ivrit 1. - din-online.info · Title: ivrit 1..30 Created Date: 6/1/2009 7:57:34 AM
Transcript of ivrit 1. - din-online.info · Title: ivrit 1..30 Created Date: 6/1/2009 7:57:34 AM
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1.See: http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Jose_Antonio_Conde.
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ZGHRS,[NPF.ECZKKPKK[ZBNC\GDZPF.\N-BCKC,ECKZ,\ZW=\ZXI.6MZ’.
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Sefarad. Madrid, Instituto Arias Montano, 1941-
2006. (Bi-annual).
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[Z[Z\FEGZG\,MZLM"D,PS’1 13
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"RKXNRG,[ZERGGBRGRP[KLGRTCKZNEGZG\FCBKOB\PGZ[\KRGFKFGEK\".BCNPFZMG[NBFXNIRGNYCNBDGZF.
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[Z[Z\FEGZG\,MZLM"D,PS’1 14
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"PFCYGVSF[BN\K?"NPZG\[MCZFMZ\KB\F[KJFFHB\[N[PKZ\XKNGPKOCYGVSBG\.
"ZYZDT,IMF\QNKNIV[",FGBTRFG[GCF[\\Y.ZBK\K[RKSFNF\ZMHGNBIZEYFBG[\KO,BGZGTKRKGGFGB[NUXKNGOP\GLFYGVSBFHB\.XKNGOYJQ,[IGZNCQ,PTJEFGK,DHGZCSNSGNKOMVK[FKFPYGCNBH{B\BG\GXKNGOCEKGY.PEFKO!
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"EZLBDCBCKLNGNYFGBHF[XKNOBG\OCVNB[GCG[MVNB\FXKNGPKOGNMQFGBNBPGVKTCKRKFO".
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"PEGTNBIKE[\B\FY[ZTOFNCYGCKX’KOBIZKFPNIPF?"FY[K\KTNRGZCZJ,"FZKCKYZ\CK[ZBNFZCFVTPKO".FGBF[\\YGEPTG\FINGNHNGDPTKRKG.FCR\K[K[ROSKVGZKO[NBRK\QNCZZTE\GPOGNBFP[M\KNIYGZCRG[BHF[PSYZQBG\KTEFKGO.
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2006/6:TPGE17CZ[KP\[KRENZNVRKM[RFGIXKYZB\KTGEM\CFCTK\GQTNZ[KP\[KRENZ.FKF[OBKHMGZ[FZ[KPFFPNBFRPXB\CB\ZCBKRJZRJ.HMZ\KBPKZFS\PK\[NBCBTNSCB[NK,P[FNCYGCKW,[RVJZC-59MB[ZFKK\KKNEYJQ,GMPTJGNBFMZ\KFKFCKQFRKXGNKO.BCBFHMKZHB\MB[ZKXBRGPFYZRF[NFSZJ"Z[KP\[KRENZ"[NFCPBKSJKCQ[VKNCZD.KET\K
[Z[Z\FEGZG\,MZLM"D,PS’1 15
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RKSK\KNFCKQPFFCKBBG\KMT\,C[R\2006NFTPKYGNIV[B\FVZJKOFPTJKOTNFFKSJGZKFFP[VI\K\,EGGYBMT\[MPTJBK[PFRKXGNKOMCZNBIKGBKNG[TGEBK\RGBKROKMGNKOMCZNSVZMKBKROP\Y[ZKO.PEGTNBTZMRGZK[GO[NMN\GNEG\FP[VIFNVRKGCHPQFPNIPFTGEM[MGNOFKGXTKZKOKG\Z,XNGNKOGKMGNKONF[NKOB\MNFVZJKO.
FBOFOTGENBFKGPGMRKON\KTGEGNSKMGPKO?FBOBRKNBFKK\KC[NNFY[KCMKBG\?
11=07V\KI\BZMKGQFRBXKCCBE=BZGNSQ,
"PSGEZKOKPI[PO"
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FPI[CG\[TNGNKCZB[:"FDZPRKOFKGPSGEZKO,KPI[PO.[PZGTG\Y[NFZ[KPG\[NFBSKZKO[FGCBGNPIRF,BKNG[R[NIGPPRGNPIRG\BIZKO"."BKHFPHN"I[C\KNTXPK"[FOTCZGEZLFCKGZGYZJKFFDZPRK\,NMQMRZBFR[BZGTEGKG\GRK\QNTYGCBIZF\IRG\CPFNL[RG\FPBSZTEN[IZGZ[NBCBPPIRFFTCGEFCEZHEQC-1945"F\TGEG\FKGPNGG\CPM\CPSGEZ[N\IYKZQ[TZLIKVG[KSGEKC\TGEG\GZKMHBG\QTCGZRG.
ZYTNFSCB[NBCK,HF[[PKRYZBNHMZGBKQMN\KTGE.FKFMCQ80M[YZYGCRMC[FTNKEKFRBXKOGMRZBF[IGSNBGP\P\[K[G\GPING\TGENVRK[FGTCZG[ZKEKFKFGEKOPFDKJGNPIRF.KET\KTNSKVGZPGVNBBIZFY[GZNSCB[NPF,SKVGZXKGRK[NTNKFN\N-BCKCC-1927,\T[KKQPCGSSTO[CJDEGNPP[VI\NCYGCKWC\YGGFN\YGTKEGNFYKOMBQPVTN\T[KK\K.FSKVGZRDPZCPVIRV[CPVGN\FMNMNK\[N1929B[ZFIHKZFBG\OIHZFNYZYGCNBIZ[R[CZGMNMNK\GNBF[BKZGBIZKFOBNBPTJZMG[C\NBCKCCZIGCYZNRJZ.
[Z[Z\FEGZG\,MZLM"D,PS’1 16
-
NGFKGR[BZKOBHC\NBCKCCBG\OF[RKOTNVK
CY[\G[NPBKZEKHRDGU,MNSKVGZIKKGHF[NCRK
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FDGZNFY[F,FNCYGCKX’KOPYZYGCRNIPGGNB
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GF[\YPGCBGVQPGVNB.MN[R[BZNKFOPSVZ
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A
ZTF\I\JGCF*
KFGEFYNGHRZ
Z’[PTGQCQBCZFOBGNPB=DKRHCGZD1506=1586FKFBCKP[VI\FDKRHCGZDKO,FZB[GQ[RYZBTN[OTKKZ\PGNE\GGPG[CGDKRHCGZDTNDEG\FRFZDKRH,PZIYM-13Y"PPFTKZBGNO.SCG,Z’KIKBNPVGZJG,FKFPPDGZ[KSVZE)ZBFZ[KP\XBXBKG**(.ZCGGBCCK\FEKQ[NFTKKZFCBG\GHPQFKFZ’KXIYBKKHKYFNGKFK[K[,[FZCKWCF\GZFKG\ZP[NG[KO[RF.DOXBXBKG[NZ’KXIYR[BGB\F[ODKRHCGZDBGNOFOFKGNGKKO.
Z’[PTGQTSYCPSIZCBZXG\[GRG\GF\T[ZPBGE,TEMK"NBFKFCEGZG\KGTGEBIEMPGFGPCRKTPRGCB[MRH".FGBFKFDO"NPEQ,ISKEGTRKGPBGE"GCMNPYGO[FDKTNZDNTSYKG{GKRF,CGFPKFGVGNKQ{FGBF\ZGTTTOFIMPKOGFPNGPEKO[NFPYGO,FCKQEZMOGNPEPFOB\IMPG\FPETKO,P\PJKYFGBSJZGRGPKF.FKGNGPFNMKODOBXNFBXGNFCVGNKQGBUFGXDNVRKFPNLSKDKHPGREBGDGSJ.Z’[PTGQPXBIQCTKRKFPNLGRK\RFNGFHMG\NCGBNVRKGCIXZFPNMG\.FGBFT\KYB\PYGOPDGZKGNVGHQCFIKTEVJKZ\G,YZGCNDKN[PGRKO.
Z’[PTGQYKCNZ[G\PFYZEKRNNFG[KC[\KP[VIG\KFGEKG\CBGCZFBGHQ)Oberhausen([NKEB&S&Q)Essen(.FGBCIZCZ’R\Q[BJKQFMFQ)Schotten(NFKG\BIEPFRFRKOPFHMG\FHB\GBUR\QNGMSUNV\GICPSIZ.FGBZYF\RFBK\G,MKPQFZGGI[KZGKIK\QNGZCKTK\,GN[OMLFKFTNKG
NRSGT,VTOC[RF,NPYGOPDGZKG[NZ’[PTGQN\\NGEKQGI[CGQTNFMRSG\KG.
C[R\[M"E)1564(IENZ’R\QN\\EKQGI[CGQNPKJKCGGCZXGRGNFKPNJP\CKTG\Z’[PTGQFGBFTCKZB\PYGOPDGZKGNVZRYVGZJEPKKQ.NBIZ[RKSKGQZ’B[ZBFZQNTPNQ)Lemlen(CQ[PTGQNV[ZCKQFXEEKONBTNFKVF,FXNKIZ’[PTGQ,CTHZ\VYKEKFPP[N,NSDGZB\CK\GGZMG[G[NZ’R\QC\GYUIGYKFPEKRFGCIG\OPNMG\,TE[HFKBG\NCGBNVRKCK\EKQKFGEKCDKRHCGZDTNVKFHPR\G[NFBC"EZ’KXIYBKKHKYFNGK,\I\DHZ\"IZORKEGK[P\B".CBG\OKPKOFKFCVZRYVGZJEPKKQGTE[NZCRKB[MRH,[\VYKEGFKFNJVNCXZMKTOK[ZBN[CB[MRH,GZ’R\QFCKBYGCNRFCVRKGTEHF.CYGCNRFRBPZ,MKCF\INFFGBBMQI[CNFDKTNV[ZF,BLPBIZ[FGMV[[PGCVRKF[NJGRG\MZPBK,FGBIGHZCGGC[GOBGVQBKRGZGXFNCGBNKEKV[ZF.FGGTEFINNJVNCPZKCF[CKQFXEEKOGFGXKBM\CBK[GO,BHFZG\GECZKPGSZRDEZ’[PTGQ,I\GOCKEKIP[FZCRKO:Z’KTYCBC"EGGZPS,Z’[RKBGZCQ[PGBN,Z’P[FKGSUCQ[PGBN,Z’KGSUCQ[PGBN[VZKRW,Z’BNTHZJZKGG[BC"EVVE"PGFZ’YNGRKPGSCQYNGRKPGSFMFQ.CSGUFM\CFK\FYZKBFNXEEKONCGBNKEKV[ZF,NBCDKRHCGZDGNBCVZRYVGZJ,MKBOCBPXTFEZL.Z’KXIYBKKHKYFNGK,FBC"EPDKRHCGZD,ZBFCFINJ\FGTEIKNGNMCGEG,GCTYCG\HB\F\YKKPGIKNGVKPM\CKO
*NVK:EGEPDKE:P[VIG\DKRHCGZD=PDKN\KGISKQ,S’VJZCGZD,EVGS"FPNKW",.1899**Z[KP\FXBXBKO[NZ’KIKBNPVGZJGPGVKTFCDKZSFFBRDNK\[NFPBPZ.
[Z[Z\FEGZG\,MZLM"D,PS’1 17
-
IZKVKOGCGJKOCKRGGCKQZ’BNTHZJZKGGK[,[FTNGTGEKG\ZB\IP\GGMTSG[NZ’KXIYBKKHKY.NET\GRMRSGZCRKVZRYVGZJNZ[G\G[NBMEKQGPCNKN[PGTB\ET\G,GDOVDTGCMCGEGPCNKNF\I[CCDKNGFPGVND.ZCRKOZCKOKXBGNFDQTNMCGEG[NZ’KXIYBKKHKYFNGKFPIGNNGYKRBGNTNCGQF\GZF,GCZB[OPFZ"PPVBEGF,Z’PBKZYXRTNTRCGDTQ.CINKV\PM\CKOHGPMGRFZ’[PTGQC\BZKOPMGCEKO,MDGQ"FYXKQ",GCPKGIECPM\CPKGOJ"GJC\[M"F)1565(FKISBN[RKFXEEKOFKFPMGCE,GFOFGHMZGC\BZKO"DEGNKFPEKRF","FKYZKOGFRMCEKO".NBIZPM\CHFRZDTGFZGIG\GFXEEKOMRZBFF\V[ZG,GF[NGOCBTNMRG.ZBGBKNQKGISKQCINYFBRDNK.
E"ZKFGEFYNGHRZFGBPFRESBHZIKTOMA ,CE,BScPFJMRKGQIKVF,G-PhDPBGR’VZKRSJGQ
(Prnceton Univ.).FGB[KP[MVZGVSGZNFRESFBHZIK\CBGR’GKKQCEJZGKJ)Wayne State Univ.,
Detroit(GCPMGQNIYZFRDCCCBZ-[CT.PBH[R\1970FGBTCEMPFRESCRKKQCMKZGKGTWCICZG\
N\MRGQPVTNKO\T[KK\KKO[N\T[KG\MKPKG\G\T[KG\\FNKMKO.F\PIG\GFKBCTCGEG\YZYTGCKSGS.FGBVZSOPBPZKOPYXGTKKOZCKOGMQSVZTNPMRKY\FZXU[NYZYTG\)Continuum
Mechanics of Soils(.NBIZGRFFGBRYZBN[P[VZGVSGZNFRES\CRKKQCPINYFFIE[FNFRES\CRKKQ[FGYPFCBGRKCZSKJ\CQDGZKGQ,CBZ[CT.C[R\1982F\IKNNF\TRKKQCDRBNGDKFFP[VI\K\[NGGPMBQCDRBNGDKF[NP[VIG\BIZG\,GMKGOPSEFR\GRKO[CZ[G\GMGNNPSVZP[VIG\,CPKGIEP[VIG\ZCRKG\.FGBVZSOPSVZPBPZKODOCDRBNGDKF.EGBZBNYJZGRK:[email protected]
A
MCEB\BCKLGB\BPL
C\KFE[VSYK
NBIZGRFFMR\K\YNKJGZDVDFPMKN\PGRG\,PSPMKO,PGHKYFGPNN,FY[GZKONIKKFFGZKO[NK.NFV\T\KF\CZZNKMKVZGKYJHF,[HPQZCRPRT\KPNF\IKNCGMKI[C\K[FGBPKGTENPYXGTRKOCNCE,BKRGMFPSGCL,GDOPK[BKRGP\GZDNa#J&MRKYF[NT[KKFYGNRGTK\PSGDNNFGXKBB\FECZNVGTN.TNMQFINJ\KNINGYB\RKSKGRKTOBNF[IG[[KONFKMRSNVZGKYJ[MHF.
BPKFBNPRFRVJZFC[R\.2002[PGRF-T[ZIGE[NBIZPMQSKKPRG,BIKGBRK,NPKKQB\FYGVSBG\[R[BZGPIKKFGZK,G[PMKNG\TGNO[NO[NHKMZGRG\.NBIZ[[NIRGPSPMKOZCKONBZMKGRKO[GRKO,[I[CRG[KFKGPTGRKKRKOCIGPZ,R[BZNRGBGSUDEGN[NPSPMKOBK[KKOGXKNGPKO,FP[YVKOB\HKMZGRG\KFO[NNKBGGSKNCKFE[VSYK.
BSV\KB\MNFIGPZC[RK\KYKODEGNKOGMCEKO,GFKFY[FNFTCKZBG\OPPYGONPYGOMEKNFZBG\ONP[VIFGNICZKO.MLRGNEFZTKGQNFVGLB\FIGPZNVGZPJEKDKJBNKGNXZGCBG\GTNDVD,GCBGVQMHFKFKFKG\ZV[GJGRGINFTCKZ
B\PGZ[\FP[VIF.C-DVDHFF[\P[\KCFZXB\KCSRKUKZG[NKO[NFICZFFDRBNGDK\FK[ZBNK\,CIGE[KRGBZ.2009
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FINJ\K[YFNFKTE[NKKFKFFEGZFXTKZ[CP[VI\KGFEGZG\FCBKO.FSKVGZ[F\MGGR\KNSVZNFOFGBBKLIKK[RKFBR[KOFBNF{FFGZKO[NK{F\ICZGGBKLFOF[\\VGGF[\NCGCBKZGTKOFI[GCKO[NFTOFKFGEKCPBFFT[ZKO.
F\FNKLMNN[NG[F[NCKO:
C[NCFZB[GQKXZRG\SZKJGCIZRGPQFBNCGOB\FPSPMKOGB\F\PGRG\[FPIK[GCXGZFFJGCFCKG\ZB\FPSZ[C\SZKJ.
[Z[Z\FEGZG\,MZLM"D,PS’1 18
-
C[NCF[RKBSVRGIGPZZNGGRJKRGSUPFBKRJZRJ,1
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NBIZPMQFKKRGIKKCKONCIGZB\FPGHKYF.NBIZ[KYGNET\FINJ\KNF[\P[CTKYZC[KZKOTCZKKOG[KZKOCKKEK[,IGWPB[ZCPYGPG\[FPGHKYF[KP[FPCGBNIGPZ[TSYC\YGVFPSGKP\.CPYZKOBNFCIZ\KCPGHKYFFP[YV\B\F\YGVF.F[\P[\KC\YNKJKO[FKGNKCCK\BGC\YNKJKO[NICZKO.PF[FKFISZFGZE\KPFBKRJZRJ.
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C[NCF[NK[K,FBIZGQ,FKKRGHYGYKONTHZFPYXGTK\PQFIGW.FKFXGZLNBIEB\MNFIGPZ{F\PGRG\,FPGHKYFGFJYSJFPGYNJ{NPXD\MGNN\GNXZGCBG\FTNF-DVD.
F\GXZFSGVK,FRYZB"VZYKFHKMZGRG\[NNKBGGSKNCKFE[VSYK",FGBCBGZL[N22EYG\,GFGBNGYIB\FXGVFP"\IGOFPG[C"[NKFGEKZGSKFFXBZK\,TENFDKZFNBZXG\FCZK\G[FKKFYXZFCBZWK[ZBNFPREBJGZK\.EZMGP[YKUFXGVFTNVZ[\IKKFO[N[RKBR[KO[FKGRBPRKONFYP\PEKR\K[ZBNGNVK\GIdGMQNIKRGLFKFGEKCYZCFYFKNFFKFGEK\CBZXG\FCZK\.
T\F,MB[ZF[NP\KB\FVZGKYJ,BRKPGMRFN[\UB\P[VI\KGB\ICZKKFYZGCKOCPGZ[\KYZFHG.
C\KFE[VSYKTN\FNK[ZBNPVKNENVKFC[R\.1969CP[LNPTNFP[NG[FT[GZKOFKBFKK\F
ICZFCSDN[NFSGMRG\FKFGEK\,G\GL\YGVFHGFKB[KP[FM[NKIFCNGREGQ,RKG-KGZYGNGSBRD’NS.
A
PZMHPKETBGSVZKF?BG"FZFGZKOTN’[KZG\KFJYSJ’FREZ[KOCICZFFDRBNGDK\CK[ZBN
PZKBRFYZGRVNEHCKEGC
MIGYZ\DRBGNGDK\CZB[K\EZMF,CZGZNKMKF’JYSJ’,TN[NNPGVTKG,FGBCGHPRK\F’MNK’GF’PFG\’,FI[GCKOCKG\ZNVTRGISGEG\GIKEG\P[VI\KKO.C’JYSJ’MGGR\KNMNXGZ\FD[F[NPKETM\GC{SVZ,PBPZ,PKETBKRJZRJK,Z[KPG\[NTGNKO,\TGEG\PXFKCG\GTGEGTGE.GCPYZKOZCKO,CFTEZBR[KO[KTKEG)MKM[MCZC[NRGGBRGZGXKON[PGTTNFSKVGZFP[VI\K{FOMCZBKRO...({FPKNFFM\GCFFKBMPTJFEZLFKIKEFNTYGCBIZFZPHKO[FOF[BKZGNRGPTCZNHPQ.
PMBQ,PFFMZFCI[KCG\FPKETFM\GCNIGYZKO,XPIFFPGJKCXKFFPZMHK\[NKNRKFGNF’SVZKF’CID"KKZG[NKO.TOHB\,PFRIG\KKFKSGEKG\FQ[NB
ZYTXOYKGOFPKETI[GCBNB,GCTKYZ,BGVQBZDGRGGEZLFD[\GFO[KMGNKONYCGTMKXER\YEOCPIYZRGFDRBNGDK.
MKGOBRGIKKOCTKEQ[N"F\VGXXG\"PKETGPGXVKOCTGEUPCNCNGNBPCGYZ[NPKETHPKQFPGXDFQCZ[\FBKRJZRJGFQCVGZPJ[NSVZKO.FB\DZFPZMHK[RGCTPMLFGBFXGZLCVK\GI[KJG\NRKGGJGF\PXBG\CPCGMKFPKETFYKKO.CZXGRKN[\VMOC\GCRG\ZB[GRKG\TNBGVKF[KJFNBZDGQFPKETFREZ[NRGMIGYZKOC\IGOFDRBNGDK:
*PKETPGTKN:K[NF\PYECPKET[FGB"N\GTN\"FIGYZKO,ECZFEGZ[SKRGQ[NPKETGNBBDKZF[NMNJYSJBUBOMG\Z\GFKB
1.MEKN[PGZ\PGRG\PEGBZBNYJZGRK,PDGDNBGPFBKRJZRJ,K[NTPGETOFTMCZTNF\PGRFGNNIGWTNKPKQFTMCZ,NSPQ"[PGZ")save as(GN[PGZB\FYGCWTO[+OC\KYKKF.
2.B\F\PGRG\[RSZYGRK\QN[PGZC\KYKKFMy PictureBGC\KYKKFBIZ\,GRK\QNFDKTBNKFQCT\FMR\FPXD\.3.Power PointFGBINYP\GMR\PKYZGSGVJ.RK\QNF[\P[DOC\GMRFBIZ\.
[Z[Z\FEGZG\,MZLM"D,PS’1 19
-
"DRBGNGDKF".[BN\’PNKGQFEGNZ’FKBPFK’\GTN\DRBNGDK\’?PFGDGUFKETFDRBNGDKFKSGEKGBKLRDEKZB\PV\FPG[DKOFDRBNGDK\FCSKSK\?PFGJKCFPKETGFFKYUFRIGW?DOBOMNIGYZPTCEB\FPKETNVKPKGPRG\GGXZMKG=BKLRG\RKOPTRFNBK\GZGNBIHGZPKETZNGGRJKKONIGYZKOCTNKF\PYEGKG\PIYZKG\[GRG\?FBP\FKB[TEKKQNBPXB\K\[GCFPRKIFB\FET\GBRKPHPKRFB\MONSKKTCTKCGKFI[KCFTNSGDKG\BNF.
*PDGGQVGZPJKO:K[XGZLCPKETFCBCVGZPJKO[GRKO{FQPYGZG\BNYJZGRKKOGFQPGEVSKO.ECZ[MPGCQPXZKLB\FVNJVGZPFFJMRGNGDK\[CBPXTG\FPSGVYFPKET.
*PKETBPKQ:[BN\BPKRG\FPKETFKBIPYPYFPBGECTRUMPG[NRG.PBIZGBRGPS\PMKOVTPKOZCG\TNPYGZG\BGZNKKOGTNIGPZKOBGJGCKGDZVKKOY[FNFDEKZPFVKZG[F[NBPKRG\CPIYZDRBNGDK.TOHB\,REZ[KOCZKZFGFTZMFCYGZ\K\[NMNPKET[BRGPYCNKOGMQCIKRF[NPFKPRG\PYGZG\KGTNPR\[BVKYFPIYZNBKSJFNPIGHG\[FKK\KPMRFBG\O’PGPXBKO’.
*HPKRG\FPKET:TNFPKETNFKG\PGXDCEZLCFKZF,RGIFNBK\GZGBUYNFNP[NGI.HB\\GLFCRF[NFKCJKOB\KKOGICZ\KKOFRGDTKONRDK[G\NPKETGN[KPG[CG.
*F\PIG\GKIGE:K[RFI[KCG\PMZT\NFINJFCBKHFPKETP\PIFID"KMPPGYOCK[ZBN.GHB\NBZYPML[PSKKDKOXGPI\KXKZ\KG\)HB\BGPZ\:PDCNG\PIKKCG\F\PYEG\C[BN\"PFPKKIEBG\RGGPFCKMGN\RGNT[G\"(BGC[NFXGZLCPKYSGOFRKXGN[NP[BCKOYKKPKO.FF\PIG\I[GCFNRGC[NFPIGKCG\NFDEZFTXPK\{PKBRIRGGPFBRGKMGNKONT[G\FMKJGCGCPYXGTKG\DRBGNGDK\.
PMNBNFBRKJGTR\MKBZDGQFPKETFM\GC[NID"KBKRGKMGNNFKG\M[NBZMKGQ)[TKYZG{BMSGQPKETGNZGCBGSVKPSPMKO(BGM[NSVZKF)[TKYZF{YJNGDSVZKO,PKGROGRKFGNSVZKF(.REZ[MBQPCRFPSEZ[PBVKKQKG\ZPZMHPKET{PB\Z,SGYZ,PBREYSGPRFNZ[GPG\PKETC\IGPKFTKSGYFDRBNGDK,PJVNCCY[G\PKETGCP\Q[KZG\KPKETBKMG\KGPFKZN[KPG[G[NFIGYZ.
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\ZDP\KB\F\GCRG\FZB[GRG\[NKTNF[KJFNBZDGQFPKETFDRBNGDKNMEKIHGQGMKGGRKVTKNG\T\KEKKOGFGBPGXDNVRKMOMBQ)MPGDOCB\ZFDRBNGDK\FK[ZBNK\(:
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Vilnius LT-03134, Lithuania
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Lietuvos Centrinis Valstybes Archyvas
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E-mail: [email protected]
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HFGPXDNPF[ZRF[BZFKFBGPZ:BR[KOZDKNKOKGETKO[FMGNBV[ZK.
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[Z[Z\FEGZG\,MZLM"D,PS’1 26
-
SYKZFPB\:ZGHVNEPQ
Exiled to Palestine: The Emigration of Zionist
Convicts from the Soviet Union, 1924-1934 by
Ziva Galili and Boris Morozov, Routledge,
2006
SVZHFPDGNNB\FSKVGZ[NM-000,3VTKNKOXKGRKOCCZK\FPGTXG\[FGZ[GNTNG\NBZWK[ZBNC\YGVF[NFTNKKFFZCKTK\.FSVZPXKDNVRKRGB\FPG[D"FDKZFM\INKU"substitution
immigration."FDKZFM\INKU"FK\FSKEGZCKQFPP[NFSGCKKJKGDGZPKOCBZWK[ZBN[BV[ZNBSKZKO[REGRGN\YGVG\[NDZG[VRKPKNFDZNVNSJKRFCPYGONZXG\B\FTGR[.TNBU[NBMNFTNKKFFZCKTK\FDKTFNBZWCBPXTG\FSEZHF,FSVZIG[UCVRKRGPFYZFCCZK\FPGTXG\CBG\F\YGVF.FSVZPBV[ZNRGNFCKQB\FFCENKOCKQFHZPKOF[GRKO[NFVTKNG\FXKGRK\CBG\F\YGVF
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A
M\CKT\DRBNGDKKOHZKO
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ETSI, Vol. 11, No. 42, September 2008
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NCSGUSKMPFFTGZM\,NGZRSBCQ=XGZ=IHQ)Laurence Abensur-Hazan(B\SVZKFO[NPKSKGRZKORGXZKOP[R\1820CINYOFERKOCEKGGKFOTNFYFKNFFKFGEK\[CJGRKSKF.
MPGCMNIGCZ\,DOIGCZ\HB\PS\KKP\C\YXKZKFPBPZKOCKFGEK\=SVZEK\.
Revue du Cercle de Genealogie Juive No. 96
Octobre-Décembre 2008
BIEPBZCT\FPBPZKOFPFGGKOB\FIGCZ\FRGMIK\EQCKFGEKBND’KZFCKZF.
P\BZFPICZ,VKNKVERQ)Philippe DANAN(MKXEI\PG16PRMCEKFTKZTNTXGPFC[R\1831,IGE[KOBIEKONBIZMKCG[FTKZTNKEKXCBXZV\.
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CTYCG\TXGPFHB\CGJNF\VYKE[N"ZB[FBGPF"GSGNYMNKNCBYZKPQFIKKOFVGNKJKKOGMPGMQFGYODGUIE["FPGTXFFTCZK\".
RK\IFFVNKBGDZVK\,FDC’BNKBQZGS=[GN)ElianeRoos-Schuhl(,B\I\KPG\KFO[N[[F-T[Z
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A
SYKZ\PBPZKOCBRDNK\
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BCG\KRG,MZL24PS’3,S\KG2008
DBZKPGYGJGUTGCET\FTN"FXTFN\YQYCGTNZK[GO[PG\,\BZKMKOGPYGPG\CCSKSR\GRKODRBNGDK")A Proposed Standard for Names, Dates
and Places in a Genealogical Database(.MSVZRK\,BRKPXEE\CYCKT\\YRKOCZK[GOCSVZKKF,GRZBG\NKPBGEFFXTG\[CPBPZHF,FPCGSSG\TN[RG\RKSKGQZCG\:NPYGPG\ZG[PKOB\F[OFRFGDMKGO,NDCZKOZG[PKOB\F[OFIGYKFPYGCNGNR[KOB\[OFRTGZKO.F\BZKMKOFO\PKENVKFNGIFDZDGZKBRK.GHFGZYYXFFYZIGQC\FNKLFBIE\FZK[GOFDRBNGDK.CPBPZRK\RKOVZJKOZCKOGMQRKPGYKONMNFFINJG\.
GKYJGZTZPGRK,CRG[NVBGNTZPGRK)Kestenbojm([RVJZNBPMCZ)1932=2008(,PDK[CBFCFB\SKVGZFP[VIF.VBGNTZPGRKFKFCKQPKKSEKFICZFFDRBNGDK\FKFGEK\[NBZDRJKRF.
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http://names.lu.lv
"PVYEFBGMNGSKQFYKSZKCZGSKF,[R\1897"PB\BNMSREZEGRBK)Alexander Dunai(
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BEGBZEEGKENGVJ)Edward David Luft(MG\CTN"B\ZKTK\GRKOGM\CKT\CTNKTZLNPIYZFDRBNGDK".
FPBPZPCKB[RKB\ZKBKRJZRJFRG\RKO,CBPXTG\PKNG\PV\I,DK[FNJYSJFPNBCTK\GRKOPFPBFF-19GF-.20FB\ZFBIEPGVTNTNKEKSVZKK\FYGRDZS[NBZXG\FCZK\,GM\GC\G:
www.loc.gov./ChroniclingAmerica.FPBPZPCKBB\Z[KP\FTK\GRKO[RK\QNIV[CB\Z,PF[RKO
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[Z[Z\FEGZG\,MZLM"D,PS’1 28
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FDEGNF,MZL17,PS’1,PZS2009
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A
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