Iuwm www 2011 a bahri final
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Transcript of Iuwm www 2011 a bahri final
Akiça BahriAkiça Bahri
GWP TECGWP TEC
Technical Committee and GWP Regions – Joint MeetingTechnical Committee and GWP Regions – Joint Meeting
17 August 2011, Stockholm 17 August 2011, Stockholm
ChallengesChallengesCities accommodate half the world’s population. Yet, water
security is not assured for billions of people.Pollution limits water supply for potable purposes and is the
vector for avoidable disease and death.The cost of traditional infrastructure is priced out of reach
for most of the world’s people.Climate change impacts cities with droughts, floods and sea
level rise. The uncertainty of these CC impacts changes the design reliability of the systems in place.
How cities can respond to a range of infrastructure needs?How cities can respond to a range of infrastructure needs?
What is GWP’s role?What is GWP’s role?
Conventional UWM: Conventional UWM: shortcomingsshortcomings
Accelerated urbanization Accelerated urbanization threatsthreats
Megacities: Much of urban growth is expected to come from unplanned
settlements or slums in and around megacities. Water security may be compromised from the impacts of
unplanned development and untreated wastewater.
Accelerated urbanization Accelerated urbanization threatsthreats
Coastal cities: Half of the world’s population live within 100 km of the sea
and 3/4s of all large cities are located on the coast.Urbanization in these areas often leads to pollution of
coastal waters, salinization of aquifers, and the destruction of ecosystems. These environmental impacts extend beyond the boundaries of the city itself.
Cities in transboundary basins: Two in every five people live in water basins that are shared
by more than one country. Sharing of common water bodies by cities poses a special
threat to freshwater quality and aquatic ecosystems. Border cities are also often affected by pollution problems in
the upper part of the basin. Small and mid-sized cities: The growing numbers of emerging small and mid-sized cities
will have significant impacts on water resources. An opportunity to embed IUWM practices into institutional
arrangements and urban planning from the outset.
Accelerated urbanization Accelerated urbanization threatsthreats
Sanitation
Solid waste
Water supply
Urban drainage
Water facilities
Integrated urban water management
Institutional: legislation
and management
Goals: quality of life and
environmental conservation
Urban planning:Soil use
Source: Tucci, 2009
Policy and institutional Policy and institutional arrangements for IUWMarrangements for IUWM
The role of:Central governmentMunicipal governmentUtilitiesStakeholders
How to relate ‘urban’ and ‘basin’ management
Space Administration level
Management Instrument Characteristics
Basin(usually > 1000 km2)
Nation or State Basin Committee and Agency
Basin Water Plan
Sustainable management of quantity and quality of the rivers in the basin
Municipality(usually < 50 km2)
Metropolitan Area
Municipality Integrated Water Plan
Sustainable development of urban water facilities inside the city, avoiding downstream impacts in the river system according to basin regulations
Integration of management at basin and city levels
Management approaches and toolsManagement approaches and tools
Wastewater reclamation and reuse Stormwater managementRainwater harvesting‘Green infrastructure’Payment for ecosystem services Efficient water use
Economic and financial Economic and financial instrumentsinstruments
Specific strategies to leverage resources from local authorities, consumers and the private sector.
Successful microfinance, output-based aid and loan-financed approaches particularly in the sanitation sector.
Green Water Credits - a type of Payment for Ecosystem Services - that bridges the incentive gap through taking regular compensation from water users to water providers for specified water management services.
The future: improved urban water governance
Public Institutional framework
LegislationSoil use, environment,
water resource
City Management
City plans
Integrated urban water plan
Urban development master plan
Other facilities plans such as transport
Basin Management
Institutional and municipal
land use framework
Parkinson et al., 2010
Understanding IUWRM through the prism of water security
Building RWPs/CWPs and using the Network to address core issue on the ground
Delivering on GWP Strategy through the Knowledge Chain
The methodology - Knowledge chain
City case studiesCity case studies
Water for gold – the development of water Water for gold – the development of water supply to Johannesburg and the Gauteng supply to Johannesburg and the Gauteng
ProvinceProvinceThe supply of water shows that water resources planning and
management has to be undertaken at the appropriate scale – and, for big cities, far beyond the urban boundaries.
Taking a multi user, multi-basin approach has allowed to achieve substantial social and economic development with limited and unreliable water resources.
Over the years, water quality management (salinity) has proved just as much of a challenge as water supply.
Since the platinum mining industry and surrounding towns need water, they are prepared to pay part of the costs of treatment and transfer, a win-win situation.
The advantage of the inter-linked system is that energy use and supply reliability can be optimised to the benefit of users – and the river environment.
1890s local springs
1902 Rand Water - Zuurbekom
1923 Vaal Barrage
1938 Vaal Dam
1982 Tugela-Vaal
1998 Lesotho Highlands Phase 1a
2004 Lesotho Highlands Phase 1b
Evolution of Gauteng’s water supply “footprint”
1970s Waste from Gauteng to Crocodile
2010 Waste to Lephalale & Limpopo
Next, the Zambezi?!
2020 Lesotho Highlands Phase 2
An inter-linked system where energy use and supply reliability can be optimized to the benefit of users – and the river environment
Vaal System – the big Vaal System – the big oneone
SCENARIO A
• High water requirement scenario, no further water loss reduction, no reduction in water use due to WC/WDM.
• Increasing irrigation water use continues until 2016.
• Implement both Phase 2 of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (Polihali Dam) and the Thukela Water Project (Jana Dam and Mielietuin Dam )
SCENARIO B
• Unlawful irrigation water use eradicated in 2011 and controlled thereafter
SCENARIO C
• 15% reduction in water use due to water conservation and demand management (WC/WDM)
• Unlawful irrigation water use eradicated in 2011 and controlled thereafter
• Phase 2 Lesotho Highlands Water Project (Polihali Dam) and Thukela Water Project (Jana Dam and Mielietuin Dam )
Water for gold – the development of water Water for gold – the development of water supply to Johannesburg and the Gauteng supply to Johannesburg and the Gauteng
ProvinceProvinceEffective water resource management in situations of water
stress will inevitably go far beyond city boundaries. Cities are important partners in this process. Their role is to
inform the wider system planning, to reduce water use as far as possible through conservation and efficient management and to manage their wastes effectively, as part of the overall system.
Managing water as part of a wider, multi-basin system, brings far greater efficiencies as well as economic and social opportunities than would be achieved by attempting to manage water within the city’s boundaries alone. Cities must work as part of the larger team.
SINGAPORESINGAPOREThe approach adopted is to integrate water beyond just
managing it in an integrated way. It is not just integration within the water loop but within the broader urban environment.
‘For us, water is a critical resource, so we had to look at it holistically and in an integrated way’ . ‘Water is woven into the urban fabric’ (Mr. Khoo).
Rainwater harvesting in urbanized catchments, reclaiming wastewater into NEWater for ind. use and IPR, and desal. and getting the community on board, recognizing water not just as a resource but as a very important environmental asset. Thus, transforming Singapore into a ‘city of gardens and water’.
Rain Sea
Direct Non-
Potable Use
Indirect Potable
Use
PUB Manages the Complete Water CycleFrom drainage of stormwater to sourcing, collection, purification and supply of drinking
water, treatment of used water and turning it into NEWater
NEWater
ENVIRONMENTALENVIRONMENTALSUSTAINABILITYSUSTAINABILITY
WaterFor All
InnovationTechnology
Water For All•100% Access to Safe Drinking Water•Commercial, industrial and recreational uses•Sustainable adequate quantity (eg water reuse)•Public acceptance
Conserve Value Enjoy• Efficient Water Use• Water Conservation• Water Recycling• Value of Water• Water Pollution
Control and Management
Conserve Value Enjoy
Environment Sustainablity•Reducing energy•Lowering chemical use•Minimizing sludge
Integrated Water Management for Cities of the Integrated Water Management for Cities of the FutureFuture
Local catchment Local catchment
Imported water Imported water
NEWaterNEWater
Desalinated Desalinated waterwater
4 National 4 National TapsTaps
3P 3P ApproachApproach
““Conserve Conserve Water”Water”
““Value Our Value Our Water”Water”
““Enjoy Our Enjoy Our Waters”Waters”
““Water for Water for All”All”
““Conserve, Value, Conserve, Value, Enjoy”Enjoy”
PUB’s Integrated Water Resource PUB’s Integrated Water Resource Management Management
The context: GWP Strategy 2009-2013GOAL 2: Address critical development
challenges Tackling urbanization:
50% of the world's population lives in urban areas and, with changing demographics characterized by massive migration into cities, by 2025 the percentage is projected to be 60%.
Urban water and wastewater management is a serious threat in most developing countries.
Most cities are unable to expand basic water services or manage growing competition among users.
Given the trends in urbanization, the need to improve water and waste management in cities is urgent.
But, this must take impacts over a wide area into consideration, both upstream and downstream, as well as across basin and aquifer boundaries.
As part of this effort, GWP will continue its work with UN-Habitat Water Operators Partnerships, where the focus will be on managing 'used water' as an essential element in overall water management.
Areas for potential Areas for potential engagementengagement
How to incorporate urban water management within the scope of the entire river basin?
The impact of urban development on the natural water cycle be changed through the development of an urban water cycle
How policy development and planning can be directed towards addressing global change pressures, and to achieving sustainable urban water systems?
How can neutral platforms enable stakeholders to contribute to achieving IUWM?