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Teknologi Penginderaan Jauh

untuk Kajian Urban Heat Land

RokhmatulohDepartment of Geography, University of Indonesia

7 Januari 2013

UHI (Urban Heat Island)

� UHI: Daerah-daerah tertentu

di perkotaan yang memiliki

suhu lebih tinggi dari daerah

sekitarnya/pedesaan,

� Pembangunan di perkotaan

membuat tutupan vegetasi

berkurang dan menambah

permukaan penyerap panas

(mis: atap bangunan, gedung-

gedung dan tutupan

beton/aspal),

� Panas juga muncul dari hasil

pembakaran bahan bakar

fosil dan penggunaan AC,

(Source: EPA, 2008)

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Source: Global Warming - The Greatest Threat © 2006 Deborah L. Williams

(Source:Voogt & Oke, 2003)

Proses Terjadinya UHI

Source: Global Warming - The Greatest Threat © 2006 Deborah L. Williams

(Source:Voogt & Oke, 2003)

Faktor yang mempengaruhi UHI

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UHI (Urban Heat Island)

� RTH (Ruang Terbuka

Hijau) memiliki peran

penting terhadap

munculnya UHI,

pengurangan 50% RTH

menyebabkan

peningkatan suhu udara

antara 0,4° hingga 1,8°C (Effendi, 2007),

Perbedaan Suhu Permukaan dan Suhu Udara

(Source: Spronken-Smith and Oke,1998)

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Suhu Permukaan dan Suhu Udara

Suhu dan Kelembaban Rata-rata

Jakarta

Sumber: BMG Balai Wilayah II Jakarta, 2006

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Suhu Rata-rata Jakarta

annuall mean temperature

27

27.2

27.4

27.6

27.8

28

28.2

28.4

28.6

1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

2122

232425

2627

2829

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

No.of station

Tem

per

atu

re m

inim

a

1980-1990

1990-2000

2000-2007

1.8

1.4

1.1

0.7

0.4

0

-0.4

-0.7

-1.1Glo

ba

l Te

mp

era

ture

Ch

an

ge

(d

eg

F)

Year

1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

380

360

340

320

300

CO

2C

on

cen

tratio

n (p

pm

)

1000 Years of CO2

and

Global Temperature Change

Temperature

CO2

CO2: Most Significant Greenhouse PollutantCO2: Most Significant Greenhouse Pollutant

CO2

CH4

Humans have increased carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere by more

than 37% since the Industrial Revolution (NOAA 2008)

Source: Global Warming - The Greatest Threat © 2006 Deborah L. Williams

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Courtesy of Woods Hole Research Center

Natural factors only Human factors only

Temperature Rising EstimationTemperature Rising Estimation

Source: Susandi, 2006

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Change in Annual Temperature

Change in mean annual temperature from the average 1961-

90 climate in deg Celsius (Source: Hulme and Sheard, 1999)

Penginderaan Jauh

(Source; Jensen, 1996)

• Ilmu dan seni untuk

memperoleh informasi tentang

obyek atau fenomena tanpa

kontak langsung.

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Spektrum Gelombang Elektromagnetik

Rentang GEM untukPenginderaan Jauh

DigitalDigital

FeedFeed--ArrayArray

DBF-SAR with Reflector AntennasPerekaman Data Penginderaan Jauh

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Platform untuk Penginderaan Jauh Thermal

(Source:Voogt, 2012)

Instrumen Penginderaan Jauh

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MODISMODISASTERASTER (TIR)(TIR)ASTERASTER (SWIR)(SWIR)ASTERASTER (VNIR)(VNIR)

MISRMISRMOPITTMOPITT

CERESCERES

ASTER

Advanced Spaceborne Thermal

Emission and Reflection

Radiometer

Sensor ASTER pada Satelit Terra

SatelitSatelit ObservasiObservasi SumberSumber DayaDaya BumiBumi padapada PeriodePeriode 1997 1997 -- 20032003

JumlahJumlah Band Band dandan Range Range PanjangPanjang GelombangGelombang

padapada ASTERASTER

Area Coverage= 60 km, Jumlah band= 14

Sumber: http//asterweb.jpl.nasa.gov

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(Source: Kelompok Studi Geografi, 2011)

Suhu Permukaan

(Source: Tursilowati, et al., 2012)

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Perubahan Tutupan Lahan

Perubahan

Tutupan Lahan

Jakarta

1976 - 2004

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Small things to avoid doubling CO2

Conservation Measures:

� Plant trees

� Conserve energy:

(examples: 1. use low-energy, low-water-use washing machines, 2. use a solar heated system for hot water, 3. use an electric or push mower for gasoline powered mower)

� Buy energy efficient products

� Buy products that have reusable or recyclable packaging

� Reduce use of car (walk & mass rapid transport instead)

� Recycle as much as you can

REDD+ (Reducing Carbon Emission)

� Indonesia’s forest land comprises

60 % of the country’s land area.

� Indonesia has voluntarily

committed to reduce its

emissions by 26% .

� Indonesia has set up 40 REDD+

projects (as per September 2011).

(Source: http://www.redd-indonesia.org)Source: mongabay.com

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Indonesia’s Forest Moratorium

� Launched in 2011, as a stepping stone to better forest governance by stopping any activity of forest

conversion and logging for a certain period of time,

� A commitment of Indonesian Government to reduce greenhouse gas emission by 26 %.

Source: Mongabay.co.id

Area of Moratorium

Source: Bappenas, 2009

Carbon emission from peatland

in Indonesia

Photo © Gary Braasch

Cataclysmic Consequences: InundationCataclysmic Consequences: Inundation

Bangladesh

Photo courtesy ourbangla.com

Source: wildwildweather.com

IPCC: Greenland would

induce about a 2 cm rise

in sea level

� Sea level has increased 3.1 mm/year

from 1993 - 2003 (IPCC, 2007)