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W. B. SAUNDERS COMPANY, W. Washington Square, PhiladelphiaScience: published weekly by The Science Press, Lancaster, Pa.

Entered as second-class matter July 18, 1923, at the Post Office at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.

SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 95, No. 2475

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Devoted to the practical side of plant disease control, this new text presents material foran elementary course in plant pathology which will serve the needs of college juniors andseniors majoring in field crops, horticulture, soils, entomology and related fields. Thebook introduces the student to the essential features of the science as exemplified in im-portant diseases of leading crops, and provides him with a practical manual to which hemay refer for detailed and specific directions on plant disease control.Attention is given to diseases of southern and prairie crops and to the modification inepiphytology of plant diseases under conditions of warm climate and dry land. An in-novation is the treatment of certain complex pathological syndromes such as the corn root,stalk and ear-rots, the cotton seedling disease and boll or rot problem, and the stalk androot-rots of sorghum.Those diseases of most economic importance and the crops in which they occur have beenselected for detailed study. Wherever possible, lists of disease resistant crop varieties,trade names, compositions of fungicides and working directions are included.207 Illustrations Probable Price $5.00 Ready this month

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VOL. 95, No. 24756 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS

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SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 95, No. 2475

An Eye Saved is Production Time SavedJUST a slight accident. A fragment hurtles

straight at the operator's eye. Broke the lensof his safety goggle, of course, but there were no

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8

SCIENCE

VOL. 95 FRIDAY, JuNE, 5, 1942 No. 2475

The American Association for the Advancement ofScience:

Forty Years of Helping the Farmer with Knowl-edge:DR.W.H.CHANDLER ............................................ 563

Obituary:Frank Collins Baker: DR. H. J. VAN CLEAVE. Re-

centDeaths ............................................ 568Scientific Events:

1941 Stalin Prize-Winners in the U.S.S.R.; Anthro-pological Survey of the People of the United Prov-inces of India; The International Graduate SchoolExchange; Westinghouse Research Fellows; The

IndustrialResearch Institute ............................................ 569ScientificNotes and News ...................... ...................... 571

Discussion:In Defense of the Kallikak Study: DR. HENRY H.GODDARD. The Graying of Hair: DR. OWEN S.GIBBS. Some Factors Affecting Apple Scald Dis-ease: PROFESSOR R. M. SMOCK and F. W. SOUTH-WICK. A Grasshopper Problem in Mechanics: DR.

GORDON S. FULCHER. ............................................ 574Scientific Books:

Epilepsy: DR. STANLEY COBB ........... ................. 577Societies and Meetings:

The Eighth Annual Washington Conference ofTheoretical Physics: DR. G. GAMOW and DR. J. A.

............................................................................................................... 579

Reports:The First Annual Report of the Chairman of theNational Science Fund ..... .................. 581

Special Articles:The Production of Permanent Hyperglycemia andGlycosuria by the Prolonged Administration of In-sulin: DR. I. ARTHUR MinSKY and OTHERS. OnCataract and Certain Other Manifestations ofTryptophane Deficiency in Rats: DR. ANTHONY A.ALBANESE and DR. WILHELM BUSCHKE. A FirusInactivator from Yeast: DR. WILLIAM N. TAKA-

HASHI ............................................ 583Scientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods:A New Petri Dish Cover and Technique for Use inthe Cultivation of Anaerobes and Micro-aerophiles:DR. JOHN H. BREWER. Contribution to the Stereo-chemistry of Diphenylpolyenes: PROFESSOR L.ZECHMEISTER and DR. A. L. LEROSEN. A SimpleMeans of Retaining Oil Between Slide and Con-

DR. R. H.MACKNIGHT ................................................ 587

Science News ..... 10

SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal devoted to the Advance-ment of Science, edited by J. McKEEN CATTELL and pub-lished every Friday by

THE SCIENCE PRESSLancaster, Pa. Garrison, N. Y.

Annual Subscription, $6.00 Single Copies, 15 Cts.SCIENCE Is the official organ of the American Associa-

tion for the Advancement of Science. Information regard-ing membership in the Association may be secured fromthe office of the permanent secretary in the SmithsonianInstitution Building, Washington, D. C.

FORTY YEARS OF HELPING THE FARMER WITHKNOWLEDGE'

By Dr. W. H. CHANDLERUNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA

IN 1900 the United States Department of Agricul-ture, state experiment stations, state agricultural col-leges and secondary agricultural schools expendedabout two and a half million dollars, in 1940 morethan a hundred and ten million dollars; this last in-cludes the cost of vocational agriculture in highschools. In 1900 many of the colleges were still ac-cepting students with little or no high-school training.Such subjects as mathematics, chemistry, physics andEnglish were taught in courses about equivalent tothose taught in high schools, and a considerable per-

1 Parts of the address as retiring vice-president andchairman of the Section on Agriculture, American Asso-ciation for the Advancement of Science, Dallas, Texas,December 30, 1941.

centage of students enrolled in agricultural collegeswere taking these courses to prepare for admission toother colleges. The teachers in agricultural subjectsseemed to be exceptionally earnest and had developedforcefulness by their contact with robustly criticalaudiences at farmers' meetings. What most of themtaught, excepting teachers in soil science, animal nu-trition and entomology, was the result of reason-ing from inadequate knowledge of plant and animalprocesses, experience- of exceptional farmers whowrote for farm journals or talked in farmers' meet-ings and data from rather poor field trials that werebeginning to be published.

Soon after 1900 new men were taken on rather