Report of the Committee on

Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting

Brian Boucher, Chair Air Canada Pilots Assn., NY [L]

J • a h n Cedric Black, BAA pie - Heathrow Airport Ltd, England [U] ph Colet, John Russo Industrial Inc., CA [M]

Robert J. Donahue, Massport Fire Dept., MA [U] David A. Enz, Tuscon Airport Authority, AZ [U]

Rep. Airports Council International, Inc., North America Kenneth 1L Gilllam, Federal Aviation Administration, FL [E] Fred B. Goodnight, Amerex Corp., AL [M]

Rep. Fire Equipment Mfrs. Assn. B. V. Hewes, Airport Safety Services, GA [SE] JDames 1L Johnson Jr., Emergency One, Inc., FL [M]

• Steve Kiernan, Nat'l Foam, Inc./Williams Holdings, PA [M] L. M. Krasner, Factory Mutual Research Corp., MA [I] Dave Lenz, Oshkosh Truck Corp., WI [M] Paul S. Meyer, Hartsfield Atlanta Int'l. Airport, GA [U] Don Minnis, Air Transport Assn., DC [U] John J. O'Sullivan, British Airways, England [C] Gaetan Perron, Nat'l Defense Headquarters (CFFM-2), Canada [U] Thomas Phillips, Airline Pilots Assn., PA [L] Hugh A. Pike, U.S. Air Force Fire Protection, FL [U] Lee W. Prazer, Akron Brass Co., OH [M] Richard M. Radford, Emirate of Abu Dhabi United A. Emirates [E] Michael D. Reagan, Los Angeles City Fire Dept., CA [U] Robert G. Relyea, ARFF Working Group, "IX [M] John F. Rooney, Tucson, AZ [SE] Joseph L. Scheffey, Hughes Assoc., Inc., MD [SE] lohn M. Schuster, 3M Co., MN [M] ernard Valois, Transport Canada, Canada [E]

Pare Walden-Phillips, The Port Authority of NY & NJ, NY [U] Rep. American Assn. of Airport Executives

Nigel Wheeler-Osman, United Kingdom Civil Aviation Auth. [E] Ronald O. Wikander, Lockheed Martin Aeronautical Systems, GA [M] Larry E. Williams, Rural/Metro Corp., AZ [SE] Joseph A. Wright, Federal Aviation Administration Tech Ctr., NJ [RT]

Alternates

All Zaid Mohamed AI Balushi, Directorate General of Civil Aviation & Meteorology, Seeb [E]

(Alt. to R. M. Radford) Charlie L. Duncan, Atlanta Fire Dept., Aitanta Airport, GA [U]

(Alt. to P. S. Meyer) Roy F. Engelbrecht, Emergency One, Inc., FL [M]

(Alt. to J. IL Johnson) Christopher Farnaby, United Kingdom Civil Aviation Authority, England ~[E]

(Alt. to N. Wbeeler-Osman) James Hotell, U.S. Air Force, FL [U]

(Alt. to H. A. Pike) Frank M. E. Hughes, British Airways, England [C]

(Alt. to J. J . O'Sullivan) Richard B. Mills, Akron Brass Co., OH [M]

(Alt. to L. W. Prazer) Gaetan Morinville, Canadian Forces Dept. of National Defence, Canada [U]

(Ait to G. Perron) James F. O'Regan, O'Regan Consulting, MA [M]

(Air. to R. Colet) Richard E. Ottman, 3M, MN [M]

(Alt. to J. M, Schuster) Michelle Peatross, Hughes A~soc., Inc., MD [SE]

(Alt. toJ. L. Scheffey) Lawrence V. Powers, Massport Fire Rescue Dept., MA [U]

(Ah. to IL J. Donahue)

Paul R. Robinson, Chattanooga, TN [L] (Ait. to T. Phillips)

William Savage, BAA, plc - Heathrow Airport Ltd, England [U] (Alt. to J. C. Black)

Gary T. Schott, Omaha Airport Authority, NE [M] (Alt. to 1L G. Reylea)

Bonnie Wilson, Airports Council Int'l. North America, DC [U] (AlL to D. A. Enz)

Nonvoting

Mark Day, Carmichael Int'l Ltd, England Gary Hammack, U.S. Nat'l Transportation Safety Board(TE-10), DC

(Alt. to L. D. Roman) Paul O. Huston, Paul Huston & Assoc., AL Thomas J. Lett, Albuquerque Fire &'Safety Assoc., NM [SE]

(Member Emeritus) John E. Lodge, Lodge Fire Protection Consultancy Ltd, England

(Member Emeritus) Lawrence D. Roman, U.S. Nat'l Transportation Safety Board, DC David F. Short, Charlton Kings, Cheltenharn, England

Staff Liaison: Mark T. Conroy

Committee Scope: This Committee shall have primary responsibility for documents on aircraft rescue and fire-fighting services and equipment, for procedures for handling aircraft fire emergencies, and for specialized vehicles used to perform these functions at airports, with particular emphasis on saving lives and reducing injuries coincident with aircraft fires following impact or aircraft ground fires. This Committee also shall have responsibility for documents on aircraft hand fire extinguishers and accident prevention and the saving of lives in future aircraft accidents involving fire.

This list represents the membership at the time the Committee was balloted on the text of this edition. Since that time, changes in the membership may have occurred. A key to dassifwations is found at the front of this book.

This portion of the Technical Committee Report of the Committee on Aircraft Rescue and Fire F'~ghtlng is presented for adoption.

This Report on Comments was prepared by the Technical Committee on Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting and documents its action on the comments received on its Report on Proposals on NFPA 405-1999, Standard for the Proficiency of Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting Personnel as published in the Report on Proposals for the 1999 (Spring) May Meeting.

The document when adopted will be retitled Recommended Practice for the Recurring Proficiency Training of Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting.

This Report on Comments has been submitted to letter ballot of tile Technical Committee on Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting, which consists of 31 voting members; of whom 26 voted al~rmafively, 1 abstained (Mr. Johnson) and 4 ballots were not returned, (Messrs. Minnis, Schuster, Wikander, and Wright).

Mr. Johnson abstained stating: I have only been on the committee a brief period of time and my

involvement has been primarily with NFPA 414 rather than 405.

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(Log #1) 405- 1 - (Title): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: John F. Rooney, Tucson, AZ COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 405-86 RECOMMENDATION: Change title of document to: "Standard For The Proficiency Of Aircraft Rescue And Fire Fighting At Airports" SUBSTANTIATION: Title of a document should reflect the content of the text. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. Change title of document to :

Recommended Practice for the Recurring Proficiency Training of Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: A Recommended Practice is a document similar in content and structure to a code or standard but contains only nonmandatory provisions using the word "should" to indicate recommendations in the body of the text. This document is more appropriate as a Recommended Practice.

(Log #7) 405- 2 - (Entire Document): Reject SUBMITTER: Henry Morse, Fire Service Testing Co., Inc. COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 405-86 RECOMMENDATION: Document clearly impinges on the Scope of NFPA 1003. Recommend review of the approval of dais project. Suggest that NFPA 405 committee be asked to work with NFPA 1003 committee under purview of NFPA 1003 which was certainly there first. SUBSTANTIATION: Document clearly impinges on the Scope of NFPA 1003. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: NFPA 405, Recommended Practice for the Recurring Profldency Training of Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting, is not in conflict with NFPA 1003, Standard for Airport Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications. The comment provides no recommended changes to the text.

(Log #8) 405- 3 - (Entire Document): Reject SUBMITTER: David R. Fischer, NV State Fire Marshals Office COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 405-86 RECOMMENDATION: The document seems to cover the same areas as NFPA 1003, Professional Qualifications for Airport Firefighters. I believe the committee needs to reevaluate their document and determine if it is necessary. Additionally, dais is a training standard, however, it does not have a 1400 number. SUBSTANTIATION: This standard covers the same material as covered in NFPA 1003, Professional Qualifications for Airport Fire Fighter. This standard already exists in the NFPA 1003 document. In addition the new NFPA 1003 document is written inJPR's. This document is not. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee feels the NFPA 405, Recommended Practice for the Recurring Proficiency Training of Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting, and NFPA 1003, Standard for Airport Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications, cover different a r e a s ,

(Log #9) 405- 4 - (Entire Document): Reject SUBMITTER: Hugh A. Pike, US Air Force COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 405-86 RECOMMENDATION: The document is in conflict with and overlaps NFPA 1003. SUBSTANTIATION: This document should be sent back to the committee, NFPA 1003 establishes the criteria for Airport Fire Fighters. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee feels the NFPA 405, Recommended Practice for the Recurring Proficiency Training of Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting, and NFPA 1003, Standard for Airport Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications, cover different a F e a s ,

(Log #11 ) 405- 5 - (Entire Document): Accept in Principle SUBMITrER: Pam Walden-Phillips, American Assn. of Airport Executives COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 40586 RECOMMENDATION: NFPA 405 should be a Recommended Practice. SUBSTANTIATION: All airports vary rather significantly in both size and purpose. Many countries and /o r authorities having jurisdiction have developed training standards and proficiencies for initial and recurrent training of ARFF personnel based on documents from a variety of sources includin~ ACI, AAAE, ICAO, IFSTA, NFPA 1003, FEMA, etc. By making this document a recommended practice, it allows airports to utilize this comprehensive document and tailor it to their needs. If this moves forward as a standard, it will be met with rejection due to its "cookie cutter" approach that all airports shall apply the standard as written.

Some examples of its "cookie cutter" approach include: 1. Paragraph 1-2: Requires airports to comply with NFPA 1003.

Many airports cannot and do not meet the NFPA 1003; 2. Paragraph 2-3(c): Requires airports to comply with NFPA

403. Most airports cannot and do not meet the NFPA 403; 3. Paragraph 2-3(e): Requires ARFF crews to communicate

directly with flight crews. Although this is an advisable practice, without the cooperation and assistance of ATC, the availability of frequencies as well as language issues may delay or negate its implementation;

4. Paragraph 5-3(c)8: This requires ARFF personnel to demonstrate cylinder recharging. At some airports this function may be carried out by others.

5. Paragraph 6-2(d): Many airports rely on mutual aid agreements with experts in Hazmat to operate and analyze monitoring devices;

6. Paragraph 6-3: Most airports rely on mutual aid agreements with Hazmat experts to handle decontamination at an incident;

7. Paragraph 7-1.1: Many ARFF personnel rely on others for required maintenance of communications systems;

8. Paragraph 7-2(b) and (c): Same comment as #7. 9. Paragraph 8-3: Most ARFF personnel rely on mechanics for

these functions. The comments are not meant to imply that some airports may

not include items in NFPA 405 into their training proficiencies, however, if the intent is to make NFPA 405 a comprehensive training program document, it should be a recommended practice to allow authorities having jurisdiction the ability to adapt the document to their particular circumstances, policies, etc. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Action taken on Comment 405-12 (Log #2).

(Log #12) 405- 6 - (Entire Document): Reject SUBMITrER: David T. Endicott, Prince William County Fire & Rescue COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 405-86 RECOMMENDATION: Withdraw document until changes in the Scope and content can be made to eliminate the conflict with NFPA 1003. SUBSTANTIATION: The Scope and content of the proposed document as written directly conflicts with NFPA 1003, Standard for Airport Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications. Much of the content appears to be taken from a previous edition of NFPA 1003 before it was changed to Job Performance Requirements (JPR) format. At a joint task group meeting between representatives of the Technical Committee on Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications and the Airport Committee the following points were agreed to:

1. The scope, purpose and objectives of the NFPA 405 document should be reviewed to ensure it applies to the ARFF airport facility operator to ensure that ARFF services maintain proficiency.

2. NFPA 1003 describes the job performance requirements for ARFF fire fighters. NFPA 1002 describes the JPR's for operators of ARFF vehicles.

3. NFPA 405 provides the criteria to be used by the airport operator to maintain proficiency of ARFF services.

4. NFPA 1003 will not address requirements of facility operators. 5. Where voids axe identified in the contents of JPR's in NFPA

1003 the NFPA 405 committee will suggest additions or

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modifications to assure that t he requirements for ARFF fire fighters are complete.

As a result of that agreement, I evaluated the proposed document and found the number and types of required changes to be vast and beyond our ability to perform. They more appropriately fall to the committee charged with producing the document. Wherever the objectives identify the "ARFF firefighter" the language should be chan~ged to identify that "the facility operator shall assure the training program indudes the following subjects or materials" or other language that clearly indicates the requirements are for training program content, not the professional competence criteria of Airport Fire Fighters.

I believe the desire of the committee could be accomplished by simply requiring the Airport Fire Fighter to recertify or participate in a training program that requires them to perform eachJPR periodically according to NFPA 1003. The cOatentsXof NFPA 405 should be modified to contain both the curriculum design for a training program and evaluation tools to accomplish that recerfification. TheJPR's in NFPA 1005 provide the framework that can be used for training scenarios in that training program. I suggest that the committee use the structure of NFPA 1003 to organize the contents of NFPA 405, providing g~nidance to airport "managers and others in the specific contents of an instruction Grogram necessary to satisfy each JPR.

OMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. Changes have been made to eliminate possible conflicts.

The following points were made by the submitter followed by the Committee's responses:

1. Thescope, purpose and objectives of the NFPA 405 document should be reviewed to ensure it applies to the ARFF airport facility operator to ensure that ARFF services maintain proficiency. The .t~ommittee reviewed the scope and purpose and revised these in order to correlate with NFPA 1003.

2. NFPA 405 provides the j o b performance requirements for ARFF fire fighters. NFPA 1002 describes the JPR's for operators of ARFF vehicles. NFPA 405 does not address job performance.

3. NFPA 405 provides the criteria to be used by the airport operator to mmntain proficiency of ARFF services. NFPA 405 provides the recommendations to be, used by theairport operator to maintain proficiency of ARFF service~

4. NFPA 1003 will not address requirements of facility operators. NFPA 405 addresses recommendations for facility ooerators.

5. Where voids are identified in the contents of JPR's in NFPA 1003 the NFPA 405 committee will suggest additions or modifications to assure that the requirements for ARFF fire fighters are complete. Work will continue in order to correlate the two documents. The joint task group is expected to provide ~p3MMiTrEEropriate recommendations to the two committees.

STATEMEHT: See Committee Action taken on Comment 405-12 (Log #'2).

(Log #10) 405- 7 - (Entire Document): Accept in Principle SUBMITTER: David A. EOz, Airports Council Int'l North America COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 405-86 RECOMMENDATION: NFPA 405 should be reconsidered and ultimately promulgated as a "Recommended Practice." SUBSTANTIATION: Draft document appears it may well be non- compliant with Federal ADA and complementing state legislation as regards to Sections 2-2, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, and 2-7. ~uch non- compliance would also entail non-compliance with NFPA Publishing Guidelines.

The Airports Council International-North America (ACI-NA) represents local, regional and state governing bodies that own and operate commercial airports in the United States and Canada. ACI-NA member airports enplane more than 90 percent of the domestic and virtually all the international airline l~assenger and cargo traffic in North America. This membership is the "regulated" provider of the ARFF services proposed in NFPA 405 and as such is one of the most "materially affected interest categories" - not only individually and collectively, but for the customer base they serve - the aviation public.

ACI-NA understands and supports the need for training materials for ARFF personnel but ACI-N~A is not willing to support a ' Standard"as proposed in NFPA 405. Airport operauons vary significantly from location to location and it is essential that ARFF personnel be trained to respond to incidents at their individual facilities, using their equipment, under the command of their leadership personnel. NFPA 405 includes a particularly useful outline o f subject material that training officers might utilize to develop airport sFecific lesson plans and should be made available

for that Purpose. Unfortunately, NFPA 405 also includes job tasks from a multiplicity of job descriptiom that are extraneous to the ARFF function as well as tasks that are often effectively contracted out, secured through mutual aid or other amilalng arrangement.

The "labefing" requirement listed in NFPA 405, Sections 2-2, 2-4, 2-7 and the "written examination" requirements contained in Sections 2-5 and 2-6, may well be non-compliant with Federal ADA and complementing state legislation. Consequently, these requirements would also appear to be non-compfiant with NFPA

• Publishing Guidelines for any type of a document. Thruugliout NTPA 405 frequent utilization of highly subjective

terminology--inherent of personalized perceptions----occurs; Section 3-2(e) proper use of;, Section 8-2(0 properly open and operate; Section 4-2(h) proper donning and wearing; Section 5-1 properly identify, maintain, and utifize; Section 5-2 proper wearing, maintenance and purpose; Section 6-1 propedy identify;, Section 7- 1 properly identify and operate;, Section 7.L1 proper use; Section 8-5 sufficient knowledge and skill; Section 9-1 proper selection and application; Section 9-2 proper choice and appfication; Section 10- 1 comprehensive knowledge; Section 12-2(b), (d), (f), (g), (h), (i) proper technique; etc. There is a total absence of defined criteria of measurement within the document to which this subjective terminology can be compared. Lacking defined criteria enjoying wide acceptance, the necessary consensus for a "Standard" appears absent. In fact, Sections 1-6, 12-2.1 and A-l-6 are more argumentative for a "Recommended Practice" than a "Standard" and as indicated in Section 1-$ the application intent is for a "model" not a specifically cloned, exacting duplication.

:section 1-6 and 12-2.1 of NTPA 405 clearly indicate that measurable standards are to be vested solely in local jurisdictions while Section A-l-6 states evaluations are to be based upon objectives and tasks applicable to a given airport's ARFF operations (which also raises the appropriateness of Section 19- 2(d) when compared with the content of Section ~-1). Inherent here is the appfication of a variety of judgments, philmophies and approaches that may well endorse, negate, delete, neutralize or otherwise modify the contents of the document w such licenser properly equates to a modeling recommendation and not a m~__ _datory application. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Principle. 1.Change 2-2, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, and 2-7 to read as follows:

2-2 Maps. The ARFF personnel, given a map of the airport and vicinity, eg~ll- should idenlffyand-labeg the following feature~

(a) All runways, their designations and associated aircraft travel direction, and lengths and width

(b) Access r o a d s (c) Taxiways and their designations (d) Aircraft ramps/parking areas (e) Frangible gate locations (f) Instrument landing system (ILS) critical areas (g) Designated aircraft isolation areas (h) Controlled access points (i) Predesignated staging areas (j) Airport facilities (terminals, hangars, and so forth) (k) Wa/er supplies

2-4 Airport Mai'kings. ARFF personnel, given a diagram of the runway and taxiway system, ~ a t t l - ~ identify the following airport markings:

(a) Color of runway markings (b) Color of taxiway markings (c) Hold bars (lines) (d) Displaced thresholds (e) Aiming point/landing zone bars

2-5 Lighting. C".=: :. " - - ~ : :==r-2=_:.~:.-: The ARFF personnel shalgshmdd ldentLCy the color code system or location, or both for the following:.

(a) Runway center line and edge lighting (b) Taxiway center line and edge lighting (c) Runway threshold lights (d) Runway departure end lights (e) Obstruction lighting (f) Visual slope indicator lights

2-6 Signage. C:':~: = ; ; ~ e " er.~_-==..~=~c=, The ARFF personnel shall- should identify the slgnage system for the airport.

2-7 Airport Traffic. Given a map of the airport, ARFF personnel shall- should ~ , - m ~ l - identify all motor vehicle traffic routes and the traffic flow system of the airport, including vehicle parking and storage areas. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The changes to the text were made with consideration to those with certain disabilities.

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(Log #6) 405- 8 - (1-1 Scope): Reject SUBMITrEPa John F. Rooney, Tucson, AZ COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 405-86 RECOMMENDATION: Reword paragraph to read:

"This Standard contains the minimum performance criteria which an Aircraft Rescue And Fire Fighting (ARFF) Administrator shall apply to ensure that the airport's ARFF service maintains proficiency." SUBSTANTIATION: The responsibility for proficient airport ARFF service should be placed on the Administrator rather than rank and fde personnel. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Action taken on Comment 405-12 (Log #2).

(Log #4) 405- 9 - (1-2, 2nd paragraph): Reject SUBMITTER: John F. Rooney, Tucson, AZ COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 405-86 RECOMMENDATION: Delete entire paragraph and move concept to 3-1. SUBSTANTIATION: Text should be condensed and moved to 3- 1 where subject matter is more suitable. COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: See Committee Action taken on Comment 405.12 (Log #2).

(Log #5) 405. 10 - (1-2 Purpose): Reject SUBMITTER: John F. Rooney, Tucson, AZ COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 405-86 RECOMMENDATION: Delete last sentence of paragraph. SUBSTANTIATION: Statement is t:edundant. Material is emphasized earlier in the paragraph. COMMITrEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: Insufficient information. Section 1- 2 contains two paragraphs. The Committee was not clear as to which paragraph the submitter was addressing.

(Log #3) 405- 11 - (1-3): Reject SUBMITrER: John F. Rooney, Tucson, AZ COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 405-86 RECOMMENDATION: Revise paragraph to read:

"ARFF personnel applicants at airports shall meet the performance objectives and requirements contained in NFPA 1003, "Standa,r,d For Airport Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications at the time of their assignment. Thereafter, the ARFF Administrator shall establish and maintain the necessary recurring training and evaluation that will ensure that the ARFF service consistently meets the requirements of this Standard. Any program used for recurrent evaluation of the ARFF service must be equal to or exceed the requirements of this Standard and NFPA 1003". SUBSTANTIATION: This revision combines similar topics in current 1-3 and paragraph 2 of 1-2. COMMITTEE ACTION: Reject. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The second paragraph of Section 1- 2 covers this material adequately.

A 9 9 R O C

(Log #2) 405- 12 - (2-1 through 16-1): Accept in Principle SUBM1TrER: J o h n F. Rooney, Tucson, AZ COMMENT ON PROPOSAL NO: 405-86 RECOMMENDATION: Revise the opening statement at the beginning of each Chapter (General) to begin with the phrase:

"This Chapter identifies the knowledge, skills and procedures to...". Complete the individual paragraphs in a manner that appropriately describes the content of the chapter. SUBSTANTIATION: This change of text needs to follow if there is a change of text in Section 1-1 Scope. COMMITTEE ACTION: Accept in Prindple. 1. Revise 1-1, 1-2, 1-4 and 2-1 as follows:

1-1 Scope. This recommended practice contains the recommended performance criteria which an authority having jurisdiction over ARFF maintains proficiency and effective ARFF at airports.

1-2 This s t a n d a ~ recommended oractice is intended for the use of those charged .with maintaining ~RFF services at airports and establishes the basis for a recurring training program that focuses on measurable performance criteria. This stmidar~ recommended

addresses the development of effective, coordinated aircraft rescue and fire control operations with a minimum exposure to risk for participants and the environment. Results of evaluations conducted in accordance with the r¢qu l reme .~

of this ~mdar-~ recommended nractice shag should be recorded and maintained by means of adocumented management system. Continuous broad based training is fundamental to maintaining a proficient ARFF delivery system at airports.

ARFF personnel at airports shall-should meet the performance objectives and requirements contained in NFPA 1005, Standard for Airport Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications, prior to assignment and thereafter sl~it-should receive necessary recurring training that will enable them to consistently meet the r=q=':=m=a= recommendations of this s t a n d a ~ recommended R£ggi.g¢.. ~ ' : . . . . a~..~ A^v. . . . . , . ^ • " " ~ t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fr=fic:c:c7 rcqu:r=mcm~

1-4 General. E ~ h evaluation of skills and knowledge as recommended by this :~.".a.~ra.d. =h~! recommended nractice should be conducted at retmlar interwals by a designated qualified evaluator.(~), appointed by the authority having jurisdiction.

All evaluations shatl- should be performed in a competent manner and each objective st-mIt- should be met in its entirety.

2-1 General. This chapter identifies the knowledge and skills • ,.~, . . . . . . . . . . . . . ~1.~. ~. . . . . . . "1 . . . . . :.~a recommended to maintain f:.r...'l~ar'za'd~= comp¢te.ncc proficiency in airport familiarization compete::ce. ARFF personnel shall-should ~ have a thorough knowledge of the airport and its immediate surrounding area under all operating conditions. This is fundamental in achieving a rapid response by ARFF personnel and equipment to the critical rescue and firefightin~ area.

2. Change "shall" to "should", standard" to "recommended practice" and "requirement" to "recommendation" throughout the document. COMMITTEE STATEMENT: The Committee felt that the document is more appropriate as a recommended practice.

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The following draft of NFPA 405, Recommended Practice for the Recurring Proficiency Trainlng of Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting, 1999, incorporates the Committee Actions on the Public and Committee Comments which make up the Report on Comments and which a[~pear on the preceding pages. The draft is presented only as an aid to the reviewer.

NFPA 405

Recommended Practice for the Recurrln. g Proficiency Training of Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting (ROC 405-1)

1999 Edition

NOTICE: An asterisk (*) following the number or letter designating a paragraph indicates that explanatory'material on the paragraph can be found in Appendix A.

Information on referenced publications can be found in Chapter 17 and Appendix B.

Chapter 1 Administration

1-1 Scope. This recommended practice contains the recommended performance criteria which an authority having jurisdiction over ARFF maintains proficiency and effective ARFF at airports. (ROC 405-12)

1-2 This sm-nda~ recommerl~ted practice is intended for the use of those charged with maintaining ARFF services at airports and establishes the basis for a recurring training program that focuses on measurable performance criteria. This recommended nractice addresses the development of effective, coordinated aircraft rescue and fire control operations with a minimum exposure to risk for participants and the environmen~. -':':" Results of evaluations conducted in accordance with the .:i:::,i • . . . . . ~.,~..: . . . . . . . ~...~_~ recommendat ions of this ~ .:-!~i~i~:..:~.%:. recommended Practice sl-m4t- should be recorded and "-:.-'.~:::::

maintained by means of a documented m a n a g e m e n t . ~ z : . . Continuous broad based training is fundamental to . ~ i n ~ n ~ a

~:" ~ : proficient ARFF delivery system at airports. ."-:~:: .~ ARFF personnel at airports st-raP,- should m . ~ : ~ . ' . ~ f o r m . a ~ c e

objectives and requirements contained in N ~ i i ~ " . ~ J ~ # : ' J b r Airport Fire Fighter Professional Qua~l~.ation~i~.~.)r to ~ : n t and thereafter ~ ~ . : ~ e ' ~ s " " " ' ~ . e c u r r i n g training that will enable them to co . ~ { ~ n d y : ~ t t h e ' : " ~ recommendat ions of t h i s : ~ d a r - ~ ~ r ~ c f i c e .

~ - - - ( R O C 405-

at ~ should be professional

12) "~i~.

1-3 Application. The provisions ":~0 ~&~O.levelsCUmentof considered fundamental to maintaini~ff" competence of ARFF services at airl~i~rts.

This document is intended to be adopted as a model for the development of a proficient in-service training program for ARFF personnel at airports.

1-4 General. ~ evaluation of skills and knowledge recommended by this ~*~.-~a.4.ar~ z~a!'! recommended

practice should be conducted at r e~dar intervals by a designated qualified evaluator._(.~ appointed by the anthority having jurisdiction.

All evaluations ~ should be performed in a competent manner and each objective ~ should be met in its entirety. (ROC 405-12). 1-5 Definitions.

Aircraft Accident. An occurrence associated with the operation of an aircraft that takes place between the time any person boards the aircraft with the intention of flight and until all such persons have disembarked and in which any person suffers death or serious injury or in which the mrcraft receives substantial damage.

Aircraft Incident. An occurrence, other than an accident, associated with the operation of an aircraft, that affects or could affect continued safe operation if not corrected. An incident does

not result in serious injury to persons or substantial damage to the aircraft.

ARFF Personnel. Personnel under the operational jurisdiction of the chief of the airport fire depar tment assigned to aircraft rescue and fire fighting.

Apl~roved.* Acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction.

Authority Having Jurisdiction.* The organization, office, or individual responsible for approving equipment, an installation, or a procedure.

Critical Rescue and Fire Fighting Access Area. The rectangular area surrounding a runway within which aircraft movements can be expected to occur on airports. Its width extends 500 ft (150 m) from each side of the runway centerline, and its length is 3,300 ft (1,000 m) beyond each runway threshold.

Evaluation Cri!..erla. The authority havingjurisdictlon t h ~ . . ~ a l ~ o n criteria for each objective or task to

~ c c o ~ e with Chapters 2 through 16 to ensure x ~ . . . d e a c b . ~ ass~ned mrcraft rescue an fire-

1-6" should establish be evaluated in accol competency for eacll fighUng duties•

1-6.1 Stmulau. .~¢~ substituted _ ~ n acl

.... anatidici~::"and illustrations sl-mtt-should be .a..b.stituted.:~ ~n a ~ ~ . ~ a t i o n is not feasible.

|'~:~'2 TWhem ~ this ~ recommended oractice the terms "...~=~edures, SUl?plies, apparatus, and equipment

rule~,~.'.~gula it ( ~ should be ~mplied that they are the terms of g jurisdiction.

~ 7 Record.:| .~ping. Records sections, including "general" ~..vidual daining records, sh~should be maintained for each ~ r s o n n e l and sl-mtt-shonld include the following:

ii ~-~:" Name of tile individual (b) Date of training (c) Subject covered and course methodology (d) Climatic conditions

..:.(e) Duration of training Instructor comments

":::'Ig f)) Performance evaluation (h) Name of instructor (i) Signature of student

Chapter 2 Airport Familiarization

2-1 General. This chapter identifies the k_,aowledge and skills =!~a!! 5e rcqu'rcci recommended to maintain airport familiarization compc:encc proficiency io airport familiarization cc..-~ctc.'~cc. ARFF personnel ~ should be required to

have a thorough knowledge of the airport and its immediate surrounding area under all operating conditions. This is fundamental in achieving a rapid response b~, ARFF personnel and equipment to the critical rescue and firefightang area. (ROC 405- 12)

9-2 Maps. The ARFF personnel, given a map of the airport and vicinity, sl-m/4- should identify ~ the following features:

(a) All runways, their designations and associated aircraft travel direction, and lengths and width

(b) Access roads (c) Taxiways and their designations (d) Aircraft ramps/parking areas (e) Frangible gate locations (f) Instrument landing system (ILS) critical areas (g) Designated aircraft isolation areas (h) Controlled access points i ) Predesignated staging areas ((j) Airport facilities (terminals, hangars, and so forth) (k) Water supplies (ROC 405-7)

2-3 Scenarios. Given a simulated incident/accident scenario, a radio, and a destination on the airport, ARFF personnel should safely perform the following:

(a) Communicate with ground control. (b) Obtain all necessary clearances. (c) Select the shortest and safest response route by safely arriving

at the designated point within specified times required in NFPA

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N F P A 4 0 5 - - A 9 9 R O C

403, Standard for Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Services at Airports, 7-1.3.

(d) Discharge agent. (e) Communicate directly by radio with a flight crew regarding

the aircraft emergency situation. 2-4 Airport Markings. ARFF personnel, given a diagram of the runway and taxiway system, ~ should label a ~ identify the following airport markings:

(a) Color of runway markings (b) Color of taxiway markings (c) Hold bars (lines) (d) Displaced thresholds (e) Aiming point/landing zone bars (ROC 405-7)

2-5 Lighting. C:.'c~ a -;--ttc.q cxz.~'aa~Ac.: The ARFF personnel shall- should identify the color code system or location, or both for the following:

(a) Runway center line and edge lighting (b) Taxiway center line and edge lighting (c) Runway threshold lights (d) Runway departure end lights (e) Obstruction lighting (f) Visual slope indicator lights (ROC 405-7)

2-6 Signage. C';'cn a ;;T',ttcn c::am'na'A~n, The ARFF personnel shag should identify the signage system for the airport. (ROC 405-7)

2-7 Airport Traffic. Given a map of the airport, ARFF personnel shag shou ld ~ identify all motor vehicle traffic routes and the traffic flow system of the airport, including vehicle parking and storage areas. (ROC 405-7)

Chapter 3 Aircraft Familiarization

3-1 General. This chapter identifies the skill and knowledge required to maintain aircraft familiarization competence. ARFF personnel require a thorough knowledge of all types of aircraft ~ '" : utilizing the airport. ~ , " ' i :

3-2 Criteria° ARFF personnel ~ should continuously "::'~ "~"'~"::~':: demonstrate proficiency in the following behaviors p ~ . . t o t"i~:~il types of aircraft regularly operating at the airport: ~ii:: i~ ~:':';~:~"

(a) Ide.tify the v rious types and models of i r i !hdin i e approximate number of passengers each are ~ ] ~ e ~ ar~#"

(b) Identify the categories of aircraft p r . o ~ o n s y s t ~ ' ~ ~ ~:.:::~.!~:.~ their assocmted hazards . . . . . . . . . . . . . iiii'~.~ - ~ ' . : : . (c) Identify major a i r c r a f t ~ c t ' ~ ' i ~ m p ~ using the

correct terms and n o m e n ~ i r e . ":~:".-":'i "~!:*'.-~.~.:~:':" (d) Describe m a t e r i a l ~ n a i r c ~ i c o n s t r u ~ and their

effects on fire and rescff~:"~on:g. ' .~ :~ ":~::~ (e) Demonstrate the p r o p e r ~ an aircraft familiarization

chart by identifying and d e s c r i b i g ~ ¢ following: 1. Location of normal entry d o ~ ' ~ . . . ~ e n c y exits, and

evacuation slides .:::~ 2. Fuel tanks .......-...~ 3. Passenger and flight crew coml6artments 4. Oil tanks 5. Hydraulic reservoirs 6. Oxygen cylinders 7. Batteries 8. Fuselage break-in points

(f) Demonstrate the ability to properly open and operate emergency exits.

(g) Demonstrate the ability to locate and operate various compartment and access doors.

(h) Locate and identify the following systems and components: 1. Various on-board fire protection warning and extinguishing

systems 2. Auxiliary power unit (APU) 3. Flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder 4. Brake and wheel systems (i) Identify and describe particular hazards unique to particular

aircraft.

Chapter 4 ARFF Personnel Safety

4-1 General. This chapter identifies the knowledge and skills required to assure ARFF personnel safety. Most ARFF operations involve an element of risk. To reduce this risk, ARFF personnel

require in-depth knowledge of the exposure to the hazards associated with their occupation through training and periodic testing of their knowledge and skills.

4-2 Criteria. ARFF personnel shall-should possess the knowledge to articulate accident prevention and safe work practices in the following areas:

(a) Most frequent types of fireground accidents (b) Cause of injuries in specific preceding incidents (cy Proper lifting techniques (d) How to avoid falls and tripping accidents (e) Inherent dangers associated with striking stationary or

moving objects (f) Hazards associated with horseplay (g) Injuries occurring from overexertion or other physiological

factors (h) Proper donning and wearing of protective clothing and

equipment (i) Safe mounting,.dismounting, and riding on apparatus

Basic driving ~ < ~ : (Ok)) Critical stress ~ ~:ement

~cate~:,near water) (w~ (I) Water safety ' ~

~ f ~ s Persd~Protec t ive Equipment ~ .~.,,....,.

:" !:; Ge " ~'~'~::'"~:" " ~ u i r e is c h a ~ d e n t i f i e s the knowledge and skills s rly id~'Ufy, maintain, and utilize personal

pro t~,~ " ~ ARFF personnel req ui re a n m tima te k n ~ S " ":"'~ protective equipment on which their lives

depend.

"~2 Prq Clothing and Equipment. ARFF personnel shal4- !';~ i te the proper wearing, maintenance, and purpose of ~ . g w i n g protective clothing and equipment:

(~]3oots (b) Gloves (c) Turnout coat (d) Turnout pants (e) Helmet

~-:~O Eye protection (g). Serf-contained breathing apparatus (SCBA) (h) Protective hoods (i) Specialized clothing (j) Hearing protection

5-$ Breathing Apparatus. ARFF personnel shall demonstrate and articulate the various systems and their purpose relative to their assigned breathing apparatus:

(a) The physiology of respiration 1. The respiratory system 2. The need for respiratory protection 3. Threshold limit values 4. Short-term exposure limits (b) Types of breathing apparatus assigned (c) Breathing apparatus procedures 1. Donning and doffing procedures 2. Safety precautions and emergency procedures 3. Decontamination/cleaning methods and procedures 4. Routine testing and maintenance 5. Care and maintenance of air cylinders 6. Breathing apparatus control procedures

7. Cylinder removal and replacement 8. Cylinder recharging

Chapter 6 Aircraft Cargo Hazards

w 6-1 General. This chapter identifies the kno ledge, skills, and procedures required of ARFF personnel to properly identify and safely migrate cargo hazards during emergencies. ARFF personnel shtdt- should demonstrate familiarity with the level of personal protection required for dealing with specific incidents.

6-2 Criteria. ARFF personnel shall-should demonstrate the following:

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N F P A 4 0 5 - - A 9 9 R O C

(a) A comprehensive knowledge of the airport dangerous cargo response plan

(b) The use of available reference materials to identify dangerous goods and determine the appropriate action to safely and effectively manage the incident

(c) The procedures for the identification, risk assessment, isolation, rescue, and evacuation requirements for a given dangerous goods incident

(d) The correct utilization of personal protective equipment and monitoring devices as they relate to the airport dangerous goods response plan

6-3 Decontamination. ARFF personnel sha4t-should, for a given dangerous goods incident, identify the proper decontamination procedures required for personnel, equipment, and the incident site.

Chapter 7 Emergency Communication Systems

7-1 General. This chapter identifies the knowledge and skills ARFF must demonstrate to properly identify and operate airport communication systems available for fire department use.

Chapter 8 ARFF Vehicles and Equipment

8-1 General. This chapter identifies the knowledge and skills that s h ~ s h o u l d be demonstrated by designated ARFF personnel who are required to operate ARFF vehicles and special equipment under all operating conditions.

8-2 Tools and Equipment. ARFF personnel shat4-should describe the individual tools and equipment on each ARFF vehicle on the airport. The description shaigshould include its designed use, required maintenance, proper storage, and a demonstration of its use. ARFF personnel ~ s h o u l d also be able to describe with complete accuracy its storage location on each vehicle.

8-3 Vehicle Inspection and Maintenance. ARFF personnel ghalg should demonstrate their knowledge and skills relative to routine inspection and maintenance of vehicles in accordance with fire department policy and manufacturers' specifications and maintenance manuals.

• ¢::. ,. 8-4 Operation of E ~ n t and Devices. ARFF personnel should demonstrate ~ ¢ ~ e y h .a:.v.e sufficient knowledge and skill to efficiently and safely':6:p~.the":".fa)llowing systems of assigned

7-1.1 ARFF personnel sh~t-should demonstrate the knowledge and operational skills pertaining to proper use and required maintenance of communication systems used by the airport fire department.

7-2 Criteria. ARFF personnel s h a ~ s h o u l d maintain a proficiency and d+alVshould demonstrate the following on a prescribed periodic basis:

(a) A thorough knowledge of and ability to operate all primary and alternate airport emergency communication systems that

emergency vehi cl.¢.s:. ":~{i!'i-....g:~:

(a) Co m m . . ~ ] ' ~ i i ~ . f l u i p men t :a@ p u~--'..~:~ .=ti o i~-~: - "~iitt) Prd~ioV~.~ng s y s : ~

(d) ..~:~rret(s~':::.:.:.~i-.::: " ~i-" (e.~..a...icle p 6 ~ ' ~ n g and maneuvering

,-.-~'..0~. E t ~ d del~'~s (where provided) gi~:~ S k i ~ , ~ r a t i n g tools (where provided)

..:,~.-...:ii~:(h) Vano"~).'~ozzles (types and applications) $~;'%-.:~!~~$) L i g h ~ systems (for accident site)

'%i.'~,. Driver enhanced vision system (DENS) ~-~}!-~s~scue tools (I)~!~i~dder

connect the fire department with the following. . . . . ~ , . . . : , (forcible entry, cutting, lifting, and so forth) 1. Control tower or flight service stauon ~i~"""""~'..~. evolutions 2. Airport administrative offices .:~~::~-'.:' "~ii-. Ventilation eauinment 3. Airlines ~ . . '%!i!:"i " " 4. Fixed base operators . . . . . ~ii:'.'-::. ~ii'~-5 ARFF Vehicle Operation. Designated ARFF personnel shatl- 5. Mutual aid .agencies . . . ~ . . - . : . " ~ # ~ : " should have sufficient knowledge and skill to efficiently and safely 6. Awport serwce velucles (m accordance wath ~ A 4~.:".-..-:~" "*~-:;.'%'-:-. operate the assigned vehicle(s~ includin~ the followinm

Standard for Aircraft Rescue and Fire-Fighting Services~ A i ~ t s ~.- -:~,.:.-.~:...~r . . . . o. 1 2) x • , . . . . . . . . . . . i,"-;"" ,, ~i: .A .~'*" (a) Operation of a vehicle that has its agent tanks fully loaded,

to) An operating Knowteage ot me nre oe !..t~..no..l)~:':.:: " " ~omi Inmdod and unlnarlPrl ... :.-..'(.:.:~..~

power source (or alternate communica t io~ .~ .em) , i/~':.":: .~cor "~!~a'ld,:.:~::: ~ . ~ £ routine (b) Operation of a vehicle in all climatic conditions experienced

A working knowledge~('~f . . . . . . . . the pret~_., functa~t~it~., ~..~..~::-:kll er , ~ • ::,"• ~ * .:.'.-'.'.-'.':" ~. ":~-:i.'.: . . . .

at kup alarm s y s t e ~ > . t h e ~ r ~Nces , and ~ ' a b i l i t y to :in~ ~t: all systems t h a ~ n # t e d . 4::" (d) An awareness of all pos~N:. .~ys of reporting emerg ad ~e steps req~tired to e n s u r & ~ r o p e r and complete otit :auon occms. "~ii.'h...4:"

• "&~ .4 :~ (e) A thorough knowledge and a l ~ ' ~ t m n of the rote: standard airp~.~ communication

with NFPA

sequence, procedure, test reco maintenance.

emergency mad backup alarm reinstate all

of reporting emergencies and the steps required to ensur notification occurs.

of the international phonetic alphabet and terminology (in accordance 1003, Standard for Airport Fire Fighter Professional Qualifications, 17-1.1 and 17-2.2).

(f) A complete knowledge of and ability to operate all fire department, ground control, mutual aid, and airport radio frequencies using prescribed procedures, discipline, and protocol.

(g) An ability to initiate and operate all communication features contained in the fire department alarm room, its emergency vehicles, and any vehicle dedicated for use as a communications or command unit.

(h) The ability to communicate with flight deck personnel by means of an aircraft's inter-phone system, by control tower relay, by direct radio contact, or by use of standard international ground-to- aircraft hand signals. The location of the aircraft inter-phone system jack st-mgl-should, be defined and located on each aircraft type using the airport (in accordance with NFPA 402, Guide for Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fighting Operations, 3-2.1).

(i) The ability to locate, for purposes of emergency use, vital telephone numbers so that calls can be directed to individuals and agencies as required•

(j) A working knowledge of alternate means of communications; the location and use of special equipment such as cellular and hard-wire field phones, power megaphones, and flashlights for hand signaling; and the ability to interpret light signals from the control tower.

at the airport (c) Operation of a vehicle within safe limits while negotiating

high-speed tight turns and high-speed braking (d) Operation of a vehicle that is operating in an environment

that has no signage (e) Operation of a vehicle in various conditions of lighting (f) Operation of a vehicle in off-road conditions

Chapter 9 Extinguishing Agents

9-1 General. This chapter identifies the knowledge and skills required of ARFF personnel relative to the proper selection and application of extinguishing agents to be used on fires involving aircraft.

9-2 Selection and Application. Given all the extinguishing agents used at the airport, ARFF personnel s h ~ s h o u l d describe the proper choice and application for the following types of fires:

(a) Aviation gasoline (AvGas) (b) .let fuels (c) In ter ior aircraft combustibles (d) Magnesium (e) Electrically energized (f) Composite materials (g) Engine (h) Cargo (i) Wheel fires (j) Other

9-3 Descriptions of Effects. Given all the extinguishing, agents used at the airport, ARFF personnel r~al4-should describe the effects of agent application when the following conditions exist:

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N F P A 405 - - A 9 9 R O C

(a) Wind (b) Rain (c) Freezing weather (d) Use of more than one agent (compatibility) (e) Fuel-soaked sod and flowing fuel or pressurized fuel (f) Other

Chapter 10 Emergency Aircraft Evacuation Assistance

10-1 General. Because saving lives is the first priority in aircraft rescue and fire fighting, ARFF personnel d-mgshould possess comprehensive knowledge and sha/1-should be highly skilled in emergency aircraft evacuation procedures for all those types of aircraft using the airport.

10-2 Criteria. ARFF personnel sha4bshould demonstrate a comprehensive knowledge of the following emergency evacuation systems and devices:

11-8 Tactical Considerations. ARFF personnel s h ~ s h o u l d define and prioritize the following tactical fire suppression categories:

(a) Rescue (b) Exposure protection (c) Fire confinement (d) Interior attack and ventilation (e) Ventilation (f) Overhaul (g) Fire extinguishment

11-9 ARFF Vehicle Positioning. Given a scenario, ARFF personnel shall-should explain proper vehicle positioning of ARFF vehicles to assist in a given strategy. The following factors shagshould be considered:

(a) Ground slope (b) Wind direction

(a) Emergency exits (c) Movement o f ~ e r v~ehicles (b) Stairways (d) Most e f fec t ive ' f~f~ tur re t s and hand lines (c) Evacuation slides ~ . . . . . . (d) Military aircraft evacuation and ejection systems and canopy 11-10 Agent A p p l l c a ~ R F l ~ . e r s o n n e l sha~should describe

ejection systems those factors to be c o n s i d g , ~ , t h ~ will affect proper extinguishing agent a p p l i c a f i ~ e n t ~ " ~ r / a g e n t conservation.

Chapter II Rescue and Fire-Fightlng Operations 1.~..:-.11 V ~ n C o ~ t t l o n ~ ARFF personnel shall-should vep tion factors as they relate an air - ft

11-1 General. ARFF personnel shall-should be familiar with their fire: :~, " ~ . N . responsibilities during an emergency involving aircraft. Rescue and ~ x . . 4 - " fire-fightlng operations involve a multitude of tasks, many of which ...~9.~" ~ r ~ t c ,~ ide ra t ions occur simultaneously. All of these tasks need to be considered in ~f~) F l ~ e . ~ x c o n s i d e r a t i o n s "sizing-up" an emergency. ....,.:.~ ~(~') V e n t i ' l ~ ' ~ locations

~>~.~(d) Meth~/tls of ventilation 11-2 Considerations. ARFF personnel shall-should describe how -. x~.~-..'~ .... each of the following items might affect an emergency response: ~ . l ' ~ - ~ t t r u c t u r a l Apparatus. ARFF personnel shagshould define

~.~'~ " ° ~ the ~ c t u r a l apparatus expected to respond to the asrport on (a) Nature of the emergency .~g~-. " ~ m C t ~ a l aid assignments and how the vehicles and equipment are (a) Type of aircraft -.'#":~::. ~ m o s t effectively deployed. (c) Number of passengers and crew ~ : : . ~.~ (d) Amount of fuel on hoard . . ~ : : . . " : ~ " ~ " 11-13 Extinguishing Agent Resupply. ARFF personnel sha~ (e) Location of the accident ;~!Y . . . . ~ ' : < ~ g : sh93!ld explain extinguishing agent resupply procedures established (f) Nature and location of cargo ~ii~...~-".':?:" ~!, ' ~ . - ' ~ the airport fire department. (g) Wind direction and velocity ::..-~ ~ . : : " ~i~ A: ':'.-:':~ (h) Weather conditions and terrain ~'::i::~'-".':-- :'-~ s'~..-:.:.:.:....:..:'.:i#s" " 11-14 Fire Department Supply and Resupply. ARFF personnel (!) ~.ARFF vehicle status .... ..:::.-: .. . . :::~iii.- "~":":'~::~ shall-should identify fire department supp|y and resupply sources (j) T~me of day or mght ~ . " ~ : : . . ":':-:!:v"~-'-::'::...-.-:'~k on and adjacent to the airport. (k) Oilier ~'-"" "%?..':%~:: .... ~-.::"~..

. . . . . . ~ L "~ii:", , ,, "~i~:.~!! "~:'. . . . . . . 11-15 Post-Fire Considerations. ARFF personnel shal4-should ii-~ ~.mer uc ~ u e r t s . . ' . . e r s o ~ # ~ l S + ~ + ~ c m n u l y m e . . . . . ge y ~ ' ~ .-:::.-:- . .. . explaan post-fire operataons pohcy estabhshed by their fire types of emergency alerfg thff$i~u.r..:~.~h the aarpo~ and the acuons ~ l ~ , ~ t ~ n t a e t h t . v r ~ l a t e tO the ~ollowing" of the fire department r e q u i r e ' ~ a c h ~ . , type. ~ r . . . . . . . . . . . , . . . . . . . . . . ~,"

. . . . . . . " : ¢ . ~ . ~ . ~ 5 . ' . . . . . . , , . (a) Biohazards/hazmat considerations 1 . . . . t-~ venicm ~outes. t.iven s e v e r a ~ - ~ h s on ana oft me (b) Stte" secun'ty a, rport ARFF personnel s h a t l - ~ ~ c n b e the most direct (c) Site - h o t o ~ a ~ h s and documentation response routes, alternate routes, an~l:~aroblems or hazards that (d) Body removal they could present. (e) Movement of wreckage

11-5 Size-Up Procedures. Given an accident situation, ARFF personnel sihafl-should describe proper "size-up" procedures.

11-6 Factors Mfecting Fire Attack. Given a fire situation, ARFF personnel shall-should describe how the following factors could affect the fire attack:

(a) Wind (a) Terrain (c) Wreckage (d) Survivors (e) Hazardous areas

11-7 Response Considerations. ARFFpersonnel shagshould define the following factors in regard to an aircraft fire and their relationships as exposures:

(a) Survivors (b) Odler aircraft (c) Structures (d) Unaffected parts of the involved aircraft

Chapter 12 Live Fire Fighting

12-1 General. This chapter identifies the various types and sizes of fires associated with aircraft accidents. ARFF personnel should individually and as teams regularly demonstrate their ability to safely and effectively control and extinguish these fires.

12-2 Criteria. ARFF personnel shagshould extinguish the following:

(a) An aircraft fuel fire or simulation utilizing an appropriate fire extinguisher.

(b) An aircraft fuel fire or simulation utilizing ARFF vehicle hand lines and appropriate extinguishing agent while using proper technique. The size o f the fire shatgshould be appropriate for the agent flow of the hand lines.

(c) An aircraft fuel fire or simulation using ARFF vehicle turrets and appropriate extinguishing agent using proper technique. The size of the fire shagshould be appropriate for the class or index of the airport.

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N F P A 4 0 5 w A 9 9 R O C

(d) A simulated three-dimensional fire using.ARFF vehicle hand lines and appropriate extinguishing agent(s) using proper technique.

(e) A simulated aircraft cabin fire using ARFF vehicle hand lines and water spray. Hand lines shall-should be properly advanced and coordinated with ventilation operations.

( f ) A simulated auxiliary power unit fire on an aircraft utilizing ARFF vehicle hand lines or turrets applying appropriate extinguishing agent and using proper technique.

(g) A simulated aircraft wheel/brake areafire utilizing an ARFF vehicle hand line and appropriate agent and proper technique.

(h) A simulated electrical fire utilizing the appropriate extinguishing agent and proper procedures and technique.

(i) A simulated engine fire using an ARFF vehicle hand line and appropriate extinguishing agent and the proper technique.

12-2.1 Measurable standards of highty skilled performance shall- should be established for each of the fire situations fisted in 12- 2(a) through (i) by the authority havingjurisdiOion for the airport.

Chapter 13 Airport Emergency Plan

13-1 General. ARFF personnel are key members of a team organized to deal with airport emergencies. It is fundamental that they understand their duties and responsibilities as defined in the airport emergency plan.

13-2 Fire Department Response. ARFF personnel shetgsh0uld identify and describe each type of emergency listed in the plan (including alert procedures) that requires a response of the fire department.

13-3 Incident Command. ARFF personnel ehag-should, for each emergency involving the fire department, provide descriptions o r ~ identify the following: T

(a) Describe the chain of command and co inddents both on and off airport.

(b) Identify the personnel assudated with e the inddent management system.

(c) Describe the procedures for the change any phase of the emergency.

(d) Identify and describe other agencies ins individual role, responsibility, and au thor i t j ~ -(e) Describe in general v ~ ' i ' ~ I ~

resnonsibilities under the n l a ~ ~ duties and

Chapter 14 ~ ~llcal Serdc~i(EMS)

14-1 General. This chapter~theide critical knowledge and skills that AR_lCF personnel ~ ¢ e q . n i r e d s k a g sl to have in order to provide basic emergency nl rwce (EMS) at the airport. 7 se ARFF personnel shagshou Lave the knowledge and skills to be able to operate in an emergency environment until additional medical resources become available.

14-2 Criteria. ARFF personnel shalgshould be able to demonstrate or explain the following=

(a) Define the accepted method of infection control and universal blood and body fluid precautions as prescribed for public safety workers.

(b) Demonstrate proper methods of decontamination, disinfection, and disposal of personal protective equipment that has become contaminated.

(c) Explain or demonstrate the accepted procedures for single rescuer and two rescuer CPIL including adult, child, and infant procedures.

(d) Demonstrate proper management of an obstructed airway for a conscious and an unconscious adult, child, and infant.

(e) Demonstrate the use of a resuscitation mask in the performance of single rescuer and two rescuer CPIL

(f) Demonstrate a primary survey for life-threatening injuries. (g) Identify three types of external bleeding and the

characteristics of each. (h) Demonstrate three approved methods to control external

bleeding.

(i) According to severity, identify characteristics and demonswate treaunent of thermal and chemical burns.

(j) Describe and demonstrate the proper techniques for managing the following:.

1. Head injuries 2. Chest injuries 3. Fractures 4. Spinal injuries (k) Describe the symptoms and demonstrate emergency

treatment of the following: 1. Shock 2. Fainting $. Allergies 4. Convulsions 5. Heart attack 6. Stroke (I) Identify the symptoms and demonstrate emergency treatment

for the following:. 1. Ingested poisog 2. Drug overdose

(m) Identify the/1 that serves the _ drpo,

(n) Demonstrate Heimlich maneuver. (o) D e m o n s ~ (p) Demon~

a:ting the poison control center

skill in performing the

~ er pi~mlitions and procedures for

.' on of common medical conditions :t" m e t l ~ ~ r ~ at (e.g., diabetics, pacemaker). m o n m ~ oved measures for handling emotionally

st ..chniques for moving the injured. e an understanding of the concept of medical

tstrate an understanding of the treatment of fatalities. familiar with the parameters of a simple triage and rapid t (START) system.

Chapter 15 Administration and Standards

15-1 General This chapter covers general administrative ~k~quirements and responsibilities.

15-2 Criteria. ARFF personnel shagshould demonstrate a comprehensive knowledge of the following:

(a) Airport and fire department standard operating procedures (b) Local instructions, bylaws, and regulations (c) individual responsibilities as they relate to the maintenance

and operational effectiveness of ARFF • (d) Record-keeping requirements,, including personal records

related to professional competency (e) Organizational structure (0 Occupational health and safety regulations (g) Emergency planning, including personal roles and

responsibilities structured within the plan

Chapter 16 Water Rescue Operations

16-1 General. This chapter identifies the knowledge and skill required by ARFF personnel in maintaining levels of competency required in water rescue operations. Personnel who can be called upon to effect rescue from an aircraft that has crashed and/or ditched in water must have a sound understanding of seamanship and water safety if rescue of the aircrafts' occupants is to succeed. Because saving lives is the first priority in aircraft rescue and fire fighting, ARFF personnel shall-should possess the comprehensive knowledge of water safety and d:ta~i-should be highly skilled in water rescue operations for all airports with the need for potential water rescue operations.

16-2 Criteria. ARFF personnel shag-should demonstrate the following:

(a) Practical boat handfin[g, including maneuvering in confined water, high-speed maneuvenng, steering a compass course and taking rough bearings, berthing and unberthing, coming to and weighing anchor, and making fast to and leaving a buoy.

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N F P A 4 0 5 ~ A 9 9 R O C

(b) A sound understanding of chartwork, induding the meaning of common chart symbols, the use of tidal diamonds, position fixing course correction allowing for currents and leeway, and dangers to navigation including rules and regulations for collision prevention.

(c) Comprehensive local knowledge of signals and regulations, including local marks, buoyage lights, leading lights andmarks , dangers to navigation, minimum and maximum depths over banks, obstructions, currents, and abnormal tidal conditions. A general knowledge of the times and heights of tides and safe landing places in differing weather conditions together with safe compass courses in and out of local harbors is also required.

(d) The recovery of an injured or in.capacitated person from the water, towing astern and alongside, righting capsized dinghies, working with helicopters, pacing alongside under way, search patterns, and techniques.

(e) A sound understanding of distress signals, including the regulations for preventing collision, signs of approaching bad weather, effects of craft stability, fi'eeboard, and trim together with loading and discharging occupants. (f) A sound understanding of the care and maintenance of rescue

croft, including engines, hull, and electrical system, together with day-to-day routine inspections. Life-saving equipment and devices together with associated protective do th ing shall be incorporated in these inspections.

Chapter 17 Referenced Publications

17-1 The following documents or portions thereof are referenced within dais smndar-d r¢¢Qtlamended practice and st~14-should be considered part of the rcqu'rcmcn~z recommendations of this s m n d a ~ recommended practice. The edition indicated for each referenced mandatory document is the current edition as of the date of the NFPA issuance of this s t ~ a d a ~ r e c o m m e n d e d nractice. Some of these mandatory documents might also be referenced i q ~ dais s tandard recommended ~ for specific informational purposes and, therefore, are also listed in Appendix B. .A$~

~ . 17-1.1 NFPA Publications. National Fire Protection Associat io~g Batterymarch Park, P.O. Box 9101, Quincy, MA 0226.!~...0...,~.,..

NFPA 402, Guide for Aircraft Rescue and Fire Fight~.~x....r..,~.to~i 1996 edition . . . . . . . ~'(% _'~- ..'~

! A-l-5 Authority Having Jurisdiction. The phrase "authority having jurisdiction" is used in NFPA documents in a broad manner, since jurisdictions and approval agencies vary, as do their responsibilities. Where public safety is primary, the authority having jurisdiction may be a federal, state, local, or other regional depar tment or individual such as a fire chief; fire marshal; chief of a fire prevention bureau, labor department, or health department; building official; electrical inspector; or others having statutory authority. For insurance purposes, an insurance inspection department, rating bureau, or other insurance company representative may be the authority having jurisdiction. In many circumstances, theproper ty owner or his or her designated agent assumes the role of the authority having jurisdiction; at government installations, the commanding officer or departmental official may be the authority having jurisdiction.

A-l-6 Each authority having jurisdiction should establish an on- g A ~ program to evaluate personnel assigned ARFF duties. All

personnel should be evaluated on each objective and task that is applicable to.:..the ARFF operation at their airports as required under t h e " ~ . ~ n s of this smndar-d recommended

teria for performance R£.ggti.~. The pass/f:a~.~. . task-based competencies and m ' ~ g . ~ , tes~.~cores on knowledge-based

establis "" ~ . . . . . . objectives will be " ; ~ . y ~ authority havmgjunsdicuon based on the ~ n . a l i f f f ~ ' ~ required. In some cases the authority havi ~cu , ' c t i ,~n#nugnt estabfish a minimum re.quiremer~?.4 I . t ~ ~ , a r some knowledge-based areas (such ~ . r p o r t ~ , ~ . ~r izat i6~ hile they might establish a minimum passing score ~ per~ia t for other knowledge-based areas (based on N and need). : ,

-'fi'_~x~. ;itigate" as it is used in this context means to ".~gssen i ~ that is, emergency response personnel are

pected to., 'orm duties, as it relates to aircraft cargo hazards, . . ~ t o the ~ixtent in which they are trained, equipped, and

i ~ " .~..l~d... It might be necessary to utilize an outside resp.onse or w o ~ g 0 n a l firm to perform activities beyond the capabdities of he~on.-airport response.

12-2(b) and (c) For burn area structures and agent discharge rates see U.S. FAA Advisory Circular 150/5220/17A.

Appendix B Referenced Publications

NFPA 403, Standard for Aircraft Airports, 1998 edition. ..~

NFPA 1003, Standard Qualifications, 1994 edi

Appendix A ~ t o r y Material

at

Appendix A is not a part of the ~ ~ of this NFPA document but is included for ~uinf~ ztional purposes only. This appendix contains explanatory materla~ numbered to correspond with the applicable text paragraphs.

A-l-5 Approved. The National Fire Protection Association does not approve, inspect, or certify any installations, procedures, equipment, or materials; nor does it approve or evaluate testing laboratories. In determining the acceptability of installations, procedures, equipment, or materials, the anthority having jurisdiction may base acceptance on compliance with NFPA or other appropriate standards. In the 'absence of such standards,

• said authority may require evidence of proper installation, procedure, or use. The anthority having jurisdiction may also refer to the listings or labeling practices of an organization that is concerned with product evaluations and is thus in a position to determine compliance with appropriate standards for the current production of listed items.

B-I The following documents or portions thereof are referenced within this smadar4 recommended nractice for informational purposes only and are thus not considered part of the req'.:"re.~..enm recommendations of this s tandard recommended

unless also listed in Chapter 17. The edition indicated here for each reference is the current edition as of the date of the NFPA issuance of this s tandard recommended oractice.

B-I.1 Federal Aviation Administration Pubfication. Department of Transportation, Distribution Unit, Washington, DC 20590.

FAA Advisory Circular 150-5220/17A.

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