J O U R 3340 Oct 1 Online Journalism
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University of North TexasDepartment of JournalismOnline Journalism 3340
Oct. 1, 2009
Crowdsourcing - Annotated
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Today’s classWebsite of the DayCool tool of the dayReporting News in the DotCom Era
Crowdsourcing, We MediaConvergence and newsroomsSaving newspapers?
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CrowdSourcing – “We Media” Coined by Jeff Howe, 2006, Wired News articleIn his words:“crowdsourcing represents the act of a
company or institution taking a function once performed by employees and outsourcing it to an undefined (and generally large) network of people in the form of an open call.
“This can take the form of peer-production (when the job is performed collaboratively), but is also often undertaken by sole individuals. The crucial prerequisite is the use of the open call format and the large network of potential laborers.”
http://www.bnet.com/2422-13950_23-248641.html
Source: Journalism 2.0 – How to Survive and Thrive – Chapter 4: ‘New Reporting Methods”
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Crowdsourcing cont.Ability to gather vast amount of
information from a large group“Harnessing the power of community on a
continuing basis to improve the information base”
Beyond a grassroots concept, but as much a journalism tool as a corporate tool
Taking advantage of the “networked” world
“Open source” journalismOld days: proprietaryNow: Here’s what I’m working on, what do you
know?Source: Journalism 2.0 – How to Survive and Thrive – Chapter 4: ‘New Reporting Methods”
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Howe’s three types The ProfessionalThe PackagerThe Tinkerer
Source: The Rise of Crowdsourcing, by Jeff Howe, http://wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html.
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Three typesOnline tools allowing “professionals” to
share their workIstockphoto.com
Free image sharing by a group of graphic designersNow, a “marketplace” for the work of amateur
photographers22,000 contributorsCharging $1 - $5 per imageNOW, istockphoto.com is owned by one of the
world’s largest photo image services: Getty Images Getty purchased istockphoto for $30mm
Source: The Rise of Crowdsourcing, by Jeff Howe, http://wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html.
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The PackagerGathering content from multiple sources
Ability to capture content on a similar issue from around the globe – quickly
Report on stories from eyewitnesses – when reporters aren’t on the scene when it happens
Fuel the growth of “citizen journalism”Journalists at every corner
Pew Internet Study: 57 percent of 12 to 17 year olds online – about 12 million folks – creating content and posting
‘ireport” segments on major cable, local TV newsEntertainment/gossip TV and websitesYouTube, Flickr
Source: The Rise of Crowdsourcing, by Jeff Howe, http://wired.com/wired/archive/14.06/crowds.html.
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The TinkererProblem solvers
InnoCentive – research & development’s version of istockphoto
Innovators:Pooling ideas for creative solutionsKnight Foundation: NewsChallenge.com
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WikisThe Basics:A Web-based application that allows
people to add, remove, edit and change content through a browser.
The ease of interaction makes wikis an effective tool for collaboration. Wikis can be considered a content management system.
http://www.atlassian.com/software/confluence/videos/overview/overview.jsp
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CrowdSourcingWhy?
Gathering information quickly from multipleEngaging method to involve
readers/viewers/customersEducating a community of users who have
access to a greater variety information to make more informed decisions
Source: Journalism 2.0 – How to Survive and Thrive – Chapter 4: ‘New Reporting Methods”
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Crowdsourcing cont.It’s for real
Gannett Corporation – “Information Centers”Prioritize local news over national news; Publish more user-generated content; become 24-7
news operations, in which the newspapers do less and the websites do much more;
Use crowdsourcing methods to put readers to work as watchdogs, whistle-blowers and researchers in large, investigative features.
Source: Journalism 2.0 – How to Survive and Thrive – Chapter 4: ‘New Reporting Methods”
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Real ExamplesCincinnati Enquirer – Voter Issues – Nov
2006A Gannett newspapersNewspaper invited readers to submit
information about voter irregularitiesNewspaper posted them on a Google Map
BlackAmericaWeb.com – 2008 ElectionPartnership with NAACP National Voter FundVoters call in to report problemsInteractive map showing call volumesTom Joyner Morning Show driving listeners to
submit comments to the website or a phone line
Source: Journalism 2.0 – How to Survive and Thrive – Chapter 4: ‘New Reporting Methods”
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Real ExamplesThe Spokesman-Review
Create reader networksE-mail databases sorted by beat:
Education, Police, Specific citiesCorrespond with sourcesSeek/verify information Gather reader opinion
Why?Ken Sands – created the ‘networks’Interaction occurs before publication – during
information gathering processProactively contacting people you get a wider reaction
than waiting for them to call you
Source: Journalism 2.0 – How to Survive and Thrive – Chapter 4: ‘New Reporting Methods”
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Traditional Media InvestingMSNBC & EveryBlock.comExaminer.com & NowPublic.com
http://my.nowpublic.com/home?welcome_id=cf5f91615faec40ec33b0c8cf7cd812a
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Story Ideas: Where Do You Begin?
Who is your audience?
Print/Broadcast audience differs from web audience
Local, Regional, National … Global
‘Insatiable desire for information’
What can I add to create a rich, informative online experience?
“...we needed ….to make a special editorial emphasis that goes beyond what the print journal does or what the newswires do. It is a different audience. It is a complementary audience, but it is not the same as print, and we try to meet those information needs.”
- Rich Jaroslovsky, Man. Ed.,
WSJ.com
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Where Do You Begin?Traditional Sources
Sources/individuals Newspapers
Local and community Television News Wire Services Observation
Covering a meeting, events Press conferences Documents
Police reports, court filings, press releases
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Where Do You Begin?Today: It’s a Two-Way Street
Feedback pages Readers suggestions to editors, specific reporters
Message boards (NOLA.com)
Readers post comments everyone can read
Chat Rooms A dialogue among readers
Online polls (cnn.com, foxnews.com, Boston Globe)
Instant non-scientific reaction to stories, subjects
E-mail Reporters/Editors contact info published
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Where Do You Begin? New Reservoirs of Ideas
Groups (Yahoo!, Google, others)
Formerly ‘Usenet’ – broad range of subjects
Blogs (USAToday, NYPost,
Millions of them
Search engines Find sources, studies, special interests
MySpace, Facebook, YouTube!
Personal webpages … from human interest to the absurd
Tech Sites CNet, Mobile News, TechWeb
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Trash Into Treasure
It’s boring Who cares? It’s obscure It’s pointless It’s ridiculous It’s a cliche
Interviewee boring
The story has already been done
Nobody wants to read this
Nobody will understand it
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Types of News Websites
“Convergence” takes form in various waysUneven development due to:
Size of media companyPhilosophyStrategic Competitive strategy
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Types of News Websites
“ShovelwareWhat you read in the daily newspaper or see
on TV is what you see on the websiteCostsStaffingLack of technology/content management systemStrategic decision
All stories written in traditional inverted pyramid style
What are the pros & cons?
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Types of News WebsitesPeriodic Updating
Mainly shovelware with some exceptionsBreaking NewsSports stories/scoresSome dedicated staff assigned
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Types of News WebsitesContinuous Updating
Combination of shovelware and original packages
Wire-service (AP, Reuters) operation mentality
Sports stories/scoresSpecial ‘web-only’ reportsExtensive interactive features, graphics,
including audio and videoFull-time dedicated staff
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Corporate StructureSpecific newspaper brands tied to the
home townDallasnews.comWashingtonpost.comNytimes.com
Umbrella sitesNewhouse News’ Regional Approach
AlabamaLive.comNJ.comClevelandLive.com
Which approach is better? Does it matter?
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Digital Storytelling ToolsShovelware out, Within Media InIt’s no place for lazy journalistsDig deeper, report more, drive to find more
sources, quickerNeed to be more accurate and more
thoroughSearch, research and verify
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Integration
“Among-media”ShovelwareReproducing newspaper story as-is into
newspaperPosting video from newscast onto the web“I think that the great fear was that we were all
going to turn into three-headed monsters and do three times as much work in eight hours, and you just can’t. And, furthermore, you probably won’t do it that well; particularly in a market this size you can’t afford to have a mediocre person on TV or a mediocre news writer.” Jim Riley, Director of Operations, of TBO.comhttp://www.ojr.org/ojr/workplace/1017858030.php
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Integration
“Within-media”Great reporting + multimedia using digital
media tools: your pen, paper, digital recorder, digital video camera
Long form narrative meets digital story tellingFully integrated into the story assignment
processAbility for more in-depth coverage
Better interviewsGreater consciousness of photosSelected use of video
Fairness & accuracy still reign
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“Easy” Convergence “Difficult” Convergence
-Central to organization’s strategy-Committed and focused leadership-Culture of innovation and risk taking-Coordinating structure-Same ownership-Same values-Aligned systems and processes-Cable television partnerships-Past successes together-Cultures flexible or similar-Collocated-Lack of unions
-Not central; secondary or worse-Other leadership priorities-“Always done it this way”-No coordinating structure-Different ownership-Different values-Systems not aligned-Partnerships with over-the-air broadcaster-Previous problems or no relationship-Cultures not flexible-Located some distance apart-Presence of strong unions
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Types of Convergence Storytelling or presentation: Using digital
tools to create new forms of story telling.
Print Broadcast Internet
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Types of Convergence Storytelling or presentation: Using digital
tools to create new forms of story telling.
Print Broadcast Internet
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The Interactive AudienceShorter lines of communication between
journalists and audienceTraditional Media:
Readers v. Non-readersReaders an ‘amorphous mass’Defined audience – by geography
Circulation, ‘signal’
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The Interactive AudienceNow:
Individual, personalized, directEmail addresses for reportersTracking readers: Story by story
Top DownEditors toReaders
Readers in Control
Audience Participation
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Participatory journalism - “We Media”
http://www.hypergene.net/wemedia/weblog.php?id=P36
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