I n LhIS maiitsr, m P a r n e L .LLu.pt has &a"

m-6s io nrseenh brisi prot~les oi the nanueac~urcn-

raapondonts InEor~or.LIn" thsr.in v.rio"" prrli."l.rs .I

IPLDmaLLon relailng Lo Lre:r .go, EduCMclonal . 4a i i t i -

o'tIo3B. OEEYPLILmU. 6YtlLDltl.". dl..LLOn ei pc0CLYE-

i t o n ~ E L I Y I I Y . ~rn.""ltY, .XI(YLe"Os, rnPlO~R."t . "1.B.

LLlll8ciim ol d i i i e r e n t sovrcs. oe pmer, sx.snd'tur.

PBLLBrnB. ECBL a n e l y s b , trQlds prcdYFtion. M l Y B

ei a i p u t . ooecat ionai e c i i c ~ e n o y r a i e c i s l inrough

v a r i a a i l * i c e / . c i l e r l . end t h e s.urce. .i f in .n . lng

am ~ , r o t m e , b e m . A brief h i s r o r i - l P.F.PCEIIVS oi

salt I"r3u.Lry in Prakasiun r i s k r i c k , and me vrctovr

C."tOrs .iooIo.~oonrn,o, L r r t rere r.smn~ihl0 i D I ens

6evslopnsnt oe salt industry i n P F ~ X ~ S M disrrlLt ham

also been aissvssea i n tn1s chaprer.

~ J 2 b ~ 3 ~ 3 - E ~ ~ ~ Q ~ ~ U ~ ~ 2 - 8 W - ~ ? ~

The ax.": or,pin .i .d.i industry i n P r & u m

a t s t d m is no^ kmwn. i iosmd~nq to nadr+3 balr

Crmmlssion ~ e p o r L d U I 6 . Ianuparthy s a l r Eaotorl ir

one ol ilm - id-t Taokorlo. in IraXaSeYn b i s i d c t md

$8 to b. in exincan- c m beiors ISS. AIL m e

il"s c.croTlc. 1" er.!,a.en. DisLrLEt Ware l".i"dBd :n

K ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L ~ ~ c ir~lrr padarbhy sa l r eactwv w u roopned

L~ 1 ~ 1 s r. the snorbagu o t n o l i during ahe r1r.b

Woild wer. Tb. h i s t o r y d sndarmy B a l e Pactor2 rsvia1a

thrb t h o nalt indwiry i s as old ar nanklnd. rt W

no sxageraL1on Lo ntsls that a11 Lhs rut TaoLoriss i n

LhF d l s l l l C L haw .ILr.ELed th. . t lB"i:on or the

rorarmsni and Lhrr puhl,c. Th. growth DL salt

,rawtry I" the srganlasd sector I" Prehreum I I a L C I E L

=me ~ n t o ~ i m d i p o t during British rule.

hinoagmlm Norin, swin, ~ a c u p i r m i . ~abarkhy

and Daksla saii Lacivrisa are all iocated in Pra lusw

d l s t r l d Oi Andhrb I sadah . Ehinna9aolm North and

S a i h iaOTortep ara siCuaLe3 aL a dtelallce 05 2 Ymi

and 3 . 3 m. rarpooiiuoly io &ha adLt O I the Cn lnnapn ian

IDllway Bkriloo. KanLeLrlhy factory is l o e k e d ak s

* i s r a m o i a m e . c o rae east oi ths AmllnabrDiu railway

. I r L L O " . Iadarny .a lL i e c l e y i. lo Kotnapatnm "hi&

is c~ c i i s ~ m o e o i 10 m. rrm aha e ~ r DI ongo~e raiiwiy e t a i t o n . ? % n a l l y , Pahala rali CaEIory is IomLed

ai a d%aicnce 06 I NnB. to M e eaBL of SLngaP6lXOnda

callway e ia t l on . *I1 Lha daoL.L. ar. l o e k e d aL a

d b r m ~ s or I ~ Y ; ZbS KmB. md 117 Kns. Lo iha NorLn

o i Vadrla on L b main NocLh-Emt llne Of the South Zme.

TFa"sno* Ba.CA;a

minnaianim Norin and ewbn salt $.atorlea are

mnnerrDd 41 eeeder road to i.ad> minns~enian by rai l

end ~anuparihy salt Iaslor9 1s Omnscted bi

m ~ i a l l l d T3ad t o she UMlmnslrolu ru1w.y atat%- and i r a

tn-r* rm :on6 i a c i l i ~ y IS provmmd. s.11

:.EL.rY 1s s o n n e = r a 4 Pun-a rod di..Cll? L o Pl..>s.

Pakale e a i t saEiory Is san.ct.* by .u.c. r o d LO

S:n91raIXm,d. ra:, .no r-6 u.y.. T" brill, .,I the

i l c l o r l l -nns.is* by rr'l uld W.Y. Ire." L". "Sr i i rs -

C . I E Y I I I "aLID,LI hi* w a r

-s:

Yi'nnaa.nle. Norm l D U i h , X a n v p r i n l ."a Dadart"" sale *rctoriea am :nc,uae* I" Lns Dsnuwduru E L r d s vn'ls

i.*axa J a l i 1accs"y is I" v.*r.s circle D l D u l y supartn-

;sn*snl l 0: ..It .c. in charge in Cilrn.i l .",rn NDPlh and

pans-a s.>i tact.r*-. A" I n s p e c l r r Y I" Ih.i.e ol

Cninn...n'm S r u t h n c t o r y i r d mnotnsr inllPes%Pr is i n

a*Brgr o~ ireartny ~ a ~ u ~ ~ ~ t h ~ ..it i ~ c ~ n r ~ a m . r.=n Lripe~L.~,DiwLy lupsrink.msne 5s r.rp.ns,ue to d.ul1.p

L". .*>: i " d ~ . ; ~ ~ aoLnd and elel0'slL >'n- I" *heir r w . . E ~ ~ ~ < i . i B w . C t ~ D n ~ . *he=. ~YOIOTILI~. ~ICY. rnerr

B ~ ~ ~ L B L ~ s L I Y ~ ~ e ? i ~ a m 02 ilc b 8 l L D a P r L m R t I n ihc

i i E e s 1 e a 1 9 n 9 i o i h m iOr e u P u v l S l a .

JTW tlmcs imenorial. salt snausrrs MB eIDY.isilS1 8. a SOIL..P I"a"BLTI L" Pr.*a..n dl.Lr'ot.

*""cat, i n b i l the arrival o l the BrLt1.h In t h e Seven-

t a r n t h csnbury. -.It % n C u s k q uw run by th. fainlng

o m m u n i t y i n the "Oalr*: par- ol PF.*aeW district.

ACcomin(l LO Lhe i n E 6 F l t l o n Pmvldsd by Lha tn : l lb l iML I

of E M ml( iLe2 P r r i i o l Prakasdm 6latr:OL. Ialt meklnp

W* Lh. moronnly OT s l n c l i tarnscs. il urs ee alLra.LiW

LO LhO ,.all i.r.srs enat t n q nol .nly aspended a ..It

lanutaCLuls aa a memna of l i W l l h O C a , brb d.D s v l n c d

:mmsnss l n l s r e s i L" rns:ter. aT p.r.D"31 .uprv i . im end

mamge-em oi salt pT.dumtLEn. Evan tnw. remere d o

were r*si*in. .bmL 10 ms. away fron .all @arm in ena c..sLal .arb. "sea t o cme regularly t. m. x.rk.il..

snd parmorrlly s u p s r u l . c rh. o p e c a t l a s durlnr Lhe

agrlrullu:., Oil O D l e r n l .

lnder such E l r n L m s i a n ~ a , i c i i indumlrs

f I ~ Y r i . i . s d and aiir.ccea .ever., n,.rulra to the place.

~ L C - . more i p m ~ S P ~ B od ins mraranas

WEZB v.*.y.. 0s YrnILIB VhD B P S LhB t l ld l l 'ml l naron.nas

T11ees nerohan- mil know Ecr t h e i r a r t and cra f t In

tra0s, *u.lness snd cmmsece, 0Prn.d gsity anops. .mall

t e n mop and EounlEy mDLoU t o serve the n e d a 0s ilrn

"ill.".r.:.. 1. LnsY ""Id UIT'Y. W.21 In in,. O E N e l -

t i o n , thsv 0-16 born. %-.IVlY.

* WPl l lhY C1LPs. Lhs lmitla cwid mono? ianasrs. ~ b u i w s ~ y , L ! ~ ~ s . ~ t nrllucrctureis oouu suat l

D;PDTCU~LLY. ma the sa~rhanue.~ru~in..WC -ctsn dllilUrLOd 4 ib. O.LUI.1 C.Ia,.,I,O., LL "8. mu * M a

Of s r a l l salt .anui.ceurars ""ih uae a,*.?. a t r d l # -

advlnlsg.. N-ilher LbPi c a l d y ~ * UIe output .I all*

rrcm me i l e l d l nor they could rmp.y ine 1-n the, had

i*.n .irm i n s n m * - l l n d e m , ," f a c t . t". dsbl "ad LBcoms 8 0 much bYEe.n,mB LO them Lhdt LiPY had no Other

w-y *hai arasoslng oi their rMal ro repay th. 1-n.. nrme tncrs usrs nine o t i u r t?an rrs r m y -

IsndErs "00 om b y i na i r land, r h y had Lo sell LilB:r l a n d Lo ihe mines-ltndsrm Lo IIqYldals t h e i r dmbil.

* a result. Lha .w".r#"'p .i la"* *M Lransisrrea firm Lhe salt-mmulzc:urlnl small .'arners t o t h e mony-lsnder

d8.S 01 K S m A t i G I" praXes.n d?.LTIEI.

hi pr~sent . boih me rntral cna s i s t r rovern-

m s l i s ars providlr. ein.n.,.i @ a i s t M a e $0 the Sait

mmurrslur.n ..oed.llv mces xrr, are eersoira by

.alum, cdamltiar. Irm ihs v im n"i"L oC I"0"liTI.I

prwth and deYI1Wl)ntl ProVle lDn OT a&qYdtB erl1.1

i s a .ire-era-nm mb i i r 1 pwslhle onll w h n U l s .

,a a su?l.blc aqenqy. una.r tire pre*.nt CbEUIMt.".el,

Xo1.l's .in play t h l . role i n the c o u i a l 0.rte * er.*ssarn 0Yirl.t . m e n 1" l"l"rr. xolvril. mntinus

t. be aesiion for tna m m b i l i s a ~ i a of &owarm resourn.

for t h e as,do.n.nt .l .dt Industry i n Pra\r.&m d le t c l c t .

1 L Eon be O D l a T Y B B irmI Tabla - 4.1 .Ivan &Low inat oui of the lil emole salL manil&oturero

:n ihs di#trLsl,l6 are In thp unlicensed sector, I t i n

nE C0OFEra;l"e esEZoZ i"b LhB ledt Oi the 2s are In aha

l i E c M e d 180iorl I n berm. of Ilteracyl 31.30 p r E s n l o l

the san'p1e salt nlnul.cturors cannot read cir i wr1tcr

5 5 . 5 6 DO? cent can read and write. 1.92 per mnt are

nail?sulaiaa, 2.61 pe; cent pseeed Lrtemediatel and the

rest of ihe 2 . 6 1 >e: c e n t are ijradulreli.

S ~ C Z O T Y L B B and l t r a r a c y wise analyeis ot the

manple ~ r l t rnanLfairurers rmumala as i o l l o w s . mcng the

5 4 s.1~ manufacturere woo cannot re md wribe, 28 are

i n r b o e o 9 e r a t i ~ ssc~or. 15 ars i r t h e uniicersad

sectm ard I is i n $he llcerred sect&?. Ullony t h e 89

cunple eel* ntanuTaoLurers M u horn read ind xrlre, 50 are

i n thE u n l l e a n i e d aector, I 3 ars 1n t h e coopsct1m

sector and I2 rre In the .iceneed sector. *nono khs

1 matriwlalss, 5 arm In the lloemed asc i r r llni only

one i s In the ~ n l i s r e e d acct.:. A i l Ule I smpll ea1i

manufaoiwere who passea inasmediala are In Lhs 1icmns.d

ssCt=. ~ t ~ i l a ~ i ~ a11 rhe 4 aagres nolaers many me

ample salt nenuiaoLu~er# are In rhe llenaed eecior.

It 0s" be QLserred Lrsm Tsbls - 1 . 2 .iluen belox Lnab (1.79 pep csnr n l i l lc marmle 8.1~ aianulaseurern VB

iq bi le aEc Qroul oL 11-10 ycami 2L.t . l csnL in inn

.P' O'DuD oe 11-90 year., 18.96 ..r cenL i n L N , .me

irouo D i 25-30 Se.r.l b.54 per *.mi I n tns .ye yr.u. oi

51-60 Ycrrsl 1 . 1 7 per cone I n the ag. yroug o l 11-10 year.,

3.69 par a n t in ihs sgc yroup se I ! Isarm or* abvm; and

LnOLhET O . " i 0.r a n , i a %he 0s- yrmup *I a l D x 20 ys.n.

sesiar "LBB, i g s YTOYP WI.. * " . l l P L I DL mr,p,o

mall . ,nnul .c lurcn r."sals In. Ldio*Lny i r c l r . Tile cnll

o,c SrnPl$ B d l t m.nYl.OfY:BI in in* . j s v r o u p oi -la* 10

p a r e Le L" baa I I C D . b C d S.CL.I. mcny rt,e 29 sanpls

S a l k manuiactumrs L" LO. 89. w o u p OL 21-13 y c . n , 5

are in Lhe LLccrnFd sactor, 8 are ?n b l a oc-apratlve

.csl.r rm in. :m.'nin. I b are in rh. u n l i i e r a o d BBELDT.

h a n g ine I? aurglc .all " # a n u l r c L w l r s in tns ag. jroup

01 11-10 ).carsr 1 are Ln tn. :LODNsI ssEtOr l Z O rTF i n

t,O crap...L'"e Beetor Llls rm.lniny 4" .cc in Lh.

unlioenScd eecLon Ammil Lhe 10 a M n l r salt naniiss-

LuTmrs L n t l m mga ~ r r u p oi 11-50 Y ' B i e . 7 are In Lhs

I i c s s s d sector, I8 o r a in LM c*oour.LLls eaoLsr sna

t h e lomainllp ,I are i n L l s enl:.nmen sector. momp

L I C 10 D a l n ~ l o salt man"L.cturer. i n ii,s aue group of

i l - 6 0 I e z i s r 2 am I n tn 1icen.M seobor, 4 are Ln

t h e orwsraklm rector Inotlar I iis LM

~ n l i o ~ n e e d ~ e s i o h mml tne i s n ~ i p l ~ 8.1) I ~MYI~SLY~ . IB

in an* a p e g r o i p 0: i !-70 ysare , I are .n me 1 1 ~ l n o s d

1 e 3 L D I and the rmainins l is i n Lhs unlimnSod I S c L O i .

me omy one sunpie B ~ U nllnuraoburrr I?, me w e urrrup

oi 71 Iaara and above Is Ln rre ooopcrrri~e senior.

I s*rFIUI pBrU8.J Of ti," data i"l",Dhld L"

Tad*. 4 . 3 ~ ~ 4 3 bs1.u T B V ~ ~ I B Y i.llowm. 97.1 par

cent of Lhe sunpis salt , rndnlar;ur.rl ha". B a l l ncnu-

iaclurlng as lhsir 3rimary occ,, . i ,a, 1.96 Ps: cane

-sue ayr:mltu:e aa t m r primary o c o ~ p a ~ i a . and Lhe

r e m s l n l ~ y 0 . 6 5 p l r 0s-t havs rrarulcs as Lhair pr'inary

O Z N Y L I O " . mmq r M 149 earnpic aali .I?UI.ELY...I

*ho h c ~ r a i k maruiao:urinp re meir primary o o c u ~ a t ~ ~ n ,

P I are Ln me licensad assLDr, 90 ara in ihe OoQprrilvm

livctor ,ha remalniny 16 rra i r t119 uwiicmnned s e q w .

Plong ire 1 a c p l o sali ranuiaclUrer0 Uio have i j r l a l l u r e

.I thatr prim.ry occrp.rion, m. il i n ils 0mpBnri"e r.c:o

md tns remaining I a r e i n the uniisarsed I l c l o r . TLe only

0"s .a%>," ..lt m.n,f.clur.r *no t i l e a l r v l ~ e u h i s

pinary occvparion $8 zn me I i ~ o n s r d smetor.

PaLltiOllarS O f ss.o;i.ry .ccup.i,o., or tile rmpls

b d l t rn."UI.CLUTBIB .:e furnlsh.d i n .able - 4 . 4 given below. mom t h e 153 ample mi: nmufactursn. 7 0 . 5 9

per cent hold ieboir as i n l r secmnd.irg oocupaticn,

13.07 pec cent hold i iprisulture. i .8B per men* b u i i n s r ~

2.12 PDI: e n k salr as t h s i r s s c o ~ r r y oommtlom m d

2 . 6 1 DEr cent are 3rt iaana and 5 . 2 1 p r oenk a m p l e eeIL

mi"..TuLLYIEra nave r o secDmiiry 0C.xpauon.

monp ihe toe ~ a n p l e .at nlanu~acturrrm whe

nald latour as tratr s e ~ o n d ~ r y oscupacion, 3 .re i n LI.

l i o e r s e d aeclor. 45 are i n Uls 0-operarive sealor md

60 .re i n Lh. u n l i ~ e n s e d seclor. *ong Lhe i c .a.?l.

s a l t ma~utactumra WM "old agrinrliure a9 their

seconaary a c c u p s t l o > , 1c ere l n the lrcensel saotosl

6 are i n unltcensed sscioc, a d 1 are in Lna sc-omra~lva

SsCLOr . mOn" ;fie 9 .mp1. ..It mnuf.otbrcrs who hold

bueins.e ns bnetr seoonaery occupaiion, 6 ars :n ehs

l i m n s e a s c c ~ o ~ a-d 1 LS i n the unlicenssd sector.

mong t h e 4 san2ls salt manufactwars Wlo hold salt ar

r h d r secerdary ocoYpat%Dn, 2 ara in Lhu UnllceMsd

T ~ C L P . end one oa* is m licanmad and oo-operatiw s B C l O r s . M D n g the '1 empl. S a l t nl.nufrsturmm ""0 arm

e r i i ~ a n e .. ~ h s i r sacondary o o ~ p a t i o n 1 are i n Lnlr unllosnsod suobor ard on. is i n th. cc-o~urablw

SaELaF. iVnSng t h e B .ampis sallk msnulsclurers w M

heid no sansndary o c o u l s t < a . I rro i n the ~ i c a n s d

s3rtor ma anohher 4 rrs i n Vlounllosn.sd s." IB.

CO.rn"n,Q

C=lsWIIa .U .LINi . I* * th...,l.,n ..It mmUIaEtYslB a m prwided i n Table - 4 . 5 gLucn Lielow.

ens IS1 SeFple Salk mnilaotwerml 21.37 psr EEni

are SEberlUlca Y~TBI 27.45 par Rlt ars BLcIUard C I ~ B B B .

3 .27 per e n t a:. scredulod Tribes and 6 7 . 7 1 PV c e n t

belonr; t o ntaer Camrea.

Amm~ iae 71 0ih.r Caste asnllo e a l C manu-

I~ELUTCCS, 21 &I-. in irca.aed and nnoinar d l ore

i n Lhs iooprstlvm s e c l a and L ~ E r n l i n i n r 3% r r s i n r3s

Un_io?nbsc B s E t w . Aa0ns Lha I2 T a P ~ l m l r l t mdnuiDSiUi.rs

bcl.,.ing t o i l rdxerd c l a e a s . 26 are LC m. unll0.nm.d s e a o r , 1, .TB i n Vi. co-0pr.tivs s e o i o r , Md I r r a I"

:he liEFnssd 8.fi.i. Mom the 3 3 e m p l s salt Ill.nui.e

:iren in Schdu1.d E.er.s qrw?, 11 axe i n ins E e o p r a l l w

.esim, I I are i, ec u n i ~ c n ~ e d rcctor 3rd 1 are in tns

il.n.6 BBCLOT. *I, the 5 s a s n l e .era manvraokvraim In

Bmcw..d T r l b a arcup .re I." Vie unlio=nssd ssotar.

n0rrn.l arr.tim or prduoiron rorivrtu 01

Bait industry in an year Is s lx months. Musv.r, thers

w:ll B ~ F vsria~im. B ~ B L I ~ B ~ i n U I ~ duration oc ma

g&uciIOn acLivlLy on rc-unl 08 s n ~ o n a l uaqorlse.

?or example, m e occurass of cyc1.n- will disiocaks

ma durarzcn ai ths P C D ~ Y C L ~ O ~ ~ C ~ ~ V I I Y . wriw 1971, and 1985 there warm hsaw oyciones M O a. a r s ~ u l ~ mas

were ssr:ous 4iBloczLl.n In Lh. proauctim programma

Of sail L"dWtry i n lraklem dl.trlor.

eart:culua nt t h e duraalon ot the produceion

noLIV.Ly of liE sam,>lB bdli manYIaCLYTeTS are L4rnYnsd

In Table - 4 . 6 glvm bslow. Among Lbe 153 ample a11I mimYTactUrar~, 17.52 psr Eeni have s l y h l moriihp duretion

oT produ0t:on aci iv i :y , 11.29 psr c a t ham a h nonth

duraiion oI *rbu.Lla a c l l v l t y , 3.92 p s W L have levmn

month8 duraLlon 0 5 )?oductlon activity, 2 . 6 2 par call

haw n ~ n e nonms e u r i ~ i o n oi production aciivi~y md

0 . 6 5 per cent have f i v e maniha duratirm oE produEtl0n

c~TlvlLy.

Unmq Lhe B8 sample mnuiaciursrsl who Mve

.iQhi nonklle " u r e t i ~ r or pnnucLirn acr iv l ty , 5 5 are

%n r% unlicen6ed sesiorl 21 arc In Me om~@ratIM

a e o ~ r . and e are tn ine I I E B ~ B ~ eemtoc. rmong LM

& 8 m .. + m I : / " " " y 118 e z l " d " l i

r _ C I _I I 2 I " ' " "

I - 1

j -3 c i

I

: : i + R a , i I X 'Ii i I C I ! 8 , 4 i 1 c 8 n 1 ; I $$!I

,,.-.. I Y E I 1 :- i I 1

i &! > 4 d d i /

5 4 smll lF 9.1. m."YidEir.erI M D "a". .,x ",O"L".

durat ion OC prC-%cklon a E L L d t Y . 21 y e In the

E C ~ P C T . C I \ C ..Eier. 20 ace L" i n * u,li,,sw s.otor

aDd 7 Brt Ln the Ilcensad BEELW. &I1 rb! 6 #ample

ea l r mnuiacrurers wzo have mix m a t n e urnt ti on e1

prmurrim s c t i v i i y arc i n t h e i i ~ e n s e d sector.

-1 tne ' .mplc .a.t N n " l . F L u i s r s un. n i v s oin. rnonlbs d r r r i l c n o l pro6uW:on a c t i v l b y ere i n tho

ltcenled s c c r r r . ~ h c only sno ..I< m s n u ~ a o ~ u r c r

"no n- rive rnontm ducal ion o l p n d u c l i o n a c L l v l i l

ie in me u n i t c m o e aiseorl

ExnerlenEB

P a r t - N l B r s OL a p r i e n e o l ihm .urpio I a l t

"anYEaCLCCem .re iumisncd m Table - I . , ( i l V B " 1.I.W. manu L h l 153 sample S a l k nanuiaotwlcs. 19.22 per oenl

nave cn s*PorilnP oi 16-20 YCATBI 15 .69 per cent 6-IO

year(11 11.12 ~ s r canr 13-11 y " r B I 11.11 peC cent

26-30 y e a r s i 9 .15 P C cent 21-25 YSLI-mI 5.88 P82 s n L

16 ycal8 and a b ~ u e i 1 . 2 7 per senr 11-15 yezra and 1.96

..r cent ha". ar m u l e , * or below 5 y r r s .

Won9 t m 60 sm@a Salk nmuisciurera who

h a w en s x p e r i s n a 16-10 years, 11 arc I n Lhe

i ioensed .ootor i 22 .is i n L I ~ co-opsratiu sscaer and

Lno r m ~ l n l n g i .re i n tna i ieanssd .*ar*r. mDnY Lare

21 sample ..lt m.""ircrurers "h. ha"- 6-LO

years ewerincs. 14 are in Lh. unll~cnled

s e s r - r , 6 are i n the Ilmnssd .sotor -.a 4 arc I" L".

Eo-p.-a:ive ssoier. mVna. in. 21 .unPlrn salt m r n v l r *

TUrars V M h a m I l - L i scar. s x p e r i ~ n s o ~ A Y r r o i n L11s

un:i:en.e .soloil 6 ar. in Lh. ll0l"iiid .ector M b i

mra Ln tne -Dsl8t lvs ..stor. m o i p i i is 11 empis

B a l e r l n u l l c l Y T . ? . V1. hAY. an mparicnoe oc 11-10

pears. II srs in me ce-osanrin .askor. 5 .re in t h e

unllscrscd .eet.r i n d l L. I" rhs .issnsed assLor.

Among ti. I4 sun~lc ~ a l t m ~ n u l ~ ~ L u r ~ r # Who ihrra 11-21

yearn of .x?er i in- , 7 arm L" ens unllrrnaed SaELor .

6 ar. LI :ha ooopraitv. .PELOI. and I U LO i O P LLE.O..d

seo*or. mmng in* 9 I m p l a mait minulrEtUrcra 9 *so

hovs I6 yeacr and r b s e x e r l s e s , 1 rrEn cro i n Llic

l i c ensed .na 4nllccns.d .."tor. and .nc 1. in en>* 0sos.ra-

L L Y C BCELDr. 0. 5 sa>giu .all m*nuia.turon who

have 11-15 years d apsrienoe. 1 & i s In the vnlicens~d

e.Er.r am i .:- I n tna m-aglartlls Beet... *I1 Lne 3 .MPIF .a: ma"Yf.E:Yr.r. who nave brow I I'i. LI c x g e r ~ r n c c in ~ > i ~ r . ~ ? o n ara L O inc licenced

S e O L m .

Tnsrs arm i il.nly Lhrse iYD- .oils sult~bl.

ior P:o*Eri=" DT s.11 I" prliio.arn 6lsLTI.L. "l.., bra*

=layl - . n b i l l a ~ h ELLY am rca-baicn asp mow MS Z ~ Y E C . aam o i a m oiav Inir IS tne m-t r a ~ a l qorr u n i h h c l P 1-1 D c C L l n l hintlest yields.

h q l 3 n E B iit Table - 0 . B given bslm I n d l o a L a ihni 41.83 p s l cmni l ~ g l s salt manulaoiurers hsid blaok

- lap -mil 1.d h o l d i n * . 33.99 per slnr haw sane blsf*-

clay aotl rim h.lcines the rac ln~nq x . l a cent

ihsue rsl-blanR clay no11 Ianb noidlnoe. Unong Ln. 6 0

smple a.,t m a n u ~ ~ E i u r L ~ "no ,>old ,la* shy s.'1 land

h ~ l d l r a , I4 "11 i n Lha 1icsl.d seELor , 12 ilra Ln the

E P o P L T ~ I I v ~ s e c i a - and ths rmalolnq 28 a:. i n the

i n l i c . n s e .ector, monq me I 2 r m o l s S a l k ,,,an"trcluFers, who nola sane-bJaa d a y 101:,11 .re Ln Lhe ilcsnsrd

meci- md 10 are t, Lns unli0anS.d sccrorl Anew Llle

37 su,?l. s a l l mrnuiacrurrrs who h-id rsd ill.=* ELW sail

1.d b.lainQi, 2s ths o ~ o ~ : ~ t . \ s a e c r a and ahc

rmainfina 8 are L" the U n l l c e m B e as=Lor.

ms ownushis riais at ~ a n d ax. usstad

eith-r * I * the Stat. Cousrmnank er Centrnl omern-

a=>:. centr91 oouernnsna la"* .re ismled ."l eoc

20 yeam on rnnerr, bas* rll.r.as Ln. s i o i o oavsr,-

ncnt ,anile .re u"."lh.rUad occupstiors

ParILEUIars Of WLI.." OI .xnegli,iS OL

land ot i n s #a,,,,* ..II n.,uiac:urer, are givsn

t n ruble - 4.9 .iven be la . :he 1 5 1 smpls srli marui~clurere, 63.66 per eon: 'law tmken land

on 1 = ~ e iran strte oovemm.nt lineludlnc LM maithe

riast 0ELU~allOn) ~ n d 16.31 per mot have t a k a land

on lease Me'. i rm C8nlral Covlrmeni .

hDnF tn. 128 ample S l i l L mOnUr.FLureTs

Who hlVB OEN.LC*I Stale rovPrnmsnl lams, l i .re i n Vie

Un1I~enaed s ~ E L O I I i! r v e Ln :lls sC-oP~rAt*us

s a c l ~ ~ i M one I s Ln the LLcmssd ssclor. lil

in. 2s empie salt mmutacruera who nave taken

l a n d on lease irm cpniral owsrn-~lt are i n

>,camad sesssr.

=arki=ulars 01 t h e "war s rrarmanrm

=,I land holdlogs .I =he SIrnpls ..li .muis.ture:.

are iumlshed i n T-bi. - 1.10 siuen below. mong t he l i l a m p l e S a l k mmuiaeiwera. 96.73 per EEnt

3ave en1y one iramsns i n to.1r peaess io , whsreDc

in. resr of i he 1.27 Per can l thaw L l o i radnvnts

I" tiielr p-stgelon.

*no", inn l l 8 B r u n . l t Balk menulac-

:urcrs, *no nave m e ~ r w m n t i n the,! poase=sioq

7 1 ore in ahc unllcenaed seorox. S l are In the

CO-omrdilve s e c t 0 r and 21 ere I n tR i l a n l l s d

aeaor . mon. the 5 amp11 sale manuia"lursn "ha

nay. two T P ~ ~ ~ R I I . i n indr pos - s s ion . 3 are in tns

iloensrYl se0L0r and ihe rssi 2 I r e In U1. UnllcmnaEd

8.ELOI.

The a n a 18 dlv1a.d in60 $our c a l e g o r i e ~

by the s a l e Deparuoent such as oataporlu-1, 11, r r r

end IY. yanriocturera OE satagmy-z h o l d amva

hundred acres. oa te~ory-TZ between 10 and 100 acres

and Eaiworia -IT1 and 1" b l o w 10 a c r e .

The tota: a r a e lyld undir c * i i i va t ion 05 S a l t under Lha occupallon oI i h e 153 Iml#ple aal i -

!nanu~aoturen ie o ~ ~ ~ p v t e d a i 52l.01 acraa. zi o n b.

oberved i r w 'table - 4.11 giwn below t h a t t h e area bnCe: 0 c ~ p l l i o . n by e a O oi the 42.48 per cent sample

salt manuicciurer !.! l e s s than one ccrs. 31.11 per

cent or the a m p l e s a l e ~ranutac~uran nail 1-2 acres,

9.80 per cen: hold 2-3 rcrasr 11.71 per 0-i hold

3-10 act-, 2.62 per cenl bola 10-(0 acrsei 1.31 wr

oent h0.d 4 C d O a c r e and the r - i o"he 0 , G I pmr

mni hold LO-100 .opes.

*or$ the 65 earnole s a i L #oanulaciurlrsr

who hold l e s s bhm 1 acre el*, 23 are Lo the unliurnsed

I ~ C C B I 40 50 me cc-operatius sactor and P are

ID the limnsed ascbor. mong the P B ample s a l t

m a n ~ c a ~ t ~ m r s , wno hold 1-2 acrae. 31 ara i!) m o

u n u s e r s e d o=okorl 8 rr- I n the ~ t c s ~ ~ e d

the rernainin~ B ere c b w o p e r a t i v e e e o ~ o r ,

M O n e 1s mem.1e B.lL mMLIl&uror. wM h.,,i 2.1

ao-slr an FanY ar 11 ir. i n th. w l i rnnaed sector.

1 are in L P S o c o p o r a i ~ v e e e e o i ..a thu one

la i n i h a I l a n s d eecbor. OT me t o ta l 18 smpi.

malt mcnUTactUler~ w M noid 1-10 aErsl, LY are In

ils vnl losnsed sector a d 8 arc in Lha i i s o n a c d

~ ~ E L C T . A I I i h ~ i annpls salt sanrres8ursn vno hold

LO-130 acre8 era L. the llEenesd ss0l.r. The averep.

area pet homehold i s snmputed ~t 3 . 4 3 acrc. urnreas

~t .s 12.33 acre* i n ~ ~ s e r s s d aecior. 2.0s acre- i n

v n l i c e l s * secic:. and 0 . 8 , acr. L" cmilerat1re aecior.

ut ILisakion of Land X o l d l ~ - @ ~ ~ ! ~ ~ L ~ f i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e y ) - -- The ~ . r a t i o n a l c l l l c i s l c y otnur wia . known a.

PerbnLnge of "liliSlti0" oi Ian, can ba canpuled .a

l 0 l l O W S l

n l t l v s r s d area uetlisairm oi ~ c l d holdings . x LW

*re. ""as: p s s e a l ! o n

Partlmlars D l psrcentaye i k i l l a e l i s n of iand

holding- oi the sample s i t m y i u t a a w r r i s are diacuslsd

m mus - 4.12 boioa oi tam rater 153, rr manu ar 76.51 cent nsva 96-100 per onr opsiarion.1

eC1i.L.n.y mils U l s rsn.1ninp 29.49 per Eent I**

belor 66-95 por cant 0psraLL~al e l l1 d s n 0 y .

I GO A~.llong the I14 amp:= .ai l manuiactursra who

have an o p s r a t i o n l e f i i c imcy oi 96-LW per sent, 5 1

are I n co eparatlve aeoLorl 45 are i n ths un l~censsd

1 8 C i O I and U l e rest Of tnr LB a r e i n Ule I?mnaed

BBCtOT. The iumrape operatima1 s f i l c l ancy Is 100

par e n t :n m o p s r a i l w eactor wharaae 1L.ia.96r17rr-

per ccni i n Lnllccn..d me0t.r and 81.10 wr mnL i n

l icensed secto:.

nesrp-:nd Layout oi rqa s a i l work8 by 51.s of the -- - -- -- -- - - - Len6 E ~ l r i ! ~ ~

S a l t t m h n ~ l q l y malnly depends upon the dcaign

i n i t i a l density c: brlna i s !ndlepanaabie t o prepare the

layout of r a l b worb. ~orma i ly m a brlna v a r ? r bstveen

2 . 5 0 Ba. and 3 . 3 ' 6". and Lne auboi l brine Mr l - era>>

1-10. %a. 1.0 2 1 0 ~ e . rr LB o b a r v v d that a l l klrr 151 aunsla

s a l t rmbiac:urers wad t n e a u b a o l l brlna t o manufaBure

s a l t brine depends upon saasonsl f l i c ~ u a t l o n a r varyim

f c m 5 ' Be, l a 1J. 88.

E?!SKYSE A s a l t work Eapr i se s mainly of rhrsa typaa of

paw VII., r a s e m ~ i - ~ , EDndlWBn and c rys t e l l l s e r* ~ h s

main purposs of mnatructinp the r e e r v o i n i n t o store

~ l i i f i ~ i m t b l n a and a l i t l l s omorniraks brine ~n

t t . ~ LniLizl density stape. ~ h s y are l a i d ~n eerie.

in a u a a way that brine 1s ertered with a s p c l i i o

gravi:y inio the condensers.

g&mp Condinlsl pans ars muoh emilllsr ihen t h o

reservoire. ~ h s c o n c m k r a ~ e d br ine sntsrs i r m ;ns

reservoirs i n to ocnirnaers ha a a ~ n dieearen-

bcrWBen Lhe reamrvoin md =ondensere IS t h a t the

io-,er s t o i e the brine in ins in ib ia l atage while

ths l a i er Slora i h e sslceni ialed brlna, Fir brlns Is

let: out Ink. th. c:y.lalll..r pnn..

Thd E~YBL.,,IIIP pan. .re l a id w1:n a bed

of l a y in o -11 Erne~iidalad mmnn8r by PUddLl"Y and

tamplnf. hay are mads with 100 par cent pe rml l i t lm

procd and Lhe Eonom L r a t d b P b a I I iUllY inpelvlous.

~ormally, t h e orig:nal vorume oi tine i s isduced t o

on#-ienth of ine t i n o oi mle r ing i n t o the rrrysta-

l l sze r pane. ms conccntrata brine reoalna Ln ary-

s t a l l l ~ ~ r s i l l l ~i a t t a i n s a danslty oi 198Ba. and the

ociiilncl voluw Is i a d u o l Lo 1 p r EmL. The dry

W l el- Lhs r ia - 0; il. srl.i.lllssr pans .rs "sod

LO B t O l e t h e ecrapca e.1t for me o r iwo day..

PBTCIN1b.S Or tns c.s,gn ma ,a jDvt .I 8.1.

works or t h B sample B a l l m""lbCLYr.lB I r e pT."Ldcd

i n T a b l e - 6.13 a d 4.14 glveo below. Of Lha Lotai

arc4 Y n d l r r u l t i v d z i ~ n el B a l k (136.48 1aTsB1, L11)

area vnisc rtesrvoirs "orb out Lo J2.0L per crnk,

cOnNn8.r' 11.31 par B n L , Oryllall isers 43.92 pCT

Cane C d OIDBrs 0 .45 PCT B n l .

*.np tN P? aam.1s a n i t manui.cb"rEra ""0

noia rose:voirs, Eonbsnilars, c y s t l l l l a e r s aria o m o n ,

ii =-a I" tnc unl l ce , sd a e s i o r . il ar. i n tic c*rrmr.-

$,Ye P."\or rnd I4 ars .n th. Itcwrsed seoror.

Ci Lna roial area undcr culrlvdtlm oi

Llalk (188.11 a c r ~ a l , Lhe *red Ynd-F EDndenlei l works

to 17.81 ~r omL, cr?stalliaePLI 4 L . E ) psr cant md

0Lhm-a 0 . 5 7 P.1 mt.

wOng ens is sanpls salr mmiirrc~urere, who

hold EnndemeFI. orys la l i l rar s and oihurol 11 i r s i n

ine oo-wrarrue sscror. 21 are m ins unliocreed seobor

-04 12 .1. in ma l icarned s-oior .

173

The o v e r d l layoul r&LLo mono (he ru..r,%,,r..

S0n*nSSre a d Er3mLOI.LIerI is 0.1.110.iEil.00 w!IBiBmB

t"P i.y-ut rat lo Mtwe." Ul. cDndsnscrs and cr?siolli*.r.

Is 1.1911.001 I\EESn$lng L O Lh. norm or ul# salr

C.pir*",S7L1 the rstio beisesn r c ~ e r v o i : s - o m - s a d ~ n ~ ~ ~ a

is 111. To rum UP. Lhe OIBTaii dc81.n aria isrout r.Llo

:n *la l l"d9 i. t r . d i i l . n u l y .doplsd, hoDs insrs m a YLds O - 0 l l D Z l n g 01 t h i s ISSYC belwccn th, .ample salt

"nuf~cLureZs and Salt ncpb-Vnsni.

PaI;LmLara .i O L l i l n ana I r y O u L et the land

n o i a x n g 01 t n s sampta mat manueasturers .re turn~mhsa

i n Tabla - I . 15 . i v a bin*. mon. me 10 r i c e . slie- nroup, tn. r.

1:s 3M9_rnW? 0"PiRW-

L "oleKI?thl [Feture. D I ;n. ,elk rndv.rry I.

that L L is more lnbour Intsreivs. aeneratlny unplollncnl

o ~ p s ~ t u n i i i ~ ~ and rr w n i r e ~ i e v s to *-,. sxtent unmple"mnt and ailguireil unm.1.y.at i n Irjrialluro

BPCIOI. It prDvid$. mpicmnt during t r s p s r i o d hL*smn

Os-bc rnd sun. i n sl the c u e . wnrn a p p ' n u n i t i a ~

L O T c p r i o l l l u r c labourer. .r. .I.-* nil. Ti>"., * a l l

IndiStTy 9e"e'LLa. (Implgvml-L t o the Sara, pwr dur,"" in*

P C l i o d YnsF T i B R are ro msnroonr. who e r s 0 i l .n sirsorsa

by iloo* and EyolQnes i n E O I O L . 1 d l l i T I E t . DI Mmr.

srmesn.

EmplOymai t * e i i u n i l : s s I n e r l l I n l r s i r Y may be

broadly biuld .* i i n l o two L.0P.I I , mcms reIaL'"4 t. pr.-

p o r l l l u n OC be.. pY(idlingl ssnd ..>?llsnllun. L r r i y r l i v n l

na;uilitmd. ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ n a : i ~ , . ,*rp~n. and l u . ; ~ ~ ~ wnicn a r e Purely -5 a run . ""lira. O I C D > I . D , Lh. LLeL

operEL.P1 Inry91nvI Is our .II. tns e c o e oI tm sLu6y1

( d l X a r h B t h . an0 PDdCri". .re tN cx- maior O P F r s L l a B

i n tn. g.nara~~~n DI m?:oymm~ mroum ino wt i n d l a i r y .

I" *his part, an .reape is mdc to GusnLily m s enpiolmmt

poronrlal 01 Cne sali i5duaLrv.

IrBD.r.:io" & beas L. m* Drcl iminary opsi.CiM

ior the oinmencnnmi or t h e salt inamtry a i tne ~ ~ g i o n i n q

Of the e w r y aeamm. Ih. main tun=ii.n .rs ei..n:ra 0:

the r o w riasea of *a lnnd md streng:hening t h e ridge.

:o preven: me sea wire entnrlnp the n u t r w m e r

L" ihc low lying area* t h U 0perall.a is .lie wee", i D

pro-ec: the rcasrwirs, c ~ n d n e e " .nd 0rJ.irrllsr pa"*

irm bhe ilomBd raLn waier a~ f a r as p ~ ~ a l b l o .

i n r l y e i s oe we psr acre enploymonr oe me aanpis

s z l : mnuisolursr. i n prepdraeion of beds I. p r ~ e n t s d I"

~ . b l a - 4.1 Q ~ Y C O 3~1.~. ~ m g me 153 s ~ i p l s e a l t manu- i ac turere~ I : . 8 1 oar Eent n v a o e d 6-13 person days Per .ore.

iG.18 psrEBnt en91904 :.-IS p a l m drys. 18.10 P e r mni

smsi3d 11-20 ~%rsnnday#. 7 . 1 4 psr csn i enyaoM 21-23

""eondiys, 4 .58 c+Tt cniagea 26 .lo peraondala md L,r

rest the 1.27 per cark enowed b a a * 5 psr*mdw~ per

a"rm.

I the ta.1 64 S.YTDI. ~ a l i ~ ~ ~ Y I ~ C ~ U F B I T "no

sn0ig@ 6-80 .ec~ondrys pel: acre, 11 arm in Lhs v n l l E a n l l d

lector, 11 are i n UIa st-oparaklre sactor and I4 are i n

i h a l i ssred sactor *man. tha 17 ormil e a l t manulac-

tui.ra Wio ongaged 11-11 parsondwsrl7 aim in U1.

unlloensed secbor, I! are Ln Ule O P O P r L L % M SI ICLW

17c an" rle r c e L oL t h e P Ira I n the i l o e n a d ilecior. 0: ihc

t o t a l 2s Pk l lP1C ..II mmYP.ELYIaPs wvn ,.**"yo dI..iO

p e r s o i d ~ Y S Ssr acrer I3 are i n Loe oeoperattm s e c t z

15 aru i n me u n l ~ n ~ e a asVtor. bong tm 11 .ample

a a l i r-ruraoku-rs wo (nrjaged 21-25 prsonaiys psr acrs.

BS many m B arc i n LhB *a-spera:lw leELorr 1 .r. i n Lim

UnllcEnSEd BeciOr a d 1 I. i n t h e Itcenaed sector . Of UIa

t9i.l I sam.i. #.it mmrl.clurer. who m.nyea ,'-10 *r .a,,

aI,"FB FCET, a. hi* YI 5 are L" ihe Ec-opsnL'w *.ator.

one Lli I n ta. 1IFcW.d .BELO: .d LilOC1.T 1 L1 i n t h e

u n l l c c * d sea:er. Unmq t h e 5 .ample .onLl.ciur.rs

w * r engage* balov 5 e a n o n d r j l per ave . 1 are in m a

rrllcenscd seem; a,d cne 1 in kh. >,=ens* se0r.r a d

arnrler 1 (s I n t h e c c o p s r a l l r s ssctor. In bclat. 88

per cpnt .i rre .a*p1. ,.IL mulul.siunn mpioyed mlow

1 3 p u n s n d l y e per r c r a Ln ?rop&rir inn C? b o d .

P u d d l l n ~ is the ErYEIal ~ P r l t l o n In rh.

m a n Y i b C k Y T l " ~ Di ..lt. TL 18 "0thl"l out .pplIcritl.n oi

EDI~.EL,Y. WOEk lorCB on we rae iuo i r . l , "ondanrer# and

C r y a t a i l l * r r pens tr pzweQ ins si lLDXlge cP ths Lnltlri

and a m g n t T a L e h l n a i n t o toe roil. .n aMrL, the

puddllncl o p - a ~ i o o Inu0lves a b i t c h of Irbmr IoinlnO

mrn vrt- sacn other rm oraars the to ensure L h r i LL is n o r absorbed i n mc nub-eo,i brine

01 tne earih. ?". main o>.rat:.ne r r . c.n.LNa'.n

DI ana i l clay- and am1c.ii.n .L woe . O i l nrev.ntiw

ihe era11 era* on the :idgel or iYndl . Bndrr Lhe

.OIBPI ' I IE I.I.YL .I ..li M*b. o n l y uy.t . i , i .sr

pan- ars PUdrilsd 101 1- 01- *=as LiT1B. dPPeml".

"0' the soil. But, ii. ..It Yolk. YndeC LhC iC.diliD"..

system e = p c c i . l l y ~n =aomerstLve a d unlicensed eestore.

T ~ ~ B I Y O L I B . C S ~ ~ E ~ B C T B w.5 crl8:allisor s n s are puddl-

I O I d l l l n l n v l Of thrac t i m a .

Anl iy8- of ?cr *ere w l o y m v l i I n p d d i i n y

operation .i Lh. l r n ? 1 8 ..,I manUL.SI"rBri .is pr.uiaed

i n Teble - 4 . 1 1 g 2 v a belox OI Lh. Lou. 153 B u P J e D a l l maru :ac tuam~ 44.

r a n u l i i c l Y r B l S who enuspee ICl- lr i psrS0nd.r . 18 ars

Ln rhs inliosnsc8 eecbor. 1 Are in ins Il0cns.d ss~lor

and t n s r u : OI tlg 1 sra in ihc crop*-all- .acCm.

OL th. i o t a 1 22 IMII' S . I I mLnul.cLuiBrs who sn.ay.a

11-71 prssr?BYs, 11 ars i n Lhm u n l l E c n a e d sectar. L Bra

1" Lhc cii-oPe"LL"e .CFLP. ."a 5 Ira 1" the 13cen.sa B C i t S L . . Unong ens 8 .amp>. sat ronuloclwerl l un- ."..id 'Dole* 50 per.."**, I are in Lh. Oeopsr~b ire

..E:OT, 3 s r ~ in tne Ilmnsed sector and on# h i n tho

uniliil.d sector. Of the tobe, 5 .amols sali ninu-

j a ~ ~ Y e r ~ wno e n s a s d us-no p r a o n a s e par rcra. I are i n th. u n l l c s n s d a.ciarl L i s in b y e I l O e o l c d

B.EtDI M d .noit.r are Y I" Uls EPopr. t IVB .sr l . I .

A 1 1 L M T.NII",L. 22 .dm._P Idt OI.nIfaCLYr.TI *no

enOLy." 111-171 " l a o n h i . pmr am. .* Irr Lbs emP"dil"s B B C ~ ~ r . T~ 100 cenr oi mo SL~PL. cart

m.nYf'cLU~er. L. 1ic.eea IrOaP. and "nliceracd ..=tar

S.6 58 sent m co-cPcr.Liv. lE0L-r B m ~ l ~ ~ e i C81.W 153 I.rrmrsr8 PBT .OF# L" P Y d a i l " Y Ovr .L ion.

prwsnt t h e dsvel0pner.t I m a l l crecha and .top 3 0

a-or.cion oI sibsoil cenmniraled bi:n. into in-

11011s. The apolrccrion oi sand i s canpuleory t o the

blaEh c i a y s o i u .

Anlilysis o f p c .ore a m p ~ o y m s n ~ i n *an#

t g v l i c i l i o n OE ills .."#Pi. . a i i ,".""trEtrruio I.

p i e s l n t s d in mb;e - 4.m bsiou. mong t n e 153 s l m l s salt manraslunrsl em l r l n l as 35.95 prrr oanb

e n ~ a @ 6-10 p=sandar psr a ~ r o , 1 6 . i ~ pe c m s ~ 26-30

peizmddya, 15.03 per cent 11-15 g e r s o l h y a , 1r.42 per

cent ilelo~ 5 personiaya. 5.88 per' omnt 16-20 perlmaeys,

2 . 6 1 DLIC cent 11-35 ~arson&aya, t . 3 ) p e r cart bava

ereaoed 11-23 earemdays par acre and ule ranalolng

10.16 C r cen: rave nst a p p l l u l a a n l LO Lhe lali

r le ld l .

M I ~ O Lha 55 sample e a l t manuiacluisrs who

enaiped I-LC persaflays per amel 27 are i n unllcenseu

aeciar, 17 are ~n iw m-o~srailve pactor anc the r a b t of

t b I 1 ars Ln t h e licansed ~ s c l o r . of t i e total 23 ample

a d : I ~ ~ U E ~ ~ L U R ~ who =nilaged 26-10 pvraoniJaya per

acze, u hign u I 3 .i. i n :ha cc-opirsrallre seELor 4od

I are in ee ~ ~ l i o e n s e d s s o ~ o r ~ n n n g &he 1 3 aarnpla

lait m.nur.ctureca who an(ialed 11-15 ~ a r ~ o n d a P , as ,"MY

as 13 rrs in ihe unli.cnsed semOr . 7 are in i h a

coopmati- 8ecL.z and tm m a t oP; ~n t h a l icensed S=ELOT. of i n s b o t a l 11 amn1. a a l i lnvluaacLurora "no

e?l..Fd belo* 5 I".oodays.P are L" ms Unli0snl.d

(laELaz. 6 are i n %he l l e o n a e d seciol: and I arm %n ma

Co-DPeZIIIIQ B.CtDT. O t L i e toial P l m p l e saii m.ru-

iaciurers who angagd LL-20 persondays, I rrm i n khe

unllEBnsrd OB"LDZ d d Lhe Icel ot t,ia 4 are i n *.,a

Ilconsed secior. sinil.rly, od the iota, 0 s v n p l s s i i

a2nddsc:urcie who agagsd 31-35 wnoofaysl 3 arm I n Lns

uniicensed ssoLrrr and one i s the l'cansed seol;or. Oi i n e

total i smple manuiacwera who rnycsad 2?-25 .ouaada j l

one U in ihe liomnad sesior and MoUler 91- Is i n tho

ur l imn9ed s e c t o r All the L6 sanp1e halt manriaoturec8

wno nBys app;?ea sand LO mm ssl: w e r b ars in :ha

unlic.nsr0 ssoaoc. m b r i e f , aooui 10 per ccnt of tlE 1m9le r.1t ,rlnuiacCursrs eny.?.d below a0 pareonders

Per anre in a>?lymp sand t o ;ns s a t iinld..

3rrig.t:on -- BuDSOLI brlne U PWPBd U I I O Y O I I Oil s.vins/

alectrls notor io PLII me ressrvoirs -&/a omdeniers

Channel8 are i i is i a l n Source oi l u ~ p l y ot Uls Su*SOi l

brine io i r r i p a h ~ l ~ l L ii.,as. camrally th. number o l

a im- vatEr is s ~ ~ p 1 l . a LO ..it ..M Y more i n .urnn.r

n o n i i . k c e w e o i tna nisn evaporation

mLlYels 01 Der ae-a arplgmmr In ~ ~ r i ~ ~ ~ i l m

o i LN sample sa l t mlnuiacturcrs i e p n v i & d in

Table - 6.19 g i r a n below. knong iM L11 a,mpls 0a:t manuieckurers, a. many as 45 .71 per csnt enjayed 16-23

penWinwe cer r ~ r c t 3 9 . 2 2 >u: oent 8-15 pnmdlp,

8.53 ) c i mnt 24-11 person6aynr 1.27 pe. cent 32-39

pFnmdoY3i 2 . 6 1 p r cent 40-80 parscode3s an> L.le

rest OL the 0.65 y r con* snyao~f . below 7 paramdw~

pbr aom Ln irr!yitlny br!nc to the r s l t iluua.

alncog the 10 smgla ~ U L ~>anviacturure, wllo

EnValeC 16-22 PcPemdays per acre In irr!,*aiian, 10 are

I n the o r o p e n r i v e sector, 19 are in kila unl icens&

eecicr an^ t ne ret of ine II ace i n t h e l i c e n b d s ~ c t a .

01 the t o t a l ac r a r p l a salt manufacturers mo e n o r ( j ~ e

8-LI poreonda#, a9 r i g h as 18 arc i n i h o Unllcmlel

rector, L1 are i n tb c ~ o p a r a i l v e seslor s d 9 are Ln

he l iocresd sscLar. Unong i*i 11 s m i l e I a I L manuircluoce

who lnlagbJ 24-31 p e r s ~ n d d y l ~ 5 are in ihs O o - O F r e l i ~

mscbor, I i n the l i c e r s s d ee~tor ar i l moth- 4 are

:" rhs uliicanagl sector. of r h t o t a l 1 sullpie so l e

.anu6ac~urers who arga~sd 12-19 pelaandays. 3 rra i n the

C O - D ~ ~ ~ I I V ~ act^, 1 i e tn ins l imnsea lector am

~lnokher L to ~n ths vn~icennsd Bactor. he only onc eat m l n i i a o i u x e ~ who engaged balm 7 pwmdays per acrs

is i n i h i ',.onled s.ot*r. *I, t". I s.npl. sell

mii lu lnoi i -ers who aneased 40-80 poraonddye a r e in

:-ie urliconeed sector. rn brief. 86 per oent oi

t h s s m ? l c Palk manulaolurerB emaaed below i l

peRondays p r r o r e i n i r r l g a i l n ~ brine t o . a l l

iislds.

" " " C ' t ' ~

*its. in* omrnmo~m~ne ai ine prslimrnary

O I e r a L l O n l , $040 eaym are required 16 harvest Ule

iirsr or- oF O a l L ~ W i l h the hslp * ."rapping boat. h. iorm.* U Y D ~ 1 broken mi0 iniwerabl . ombar oi r m . ~ cryoia- lllrei6 known ar haruealirii. The manuiacturen alilso keep

218 C ~ Y S ~ ~ I ~ L . M ~ ( a l t tne uoae oi ae u y s a a ~ ~ . ~ s r

pa- i n -5,s oper.iion.

k d y a i s o~ p r .or. empioymnt II harvest ing

01erm110n .l the .anpie .r1t muuireiurers i. discussed

in ?able - 4 .20 awn below. OL LM tad 151 ample a*,: ..nui.cturar., as .any .s 45.10 plr 0.m en0ill.e

11-75 penondey. per acre I n harvasi lnl opSratlOn.

23.63 per: cenk 10-lm Parsondays, 20.26 P r cant 26-50

peROn&aysl 10.46 prcent LOI-LII DseOndaYs and the

rsnsininp 0.65 ssr cent mpcgsd mlw 25 D l s o n b l e

man1 LhB I? ern?,. ..li .onuf."tur.P x"o

e n s s ~ e d 11-75 P a r s ~ n d - s a asr amre Ln huv - t lns

onsratson. 4 1 are ~n me uniieenrea sactor. 11 i.

the cc-op.r.tl"e sect- end ms r.sr 0 s bile L, in

8" - 1 I C e N s d ~ t E i m r . OL U l e Lot.. I6 smplo a1It mdnv-

T ~ ~ Y I U S who an.-gea 76-roo p ~ r s m a ~ u s . I . tns c ~ - o 3 e r L I I v ~ S e i l O T , B are In ine unllen.sd roctor

an6 1 ire i n the Ilcsns.0 sector . *mono khc 3 1 ~ a m ~ 1 ~

B a l l ; "M"*dELUT. le 4) P..."d 26-10 p.ilo"d*js,..

n'gr as 17 are :n iis u n l i u n s e d a e c i e , 3 rro i n Lho

lioinsie eaoror m a 0,. v m rhe i ~ a ~ s ~ a i r i s rocrmr. Or the t O L 1 1 L6 Baxpl. S U l -.,ki.ELYI.F. who olg.ged

LOI-LII peramaays,- nign as u rre in tiu co-op.r~t:m C E E ~ D ~ and - IW LB I ~ T C i n LPS ~ ~ i e n s s d sactor. m e on19 one sample . a l l nrn.raELvre. W#l. ny .poa w.ou 2 1

>cr..ndcy. per LCrc I. , " % - l * 1 1 ee0t.r ."IS. On tho

x, ri. .laUL 9 0 .Lr E",,I .P L,," rmllpl. # a l l Il,*.uiuSLurOrY enp.z.2 blow LO2 p.rscndlya &er .or- L" h.r"sarlnu ooerablon.

TransEr>dlim I s.it ---- Ths cry~ZsLLIrBb s-t is l i i t - b L n u l trsXsie

erd cerrlcd on headlcads t o Lh. ei6%ge plaLlo;m m

drying ~ r c l m s . Drpsnblw upon Lha d h t ~ n i e Irm Ln'La-

11186~. LD L". sLDT..8 D l i b I D m , she "WbV 0s

IldDW... mpleyd "hilee firm on. rmnullELUrer Lo

another manueioiurar. ?or a i l m e L W F ~ o e c k m . it

LB a cmmm pr.ELicg LO .tore ..It on camon ICOT.".

p i d L T D m 0 WhiEl are s I I Y a L e d *cave 1 i r v b nrqn t o ma

l e d oi the o r y a i ~ u i = e ~ pane.

*n.lYsi. .i Par aerc ..pl.y"!al i n Lrm.-

pertatlo" Of S.It or the lunplo e.1i minr

SCCL(V and . 1s I n the cc-op*rr:iw s ~ s k u ~ . ~i" o n l y

02. emel. sa.r aznviactwer W ~ O cng.yed 111-180

p s r s c n d r ~ e la ir t h e I l e s m e d e a c t a . TI)*, 74 p w

cent oi t h e aainple erlt manuiacturera engaged b d o w

P O parsondays per acrs in transpwttnq sale ior

S L O r a 1 . P"rDe(iBI.

, eapLr,t,-9-?t ----- H s a p l l l is done manually i n all salt work~.

hs psr the rules of ens salt oepartmen~, ma-iiacrursra

n e e not briig salt to the sroceac g r m d inr naapiny

3UTpOBeB. Normally, salt map. are red* in recteng.,ar

syramid snape 2nd are cowred wirn pamyran iaaves.

:uribu, iheae lea-

1 per-ondays. 3.92 per cenr B-ll p u a o n d s y s , 2 . 6 2

?Br cent 12-15 pera.nely. and Lne rsrn.in1ny .,.lo

per c e n t nave nor snprgrd any psrsone L O P n a p i n .

01Bl lb i lOnR.

Mlona L M 2 6 smpim e a i i m a n u ~ ~ c l u r i . r n uh.

enoaved 4-7 9eisondSY.l i l .re L" ens "nli'enaed ..EL(IT

""6 9 a r c L" LIn I:cen..d .eotOx. OI Lho r0i.r 10

who m n s a w a irelev 3 perooneav*. s are in rhs uniiEsnssa

SSELS~. I ara m tile ~irsr. .sd suoior a d L L ~ r o s ~ oc I are in coaperaliue senior. Uiong ens d s a n p l s aalC

n a n u f a c b u r ~ i n xnn engaged 8-11 p a r ~ o n d s y l , i ars i n

l iceneed s e e l a and me r.*.lnlnp on. i. i n Lhe un- licensed .e:tor. A l l the 4 .ample a a l L mmufcc lu ror~ ",I0

snp'ied 12-11 per,indsy. are i n Lhe l l c n l s d eicter

o n l y . CT Lne L0t . l 97 ""0 nave ".*L cn.np.d any Irnwarer*

L" aenplrg Omrrl 'on. 49 .re i n %he uni i -eed sscior

&,,,I 4" 1rn i n E*op,rrllul .ocrm. zn S l o r l , h l o " 7

ps"ondsys asrs r. tn. =".rage SLzsyroup to h..P ? I S Ball.

All .Pmr.tloas .- Anliysis Of per .cr. t o l s i mproynant I" *I>

o P ~ r ~ ~ I o N o: U l e s a m ~ l e . a l l m s n u l a o t i r ~ r . La prmIentod

i n Telle - 4 . 2 3 q l v ~ n below AmenQ t h e lil elrrple salt m.""t.OLUr$rs, 3 i . Y 1 D.. Eon& cny=.ail 201-150 P'FS0"d.Y.

per ame. 29.41 p ~ r cent 2i1-1?0 persondays, 11.18 per

oenr 1101600 w~roodnya , l i . 7 6 per r r o i 101-150 pemoo-

days, 1.11 P p . cent 351-400 par8onaa)s an0 anolml: 3.17

PO' c s n ~ s n y r y a = l o r 20: psrsandays pmr asre.

Among tile 38 rampla salt i m u i ~ c l u n r . wile

enpassd 201-110 pErsonBye, 11 are In the unlienmsd

I eCLOP. 17 ~ I B in the o l o p e r s t r w . a c ~ F .uld 4 are In

:n* li:.nllod sector . of i h s total 4 % aamp2. malt manu-

EaCtUIar@ W I C eneaO*i 111-302 ~ r ( i ~ n d s ? s . 24 are i n thc

" n l i ~ ~ n . s d ..c:or< ?I dCB i n h s l i ~ e n l e d sectrr M b

:he rma ln 'n i 9 ars i n the coopial :" . . rc to i muri

i i -p 18 ample sat manuPaCLWBrS Who sn0Byeb 101-110

P B I S O ~ ~ ~ Y I ow acr., e arc in tn. lisenaed sector, anorha s are in ihe unlicensed sector and me reat oi

1 era i n t i e oeoperekive meoiw. among 5 s l u 1 2 ~ a s a l t

lanuiaclursrr who rngaved Mlw 220 peremdWl, 2 I r l

L, the I I ~ ~ , O B ~ JBE~Or, ane~blr I ~ T S in mc ~ , ~ t o s n n e b I ( F ~ L * r M *her ;re is ~n o o - o ~ a a i l w sasioc.

AIL t h e 6 eunplc ar ib maouieceule.- *o snvaysd

%1-m3 pmindays srs t n me unlirrnsrd a e o t ~ r , AIL

Lhe 22 s m p . . s a l t nanulaotuois who Mja lcd 401-500

persondays, .re in he oc-oprrorl- scoior. m LMI

Whole. I , esr -"i of me ..,np1. ..I* monuisceur.rs ewaem

belor, 300 parsondays p a .om I n ill ODPla l lOoa of Lhc

0.16 industry in PrrXaran d l a t r l c t .

~art1cu:ars 06 per m e rrmt of )rupnrrt ion

of -68 of a e sanpla salt manutacrursrs ars iunitah*

in 7ab.e 4 . 2 4 . monq ihe t o h l UI n m p l c a r l i manu-

raEtursrsl 39.81 BBI ~ s r * I ~ w paid wain8 i t , ti?" ranye .I

R. 51-100 pm . U S 1 2 7 . 4 5 Per Cent pBid h . IO1-1SYI

l6.99 per cenL paid L.L51-1001 1.84 per ~ e t l k palo

11.201-250, 1.38 PBP Fent paid Pl.iiL-I00 a n d tilo rest

o l Llts 1 . 2 1 p0: cent h a v l p e i C Myer 0: b l o w R.50

Par aoze.

mcnl the 6I smpls s a l e manulaclurere wlo

p ~ i d w a g e ~i b s l - l ? ~ -ie- acre i n preparaiion beds,

38 are i n the unlicanaed secbor. 14 %re i n the co-o~.r~-

t i - seetor and 9 are i n i h e i , u n s * sccior. OE the

torel ( 2 who pala wages oi e.,o1-1ioi 19 nru ~n

unlloeneed BsOLor. I3 are I n the llcsniod ss0:cr and

10 are in i h s ~ O - o p e n L i M ssstoc. 4lnml tllll 10 Who

gal0 wales of L.lil-d00,L3 are i n Lha sm-oPsrnilv~

s e e o r , 12 are i n Lls unllceneed .emtor, era 0"s b i n

the 1.csnsed s e o l r . Od the total 12 who p e l d way=

01 L.201-ZI0, s are i n the cc-oparalluo leobo:, 1 are In ins vnllcanssd ssotnr end me i e in khe licensed

seskCC. mong k::e 7 who paid w y s s mt I Y . r i l - l O 3 r 5 are

in E P O ~ ~ ~ ~ I L Y ~ ~ e o i a r , me is i n use l lcens~.a

seneor( and ano~oer m a is i n ine unl.ounacd ssctor.

I n b r i e r * 7'. percsnl el Lhe e a n ~ l r sa l t mlnulacturers

p a l d wage O E below L 1 1 0 ~ c r .ore i n p r . p u d b l o n

oi bsde.

! $ ~ - L " ~ " ~ O ~ ~ ~ e J 2 2 ~ & "

OarLioliard of tne pet acre ECSL .I Wddll".

of me s e n o l ~ salt manuiaoiuwrs are prsaun~ed in

Tablc - 4 , Z ' i . wm(i tile 153 silttple .it I ~ Y ~ U I ~ C L Y I E ~ S , 44.44 pa: cent paid waqss in bhc ranle of 11.751-1030

per acre, 18.10 per ~ e n i pala b.1001-lii01 14.38

EenL p a i d b.501-75Ci 5.21 pll cant paid blow IU.500,

3.27 per pa:d b.1211-liom 2.61 per cmni paid

belo* N.401-17301 1.27 par Fsna pat8 bl75:-iMO;

2 . 6 1 Oe: cen: paid SS.2001-22301 4 . 5 s 0.: cent m:d

h.2ZiL-25OC and the reaninlq 1.31 par s n t paid wwel

OL Il8.IIUI.I,IU,

mong the 68 sample a a l t manufa0ku:era who

waees a.711-1000 per acrer I I are i n me u n l ~ i a .

..a .cEi.r, 15 are i n Lha cc-olarai:ve esclo.- and LhO

r e n a $ n i n ~ M c n tns liceossd s e c ~ o e o t tha torel 28 who !'id Wall e 1'.1031-1210, 16 a

01.501-710. :I i r e Ln Lbs u n l i c 4 n . M sooror, 6 are in

:he co-gocrarive s c c ~ o r end i err in the iior,,.ed

BBEtOP. Oi LhF Loto B Wha *.,a Y.F.8 DI m,.w

P1.500, 4 =e i n i h a OE-operative sscror, 1 rre Ln the

110i1lid seelor and iln o l l c r onc I# i n t h e vnliovnred

BsELo:. mow Lhc 5 who Faid *we. or h.12 l i l i O " ,

I a n Ln Lbc urlicsn.ed seolor , one $8 L n tllL Ilcenurd

m e c : ~ arid anolncr ons Ls i n Yls o - o = a r t l u u e r o i o r .

A i l t i - i i BdrngiC B l l l i I,,a""c.elYnT. *he pais wasas c i

s " . l i O L - Z 7 i O ar. i n L". cPo?er.ll". s s i t o i . I" enort.

a h a * 9' pix rrni L LhE ..mgia . a l l nrnuiaclur.r. P'Ld

vlpea of below b . l i O C par ac!a i n ~uddllng weratton.

Parilcul .ra ai psr acre cmL .i DppllcaLion at

Bann oi tns ea,nois sale n a n u i a c ~ u n r e are i u r n i s ~ m a in

1.iibl. 4 . 2 6 . Nnwy thS 153 ..,",ls r r l l manuiOELurcrs.

2 5 . 1 9 =BT E P ~ L ~ l L d rag- In the range 0.10-10 psr

.ere> 20.92 ?er cane paid b,!41-?111 13126 Par milt

~ a l d b.71.1OLi 1 D . d I per eelt paid b l o w b 7 5 > 7 , B 4

pa? ca?t pa%& h.106-1101 1 . 9 2 ?or ~ a n l p a i d b.111-2451

0.65 par mnt paid b.Lib-2lO and the rcmalnlDp 10.116

per ..,r have noi . W l i * a.nd LO LhO *a l l Xu.-.

Im0.w t h e 19 a m l l s s s l c nanvfacrrren M.

paid wages o i O.36-70 p m dore. 20 am m the Y O I I C B P I P ~ ~ ~ e c i o r , 11 are i n the c*ops!aiiva rector sad 1 i n

the :i:msed aector, Of the toral 32 who p s i 0 wagas OE

* , Id?-1751 2: are i n i h e CC-opelatlvr eectni l G ere in

LM Y I l i C e n l P d s s d o r and i are in Lh l iarnaed sector.

h o r g the 11 who p:d wapar 16 I b . 7 l - 1 ~ 5 , 1'1 ore Li. L ~ W

unliseneaa #sotor, 10 ars i n i r e o e o p r a t i v e aeoror

end LIB r m a l n i n g 7 are i n tha llcsnsed e8ct.r. oi the

Local 16 e o p a l d wage8 of ralah bJ5, 1 0:s i n t%

~ n l i i e n e s d sector, 4 are i n ine c e o p s r z t l u e s a c t a r and the

reat of the i ace i n tne l lcslsed aacioa o i t n a to:il

12 hho paid wayee 05 ly.lab-:ID, a arm i n nu uallcenlcd

B E C ~ P , 2 e r e In the E D - o ~ c ~ ~ ~ L V ~ BIoiOl L.ld amtll~I. 1

"TO i~ tiie l:ce.ssd ~ s o t ~ r , ADOW LIE 1 p i i d wag-

.f p3,2: ; - lair s :" the unlicensed a e c ~ o r and one u :n tns ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d ..CL~:. h i 1 ths 16 smlinlc s i l t

~ ~ ~ Y ~ ~ C L I T B Z ~ who h a s not a i p l l a d sand i n t l t P

w 3 e a i n !rrs3r ian - - -- ~arl iau1a:r 08 psi ems EmL of i m l i b t l a n DL

ths ssmpis s a l b manr iac t~ re r~ arr providan i n Tabla - 4 ~ 2 1 , mong tb.8 lia aample l a i t xanuTactUranr 4 6 , d l p e r mnt p41d weQn in the range o l bB0-239 w r w a r 15.95 par o ~ l t ~ a l d b.83-119, 3,80 PU Cent paid L 1403131

3 . 2 7 ner W n L p a i d bal0.i L171i 1.bi pur cDnr p l d

11.400-100 and the camin in9 1.06 per cent paid vaycs

e t Pr. 320-199 per asre.

~ n o n v me 71 s r n - l s s a l t n .~nuc .~c iumm r , ~ Ia ld w l s i s of III.160-239 let asrol 32 are i r , ello 00-

~ I i r r i l L l V F B C E I O r . 20 Or" Ln LIlu u,lilmn:ud OooLor and

L ~ O r e s t 01 tho L L are in me 1 1 r n ~ a d O . C L O ~ . of ~n.

k = b a l sj who para *ages o: r.s~-o$. 1 6 are in t h e

u n l i c m s e d sector, 11 are i n o m m-ope'arivo ssoior

and B 3R in ilcsnsed sscior. m0.g Lrr li *I. ?r id

#ages oP b.240-319, 6 are In ihe m-operar:us secior,

5 a r e i n Lhs l iceMDd I.OLor and 4 are I n LII. ullilci?rilcd

aecLo~. Oi Lhs Lola1 5 who ~ a L d wagen d below !b.79,

4 are in L,e unlicanoed iiscror ond L la in aim Ilcunoed

r e s t = . -none i M 1 wlo pal6 wagas o f b110-399, 2 a:e

In me c e o a e r l r i v l B..tor and i i s Is Cllc 1ic.nred

BBCLOT. 411 Lh* I who paid *eye. o l ib.loo-YoO p r i c r o

are i n the unllcansed ancior. on tho wholer 85.61 psr

cs l t naid Ysjss OT below RI.219 per acre L n irrlgallon

.p=at!cn.

dG,(Q oent paid YWB. in trio rsnye oc ~u.501-750

Per acre1 21.57 per cent id b,/51-500, ~ " 0 t h ~

21.51 Pe cent Paid'h~7il.lOO0 md tile rroi oL the 10.48

PSI cant paid wage. oi m.1001-1250 per ~ m s .

*1mp i h ~ 7 1 B ~ : ~ P I B n l l l lllilniilrrYrYr~

w l r pr!d wage. d l LSOI-250 yur a m , 4 2 aro 1,) i i w

un l icen~rd aecLar. 18 an i n blis o - o l m ~ i w rsctoc

a d tie rest 06 the 11 are i n tbs l i r ~ n s v d saokm.

Of c rs Loti1 33 *no paid wadas of k . 2 5 ~ - i r ~ , i 17 are

I n :he iollcwsrd e s l o c , 5 aru i n t h e ilsonsd .rotor

3rd one is i n the oc-operative oector. Of Uia to ru l

anotner 31 xho p a ~ l weyrs of L~~SI-IOOU, 17 ue l o LIW

~ c - o p e r a t i v e ~eotrn, 9 are Ln l iculaud auctor and

7 are i n the u n l l n n r a 5 rectm. N ~ M U tlls I6 who paid

wnion OC l'r. $001-1233 gar osill,l5 B r O 11, tllli Cc-O?(ICItIVI

.isocor ~ I Y I cirr etmr cno is I,, t.80 iicunnuri asccor.

on the *hole, 68 per oani of tor armpla s a l t manu-

f a c i ~ r e m paid ~ a g s a of 1-3.151-ii0 pyr Y D P in tho

hbrveBtLnj OpeTdt 1.P.

WaQaS i n TransW

-0"s i n . 12 aunii1. l"li m.u,ulrc~*ro ouctor orui t,u vttlvr on"

L i in m e cs-operrl'ue .r.L.r. Of ti?. LOli,, 12 w,iv Wid

wage8 oe hsl-75. 7 rr. ~n ~ n s l iccnonb aucbur. 4 r r o i n

iw uol irwEd ~ O S L O ~ n a me rmriniw one $0 ~n ciiv

00-oxrat i* scCLOr. I L h l LOLO, an0tlL.r li Wil. pala

wages 05 b i w 0.2%. 'i ars in tno i i o u n o i i i suotor.

6 are i n Lhe unl,oon.sd srifor. u l d one I. I" hi ," EpopG..-

t i v e S"Cl.,C. *i thS 6 "h. palo rr"ul rc OI.I"I-LII urs

i n rcs ~ i c s n s e d r a o ~ o r . ot ~ i l s L ~ L U ~ 4 *!to y r ia wayuo w

h.ll-100. 1 are I n LIIC liosnnell actor md tho o t l l v r orle#

in i n the unl :censa sector. mmvrllu v r rnw ttrvu nor hsepd t h e sa l t . 19 are in rhu u n l l c ~ m ~ d #ssLor and

'a i:e in i h e cc-op.r.li". meclm. I" b r l d , @ I par sank

(46 & 8 0 ) C C Lha rmple B a i l m M Y l l l t Y I S r 8 pi la Wry-

of IY. below 71 esr acre in hsapbu QpsTsLlon.

W.QBS i n a n O P P P P P * ~ " ~

sarticu~ars oi t o w cosb o i wry- ~ a i d par acrs

by i;ne rtullnle .ilL mn"la.luro* ors .lvm ill Tabla.l.3b

MiDnl the 153 aMp1s I a I t m M U I 3 * Y I V I * d l , O L PP. Onl

p a h a -9- :n r u n w SO II . IUDIIIUO Dur a,iu, ,#.IU

PFI - re x s d R . 2 i O l 4 O O O i L4.10 pur co,,t pJ~ii

O.. "OOL-500": %.BY P8r -,it orid ,".,a* P..IWJ, 5.11

W' D s n i Paid R.IOUL-,500 dnd Lllv rvnvlllli!g 2 . 4 1

~ c r - n ~ nrld W ~ ~ F S OL ~ . I S Y L ~ O O O pvr

N"P?ii i l l 0 71 nun*," or,r im,d*.ruruiii W l , "

p a l * way- ol. I l .~"OI. 'SOO pal: acre. I Y rr. I,, kti. u,, , lL.. .u~

I l c l - T . i i are :n rua oemlor.

I3 -re I n ths l icensud oacloi . snd the icmdlnlny

B ara i n Lhm CPOPLI~LII. .SC$OZ. A 1 1 Eli0 22 w l l ~ pal0

xazes oI DI. 103:-5000 per aEr0 ara i n tlv SY(IWr1IIvY

SIEtOr. man. tns O *no . l l d xaim 0 -1-x lr.lrn0, 4 nro L P the U n l l F o n a d s o C L m , 1 8.0 L n riw llCol8nud ."Sear

and I o r s in Lhc EPOP.raLI"P .".LO.. OI LIY =.La1 " -id "aa- ol 1*.1501-,500. 1 or. i n tho u,,ilcu,,aud

secio., i .rs I" tns c e o p s r r l l v u .BELOX and tll" OLhmr .". i. in the lic."s& sccio. A L L tho L w,,a plLb xavom ol P1.110,-.100O are I" lh. ""lisonsed, e r n o r . ill -,>orb.

77 pV oent d in. ample o a l r nlrnuiscluroro paid wsyuv

OT & l o w b.1000 -1 &Ere.

Y E S O ~ L I S E ~

*"(llyll. Of Bar 1 c m cmt ol: s*it,rrt,m on"

enl? iow-nb ~n di.c-ran~ o p o r r t l e n ~ "5 c v l ~ $ v r i i o l ~ DP

s.1e 4 en* I L M > I I s 0 1 e m.,,Yrl'CuPYZ" I" ili0 Il'.",,eud

museer lli Pvmleiisd * low . li c.3n LI. uw.rve, irvo L,io

d'L1 l u r n i s n d i n T.bi. - 4 . 1 2 ,nue cvivrn '"1 Yldi. un "! ' V u r r V I . r L0L.I Y""Y"t DI a.1.011 L, I . ' L U ,'", acrv in blidermnt sp=(illms d c~lrlvIII011 .I salL A i l L l l U

1IEenssd osolar. i t EM 8 < u r r t l C ~ OYYIVIP LIYL,

M i n ru.n,e. 222 perionasye are w**ya( pt.r .cru

orsr dlllsrmnl o p e r l l l e n r oi c u l l i u ~ i t . ! i oI e r i k Ln

I-he 13c.rrrcd .ect*r by tns .mr io s.,t nanulsol iuorn

L" ar Y". IQl."is s t L h l c.LUo siovldus r tun*

- 8 .:her , " l ~ " " ~ l , a n .I"., La examplo. ill. oxrmn( * m > i o ~ m m l uay.a pa,* I" OLlrsrvnt oD"ratlQnll.

prepalltion *i B e n , ""adllng, "a"* r:.pllaoll@",

I T T , l . L ' a , h.ir$Lillns. I . u " . ~ . ' T ~ . L L ~ I li"..L"" one

.tier. .i lliLiracisn -I oaii ~ u r v-r lud s u m of

~~a nOuilyl hi. L ~ D sample r a z i manuia=kursrm.

CLDDOT.tiW see= -- - - &"'lylrs oc t,>e iior 'Cr" 0 - l I? '" lbL"YLIDII

Ins onPloYnonl L" Ylliololl Dnrc.rlo,,n 0s u l l i " * t L . n

o l sell 4 =>a .+,e .r,r m.nul.crumru I . r,,"

=rcpei .tf ive seciu. are Lumlsnad 1" roil1. - 4.1,. TL cnn M o b a n s d I r a P . b l s l . 3 3 y i r c n i r U l D u

( B e e -lux" 10, Lh.L on ." ."orago, n trirr1 vnourir ol * . l l i 4 9 ' 8 Psi6 per =Era Ln

*n.lYso- oli p u ac.. E e l ue c"il,vsr'o,,

and r m ~ l o s r n s n l in c l l i l o r a l c c ~ r . t $ ~ ~ . r. aulrlul- :ton .I ..IL t s m. IMDl. malt "Muloeui.i. L,,

Ins unllcmn.- I s c L w .r. lum%.,>m a,, Foblo - * . , I . I t c s n bc obmrxld ircm Table - 4.w ylvvll h i v x tnri mn m aVrrrS.. . ( o c I ~ vl,Dvni -5 R I I . I ~ S lo i"ld per -Ere 1" diilerenr oilEra

Anr1.e.. o I t,. P O I acre ccei Q I cult$-

Y i i L L o l and snplpymnt 3 % 0,rrer.ni 0Perati.hs

c u l r i v a i % = n *I aslt z th. sampls li-lt i"Rm a r m mr*scni*a L" Tab>. I l . , ; . 7% 0s" O

oberwd L r m Ip.blL - 4.35 ih.t on M r"cr.lie, . t~L.1 m a n & c6 B . i . l B L Is wid PI: e m s In

biil.re* SPerLILlom oL Ni \ iva t i co at .*i in

enre* scccors as . wlola. It u n be iwthsr observed mat rg an ~ v s r a g s , 211 ovssndayl arc

sw-Fiei.a* PEI acre rver diiisr.nl .percilm# OE

N l i i V . t l 0 " ot salt L1 LhO L N B s ..=tor. a. a

whole. ;*rlisul.ra rel.LLn? Lo Lnc exlent o*

m.l.ymmt .nvlc.d .Pd ..or"& or -*ss PLLd tor

diiE.rcn% OIsreiion. o* culiirallo" Cd *.It In .li

th. Lhrsc S S E L D T B *"I L.9.LI.C rn an 1v.raser

-L iMd "old,". ul.e are al-o i vmlsn*

:n this Table.

B0:h the elecirlc motor pumpeis IEWSI and

d!=sai envlne pvnaais IDEW~ are es~anc ia l t o llie

the bubSoil brine iron the undarsrouna bores. to send

ihroush ohann-is i n i n reservoin and oondsnaere viLn

s p e o l i i o gravity under irr:vation operation. TO

prsvent t he B I I T L ~ X ~ Y ~ B 01 Conomnb:~htd bclnv and a l so

to I-sduC. ihe cmt of bun." labour, animal puddling II

being d a e in ~ a l t ? n d ~ ~ ~ ~ y . ~n ordar t o ensura t h a t

s n c u cracka on me surface ~f mrih arm not d a v a i o p d l

sand i a a ~ ~ l i e d i n the a a i t iield.

i a r ~ l ~ l a r e or the par acrs u r l i i s a t l o n oi

E:~OLTIC and dl-e: power ia. manuiacturina operatime

by L i 8 ea"p1e salt mMYI .CLYlOm 8:s i"rn18hed 1"

Tabla - 1.31. mooang rhs 112 I.urpls Bait manufiaELursnl 50.66 p ~ r mi Bpme 91-120 OI el~clric a d Alee1

pwer ~ a r a v w 25 .00 per cent LZI-150 bun: 12.50 per

oeni 61-90 nour., 9 . 2 , per cenk 151-180 hours and m e

r e n l i n l w 2.63 per cent apanr miow 6~ houm per acre.

mong me 77 savplg s e l i rncnueao~uism who spent

91-120 noun .i s l e a t r i o and d i m 1 pouar pl r acre. 11

are i n the l i a m e a escror. IS arc in the 0-0~erativF r rac

in. the or ij,,ds ara i n t h a unllwniled eeitcr.

2'4 D I tla IDLa1 3 8 Who sDont 121-150 hours, B arm in t n s

liansed sector. 25 are i n the c ~ o p e c a ~ t ~ ~ rsoior

and the F e s l Of the I .re %n in. un>l.sn.ed a s 0 t . r

m-na tns 19 wre #pen: 6,-90 hnirs . 16 are in un-

iiesnssd socior and me rest or 1 are :n ahs ilmraod

s ~ ~ ~ ~ r . OL ;he t o t - 1 u s p e n t 161-lao noun. ?I

drs Ln rhs i w o p s r a l i u s amctor an* I are Ln ill* unlicanssd

L ~ E L O ~ . ~ 1 1 :ha I mo spent below l a b w a oe riesLrr=

arb aiPsc1 power .r. i n ill0 l icsnesd e e c t o r

P a C i i ~ u l a n of number of hovn oi anma,

gudC1I1~ Ytll:aed i ly the ear-?ll s a l L ~ ~ T u I I c L Y T # ~ . are

n?BBBTtEd L n Table - I . 3 1 . M n n ~ LVI ! E l 8wnple salt mMYLaELurBrs , 31.30 e#i cent l p n i 31-60 nodm par acre 'n animal p u d c l i n i open%..", 1 0 . 1 6 per cent M l o r

10 nnrrsi P.BO per .mi 91.120 hmur.. 7.L1 su cent

61-90 har#, 1.31 ?a EML 121-150 Ths r s s t < the 2 L . : l per crnr haw 00 : e p n C anlmll PO-r in pvddllny

o..r.iion.

tra 54 s a p l a l a l i nmulaoluren "ha spsni 31-53 noun psr awe, 16 nra i n y l e nwopsr*i ivr ~ B O L O Z , 11 i n in. unllcens& end the r-i ei

ine B ere t w iicared saotor PI tnr ie.1 3 1 who

baow 13 hour. acre, 11 are i n tho unllean.ad

a:: q

16 i $

228 s = w - . erathe= 11 are in t h e -rpe,.ki, ss.io,

L N :*st DL 3 l r B Ln i ns 1lcera.d 8eeior. oi Lhe totel

15 *I- BPenL 9l-L11 nsurs, a LT. i n ih. ~ " l i c s " . ~ b

secror, 3 are i n it.* licansm .ertor 4 are en. r o m ~ e ~ a t : ~ B ~ C L O E . meng in- 11 enant 61.90 hoYq

B ar. In tr unl1Esnasd e e c l o i . 2 I F . in Ih. ,

2:: 8 *Tono t h a 65 sample s m l i 18m.t.ctururu

nho span* 11-20 hair. o i antma1 @.war par ssro, 13 are

i n ins unlicensed .ecior, 2 , aro i n Lhe o ~ - r p e r ~ r l v s

3ecior a d rhs rmaln:ng 11 .re i n ino iissnscd r .o~w.

o i t h e :o%=; 3) *no .pent 2,-30 hvuis, 11 ars in tns

c*operai:ve Setter, 13 arm in Lha U n l l a n l a d .cotor and

2 are In bhB licermod l e r t o r . UoOnQ Lhe 11 * l o eponi

b l o w 10 how*. I(. SF. in L,. UnlLcsoseb rscier, il ara

in U I ~ l i e n s e e ssckor a d 071 ~s in tha o-cperak~uo

s e o t o ~ . Of LhB Loill B xno apsni l i - 4 0 hours. 5 U B in

%he Fc-oaret:us mec:.r, 2 us I" Lh* unlisenssd .s=ior

and one is in t n e lto~csad eeocor. ~h~hs only me who

sD$nL 11-10 hwle, Is in t h e Unl l rvnled neckor. Tha

other ma wno 31-60 m n, 18 in= ~ l w i e e d

a.oior. *,I ihe il w?. ha". p o i G t l l l a A a"l"1.l Pwei in

trcnrportat ion 0.' sand in th. u n l i n n s s d .sotor.

P.ri'sulare oi toL.1 nmbor * noum *part t o r .amIra and an i r e1 2.w.r by ",. smp1. salt " lnu l io iwe i .

are i r r n b h d i n Table - 4.19. Aronp the t o t d 153 .Mere salt mai.uTaE:urer8, 12.03 p a o n t slmi 101-110

hours psr awai I l . 3 7 per c s n ~ 151-100 hour.. 21.37 p r

EBni 201-210 noon, 7.81 PW DenLS1-103 bowmi 3.11 Par

cent 291-100 h ~ r s , 2 . 6 1 csnt 301-110 hour8 md Ule

rmsinin. 1 . 3 ~ 'miow so liours per a u e .

tna 49 senFile mmulac&upsrs *I,. spent lol-lio nou.s P.: .crs. 40 are i n Lhe unl,c.ns.d

eeoi-r. 1 are in the 1:-nrea scorer .rd me re..in~ni I are ?n Ule c o o ~ e r a ~ i w saoio:. OL he total 48 "no

.@Bnl: 151-200 nourn. 16 er. in ihm oo-uparsrive semkcr.

11 rre i n rhe l i m n e d sector an6 mo:ner i t .r. in the

i n l l c E n d c 4 sector. Un-0 ins 33 who soant 231-210 h w m .

l B are Ln iha Epsp.raii.n .entor. 9 are Ln tnr u n l i s s n a s d

(IeCtDI an* Lie rerL Of the L arc L" tne Il0.rS.d ,.oror.

OL the t e a : 12 wno lpenL 11-100 howl , L l are in the

Y n l l B n s ~ d Se0t . I and a r la I n the I lsanaeB s o o t o r

oi tna iota> 5 vnD spent >SI-XC n a r ~ . 2 u e in me

l $ o B n e e a ~ ~ ~ t ~ ~ , aroinsr I ara i n me un~tcenscd a e c t c ~

and V.8 0th.~ m e La in the oo-OpraiLvP IsCLor. MlDnP

mc I apen: lOl-350 h a u s , I E a I n %ha Gs-oplctius

;he rem.,ning one Y i n r r s un1l-ns.d s e o a a .

in i I i i i i i " t 0I)rI)rI)r:iini

PertlNICrs OI mouni 01 w.9.s paid t o r u;ili-

sation Ce dastr, . ."a ai.a.1 . a . r by rha swpie Balk monuiaol r rers -a i ~ r n i l h s d I n T a l e - 4.40. won9 inm lil .ample .mUi.otursrs. 46.00 per cent I'ld ww-

i n the raga .i b.IOl-460 per corer 28.34 Per mni

..451-100? I l . l b Per c n t b.601-7501 5 .92 pr mnk

282 h.751-900 i n6 a n o c h r . 5 . 9 2 par cent l.901-LO90,

3 . 2 9 Per Cent b.151-100 and the rear oi the 1.20 par

cent pa:d wage8 ni b i o * k . ~ ~ o wr .ore fa. u t 1 l i e a : i m oi e l e c i r l c an6 d i r e 1 pwsr.

mm1 the 67 ample oalb r n a n u ~ ~ ~ l i u r ~ r ~ , who

g a l d w o w I n the range 9.' b . l 0 ~ - + 5 0 aer 8 are i n fl!e licmsed s ldor . 4 are i n ~ n e oc-opcra~lve ascio:

an0 tk rsrainlnp 55 are i n tbe unllcaased sec:or.

Or LPE L O t L l 37 LihO p a l l *.ye, oi N ~ ' 5 1 4 0 0 1 10 a:. i n

tlB 0-OpeTallve BBCLDr, 11 ace In the l l o c r s r d l iecr~r

end the rest o i tile 6 are In the unllcenrtd seclor.

mmg tne 23 who paid wspe of 11.631-710, 15 ace i n ~ h s

~ ~ - ~ ~ e r a b l u a nectar, 2 ire in the l iocnssa *sotor and

the cinsr 3 are i n the vnllconmad lector. ot he eot.1

3 C O p u i i r;agca oT Ib.71;-900, 5 are i n i l is ".-"p.z.tlve

aeciEr and 1 a;e i n ih s u?Hcecsed ssoior. Ot tila Lotal

anorimr 9 wile ~ a l d wrpam oi ~ . 9 0 1 - 1 0 5 0 1 i are i n the

00-operczive sacior and the rest 0 5 2 ere i n the u n l i c s n s a

SOCLOT. h l i ihm 5 mo pall w o w oE b l o w 111.110 a r e

in ano ~icunaaa seabar. nlwu the 5 paid reu=s oe

B. 1 5 1 - 3 ~ , 3 drB me i i r n e c d seokor and tnu rsmalnlny

2 i n the ~ ~ ~ i c e n c s d i sc tor on t h* whole. 75 ver -nt

Lne BLlpl. s ~ t m a n Y ~ a ~ t ~ : ~ ~ ~ paid way* a i m o w

w.600 p.r rn momne *war u b l l i ~ * r l o n .

z=r t lor lar s o i mount oi wayem paid ror u i i l i s a i l m me animal puddlsnp by the smn.e .ale manuiockirere are e ~ r n i s h e i, ~ a u c - 4.61. mOW L M 151 (imple Salk maOYIaEtUIBrI.31.37 Per cent

pa id wag- O i blw h20 Wr a u o , 11.13 psr oeni

Ri. ll40; 9.15 Der mrt h b l - 8 0 1 1.88 p r .ant b.4,-LO.

1.27 Per c e r t L.81-1001 0.66 DBT cent 1.101-100 and

L W r-t ot the 26.14 P= cen: invs not Lril(ee6 mima1

p N E r i n puddling 0p.rati.n.

A~or i i t h e 4s smple 8.1% manulafbursrs w h ~

?a:d we.- e blow lu.13, 21 a?. i n the 00-aperarive

smctor. I 3 sr. i n me unlianssi l sscror .d m. ro.C ot

ins 10 ars ~n ine IJosnssa e e c t u . or ers mrar a6 ?aid W a g - of b.21-10. 11 arm :n M u Eo.opararlve lecrorl

12 ara :" ~ 1 . unitcsnsd I e ~ t o ~ end I ere l r ms iicansa I D O L O C . M l m g Che I6 wno p e Y WaQes P01-80, 7 arc

in i e ~ ~ i i ~ a ~ e d .e .~or, I are i n kna c ~ o p r a i i w

saclor -4 UI. reet o l iha I are i n LM I l c e W a d seoLor.

OE the total 1 ~ 1 . oi h.4i-60, 5 ere i n me

un~ iEeMeo sscior, 3 are i n the ct-oeerat%us meokor on. is in ihe i i c c m d seotm. mong U1- 5 w M paid

w.ei-103, 3 i n ths unllcsnsed sscior. one

ia in the iioenssd ..oaor and an~thmr on. 1. in t h e

CC-aPeraLir@ .18iiOr. Ti.* only 0, )s who pr:J urges o i

L.LOI-I2O Is In Lhs Ilosnsad Saclo'. Unmo tho 10 wiio

nava no* U i l i i e * animal pwer i n p Y M l l n l operation,

36 are i n tne unl:=.naad s e ~ t ~ r r 1 are in i t i . licenlsd

I-ELOI e-d ths D L ~ O F one ia m the c e q r r a t i ~ ~ e~ct.~. In oriof. 02.30 Psi csnl (92 OE Lllu ill/ at Li i r oui lp lo

8.1: m.nYLaciYr$re Pdld. Wages 6i &I*" b.60 per .crc.

larrLaJla:a oi mount d wqye. paia for L c a r ~ -

porLa:?on oi sard by i~ sample salt n u a u ~ a ~ ~ r e r e , are

p ~ c v l d ~ I n Tlbic - 4.12. Of ins r o i a i Sl smpls s a i t mdrLiaCturm:sl 14.6b Per mnt haw paid *wee i n M n

ranye Of Pr.il-lO0 Dcr avP, 11.11 per a n t . h.101-110,

20.32 3eT ani belolr L.508 . . i6 per m L 1.181-200 and

Onoinel 1.36 per a n t B.1111-250. 0 . 6 5 pcr cenc b.lSl-30"

and rhe rme in i rq e.50 psc cent nave not a t a l l u ~ ~ l i s a d

."irn.l p.>er em trars?orrari~n 02 sand ard hen- no

ex.e"dlrU.E hae I.., 1r"urred 0" t n i e iiocount.

Among E M i M l l 53 .YIIPlB e.lL m."YeICtYler.

who paid wege '1.51-100, 11 ara In Lhe UnllceneaC

paoror, 17 are L" ths m - e e r r ~ l v s sarTor and are r e s t Di I are in th. ~tmnasd eactoi . at thr total 48 who

vrgss h.im-lio, 30 are ~n me cc-orararlve ssckorl

10 Ore in e S e ~ ~ ~ i c o i s e d lactor end em remrlnlns 8 h n

in l l c ens sd sec tor . 05 tm ~ o i a l 32 wno

wage8 of balm 8,501 20 are i n the unl loenasd sector.

I t are la $.I= 1tcrm.d seeor %"b me Is In an. c-

wers:iv. sector mong t o e 3 p.id *ages o t

I .151-203. I are in the ,n,,c"".ed .eb.r an* .ne I.

~n m e EPCPS~OIIY~ aaokor. OI the tOtai another 1

d o reid was= oi P1.201-110. 2 in the -opBrsLlue

s i c t o r 2nd 0,s il i n the llsenred B$Ei.r. Th. enly On.

who pala *,*see of h.25l.lrn i. L" thi Iloewed rss to r .

&II Lqe 13 who have noi itllissd animal power dm iranl-

~ 0 z L e ; L a ni sand are In ihe unlicensed aectm. I n

briei, 55 per cent of =he eanp~c e a i t manuiacurcra

1133 OI 110) way- at ..low b : i O per acre I n sand

transpore ooerarion.

~ a r t i c u l a n oi i0i.l a m o l n t 02 wapal w i d Er

maal~no and animal pow-r for a t t ~ a ~ o n ~ o~sraeLmne ei

Eul;L"arl." oi salt 4 m e a m p l e s a i r ,,,."ul=*urelrs are

rurnlshed ~n ~ d e - 1 . 4 1 or ine t o ta l 153 smplm .elk manuia;turers, 11.17 psr cent said mqes in ila rango oT

U . < ~ I ~ O O per ..PD~ 11.91 per L . ~ O I - ~ I O ~ 18.30 per

csnt ..JOI-&50! 11.07 per Eent L.751-PMI 10.40 PP. 0B"t

u.901 .bWs ld rira nuoain~og 5.21 ne- mnb Pala

W1?n, o i below 1.300 p b .Om.

2;Ll

Among tls 48 su*?ie s8lt mmnutaolursrs who

?a10 WWa(1 0: h*S1-630 DL. a E r e ~ 34 l r s lo Lhe uniloen-

a& . oaor l 10 ars Ln Lhs Iiocrsld Shcior and Lhs rsni

o t 4 l ! E I" in. o-~,.rative meetor. oi i > S rorBl , l .

mo paid W ~ Q S . oi ..em-%o, 21 are in rr. - - O F P T ~ I I M 8sELor1 7 a:$ in :lie l l ~ a i s e d srCtoP 11- 5 are Ln t..e

U " l i B , B $ d .eotm. u n D " l the 28 Wlo p.i* vspss .i

L101-4501 2% am Lr the u3licel.s- OSELOr all6 3 an

L n LIa 1LEenrsd ssotor.

ai L Y ;oia. 1C who p s i 0 W.3.8 oi L.711-933.

D 8ZB I, ;ne co-cper*tl". .ea.:. 4 u e i; tie unllcenseb sccror

an6 tse rm8ir:ne on. i s i n inc 110msea B ~ E L O T . *IMP

me :a mo waQe. oi a.sar aria a m a . 11 I P S ~n t a a c*.>er.tl"c Beet.?, 4 am in tna "nliolnaed .scror, snd

;he rnno La I, t h s Ilmnssd m&cter. Of t n a Loin> 6

pala *a(iEd .i b s r n .oral 4 are 19 the I I ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ s e o ~ 6 r ano:ner I an I. ths uoli-"8-d e a m i m r . on L-,l 76.0 the ~ r ~ o l s selr mi-u-

tac.urms r..iia ~ s : acre i n nnLri i

am maohme P O W ~ T u t i - i s a l l o n .

?.rtiNla:a -1 PPF l C l E YLIIII . . IM 06

m.u,lns mn* ."lrn.l p.uar i.i dimere". Ope..Llonl

O L aul:lWLLon ... ..I& 4 en. sunpre a*,* manuiaoLWmII i n tM ama:.tlre ~ e c b o r

rurniened I" =able - 4.65. ~r E.n ac -bmruea i r m T.blS - 4.45 tnr l on m av.r*rim c total amount oi m.751 .er r u m is m i l i n diid.r.nt op.r.tlonr a: ouirivztior o r 5.IL in ti,* Qo-opor*-

L:* sectOT. z t be r u i n * .srserwa rnat s .Otll -l 183 ".UrB arm ..B"L are. dirr.rent

cparaiiona oe N1LLV.Li.P o* 8.3.i meng the

sample a d . nanu*ceurer9 i" rh. CC-oPsiaLlus

.astor. ~ ~ e t ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ DI -via m e u r i l i s r= ton o i

machino anin.l rm insun* .pent me: .ore, sir* ol L". 1-6 " d b i n y "1.- Lor UP:?-

trig on d i i i e r s n i opeeat~ons in oc-=+.-atlv.

. sea r cro .is. iumYned I n LhiS Taolo.

BCrLIN1.r . ol ICr 'CTB u l i i i a a L i o n

or marnlnc and animal p-wr tor a%u.rmne ILmP o/ su1IIVeLISn ot Idl by Lh. # M P I B rnali

manu~cckurrla ~n ine unll-naeil seetar arm

P2O"lded I n Tsiil. - 4.II. i t ~ . n Ls onsorvsd E r n T a u s 4.46 imt on an rrssqs, I ioia.

mount e1 b.101 pmr sore le *pen% Tor s.rrym?

on diiiorenr 098raLlarl e1 a l l iu . i l on ot so l r

i n ins unllsenssd seokor. I> can b evrtnsr

oiaErved L h a i OD .n ~ v s r s y e . i0L.l oi 158 Dour. pe- acrc rre spenr Dvsr d''i*r."r W v a l l D D s

o i EW.Li"ai ion oL .*i i n t i - unlirens-a

se.ior. aencr p.rticui.r. ei l i " i O r n . L l 0 "

r..atmy io uirl'..tl.n n.ol,n. - 0 .nim*>

W a g ~ a rcr u r r s l n o on aLdiersnl

o..rCLLDL. 0. N , I I V ( I ~ L . I I OD B l l t . .I.. D L the

lcna h ~ l d i ? ~ " l . ~ in t h e unlicensd .I=:Qr, are

a-0 i u r n l a h d L" L W La*..

PartLmLarS oe Psr a c m B a t * 2 UbiLi.

' d L l a oli m c c h i n - and ."lrn.l . n s i a i d *ayss

pald ?n di i lersm oper~t lma sr. prsvLdad Ln

TaWe - 4 . 1 7 . 1,: cants ob.srued i rm ~ a b k - 4 . 4 7 ma m c i &-rags m t0L.l momr *a b.1129

Is paid par e0l.a I n alefarent *srallon. *I

N l t l v a t : a n Pi mait L" a11 tne rnree s o o t o r r -a

a whole. 2% can b* iyrther ohervcd ehrl

on en avsrage. a *orsl oC 118 Mum are

#Den% psi a- 0u.r C.rryiw 0" C ' i l . r n t

o.8I.atiom of EvliiVDtiD" oli S.II in ih. three

SBELFCB i~ a wnars. p a r r > c u l s n r s i a i r l s

to "iil*.ilrn -i animal ma m.cnin. >ou.r and

.mmni oi wave* lo: n r r y s n s on d L l l e r n i

OPV.~~.m e ine ~uli :var:on 01 ~ U I m o i l the rnres .ectoi. pu: tDgslhDr on n =uer.ge.

s ~ s a tnc lane halains w l e e are also

iurnlsha* I" t,U T a r s .

me ;lmpie .IMU~DEILrsr. WII.

carry i i 3 i h o a a I I nulu laaucmq Ln tne l l c e n a e d emokor

haw a=Ld asalinmant tre a n t c x o ~ a s duil- ro 6.1~

DBP'IT*O"t.

Dazcioulace OT aseignnent tees and i n c l a ~ n r a l

le", cn.rges and sxcise auklea pa:a by th. .ampla a a l t

ranulaolurers Ore prwidd Ln T a u s - 4 . 4 8 . ma" the 26 Sun318 salt n.nil..L,~r. who ..id a s S i p n . " l I c e

end i n o i a a t a i hew d,am,es, i t 'a re*orted tnat 16

r e a ~ o n d n t a pel6 enounUI ranaim bsrwsen 31-45 ?ex

B F - 8 I r c ~ s ~ n a e n t a pat8 amountr i n ma range OP 16-30,

3 paid amounts i n Lb rams 08 b c l a l.15, on# h l s

ra id an mount i n the .an.. ot L.4I.LO. anoLn.r one

has an w a n t in i h l ranpa ot L.61-78 and the

rsmclnlng ens has an anwnt LC the range OE

b.11-50.

Unon(l 6 sample salt manuiariulers who

paid eXoiss duelea ii ths l i e n s e d aoolor, 4 relrpondsola

paid amount. ra"ginp 'Derwesn bib-so, one reapondenl

Mld rYnOYnt be,.." N.13 and emL".r on* iulpma.nt

paid sn unounb I n the rrorja oi h.31-4I.

Cess is levlea 0, kha e lre od land heid- ~ n g beemor lo a d iaa 0cr.s salt r n ~ u r ~ o t u r o ~ 01

me lioenssd ssclor an8 the amount 1. areaiied 10

~ n e funbs of the sa l r Department. * l i e the ~ e s e

i n tie cc-operaclue seckar 1 impwed on voluntary

basis i. underlsle E a r m l n i l y worx3 06 sali

manulaclursrs.

partimllirs oi ctss on salt patd ~ l e sapla

salt manufacaurera ars turnisbed i n ~ahls - 4.es. arong me 5 7 ssapre salt manutac~ure-s. 3 1 . i ~ per

cent pa lo a8lruni or csrs m salt I n the rsnq; ofi

U.301-350 p a amel 26.31 per i s n l hlil-4001 15.79

per Wnt iu.101-530, 11.28 par i s n i h i 5 l - 3 0 0 1 8.77

par osnL bslowb.1OO1 1.75 par EInt R1.101-150 and

th. re.* ot Lh. 3.9, pal. EDl l l W i d ces. a? ld i

in the r e m s Of 11.201-210.

iiri &nB 5 % sa7pla a a ~ t manufacturers WIO pat6

an a o u n b oi ceee on salt in me raws oy b.10~-500

per acre are i n t b s cc-opsratlue sector. *I1 me

6 who m i d CeBB on asit 1" the rang* d b.1."

b.150 era i n the 11-n-d BsOtOP.

O i l ma= --- Parilculars of sll o n a r ~ o s ~ a g o by the

nanple sali mcnv:ao:hrcnl erP iumishDd in ~ ~ b i ~ 4 . i o .

N ~ O ~ Q ihe 123 e3rnnle sali m ~ ~ i ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ , 11 .46 pur

osn i hav- p a i d 011 ~111r9~. in khe rrnye 0t ..il-igo

p e l aCr(I1 21.11 ?&r c e n t w L b mwni lase than

aelow *.so: 13.01 P B ~ cant 1 .~0~ -110 , 1.88 per mne

L.151-200; 2.44 oar a n t n*1Pls io , 0.m par omnt

P 1 . Z i l - l O l l 0.81 p B cmnt b.301-350. 1.63 per cent

73.351-PO31 0.81 pal. malt I . 4 i l - i J O ) 9 . 1 6 PSI E I n i

b.501-5iOi 6 . 5 0 per ~ e n t L.531-500 and the rmainlnp

3 . 1 5 per oent paid b.bO1-5j0.

Oi the t a b u 11 who pate dl charges in tho

rsnw oi b.sl-l>O per sore, 23 .re In tbe unricvneed

s e E I o r , 10 arm In the 3iecnsd eeclor am Lhs r a n a l s l a g

a are i n the ccapcrativa escror. l~nong the i a

pa id o i l oharpe. 01 -low L.301 22 & i s in the U n l i E s ~ e d

sector 4 am in Ulc licsnsed l e c tor . Oi t!,.

to ta l 16 wno wii,i.e oa ru.lo,-:ia, 12 ars i n ths I L ~ ~ ~ ~ .saor. 3 i n t~ unl~c.n.*d r e o e o r and tlu orcer in i n me w-epsrariw 8ecl.r. A11 kM

14 ..LC monui.~eursrs urn paid oil Maroes OI

L.19,-500 i n ihs unll=n..d .Bolo=. A l l Lhs 12 *h.

paLC 011 O;lar988 06 h.501-550 ara in the c~spi.ralivs

~sclor. 01 tha t o t a l 8 W h o paid d l charge, d

lu.ii:-630, 7 a* :n the WopeaLLve ~ ~ c t o r ma

.tncr one r. !" ths unllc3nssd ..ctor. hi1 *he 4

*no pald oil ohawes at LLOL-610 per acre, are in

the F O O p r a L L M SeCTOI..

PariiDul.rB ot cost 05 rspalrs t o . a E l > l n e r y

pala ai t r e s a p l a salt manula~uroc. .re provlda Ln

Tdbl. - 0.51. Of ihe L*al 1% smg,. salt *.nu- iae i>mm, 13.73 per ~ e n t w i d amarnni ranainj Lstusen

h176 and above *or mrryinp 0" rep.," I. maolllnery,

11.11 per cent D1.LPL-,501 ?!.I1 per sent b.76-LOO>

8.10 ?er cent b.51-73, 6.84 per .ant. L.101-1251

2.61 E C n ~ ~ . Z L - S O , 1.98 oent I.~;I-175 rma4

in. resr .r the 44.44 per cent have no^ o a r r i d any repa!:. to machinery

+,rans ihe 21 sanplc s d t mmu:eot*rars who

paid mcunts ID ens o~ h.176 and stove per acra

cox caczyin9 .m rrpa:ra to nam$nery. $3 arp in tnz

uniloswed I S ~ D Z a d c e e i of tha 8 arm In

llianssd sootor. mong Lhe 11 who paid b.126-150. LO

are in ~ h j v n ~ ~ E e n i a a saoto:, j ars Ln the r n w r e b l v s

BEC.ET and LI18 T.BL 01 2 are L" a,,* 1:amud sc0l.r.

of the total mother 17 who paid oi iu.76.100, 12 are

in t s e unl i c sns sd seciar. 3 are ~n the ~ l ~ r a e d s e o ~ ~ r

md 2 are Ln *ha EO-oparailve neckor. u ~ n u caw 13

~ h o w i d b.5 1-75, 6 are l n cne un l t~snead sector and

anomer 6 are Ln tna 1:censeo' ~s;icr and tho okner one

is il =he m w r r a b l w .-cior. DL no tote, I rho pala

oil *am88 oi IS.26-5O. 3 are in L ~ c I lwnssd sesLor

and one LI i n the unliosnsed secLor. a l l riie 3 who

pato 011 obrrje. 01 P. . . ~ I - I? s 818 i n t n e u n l ~ e n s i i d

ssctor. mong the 68 who hrvs nor c a r r i ~ any r e p a i r s

L* mash:nsry. 25 r : ~ l a the unlics-ed ..sfor. 41 aro

in the cr-opsrativa scoeor and the O L ~ O ~ one Is I n the

license* secbor.

Repdlrs L O I " & ~ L ~ -- iartimlars .i met of r e w i r e L O I m l a n e n t a

p a i d by m e o m p i s mrnviasturers are furnishss i n

m b l S . 1 . 5 2 . I bhe i o ~ a l l i l sample salt mYIU- iaE~rlers, 1 8 . 3 0 PBZ cent paid In the rrws oP below

B.LO 9.80 per b.1~-1st 9 . 1 5 p r

b.16-20, 7 , ~ :ar sank h.21-25, 6 . 5 ~ pel: writ b.36

and .bow! 1 . 5 8 pe: canl L . 2 6 4 0 , 2 . 6 1 pan CaOb R.31-35

Lb re iea .~n~nO 1 1 . 1 8 per oent have not c a r r l - d 0C

repa*. i. trnplemcnha in the a l b L v a t l o n of a * 1 ~

PS?

I I

I : I * I

I : /

I , . 8 ' S

14 i'i I $ a I: * 1 8 1; I!

of the ro ra l is who p a t d moun~l wow b.10 PBT acrel 14 are in t h e unl.oense6 ssctor. 7

i n in. -0per.iiue s.ELor and the rest .I me 1 i n ihe lioens~d saolor. anon0 ma L1 who

1.11-15, 9 are i n the unlicensed nsotor.4 are Ir khs

Iloeneed lredtm and 2 are :n t h e cmopErrtiua seam.

O i the t e a l 1 4 who paid 21.11-20, B are i n the unLlosnmcd

siotor. i ars i n L.W ~ i o a n s e d 0est.r m d ok,cr ona is

i n tns -cperarr\a ssmor monq cns 12 who para

b.2:-25, 9 i c e In ihe u n l l s s l e e d sectorl I aro I n rha

oc-operdtlve ,eoro: one ie m V l e l i a r a d SucLor. Of the ioLa l 11 who prld Of rn.26-35, I are i n the ""11-

"~nlled sect- an6 4 ers i n the .roonaed BcoLor. man. tna 10 i r k paid Llb e M ebovel 9 a n i n the unll-

ienaee .soLor and ono 1. L" the l i m n l a d #solor. m*ne

6 3 nave nd. c a r r i d out any r e ~ a i r s t e h p l e -

mEntJ =,d hence ham i n o r r c s d any e v a n d i t u r e on

ibis account 39 ars m aqs omperatiw aeokor, no are tn ti,* Jnlicsnssa secior a d the rear of tha 4 are

i n the Hoe"8.d .sotor.

~ ~ n i a i h n 05 Eer of repairs to b i i n a p i t l

borswell paid by tn. sanpls r~urackurem aim furnl~ lnd

~n ~ a b ~ s - 6.1s. mong ms 1%) ample s r i i manufacturer+

- (a,= red)

as?c+013sg - n,am%,zJruc" ZIPS a,-* a n m ore& ~ i w m e / % r b r n j r ~ 0% rrrcdq so 1-3 JO s ~ e r r u r ~ e ~

irnonu the 12 earnil* n.nur'SLYr~rs. d o

-'la E I I Y . l l - 8 0 PO! .era iDT -rryln. repairs r o

be lncp l t / i i ~r iw$ i l l I .re in th. unll-nsed s s i L a ond

i p s r%rt of 1 aI;s in :hc llcenaed s s c i o l l O i thm i0r.l

1, who para .L Lla1.w N.40. 1 aye in th. Unll-..*

e e s i o P 5 ire m i r s lismnlea smctor. ar tnu ioiai 10 WAO p n l d 0s I l . S l - i t > snd .Due, b 3rs In the

vn1tcensed s e c t o r and I .re in Lne ILo.ns.O ccoror. M1D"S Lhc 1.0 wno nave "0% carr,a* mu* any re.a

9e3niro

s a r i ~ - l i r a o t pep 2 0 ~ 8 m i OF noiplnS

.eter1*1 id by tl. s.n.1s ..It m.nuia&urers .re

J ~ r r l s l l a In Table - 4.56. &Dong tn. l i l Snnpls s i l l m.nufaclurerll, 10.46 prr cone paid amoun:B ranyiny

,.CXBB" U".il-lhl w. L O R , Lnl)Ln*r 10.11 PP. cant

~ S . O W b.50, 3.23 per cent I.I51-2002 1.17 per cent

P a . l O l - l i C i 1.17 PBT E F ~ L R.iOl-2501 1.X pep ~ i n i

h.l i l -3CC ard i>.s re&L of :he 64.05 Prr EenL M V S

not 3 -p4 .cci..salr.

m s n g the L6 smp1e salt nanblaoaurom who

p a i d hedplnS WcLsrlal 0har.e of R51-100 par a c n r

P Ore In t h e llcenssd reclar, i are Ln i h a unliccnliad

accror and tie r e s t o i z are in tho o-wratiw sector. O? tils t0l.l O"Dt'.EI 16 Who pala M YPount IE.. iillll

R.50, 11 ala in the un\iososrd v e n o l 1 2 are in th.

I:EBrB$a BOC%DT .r6 *he other 0"s i s m tn. co-operrt lv~ mosrm. mOrg 23 ample scl; menuianhrera wnlr pald 05 1.101-200, :1 ms i.oeas.d s e e o r and ihe

raneining 9 *re in iha miicenrsa B a a o r . MOW t h e

98 xno have not noape n s l ~ and nlnos nsve n o i inamred any w n o ~ t u r e r ; ~ . aocount, 49 are i n tha unlirmwed

IBC~.~ , 4 8 in the .e=km nnd in. outer ons

I. h the iiCan.ed ascton

QarClcularl oi per acre cost of oiow raisnue

expsndltlre lnarrrsd iy ~ l e swlmul- ea l t ~aunuirstuwre

are Plven i n Table - 4.55. Unong Llle 153 mwniile salt monuiaciurarsl lsl10 per csnk spcnr bdow i . 5 0 p e r acre

on o:hor rauanua sxpsnditura, 15.69 p a a n r r a . i i - l o o i

5.54 psr mzt I.lOl-:iO> 4.57 par oent O l . 3 O l d M I 0.65