izkn'kZ iz'u i= 201izkn'kZ iz'u i= 2013&143&3&14143&14 fok ...

1

izkn'kZ iz'u i= 201izkn'kZ iz'u i= 201izkn'kZ iz'u i= 201izkn'kZ iz'u i= 2013&143&143&143&14

fo"k; & fo"k; & fo"k; & fo"k; & lekt 'kkL=lekt 'kkL=lekt 'kkL=lekt 'kkL= (Sociology)

d{kk & ckjgohad{kk & ckjgohad{kk & ckjgohad{kk & ckjgoha lsV&,lsV&,lsV&,lsV&,

le;& 3 ?kaVsle;& 3 ?kaVsle;& 3 ?kaVsle;& 3 ?kaVs iw.kkZad& iw.kkZad& iw.kkZad& iw.kkZad& 100100100100 Time- 3 Hours Maximum Mark – 100 funsZ'k& funsZ'k& funsZ'k& funsZ'k&

i. lHkh iz'u vfuok;Z gSA ii. iz'u i= esa fn;s x;s funsZ'k lko/kkuh iwoZd i<+dj mRrj fyf[k,A

iii. iz'u 1 ls 5 rd oLrqfu"B iz'u gS ftuds vUrxZr fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ] lR;@vlR;] lgh tksM+h cukuk] ,d okD; esa mRrj rFkk lgh fodYi dk p;u djuk gSA izR;sd iz'u 5 vad dk gSA 1x5= 5x5 = 25 vad

iv. iz'u Øekad 6 ls 24 rd esa vkUrfjd fodYi fn;s x;s gSA v. iz'u Øekad 6 ls 10 rd izR;sd iz'u ds fy, 2 vad ,oa iz'uksa ds mRrj yxHkx 30

'kCnksa esa fy[kuk gSA vi. iz'u Øekad 11 ls 17 rd izR;sd iz'u ds fy;s 4 vad ,oa iz'uksa ds mRRkj yxHkx

75 'kCnksa esa fy[kuk gSA vii. iz'u Øekad 18 ls 22 rd izR;sd iz'u ds fy, 5 vad ,oa iz'uksa ds mRrj yxHkx

120 'kCnksa esa fy[kuk gSA viii. iz'u Øekad 23 rFkk 24 esa izR;sd iz'u ij 6 vad ,oa iz'uksa ds mRrj yxHkx 150

'kCnksa esa fy[kuk gSA Instructions –

i. All question are compulsory. ii. Please read the instructions carefully before writing the answer. iii. Q. No. 1 to 5 are objective type which contain fill up the Blank, True/False, match the

colomn, one sentence answer and choose the correct answers. Each question is allotted 5 marks. 1x1 = 5x5 =25 Marks.

iv. Internal options are given in Q. No. 6 to 24. v. Q. No. 6 to 10 carry 2 marks each and answer should be given in about 30 words. vi. Q. No. 11 to 17 carry 4 marks each and answer should be given in about 75 words. vii. Q. No. 18 to 22 carry 5 marks each and answer should be given in about 120 words. viii. Q. No. 23 and 24 carry 6 marks each and answer should be given in about 150 words.

2

iz'u 1- fjDr LFkkuksa dh iwfrZ dhft,A

1- Hkkjr ds iwjc esa fgUnwvksa dk--------------rhFkZ LFkku fLFkr gSA

2- Hkkjr esa lcls /kuh vcknh okyk {ks= ---------------dk eSnku gSA

3- Hkkjr esa igyh jk"Vªh; tula[;k uhfr lu-----------esa ?kksf"kr dh xbZA

4- Hkkjr esa ekpZ 2007 rd------------iapo"khZ; ;kstuk,a iwjh gks pqdh gSA

5- e/;dky esa gksus okys lekt lq/kkj dks----------------vkanksyu dgk tkrk gSA

Fill in the blanks.

(i) The Hindu pligrimages............is situated in the east at India.

(ii) The most densety populated area is...........plain.

(iii) The first National population plane is declared in the year........

(iv) The................five years plance complete in March 2007 in India.

(v) The social reform in middle Era is called ............movement.

iz'u 2- lgh fodYi pqudj fyf[k, &

¼v½ fuEukafdr esa ls Hkkjr ds fdl jkT; esa vuqlwfpr tutkfr;ksa dh

tula[;k dk izfr'kr lcls vf/kd gS &

¼i½ e/;izns'k ¼ii½ NRrhlx<+

¼iii ½ ukxkyS.M ¼iv½ fcgkj

¼c½ Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vU; fiNM+s oxksZ ds fy, 27 izfr'kr vkj{k.k nsus

dh uhfr dks fdl o"kZ ls ykxw fd;k x;k\

¼i½ lu 1991 ¼ii½ lu 1992

¼iii ½ lu 1993 ¼iv½ lu 1994

¼l½ vYi la[;d oxksZa esa fuEukafdr esa ls fdls Hkkjr esa lcls igys

jk"Vªifr dk in izkIr gqvkA

¼i½ MkW- tkfdj gqlSu ¼ii½ Kkuh tSy flag

¼iii ½ Q[k:n~nhu vyh vgen ¼iv½ MkW- ,-ih-th- vCnqy dyke

¼n½ Hkkjr esa tkfr rFkk oxZ iqLrd ds ys[kd dk uke gS &

3

¼i½ th-,l- /kqj;s ¼ii½ ds-,e- dkifM+;k

¼iii ½ MkW- Hkxoku nkl ¼iv½ Mh-ih- eqdthZ

¼b½ fuEukafdr esa ls lks'ky ,.M dYpjy eksfcfyVh iqLrd dss ys[kd dk

uke gS &

¼i½ ,-,e- 'kkg ¼ii½ lkajksfdu

¼iii ½ Vh-,u- enu ¼iv½ vkUnzs fcrsbZA

Select and write the correct answer.

(a) In which of the following state in India the population persent of tribes

more -

(i) Madhya Pradesh (ii) Chattisgharh

(iii) Nagaland (iv) Bihar

(b) From which year the 27% reservation applied for other Backward class in

India -

(i) Year 1991 (ii) Year 1992

(iii) Year 1993 (iv) Year 1994

(c) Which of the following minority class in India found the past (disgnation)

of president first -

(i) Dr. Zaki Hussain (ii) Gyani Jail Singh

(iii) Fakharuddin Ali Ahamed (iv) Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam

(d) The name at the Auhar at the book "caste and class in India".

(i) G.S. Ghurye (ii) K.M. Kapadiya

(iii) Dr. Bhagwan Das (iv) D.P. Mukarjee

(e) In the following the Nameati Authar of the book cultural mobility -

(i) A.M. Shah (ii) Sorokin

(iii) T.N. Madan (iv) Andre Bitei

iz'u 3- fuEufyf[kr dk lR; ;k vlR; crkb;sA

1- Hkkjrh; lekt ea vk/kqfudhdj.k dh izfØ;k dsoy uxjksa rd lhfer gSA

2- uxjh;rk thou dh ,d fo'ks"k fof/k gSA

4

3- if'pehdj.k ,d rVLFk izfØ;k gSA

4- laLd`frdj.k dk laca/k Hkkjrh; lekt dh lkekftd lajpuk ds ifjorZuksa

dks Li"V djus ls gSA

5- uo e/;e oxZ dk mn; vkS|ksxhdj.k rFkk vk/kqfudhdj.k dk ifj.kke gSA

Answer the following in true or false.

(i) The process of modernization is limited only Urban areas in Indian

Society.

(ii) Urbanism is a special method of life.

(iii) Westernization is a stable process.

(iv) The relation of Sanskritization is to explain the changes of social structure.

(v) Rise of new middle class is the result of Indus trialization and

Modernization.

iz'u 4- izR;sd dk ,d okD; esa mRrj nhft,A

1- xkaoksa esa ftu yksxksa us Hkwfe ds cM+s fgLls ij u;h izkS|ksfxdh ds }kjk [ksrh

djuk vkjaHk dh mUgsa d`"kdksa ds fdl oxZ ds uke ls lEcksf/kr fd;k

tkrk gS\

2- Hkkjr esa fdl iz/kkuea=h us ;gka mnkjhdj.k dh izfØ;k dks vkjaHk fd;k\

3- fczfV'k 'kklu ds nkSjku tehankjh O;oLFkk dk vkjaHk fdlds }kjk fd;k

x;k\

4- vkt ljdkj }kjk lekt ds fdl oxZ dks f'k{kk dh lcls vf/kd lqfo/kk,a

nh tk jgh gS\

5- fdlh lekt esa tc yksxksa ds fopkjksa] lkaLd`frd ewY;ksa] fo'oklksa vkSj

izkS|ksfxdh esa ifjorZu gksrk gS rc ,sls ifjorZu dks ge fdl uke ls

lEcksf/kr djrs gS\

Write the Answer in one sentence each.

5

1. The people who started farming on the large part of land through new

technology by which name these changes are known?

2. Which priminister started the process of liberalization in India?

3. Who started the JAMIDARI system during British Government.

4. Which class of society is getting more facilities of Education by the

government at present.

5. When there is a change in thoughts of people cultural values beliefs

technology in any society then by which name these changes are known?

iz'u 5- LraHk ^v* ds fy, LraHk ^c* ls pqudj lgh tksM+h cukb;s &

vvvv &&&& cccc

¼v½ bjkorh dosZ & lkekftd Je foHkktu

¼c½ eqfLye fookg & vf/kekU; fookg

¼l½ vuqykse & lkekftd le>kSrk

¼n½ la;qDr ifjokj & Hkkjr esa ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk

¼b½ tutkrh; fookg & iRuh dh rqyuk esa ifr dh

mPp lkekftd ifjfLFkfr

Make the correct pair for column 'A' choosing from column 'B'

A - B

(a) Iravati Karve - Social labour division

(b) Muslim Marriage - Preferred Marriage

(c) Morgantically - Social Compromise

(d) Joint Family - Kinship system in India

(e) Tribal Marriage - Husband's High Social Status

to comparison with wife.

iz'u 6- HkkSxksfyd n'kkvksa ds vk/kkj ij Hkkjr ds pkj eq[; Hkkxksa ds uke fyf[k,A

6

Write main four parts of India on the bases of Geografical Conditions.

vFkok Or

vk;Z lekt dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh\

Who Established the "ARYA SAMAJ".

iz'u 7- tkfr dh dksbZ ,d ifjHkk"kk fyf[k,A

Write any one defination of caste.

vFkok Or

tutkfr dh dksbZ ,d ifjHkk"kk fyf[k,A

Write any one defination of Tribes.

iz'u 8- mikxe dk vFkZ fyf[k,A

Write the meaning of approach.

vFkok Or

Hkkjrh; lekt ds v/;;u ds fy, fdu pkj mikxeksa dks egRoiw.kZ ekuk

tkrk gS\

Which are the four important approaches to the study of Indian Society.

iz'u 9- f'k{kk dk D;k vFkZ gS\

What is the meaning of Education.

vFkok Or

tu lapkj ds vFkZ dks Li"V dhft,A

Explain the meaning of Mass media.

iz'u 10- Hkkjr esa jked`".k fe'ku dh LFkkiuk fdlus dh\

7

Who Established the Ram Krishna Missiion.

vFkok

Or

;g fu"d"kZ fdlus fn;k fd vijk/kh tUetkr gksrs gS\

Who gave this conelusion that the criminals.

iz'u 11- ltkrh; dk D;k vFkZ gS\

What is the meaning of Ethnicity.

vFkok Or

vk/kqfud Hkkjr esa ,drk ds eq[; rRo D;k Fks\

What were the main elements of unity in Modern India?

iz'u 12- Hkkjr esa tula[;k o`f) ds dksbZ pkj dkj.k fyf[k,A

Write any four causes of population growth in India.

vFkok Or

tukafddh dk vFkZ le>kb;sA

Explain the meaning of demography.

iz'u 13- Hkkjr esa uxjh; leqnk; dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a D;k gS\

What are the main characteristics of urban community in India?

vFkok Or

tkfr rFkk oxZ esa varj fyf[k,A

Write the difference between caste and class.

iz'u 14- la;qDr ifjokj dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a D;k gS\

What are main characteristics of Joint Family.

8

vFkok

Or

fgUnw fookg ds eq[; mn~ns'; D;k gS\

What are the main objectives of Hindu Marriage.

iz'u 15- v"Vkafxd ekxZ D;k gS\

What is Ashtangik Marg?

vFkok

Or

iap _.k ls vki D;k le>rs gS\

What do you mean by Panch Rin?

iz'u 16- laLd`frdj.k dh vo/kkj.kk ,oa fo'ks"krkvksa dh foospuk dhft,A

Discuss the concept and characteristics of Sanskritization.

vFkok Or

if'pehdj.k dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a D;k gS\

What are the main features of Westernization?

iz'u 17- tulapkj ds lk/kuksa ls vki D;k le>rs gS\ tulapkj ds izeq[k lk/kuksa ij

izdk'k Mkfy;sA

What do you mean by the means of Mass media? Throw light on the main means

of mass media.

vFkok

Or

Hkkjr ea f'k{kk leL;kvksa dk mYys[k dhft,A

Describe the problems of Education in India.

iz'u 18- tutkfr;ksa dh izeq[k fo'ks"krkvksa dk o.kZu dhft,A

9

Explain the main features of tribes.

vFkok

Or

tkfr O;oLFkk dh fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k,A

Write the characteristics of caste system.

iz'u 19- cqfu;knh f'k{kk ls vki D;k le>rs gS\

What do you understand by Basic Education?

vFkok

Or

f'k{kk ds eq[; mn~ns'; D;k gS\

What are the main aims of Education?

iz'u 20- Hkkjr esa vYi la[;dksa dh dksbZ ikap leL;k,a fyf[k,A

Write any five problems of minorities in India.

vFkok

Or

fiNM+s oxZ ls vkidk D;k vfHkizk; gS\

What do you mean by Backward Class?

iz'u 21- Hkkjrh; ukxfjd ds ekSfyd vf/kdkj fyf[k,A

Write the fundamental rights of Indian Citizen.

vFkok

Or

lkekftd ifjorZu esa iapk;r jkt dh D;k Hkwfedk gS\

What is role of Panchayat Raj in social change?

10

iz'u 22- HkfDr vkanksyu ds mn~ns'; D;k gS\

What are the aims of Bhakti Movement?

vFkok

Or

lekt esa fgalk ds dksbZ ikap dkj.k fyf[k,A

Write down any five causes of violence in Society.

iz'u 23- Hkkjr esa jkT;ksa ds lkeus vkt eq[; pqukSfr;ka D;k gS\

What are the main challenges before the states in India to day.

vFkok

Or

jkT; ds izeq[k vk/kkj D;k gS\

What are main bases of state.

iz'u 24- mnkjhdj.k dh pqukSfr;ka fyf[k, ,oa oS'ohdj.k dk D;k vFkZ gS\

Write the challenges of Liberalization and what is the meaning of Globalization

vFkok

Or

uo e/;e oxZ dh fo'ks"krk,a fyf[k, ,oa vfHktu lewg dks la{ksi esa

le>kb;sA

Write the characteristics of New Middle Class. What do you mean by Elite

groups.

& & & & & &

11

vkn'kZ mRrj vkn'kZ mRrj vkn'kZ mRrj vkn'kZ mRrj

fo"k; & fo"k; & fo"k; & fo"k; & lekt 'kkL=lekt 'kkL=lekt 'kkL=lekt 'kkL= (Sociology) d{kk & ckjgohad{kk & ckjgohad{kk & ckjgohad{kk & ckjgoha

oLrqfu"B iz'uoLrqfu"B iz'uoLrqfu"B iz'uoLrqfu"B iz'uksa ds mRrj &ksa ds mRrj &ksa ds mRrj &ksa ds mRrj &

mRrj 1- fjDr LFkku &

1- txUukFkiqjh

2- xaxk ;equk

3- 1976

4- nl

5- HkfDr vkanksyuA

izR;sd lghizR;sd lghizR;sd lghizR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsA fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsA fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsA fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsA

mRrj 2- lgh fodYi &

1- ukxkyS.M

2- 1993

3- MkW- tkfdj gqlSu

4- th-,l- ?kqj;s

5- lkajksfdu

izR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsAizR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsAizR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsAizR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsA

mRrj 3- lR;@vlR; &

¼i½ vlR;

¼ii½ lR;

¼iii ½ lR;

¼iv½ vlR;

¼v½ lR;

izR;sd lgh fy[kus izR;sd lgh fy[kus izR;sd lgh fy[kus izR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsAij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsAij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsAij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsA

12

mRrj 4- ,d okD; esa mRrj &

1- iwathifr d`"kd oxZA

2- ujflEgk jkoA

3- ykMZ dkuZokfylA

4- nqcZy oxZA

5- lkaLd`frd ifjorZuA

izR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsAizR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsAizR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsAizR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsA

mRrj 5- lgh tksfM;ka &

vvvv &&&& cccc

¼v½ bjkorh dosZ & Hkkjr esa ukrsnkjh O;oLFkk

¼c½ eqfLye fookg & lkekftd le>kSrk

¼l½ vuqykse & iRuh dh rqyuk esa ifr dh

mPp lkekftd ifjfLFkfr

¼n½ la;qDr ifjokj & lkekftd Je foHkktu

¼b½ tutkrh; fookg & vf/kekU; fookg

izR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 izR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 izR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 izR;sd lgh fy[kus ij 1 vad dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsAvad izkIr gksaxsAvad izkIr gksaxsAvad izkIr gksaxsA

mRrj 6-

1- foLr`r ioZrh; izns'kA

2- xaxk ;equk o xksnkojh ds eSnkuA

3- jsfxLrkuh {ks= rFkk

4- nf{k.kh izk;}hi dk iBkjA

mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 2222 vad izkIr gksaxsA vad izkIr gksaxsA vad izkIr gksaxsA vad izkIr gksaxsA

13

vFkok

vk;Z lekt dh LFkkiuk Lokeh n;kuUn us dhA


mRrj 7- etwenkj rFkk enu & tkfr ,d can oxZ gSA


vFkok

Mh-,u- etwenkj& tutkfr ifjokjksa dk ,d ,slk lewg gS ftldk ,d

lkekU; uke gksrk gS ftlds lnL; ,d fuf'pr {ks= esa fuokl djrs gS ,d

lkekU; Hkk"kk cksyrs gS rFkk fookg vkSj O;oLFkk ds ckjs esa dqN [kkl fu;eksa

dk ikyu djrs gSA


mRrj 8- mikxe v/;;u dk og rjhdk gS ftlds vk/kkj ij fdlh fo'ks"k lkekftd

rF; dh foospuk dh tkrh gSA izR;sd mikxe dqN fo'ks"k ekU;rkvksa ij

vk/kkfjr gksrk gSA fofHkUu mikxeksa dh izd`fr ,d nwljs ls blfy, fHkUu

gksrh gS fd muls lacaf/kr vo/kkj.kk,a vkSj v/;;u dh izfof/k;ka vyx&vyx

gksrh gSA


vFkok

1- Hkkjrh; fo|k'kkL=h; mikxeA

2- lkaLd`frd mikxeA

3- lajpukRed mikxeA

4- ,sfrgkfld mikxeA

14


mRrj 9- f'k{kk fodkl dh ,d ,slh izfØ;k gS ftlds }kjk euq"; cpiu ls ysdj

izkS<+koLFkk rd vusd rjhdksa ls vius HkkSfrd] lkekftd vkSj uSfrd i;kZoj.k

ls vuqdwyu djuk lh[krk gSA


vFkok

tu lapkj og izfØ;k gS ftlds }kjk ,d ;k dqN fopkjksa dks vusd lk/kuksa

ds }kjk fdlh cM+s leqnk; rd igqapk;k tkrk gSA blds vUrxZr ge eqfnzr

lapkj] fo|qr lapkj] rFkk n`';&JO; lapkj dks lfEefyr djrs gSA lekpkj

i= fofHkUu if=dk,a] VsyhQksu] QSDl] dEI;wVj] Vsyhfotu] jsfM;ksa vkSj

pyfp= vkfn tulapkj ds izeq[k lk/ku gSA orZeku ;qx esa tu lapkj

lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frd ifjorZu dk ,d izeq[k vk/kkj gSA

mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 2222 vad izkIr vad izkIr vad izkIr vad izkIr gksaxsA gksaxsA gksaxsA gksaxsA

mRrj 10- Hkkjr esa jked`".k fe'ku dh LFkkiuk foosdkuan us dhA


vFkok

yEczkslks us ;g fu"d"kZ fn;k dh vijk/kh tUetkr gksrs gS\


mRrj 11- latkrh;rk dk vFkZ & latkrh;rk ,d ,slh Hkkouk gS tks laLd`fr] /keZ] {ks=]

Hkk"kk] os'kHkw"kk vFkok thou 'kSyh ds vk/kkj ij fdlh fo'ks"k leqnk; dks

viuh ,d vyx igpku cuk;s j[kus dk izksRlkgu nsrh gSA latkrh;rk dk

15

laca/k mu iwokZxzgksa ls gS ftuds vk/kkj ij ,d ls ,d latkrh;rk lewg vius

ls fHkUu latkrh; lewg ls iFkdrk eglwl djus yxrk gS vkSj dHkh dHkh

nwljs dh rqyuk esa vius dks vf/kd Js"B ;k mPp fn[kkus dh dksf'k'k djrk

gSA lekt 'kkL= esa bl n'kk dks latkrh;rk dh izo`fRr dgk tkrk gSA

mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad imijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad imijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad imijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsAzkIr gksaxsAzkIr gksaxsAzkIr gksaxsA

vFkok

vk/kqfud Hkkjr esa ,drk ds eq[; rRo &

1- Hkkjrh; lafo/kku esa lekurk] Lora=rk vkSj /keZ fujis{krk dks vf/kd egRo

fn;kA

2- ljdkj }kjk lHkh {ks=ksa ds fodkl dks leku egRo fn;k x;kA

3- iapk;rksa ls ysdj laln rd esa lHkh /keksZa vkSj tkfr;ksa ds yksxksa dk

izfrfuf/kRo gSA

4- iwjs ns'k esa lHkh ds fy;s leku dkuwuksa ds }kjk U;k; fn;k tkrk gSA

mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsAmijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsAmijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsAmijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsA

mRrj 12- Hkkjr esa tula[;k o`f) ds dkj.k &

1- vf'k{kkA

2- fuEu thou LrjA

3- cky fookg dh izFkkA

4- la;qDr ifjokj O;oLFkkA

5- HkkX; esa fo'oklA

6- tUe vkSj e`R;qnj dk vlarqyuA

7- cgqifRu fookg dk izpyuA

8- xzkeh.k vFkZO;oLFkkA


16

vFkok

tukafddh 'kCn dk iz;ksx lcls igys lu 1855 esa xqbykMZ us fd;kA 'kfCnd

:i ls tukafddh og foKku gS tks tula[;k laca/kh fo'ks"krkvksa dks fooj.k

ds :i esa Li"V djrk gSA

xzscfud ds 'kCnksa esa & xzscfud ds 'kCnksa esa & xzscfud ds 'kCnksa esa & xzscfud ds 'kCnksa esa & tukafddh mu rF;ksa dh v/;;u gS tks ekuo

tula[;k ds fofHkUu i{kksa tSls tUenj] eR;qnj] izoklh; fo'ks"krkvksa vkSj mUgsa

izHkkfor djus okys dkjdksa dk v/;;u djrk gSA

xqbykMxqbykMxqbykMxqbykMZ & Z & Z & Z & tukafddh ,d xf.krh; Kku gS tks tula[;k dh HkkSfrd]

lkekftd] ckSf)d vkSj uSfrd n'kkvksa ds v/;;u ls lacaf/kr gSA O;kid vFkksZa

esa ;g ekuo lekt dk izkd`frd vkSj lkekftd bfrgkl gSA


mRrj 13- Hkkjr esa uxjh; leqnk; dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a &

1- tula[;k dh vf/kdrkA

2- lkekftd fofHkUurkA

3- fodflr izkS|ksfxdhA

4- Je foHkktu vkSj fo'ks"khdj.kA

5- O;kolkf;d fHkUurkA

mijksDrkuqlkj mijksDrkuqlkj mijksDrkuqlkj mijksDrkuqlkj esa ls fdUgha 4 dk foLrkj esa ls fdUgha 4 dk foLrkj esa ls fdUgha 4 dk foLrkj esa ls fdUgha 4 dk foLrkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr

gksaxsAgksaxsAgksaxsAgksaxsA

vFkok

tkfr rFkk oxZ esa varj &

1- tkfr dh lnL;rk tUe ij vk/kkfjr gksrh gSA oxZ dh lnL;rk O;fDr

dh ;ksX;rk vkSj lEifRr ls lacaf/kr gksrh gSA

17

2- ijaijkxr :i ls izR;sd tkfr dk ,d fuf'pr O;olk; gksrk gSA oxZ

O;oLFkk esa izR;sd O;fDr dksbZ Hkh O;olk; dj ldrk gSA

3- tkfr dh lnL;rk esa ifjorZu ugha fd;k tk ldrkA oxksZa dh izd`fr

[kqyh gqbZ gksrh gSA

4- tkfr ds fu;eksa dk laca/k ijaijk ls gksrk gSA oxZ ls lacaf/kr fu;e cnyrs

jgrs gSA


mRrj 14- la;qDr ifjokj dh eq[; fo'ks"krk,a &

1- cM+k vkdkj & ,d la;qDr ifjokj esa rhu pkj ihf<+;ksa rd ds jDr

lacaf/k;ksa vkSj fookg ds }kjk blesa lfEefyr gksus okys lnL;ksa dk

lekos'k gksrk gSA

2- lkekU; fuokl & la;qDr ifjokj ds lHkh lnL; R;kSgkjksa] mRloksa vkSj iwjk

ds volj ij ,df=r gksdj drZO;ksa dks iwjk djrs gSA

3- lkekU; jlksbZ & ftl ifjokj esa lHkh lnL; ,d gh jlksbZ esa cuk Hkkstu

djrs gSA

4- la;qDr laifRr & dkuwuh vkSj lkekftd rkSj ij ,d la;qDr ifjokj ds

lnL;ksa ds chp laifRr dk dksbZ caVokjk ugha gksrkA


vFkok

fgUnq fookg ds izeq[k mn~ns'; &

1- /kkfeZd drZO;ksa dh iwfrZA

2- iq= tUeA

3- jfrA

18

4- x`gLFk /keZ dk ikyuA

5- O;fDr ds thou dks laxfBr j[kukA

mijksDr fdUgh 4 fcUnqvksa dk foLrkj mijksDr fdUgh 4 fcUnqvksa dk foLrkj mijksDr fdUgh 4 fcUnqvksa dk foLrkj mijksDr fdUgh 4 fcUnqvksa dk foLrkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsAfy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsAfy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsAfy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsA

mRrj 15- v"Vkafxd ekxZ &

5- vk;Z 'kfDr;ksa dk leqfpr KkuA

6- n`<+ fu'p;A

7- lp cksyukA

8- fgalk vkSj nqjkpkj ls cpukA

9- bZekunkjh ls vkthfodk pykukA

10- vPNs dkeksa ds fy;s yxkrkj iz;Ru djukA

11- ykyp vkSj larki ls cpukA

12- jkx vkSj }s"k ls vius vkidks vyx j[kukA


vFkok

iap _.k &

iap _.k fganq /keZ dk ,d fl)kar gSA fgUnq /keZ O;fDrokn dks egRo u nsdj

lkewfgdrk dks egRo nsrk gSA izR;sd ij iokap rjg ds _.k gksrs gS &

6- nso _.kA

7- _f"k _.kA

8- fir` _.kA

9- vfrfFk _.kA

10- tho _.kA

mijksDr fdUgh 4 fcUnqvksa dk foLrkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsAmijksDr fdUgh 4 fcUnqvksa dk foLrkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsAmijksDr fdUgh 4 fcUnqvksa dk foLrkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsAmijksDr fdUgh 4 fcUnqvksa dk foLrkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsA

19

mRrj 16- lkaLd`frdj.k dh vo/kkj.kk &

lkaLd`frdj.k og izfØ;k gS ftlds varxZr fuEu tkfr;ka mPp tkfr;ksa dh

lkaLd`frd fo'ks"krkvksa dks xzg.k djds tkfr lajpuk esa viuh izfLFkfr dks

mapk mBkus dk iz;Ru djrh gSA

lkaLd`frdj.k dh fo'ks"krk,a &

1111---- lkaLd`frdj.k og izfØ;k gS tks fuEu tkfr;ksa dh ijaijkxr] lkekftd

izkfLFkfr esa gksus okys ifjorZu vkSj lq/kkj dks Li"V djrh gSA

2222---- lkaLd`frdj.k dqN ckgjh n'kkvksa dk ifj.kke ugha gS tc lekt dh

lajpuk esa vkarfjd ifjorZu gksrk gS rHkh ;g izfØ;k gksrh gSA

3333---- lkaLd`frdj.k dk vkn'kZ izHkq tkfr vFkok izHkko'kkyh tkfr gh gksrh gSA

4444---- lkaLd`frdj.k dk laca/k ,d cM+s lewg }kjk mPp tkfr dh lkaLd`frd

fo'ks"krkvksa dks xzg.k djus ls gSA


vFkok

if'pehdj.k dh fo'ks"krk,a &

1- ,d rVLFk vo/kkj.kk & ;g izfØ;k uSfrd :i ls blfy;s rVLFk gS fd

blds vuqlkj fdlh ifjorZu dks igys dh rqyuk esa vPNk ;k cqjk ugha

dgk tk ldrkA

2- ,d O;kid vo/kkj.kk & if'pehdj.k dh izfØ;k dk {ks= cgqr O;kid

gSA blesa vusd izdkj ds ifjorZuksa dk lekos'k gSA

3- ,d fuf'pr vkn'kZ dk vHkko & Hkkjr esa if'pehdj.k dh izfØ;k fdlh

,d ns'k dks vkn'kZ ekudj ugha pyrhA

4- u, ewY;ksa dk lekos'k & Hkkjrh; laLd`fr ds ijaijkxr ewY;ksa dh txg

if'peh laLd`fr ds bu ewY;ksa dks xzg.k djus dh izfØ;k dk uke gh

if'pehdj.k gSA

20


mRrj 17- tulapkj ds lk/ku &

tulapkj ds fofHkUu lk/kuksa dk dke ns'k ds vyx&vyx fgLlksa esa ?kfVr

gksus okyh ?kVukvksa] jktuSfrd xfrfof/k;ksa] varjkZ"Vªh; laca/kksa] rjg&rjg dh

lkekftd] vkfFkZd leL;kvksa] fodkl dk;ZØeksa vkSj fofHkUu oxksZa dh

Hkwfedkvksa dh tkudkjh nsus ds lkFk tulk/kkj.k dks euksjatu dh lqfo/kk,a

nsuk gSA

tulapkj ds eq[; lk/ku &

1- VsyhohtuA

2- jsfM;ksaA

3- lekpkj i= if=dk,aA

4- pyfp=A

5- nwjlapkj rFkk

6- O;aX; fp=A

mijksDr esa ls fdUghaa pkj dks foLrkjmijksDr esa ls fdUghaa pkj dks foLrkjmijksDr esa ls fdUghaa pkj dks foLrkjmijksDr esa ls fdUghaa pkj dks foLrkj fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsA fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsA fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsA fy[kus ij dqy 4 vad izkIr gksaxsA

vFkok

Hkkjr esa f'k{kk dh leL;k,a &

1- f'k{kk ij xSj ljdkjh izca/kdksa dk izHkko c<+us ls lkekftd vlekurk,a

c<+ jgh gSA

2- izkFkfed f'k{kk ds fy;s fn;s tkus okys /ku dk leqfpr mi;ksx ugha

gksrkA

3- f'k{kk esa O;kogkfjd fu;kstu dh cgqr deh gSA blh dkj.k lk{kjrk dk

y{; iwjk ugha gks ikrkA

21

4- f'k{kk ls lacaf/kr uhfr;ksa vkSj f'k{kdksa dh fu;qfDr;kas esa usrkvksa dk c<+rk

gqvk gLr{ksi ,d eq[; leL;k gSA


mRrj 18- tutkfr;ksa dh izeq[k fo'ks"krk,a &

1- lkekU; uke & izR;sd tutkfr dk viuk ,d uke gksrk gS tSls xkSaM]

eqaMk] Hkhy vkfnA

2- ,d {ks=h; leqnk; & izR;sd tutkfr ,d fuf'pr Hkw&Hkkx esa fuokl

djrh gSA tSls taxyh] igkM+h [ks=A

3- iFkd Hkk"kk & izR;sd tutkfr dh ,d vyx Hkk"kk gksrh gSA

4- vkRefuHkZjrk & tutkfr ,d vkRefuHkZj leqnk; gSA

5- jktuhfrd laxBu & Hkkjr esa yxHkx lHkh tutkfr;ksa ds vius&vius

lkekftd dkuwu gSA


vFkok

tkfr O;oLFkk dh fo'ks"krk,a &

1- lekt dk [kaMukRed foHkktuA

2- laLrj.kA

3- [kku iku esa izfrca/kA

4- lkekftd vkSj /kkfeZd fu;ksZX;rk,aA

5- O;kolkf;d foHkktuA

6- vUrfoZokgA

7- vknj izfrekuA

8- tkfr;ksa dh vUrfuHkZjrkA

mijksDrmijksDrmijksDrmijksDr esa fdUgh ikap fcUnq ij foLrkj ls esa fdUgh ikap fcUnq ij foLrkj ls esa fdUgh ikap fcUnq ij foLrkj ls esa fdUgh ikap fcUnq ij foLrkj ls fy[kus ij dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsA fy[kus ij dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsA fy[kus ij dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsA fy[kus ij dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsA

22

mRrj 19- cqfu;knh f'k{kk &

egkRek xka/kh th us vkfFkZd :i ls detksj ns'k ds fy;s ,d ,slh f'k{kk

O;oLFkk ij tksj fn;k ftldh lgk;rk ls yksx ijaijkxr nLrdkjh vkSj

O;olk; ds }kjk ljyrk ls O;olk; ds volj izkIr dj ldsaA mudk fopkj

Fkk fd drkbZ&cqukbZ] c<+bZfxjh] i'kqikyu] yksgkfxjh] crZu cukus dh dyk

tSls O;olk;ksa dh f'k{kk ls gh uo;qodksa dks O;kogkfjd Kku fey ldrk gSA

bl f'k{kk dks cqfu;knh f'k{kk dk uke fn;k x;k gSA

cqfu;knh f'k{kk dk ;g izko/kku j[kk x;k fd cPps dks lkr o"kZ ls pkSng o"kZ

rd dh vk;q rd vfuok;Z :i ls ;g f'k{kk nh tk;sA f'k{kk dk ek/;e

ekr~Hkk"kk ds :i ea fgUnh gksuk pkfg,A rFkk blds mn~ns'; izR;sd ;qod dks

vkRe fuHkZj cukuk gks rFkk f'k{kk bl izdkj dh gks fd O;fDr Lo;a gh

thfodk mikftZr djuk [kqn gh lh[k tk;sA cPps dh izfrHkk dks fodflr

djuk Hkh bl f'k{kk dk mn~ns'; FkkA


vFkok

f'k{kk ds eq[; mn~ns'; &

1- O;fDr dk lekthdj.k djukA

2- vius thou ij Lo;a fu;a=.k j[kukA

3- O;fDr vkthfodk mikftZr djus ds ;ksX; cu ldsA

4- O;fDr esa ,slh {kerk,a fodflr djuk ftlls vius fy;s ,d vyx LFkku

cuk ldsA

5- f'k{kk dk ,d eq[; mn~ns'; uSfrd fodkl djuk gSA

mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus imijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus imijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus imijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsAj dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsAj dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsAj dqy 5 vad izkIr gksaxsA

mRrj 20- Hkkjr esa vYila[;dksa dh leL;k,a &

23

1- euksoSKkfud :i ls vYila[;d leqnk; ds yksx ;g le>rs gS fd

la[;k esa de gksus ds dkj.k mUgsa vf/kd jktuSfrd vf/kdkj ugha fey

ldsaxsA

2- eqfLye leqnk; vkfFkZd vkSj 'kS{kf.kd fiNM+siu gksus ds dkj.k buds

ifjokjksa dk vkdkj c<+k gksuk gSA

3- Hkkjr eas iwoksZRrj jkT;ksa esa tgka bZlkbZ vYila[;dksa dh tula[;k dkQh

vf/kd gS muesa Hkh vlqj{kk dh Hkkouk ds dkj.k vkanksyudkjh izofRr

c<+rh tk jgh gSA

4- flD[k vYila[;dksa dks m|ksxksa] jktuhfr] ljdkjh lsokvksa vkSj f'k{kk esa

vPNk izfrfuf/kRo gSA budh viuh dksbZ vyx leL;k ugha gSA


vFkok

fiNM+k oxZ ls vfHkizk; &

Hkkjrh; lekt esa tks leqnk; vkfFkZd :i ls nqcZy gS mUgsa ge fiNM+k oxZ

dgrs gSA okLrfodrk ;g gS fd vU; fiNM+s oxZ dk rkRi;Z mu tkfr;ksa ls

gS tks tkfr O;oLFkk esa fuEu LFkku ij gksrs gq, Hkh vuqlwfpr tkfr;ksa esa

'kkfey ugh gSA ysdu tkfr O;oLFkk ds fu;eksa ds dkj.k lkekftd] vkfFkZd

vkSj 'kS{kf.kd :i ls fiNM+h gqbZ gSA bu tkfr;ksa dh vkfFkZd vkSj 'kS{kf.kd

n'kk es vf/kd lq/kkj ugha gks ldkA bl vk/kkj ij fiNMs+ oxksZa dks ,d

vof'k"V Js.kh vFkok cph gqbZ Js.kh dgk tkrk gSA

lafo/kku esa fiNM+s oxZ dk dksbZ fuf'pr vFkZ Li"V u gksus ds dkj.k ;g

vko';d gks x;k fd ljdkj lafo/kku ds vuqPNsn 340 ¼1½ ds vk/kkj ij

fdlh vk;ksx dks fu;qDr djds fiNM+s oxZ dh dlkSfV;ksa dk fu/kkZj.k djds

mUgsa fo'ks"k lqfo/kk,a nsus dk iz;Ru djsaA


24

mRrj 21- Hkkjrh; ukxfjd ds ekSfyd vf/kdkj &

1- lekurk dk vf/kdkj & dkuwu ds lkeus lHkh yksx leku gSA muds

chp /keZ] oa'k] tkfr] fyax] tUeLFkku ds vk/kkj ij fdlh rjg dk

HksnHkko ugha fd;k tk;sxkA

2- Lora=rk dk vf/kdkj & vius fopkjksa dks O;Dr djuk] ns'k esa vkus tkus

dk vf/kdkj] jgus dk vf/kdkj] O;olk; djus dk vf/kdkj] vU;

vf/kdkjksa ls ns'k dh lqj{kk] iz'kklfud O;oLFkk esa Bsl u igqaprh gks vkSj

viuk thou Lora= fcrk ldsA

3- 'kks"k.k ls j{kk dk vf/kdkj & O;fDr ls csxkj ugha ysuk] cky Jfedksa dk

'kks"k.k ugha djuk] fdlh Hkh Js.kh ds O;fDr dks csapk ;k [kjhnk ugha tk

ldrkA

4- /kkfeZd Lora=rk dk vf/kdkj & izR;sd O;fDr fcuk ncko ds fdlh Hkh

/keZ ds vuqlkj O;ogkj] izpkj dj ldrk gSA

5- laLd`fr vkSj f'k{kk dk vf/kdkjA

6- laoS/kkfud mipkj dk vf/kdkjA


vFkok

iapk;rh jkt dh Hkwfedk &

lkekftd ifjorZu esa &

1- xkao Lrj dh mi;ksxh ;kstuk,aA

2- xzkeh.k usr`Ro dk fodklA

3- nqcZy oxksZa dk fodklA

4- xzkeh.kksa ds thou Lrj esa lq/kkjA

5- LokLF; ds fy;s fo'ks"k iz;RuA

25

xkao ds fodkl vkSj lkekftd ifjorZu esa iapk;rh jkt dh vkSj vf/kd ls

vf/kd Hkwfedk fuHkk jgk gSA ysfdu xkao dh leL;k,a tSls xzkeh.k xqVcanh]

pquko] la?k"kZ] Hkz"Vkpkj dh izo`fRr vkfn ds dkj.k ifjorZu lekt esa ck/kk

cuk gqvk gSA


mRrj 22- HkfDr vkanksyu ds mn~ns'; &

1111---- nqCkZy yksxks dh lgk;rk djuk gh bZ'oj dks izkIr djus dk lcls vPNk

rjhdk gSA

2222---- HkfDr vkanksyu dk mn~ns'; lekt ds ewy <kaps dks cnys fcuk lekt esa

QSyh gqbZ dqjhfr;ksa] va/kfo'oklksa] lkekftd vlekurkvksa vkSj deZdk.Mksa

dk fojks/k djuk rFkk lkekftd thou dks vf/kd LoLF; cukuk jgk gSA

3333---- bZ'oj ds fy;s lHkh euq"; leku gSA

4444---- HkkbZ&pkjs dh Hkkouk dks fodflr djukA

5555---- NqvkNwr] lfr izFkk vkSj cky fookg dk O;kid fojks/k djukA


vFkok

fgalk ds dkj.k &

1111---- dqaBk & vlQyrk ds dkj.k O;fDr esa dqaBk vkSj ghurk iSnk gksus yxrh

gSA ,sls yksx naM dh fpark ugha djrs gSA

2222---- vlarks"k dk jktuhfrdj.k & valrks"k dk dkj.k tSls HksnHkko] Hkz"Vpkj

vkfn ls jktuhfrd nyksa }kjk vius fgrksa dks iwjk djus ds fy;s fd;k

tkus yxrk gSA blls gM+rky] can] rksM+QksM+ tSlh ?kVuk,a gksrh jgrh gSA

3333---- lekt dk vlarqfyr fodkl & fofHkUu lektksa esa vlarqfyr fodkl ds

QyLo:i Hkh ruko] la?k"kZ vkSj fgalk esa o`f) gksrh gSA

26

4444---- vkradokn & orZeku ;qx esa nqfu;k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa vkradoknh

xfrfof/k;ksa esa gksus okyh o`f) fgalk dk ,d izeq[k dkj.k gSA

5555---- laØe.kdkyhu n'kk,a & tc lekt ifjorZu ds nkSj ls xqtjrk gS rks

mlesa le; dh ekax ds vuqlkj fofHkUu laLFkkvksa vkSj O;ogkj ds rjhdksa

esa dfBurk ls gh dksbZ ifjorZu gks ikrk gSA


mRrj 23- Hkkjr esa jkT; ds lkeus pqukSfr;ka &

1- lkekftd vkanksyuA

2- ncko lewg fgr lewg vkSj la?koknA

3- lkEiznkf;drkA

4- {ks=oknA

5- tkfroknA

6- Hkz"VkpkjA

7- fons'kh dwVuhfrA

mijksDr esa ls fdUgha N% fcUnqvksa dks foLrkj lsmijksDr esa ls fdUgha N% fcUnqvksa dks foLrkj lsmijksDr esa ls fdUgha N% fcUnqvksa dks foLrkj lsmijksDr esa ls fdUgha N% fcUnqvksa dks foLrkj ls fy[kus ij dqy 6 vad izkIr fy[kus ij dqy 6 vad izkIr fy[kus ij dqy 6 vad izkIr fy[kus ij dqy 6 vad izkIr

gksaxsAgksaxsAgksaxsAgksaxsA

vFkok

jkT; ds izeq[k vk/kkj &

1- izHkqlRrkA

2- lalnh; yksdra=A

3- la?kh; lajpukA

4- yksdrkaf=d fodsUnzhdj.kA

5- /keZfujis{krkA

27

6- U;k; Lora=rk vkSj lekurkA

7- cgqnyh; iz.kkyhA

mijksDr esa ls fdUgha N% fcUnqvksa dks foLrkj ls fy[kus ij dqy 6 mijksDr esa ls fdUgha N% fcUnqvksa dks foLrkj ls fy[kus ij dqy 6 mijksDr esa ls fdUgha N% fcUnqvksa dks foLrkj ls fy[kus ij dqy 6 mijksDr esa ls fdUgha N% fcUnqvksa dks foLrkj ls fy[kus ij dqy 6 vad izkIr gksaxsAvad izkIr gksaxsAvad izkIr gksaxsAvad izkIr gksaxsA

mRrj 24- mnkjhdj.k dh pqukSfr;ka &

1111---- xjhch dks nwj djukA

2222---- jkstxkj dh leL;k dks nwj djukA

3333---- xzkeh.k m|ksxksa ds fo?kVu ds :i esa izfrdwy izHkko iM+kA

4444---- miHkksDrkokn esa o`f) ls _.kxzLrrk dh leL;k iSnk gks xbZ gSA

5555---- mnkjhdj.k ls ;g vk'kadk gksus yxh gS fd f'k{kk dk {ks= futhdj.k gksus

ls fuEu oxZ lekt oafpr gks ldrk gSA

oS'ohdj.k dk vFkoS'ohdj.k dk vFkoS'ohdj.k dk vFkoS'ohdj.k dk vFkZ & Z & Z & Z &

oS'ohdj.k ds vFkZ fo'o dh vFkZO;oLFkk eas ,dhdj.k dh izfØ;k ls gSA bldk

vFkZ gS fd tc fofHkUu ns'kksa ds chp O;kikfjd izfrca/k de ;k lekIr gksus

yxrs gS rFkk lHkh ns'k ,d nwljs dh izkS|ksfxdh vkSj vuqHkoksa dk ykHk

mBkdj viuk vkfFkZd fodkl djus yxrs gS rc bl n'kk dks oS'ohdj.k

dgrs gSA

lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frd vk/kkj ij oS'ohdj.k mRrj vk/kqfudrk dh mUur

n'kk dk uke gSA fo'o ds izfr O;kogkfjd n`f"Vdks.k tc fofHkUu ns'kksa ds

chp lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frd laca/kksa ds :i esa Li"V gksus yxrk gSA rc

blh n'kk dks ge oS'ohdj.k dgrs gSA


vFkok

uo e/;e oxZ dh fo'ks"krk, &

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1111---- uo e/;e oxZ lkaLd`frd vlarqyu dh n'kk gSA

2222---- Mh-ih- eq[kthZ }kjk uo e/;e if'peh <ax ls O;ogkjksa ls vf/kd izHkkfor

gSA

3333---- uo e/;e oxZ thou ds izR;sd {ks= esa Lora= rjg ds vkpj.k djuk gSA

4444---- ;g oxZ ,d rjg ds vkRe dsfUnzr oxZ gSA

5555---- bl oxZ eas miHkksDrkoknh laLd`fr dk rsth ls c<+uk gSA

6666---- izn'kZuokn bl oxZ dh ,d vU; fo'ks"krk gSA

vfHktu lewg &

vfHktu dk vFkZ mu yksxksa ds lewg ls gksrk gS tk egRoiw.kZ jktuSfrd inksa

ij vklhu gksrs gSA vFkok ftUgsa cM+s&cM+sa vf/kdkfj;ksa ds :i esa ljdkj dh

vksj ls iz'kklu ds dqN fo'ks"k vf/kdkj lkSais tkrs gSA

ijsVksa us lHkhvfHktuksa dks 'kkldh; vfHktu vkSj xSj 'kkldh; vfHktu tSlh

nks Jsf.k;ksa esa foHkkftr fd;kA orZeku le; esa mu lHkh lewgksa dks vfHktu

lewg ekuk tkrk gS tks jktuSfrd] iz'kklu] m|ksx] izkS|ksfxdh] izca/k] f'k{kk]

fpfdRlk blh rjg ds vusd {ks=ksa esa viuh ;ksX;rk vkSj dq'kyrk ds dkj.k

lekt dk usrRo djus yxrs gSA

mijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 6 vad izkIr gksaxsmijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 6 vad izkIr gksaxsmijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 6 vad izkIr gksaxsmijksDrkuqlkj fy[kus ij dqy 6 vad izkIr gksaxsAAAA

& & & & &

izkn'kZ iz'u i= 201izkn'kZ iz'u i= 2013&143&3&14143&14 fok ...

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