g. i h .

My m h i d h w wll hv h il-pl

l l h l d h m h l h

h gh hg d d l l d h h

lghd l-. oly wh w hv h m d wll

h l h l. pl w d h v l

h ud s. th ud s h ly g m d.

im y y h ud n llv d hv h gh,

h wh h il wh h a wld. th e u d

hv h dg. th gl l y il. s,

h ud s d h w d h wh i h hv .

th l lly dl, h hl l; d

h gh ll wll. i w mg g h , h

h wld wll hg vy v d. i y vl

ll v h ilm d a wld, l v a, h m

. s w hv h , wh h d

il l gh x d y, l h h

pl hv gh ld h lm h h w l

wh lm wh m lgmy h m ld. th hv

lvd h , m lvd h . th lm h y hv

ddd h h vy ml lg d h dm, lly

d jlm, h m dl.

o h h , i d l h vy h gh l-d

d d h w ly h L d h Gz . b i l y wh v, d hvg ld ll h

lwy i , h h il w d d h

vl d hvy h l. i vy d. i dd

m d il h h w h . i h h m h il


60/67

58

hmlv dl wh h d i w h vg gg

h . uly, wll h Hm rgh cl, whh

y il d l y h ud s, m dg ghly, h

vy l d my -il. b h m h il hmlv

dl wh , h . a l, y hv hv h w m d

g l hg d lg hg.

DA: What forces or factions at the United Nations are inhibiting cooperative

settlement of Darfur, and how may such opposition be resolved?

je: th wll D l h h gh

lvl. Y hv hv l dg y h ud

n sy cl, d h, h h m d w

h ud s d ch. sdly, y d hv gh wh

l lm, d h y gh chd, Ly, egy

d e. th h h y hv hv d chd

lly. i h d wld l l h m wh hy g

hm, hy wll h h d w chd d sd w

d y l 1885 bl. th Zghw h d. ad

y d hv d mlz w chd d sd, y

wll hv D. thdly, h gvm h hv d

. i d l mhg h lm w h nl

cg py d h spLM, h y h h. Lly, h mvm

d gh gh d hv d .

th y lg l, ? ad wg y h ,

y hm, w w hv . th why mly g. i

d h iv v hd hylly d mlly m dmdg l

dl wh h h 18 mh i wd D. th w lwy

mhg wg y h , whh xdd d ll xd h

l. ad w w ld hv l hm .

DA: Are there any groups or individuals in Darfur representing the

women who have been raped? And then the final question: In the

darkest moments you have witnessed, what is something that keeps

you going? Why do you continue to do this?


61/67

59

je: i lly g h m w w h h

m, h wm w h m, d h w d h w

wd hv h wm h m. th h x m, h wm

w h h m w g h q. i d, n, i

w hv h wm i hm, i hy w

q hy mhg i y. ad lly h h d

h gd. ad h w l d hm ly. th m w

g hm, h m w ld h l lv.

i mm lg wm. i ld hdly h wd h w yg,

h w hmd ll h y . ad i mm h 17-y-

ld y wh ld h h h g h dg

hg d h mh d g d, d h hm h h l. W

hd my m hm. Wh w l m h wm gz

D, hy w xmly vl. W m hm d h m, d

vl hm m khm.

Wh i mm h m w v vllg h h

whh w ld, wh v h rd c ld g. W ldd h,

d h l h h hld w gy. thy h

hg d lmd m wh i g dw my l hm

i hd 10 hld hgg ll v m, i w l chm . ad h

i hd wm m mhg h gd, d i d, Wh

y mg?

ad hy w mg, W, w, w. thy hd wl w

h g w, d h gh dy w gv h hld.

ad i d l wh hd hm. s, w hd h v.

nw, wh m gg? th w x my l w sml 1992 h w h w iv v h w m dh

lg h d. ad i mm mg h hl, h ll l

h w hd h uniceF [ud n chld Fd] m whh

w h l w hd h d wh hd dd


62/67

60

dg h gh. i w hl. W hd mll g h hld d g

g h dl. i m h mdl m h w ih d, i

h, d ky d ll sml . thy w h m

l 7 l h mg 11 l gh. i d hm, Y

, im md.

ad hy d, Y w, h gy wh hv d h dmg, d

h h l, d y h h hy wll l m m w? shld

i l? shld i ? th v i hv g m. ad

h g i m .

s iv d dl myl. id mg ll d lg

h, i hl g .

Wh i w 26 y ld, i d w h ld my l vy gly.

o w Dg Hmmld Waymarks ld mg, h

l wym. H wd w , ll . i

dd hm v dy h i dd g 26.

th d i d w bd rll ghy. i h-

vlm w d wy, y d hv d ll h. H w h

ghy h g 85, d h l h l, whh w

vy h l: , mhm, hlh, h, v,

h mg vy v l. H l h l d w

lg d q g. H w wh h d hm, wh

h dv hm h l.

th gh, im lg mly, d l h. th ,

ml vwhlmgly g, hv gvd my l: h lgg lv,

h h wldg, d l y h g md.

th l g wd hv lw m, hh d hh, wywd, v gh, hg h vy vg d.


63/67

61

rELATED rEsOurCEs

2005 World Summit. www..g/mm2005/

Anna Lindh Memorial Fund. www.ldhmd.m

Convention relating to the Status of Refugees.

www.hh.h/hml/m3//__.hm

Eliasson, Jan. elhg t h Hl: pvv Dlmy d hF h ud n.Preventive Diplomacy: Stopping Wars Before TheyStart. ed. kv M. chll. rvd d udd ed. nw Y: tyl &F, i., 2000.

Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre.www.l-dlm.g

International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect.

www.ly.g

International Committee of the Red Cross.www..g

United Nations Charter.www..g//dm/h/

United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime.www.d.g

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on Women,

Peace and Security.www..g/v/_1325.d

United Nations Security Council Resolution 1820 on Women and

Peace and Security.www..gv/dm/gz/106577.d

i d h h g 26 d i h y w m 2 l h

mg d i wld mm h, i d w. i y y h lgg

lv. i y y h h wldg. i y y h l y

h g md. b i d y d. ad i d y

gh. i wld h y y dm d mhg

h d h w w wg d h w d mv. s

y h i w h y vg m s Dg.


64/67

62

ABOuT ThE unIVErsITY OF sAn DIEgO

chd 1949, h uvy s Dg (usD) rm chl

hgh lg ld 180 vlg s Dg

M by. th uvy s Dg mmd mg dm

xll, xdg ll d l wldg, g dv

mmy d g ld ddd hl d m v.

usD d dd h xm h chl d

h g h mg my l. Gll

d dvlm d h l h d vl xmd

hgh m d h h j b. k i

p & j, h Vl i, h t-bd i, h c

pl i Lw, h i Lw d phlhy d h il

c ch ed. Fhm, hgh l m v

h h sl i c, h jm bd sdl Ldh

d eh symm d h j b. k Dghd L s,

w v h mmy h xl h vl.

i y, usD h hd my dghd g ldg nl

p l d m pd jmmy c d o a, sm

c , ud n d ud s gvm l wll

md m d h wld. i 1996, h vy

hd pdl D w dd bll cl d b Dl.

th usD m, dd h m hlly q h

, w all p. L h y s Dg, h m

m m s Dg d all, F h wh vd h

m all d H, my Mdd, s. th sh

r h h hz h v-y ld uvy

all v h h ldg h uvy

s Dg m. th h w dd y h d, bh

chl F bddy d Mh rl Hll, h h h


65/67

63

h hgh y d hmy. r dd, h h --

h- Dld p. shly c s d thlgy d h w

shl Ldh d ed s ldg y h d.

a mm h g ph b k, usD d mg h

100 v. usD 7,500 dgd, gd

d lw d g dm gm m h 60 ld dy

hgh x dm dv, ldg h cllg a d s d

h hl b adm, Ldh d ed s,

Lw, ng d Hlh s, d p sd.


66/67

gIVE ThE gIFT OF PEACE

Support the Joan B. Kroc Institute for Peace & Justice

Yo ca ppot te edcatioal, eeac ad peacemaki activitie of te

Joa B. Koc Ititte fo Peace & Jtice by maki a ece, tax-dedctible,

olie doatio at ttp://peace.adieo.ed o maili te doatio fom

below wit a ceck payable to:

Joa B. Koc Ititte fo Peace & Jtice

uiveity of sa Dieo

5998 Alcal Pak, sa Dieo, CA 92110-2492

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

__ i wld l h i Ldh cl wh g $1,000 m d v

v l d v.

__ My g $1,500 m ld g h usD pd cl d h

i Ldh cl.

__ i wld l h i gm wh g :

__ $500 __ $250 __ $100 __ $50 oh $______________________

__ eld h my g__ s d d m lw

pl hg my d d: __amex __Dv __Mcd __V

a. # _________________________________________________ex. _____________________

sg_________________________________________________________________________

nm _________________________________________________________________________

add __________________________________________________________________________

cy/s/Z/cy _____________________________________________________________

ph (Dy) ( ____ ) _______________________ (ev) ( ____ ) __________________________

eml ____________________________________________________________________________

__ pl dd m y mlg l m i gm d mg v.


67/67

Jan Eliasson -- Armed Conflict: The Cost to Civilians

Documents

Transcript of Jan Eliasson -- Armed Conflict: The Cost to Civilians