Iupware Course Syllabus Corrected Version

7/28/2019 Iupware Course Syllabus Corrected Version

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Interuniversity Programme in

Water Resources Engineering

(IUPWARE)

Programme Brochure

&Course Syllabi

K.U.Leuven

J une 2006


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Table of contents

1. Programme objectives.......................................................................................................12. Programme structure.........................................................................................................13. Degree...............................................................................................................................4 4. Admission requirements ....................................................................................................45. Application procedure........................................................................................................5

6.

Fees ..................................................................................................................................5

7. Scholarships......................................................................................................................58. Organizing institutions .......................................................................................................69. List of addresses and websites..........................................................................................610.Acronyms ..........................................................................................................................911.Description of the course content ....................................................................................10

11.1.Description of the 1st year courses .........................................................................11Advanced mathematics for water engineering.........................................................11Statistics for water engineering...............................................................................13Irrigation agronomy.................................................................................................15Aquatic ecology.......................................................................................................17Hydrological data processing and GIS ....................................................................19Hydraulics ...............................................................................................................21Surface water hydrology..........................................................................................22

Groundwater hydrology...........................................................................................23

Water quality assessment, monitoring and treatment..............................................25

Hydrological measurements and remote sensing....................................................2711.2.Description of the 2nd year courses........................................................................29

Systems approach to water management...............................................................29Social, political, institutional, economic and environmental aspects........................31Surface water hydrological modelling......................................................................34Groundwater modelling...........................................................................................35River modelling.......................................................................................................36Urban hydrology and hydraulics..............................................................................38Soil water modelling................................................................................................39Irrigation design and management..........................................................................41Advanced aquatic ecology ......................................................................................43Integrated project: humid case study.......................................................................44Integrated project: semi-arid case study..................................................................45Thesis research project...........................................................................................46


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Programme brochure / page 1

Part I: Programme Brochure

1. Programme objecti ves

The programme aims at providing academic training to young engineers and scientists inwater resources engineering at the level of an initial master programme, according to thequality specifications as outlined in the directives of the European Higher Education Area(http://www.eaie.nl/pdf/bologna.asp). The programme places emphasis on impartingknowledge and skills in modern data processing, modelling and analysis techniques incombination with advanced engineering tools with application to the field of water resourcesengineering.

The training of juniors in advanced skills in modelling and modern processing techniques isone very important factor to successfully combat the water crisis and improved watergovernance. This requires an increased insight in modern water resources engineering whichcuts across traditional disciplines and institutional boundaries. An important course outcometherefore, is that at the end of the programme successful participants should be able to apply

independently simple to complex models for solving day-to-day problems in the water sectorin various regions with different climatic, environmental and socio-economic conditions.

The employment of graduates is both seen at the academic and the professional level. Uponcompletion of the programme, graduates should be capable of taking a leading role in theimplementation of water resources development and management. Government agenciesand water user associations, who play a decisive role in the development and management ofaquifers and river basins, need well trained water engineers and managers. Training atacademic level means that emphasis is given to the training of future lectures andresearchers, so that in many countries a multiplicator effect is pursued. To prepare studentsfor this task, the master programme focuses on the provision of knowledge and skills inadvanced engineering tools and modern data processing techniques as a basis for: understanding of the basic principles controlling the water quantity and quality in the land

and water phase of the hydrological cycle;

optimal allocation of the available water resources, fresh water resources, and drainageand treated sewage water, between competing users; design of water works and the definition of appropriate operation and management

regulations for water development, conservation, supply, water use, and excessmanagement; and

spatial and temporal prediction of changes in the quantity and quality of the waterresource base as a function of the increasing population pressure and economicdevelopment.

Although the programme objectives are not limited to developing countries, the VLIR-UDC 1has recognized this international course programme (ICP) and awards scholarships tostudents from low-income countries.

The programme is designed such that it fits within the new boundary conditions of the

bachelor and master (BAMA) structure imposed by the Ministry of Education (Flanders,Belgium) in accordance with the general reform of the European higher education system. Inaddition almost 25 years of experience in master level training in the field of water resourcesby both partners is incorporated.

2. Programme structure

The master programme is composed of 2 study years; each year being organized bysemesters. Each semester has 13 weeks of instruction. The 1st year contains courses with

1 VLIR-UDC: Flemish Interuniversity Council University Development Co-operation


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the objective to bring the participants to the same level of knowledge and expertise in waterresources engineering. In the 2

ndyear of the master programme, the students specialize in a

particular aspect of water resources engineering by selecting particular courses and theirmaster thesis. Depending on the prior educational programme followed, attendants might berequested to take remediating courses, to which no credits are associated. The load of eachsemester, according the European Credit Transfer System (ECTS) is 30, making the load ofthe 1st and 2nd year equal to 60 ECTS. 1 ECTS represents 25 to 30 hours of student time.

The 1st year of the master programme is composed of 2 semesters (table 1). The 1stsemester contains 4 courses and 1 workshop. There is a course on advanced mathematicsand a course on statistics, both related to water engineering; the two other coursesprogrammed in this semester are on irrigation agronomy and aquatic ecology to underline theinterdependency of water and agriculture and ecology. Given the importance of theprocessing of large time series of climate and hydrological data, a workshop is foreseen inwhich the participants are introduced in the processing of hydrological data using appropriatesoftware, including software for the processing of geographic information. Each of the 4courses and the workshop has an ECTS load of 6, totalizing an ECTS load for the semesterof 30.

Table 1: Outline of the study programme of the 1st year in WREECTS: total of 60

creditsSubject (courses and workshops) 1stsemester

2ndsemester

Advanced mathematics for water engineering 6

Statistics for water engineering 6

Irrigation agronomy 6

Aquatic ecology 6

Semester1

Hydrological data processing and GIS (*) 6

Hydraulics 6

Surface water hydrology 6

Groundwater hydrology 6

Water quality assessment, monitoring and treatment 6Semester2

Hydrological measurements and remote sensing (*) 6

(*) Workshop without formal examination but mark based on submitted tasks/projects and continuousassessment

During the 2nd semester the attendants are given an introduction in hydraulics, surface waterhydrology and groundwater hydrology. Given the degrading effect of human activities on thequality of land and water resources, participants receive also a basic training in the monitoringand assessment of water quality, and the principles of water treatment. An introduction tohydrological measurements and remote sensing is presented in the format of a workshop.

In most courses of the 1st year, an initiation in numerical modelling is presented. Futureengineers will be more and more confronted in their profession with assessing the status ofintegral systems, the interaction of those systems with their environment, and the way those

systems react to varying human activities. To make predictions of system reactions, oneneeds to be able to simulate the systems using numerical models. Therefore, an initiation tomodelling with application to simple situations is given in most courses.

Each component of the 2nd semester of the 1st year has an ECTS load of 6, totalizing for the2nd semester an ECTS load of 30. Courses with a load of 6 allow the most straightforwardtime-tabling: 5 courses every semester with homogeneous mornings and afternoon sessions.


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Table 2: Outline of the study programme of the 2nd yearECTS: total of 60

creditsSubject (courses and workshops)1st

semester2nd

semesterSystems approach to water management 5

Social, political, institutional, economic and

environmental aspects

5

Optional workshop 1(*) 5

Optional workshop 2(*) 5

Optional workshop 3(*) 5Semester

3

Integrated project(**) 5

- Integrated project: humid case study- Integrated project: semi-arid case study

Semester4

Thesis research project 30

(*) Workshop without formal examination but mark based on submitted tasks/projects and continuousassessment. Students should select the three optional workshops from the list below.

(**) Either a project on a humid case or on a semi-arid/arid case

List of optional workshops Surface water modelling Groundwater modelling River modelling Urban hydrology and hydraulics Soil water modelling Irrigation design and management Advanced aquatic ecology One optional course/workshop relevant to Water resources engineering, subject to approval

by the programme committee.

The 2nd year of the master programme is composed of 2 semesters (Table 2). Whereas inthe 1st year all subjects are compulsory, in the 2nd year through choosing some of thesubjects and the topic of the thesis research project, the students can partially specialize inthe quantitative or qualitative aspects of water resources development and management. The3rd semester is composed of 6 courses (each with an ECTS load of 5), of which 2 compulsorysubjects relative to systems approach of water resources management and the social,political, institutional, economic and environmental aspects of water engineering. Theprogramme offers 7 optional workshops of which the students should selected three. Thesubjects of the workshops are related to surface water modelling, groundwater modelling,river modelling, urban hydrology and hydraulics, soil water modelling, irrigation design andmanagement, and advanced aquatic ecology. The optional workshops are different fromregular compulsory courses. Their major aim is to deepen the skills of the participants in

modelling, system management and ecology. Last but not least, the students are requested tomake an integrated project, based on a case study, with application to either a humid climateor an arid climate. The focus of the humid climate case study is on the handling of excesswater and the impact of human activity on the quality of the surface water and groundwaterresources system. The 2nd case study deals with the integrated analysis of the waterresources system in a water scarce environment, given the presence of large scale irrigatedagriculture. Each subject in the 3rd semester of the programme has an equivalent ECTS loadof 5, totalizing for this semester 30 ECTS.


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The 4th semester of the programme is entirely designated to the thesis research project. Theproject ought to be related to the broad field of water resources, either with emphasis on thequantitative or qualitative aspects of water, an experimental or a modelling based project, aproject related to the field of surface water, groundwater, river management ecohydrology, thedesign and management of urban drainage and the evacuation of urban effluent water, thetreatment of domestic effluents and the re-use of those effluents as irrigation water, thedesign, operation and management of irrigation schemes, the ecology of aquatic systems in

the subtropics and tropics. The thesis project is made at one of the departments supportingthe operation of the master programme. The topic of the master thesis project is often closelylinked to ongoing research within those laboratories. The ECTS load of the thesis is 30.

A detailed outline of the synopsis of each compulsory and optional subject of the 1st and 2ndyear programme is given in Section 11 of this document.

The 1st semester of each year usually starts the last week of September and ends before theChristmas holiday period. The 2nd semester normally starts in the middle of February andlasts till the end of May. In the 2nd semester there is a two week break around Easter. Theperiod between the first and second semester is used for studying and examining thestudents on the subjects taught in the first semester. In J une the exams of the subjects taughtin the 2nd semester are organized. The deliberation and proclamation is at the end of J une orearly J uly. Required re-examinations take place in the period 15 August-15 September.

3. Degree

After successful completion of the 2 years of the programme, the diploma of Master in WaterResources Engineering will be awarded. A transcript of academic records will be issued to allthe participants after each year of study. The degree of Master in Water ResourcesEngineering can be awarded with: Greatest Distinction, with or without congratulations of the board of examiners Great Distinction Distinction Satisfaction

4. Admission requirements

The 2-year master degree uses the same admission criteria as for the initial masterprogrammes organized by the Faculties of Bioscience Engineering and Engineering of theK.U.Leuven or the Faculty of Engineering of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. In practice thismeans that students possessing a bachelor degree awarded by a university recognized bythe European Higher Education Area (EHEA) in engineering (civil engineering, bioscienceengineering, environmental engineering, or any other equivalent engineering degree) andsciences (biology, geography, geology, etc.) can enrol in the 1st year of the masterprogramme. Holders of a bachelor (BSc, BEng, or BTech) degree of minimum a 4 year non-European university programme can only be admitted to the 1st year after positive evaluationof their application.

Given that the language of instruction is English, applicants should have a good command ofspoken and written English (for non-native speakers an English language certificate isrequired, for the TOEFL written test the score has to be at least 550; the computer based test213).

Students possessing a master degree equivalent to the degrees awarded by the Faculties ofSciences, Bioscience Engineering and Engineering of the K.U.Leuven or the Faculty ofEngineering of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel can apply to have an exemption of up to 60ECTS. Equivalent master degrees typically require a total duration of 5 (Europeanuniversities) to 6 years (universities in 3rd World countries). Applicants with such a degreecan apply for a direct entry into the 2nd year.

All applications will be examined in detail on their eligibility. For every course and workshop,clear prerequisites are required. This is done in the format of referring to one or morehandbooks, study material on the web, or by taking (a) course(s) at the university. Students


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who are weak in a particular subject will be requested to take remediating courses. Theuniversities also offer English crash courses.

The deadline for the submission of applications is March 1 for non-European students, andJ une1 for European applicants.

5. Application procedure

When applying for admission to the MSc programme in Water Resources Engineering,candidates must send the following documents: the completed and signed application form. The form can be obtained from the Katholieke

Universiteit Leuven, the Vrije Universiteit Brussel or at http://www.iupware.be; a certified true copy of the BSc/BEng/BTech or MSc/MEng/MTech diploma/degree (or

equivalent); a certified transcript of the candidate's academic records; the results of an English language test (if applicable); and a short personal history, including work experience.The completed application file should be sent to the secretariat of IUPWARE-K.U.Leuven(see list of addresses).

Do not come to Belgium with a tourist visa if you want to enrol in a study programme of morethan 3 months duration! An authorisation for temporary residence is necessary and should be

obtained from the Belgian Embassy/Consulate in your home country before entering Belgium.

One of the conditions for acquiring an authorisation for a provisional sojourn (temporary-stay)as a student in Belgium, is the proof of solvency. It is very important that a student has onhand sufficient funds to cover the whole stay at the university. Information on the total amountneeded can be found on the website of the organizing universities. After all, materialuncertainty can endanger the successful completion of the study programme. Therefore,applicants are advised to request funding from appropriate donor agencies (national andinternational governmental, non-governmental and private organisations).

If a student has no official fellowship, she/he must provide proof that she/he can bear all thecosts for living and studying in Belgium. Besides, they must make their own arrangements tobe covered by a health insurance during their stay in Belgium.

6. Fees

Fees are subject to changes. To know the exact enrolment fee, please consult the website ofthe K.U.Leuven or contact IUPWARE by email or phone (see list of addresses).

7. Scholarships

The programme organisers do not provide scholarships. Therefore, applicants are advised torequest funding from appropriate donor agencies (national and international governmental,non-governmental and private organisations).

Under the provisions of certain international cultural agreements, the Belgian governmentawards a limited number of grants to foreign postgraduate students each year. These grantsare available from the VLIR scholarship administration (ICP/ITP), see list of addresses forcontact information and website.

More information on grant awarding institutes can be obtained from the organisations listed inthe List of addresses of this brochure.

The scientific application for admission to the programme is separate and different from theapplication procedure for a scolarship.


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8. Organizing institutions

The Interuniversity Programme in Water Resources Engineering is organised by theKatholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U.Leuven) and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. The training,research, co-operation and consultancy activities of IUPWARE are supported by researchunits of the Faculties of Bioscience Engineering, Engineering and Sciences of K.U.Leuvenand the Faculty of Engineering of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. IUPWAREs managementconsists of a Steering Committee with 4 members of each university, and a Programme

Committee containing all lecturers as well as a representative of the teaching assistants andof the students (3 of each year).

The tasks of the steering committee comprise: (i) definition of the short, medium and longterm objectives of the programme; (ii) organisation of the master programme; (iii) recruitmentof visiting staff for courses, seminars and workshops; (iv) co-ordination of thesis researchprojects; (v) development of the annual budget and the breakdown of the budget; (vi)organisation of internal evaluation sessions; (vii) development of national and internationalresearch projects in the field of water resources planning and management; and (viii)development of the international dimension through creating links with programmes of theCommission of the European Community, international and national agencies, internationaluniversities and research institutions.

For the discussion, evaluation and follow up of specific problems related to educational and

programme matters the Programme Committee meets at least twice a year, in February andin October. The Steering Committee prepares the meetings of the Programme Committeeand suggests solutions and changes in the programme to the Programme Committeemeeting.

The subjects in the 1st and 2nd year of the master programme are taught by staff of theK.U.Leuven and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Apart from the permanent scientific staff of bothinstitutes, some of the teaching will be provided by guest lecturers, who are experts affiliatedto universities, research institutes, governmental agencies, consulting firms, contractors andsuppliers in Belgium and abroad, or by international organisations. This concept offers theadvantage that the programme has direct access to a much larger reservoir of up-to-dateknowledge and professional experience than would otherwise be the case, and it provides theflexibility in designing and implementing tailor-made courses to special needs at short notice.

9. List of addresses and websites

in Leuven, Belgium in Brussels, Belgium

IUPWAREhttp://www.iupware.be/

Organising universities

Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Vrije Universiteit Brussel(K.U.Leuven) Pleinlaan 2Naamsestraat 22 1050 Brussel3000 Leuven Tel: +32-2-629 21 11Tel: +32-16-32 40 10 http://www.vub.ac.behttp://www.kuleuven.be

Organising faculties

Faculty of Bioscience EngineeringKasteelpark Arenberg 20

Faculty of EngineeringPleinlaan 2

3001 Leuven (Heverlee) 1050 BrusselTel: +32-16-32 16 19 Tel: +32-2-629 27 58Fax: +32-16-32 19 99 Fax: +32-2-629 28 59http://www.biw.kuleuven.ac.be/English/index.aspx http://www.vub.ac.be/english/index.php


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Faculty of EngineeringArenberg CastleKasteelpark Arenberg 13001 Leuven (Heverlee)Tel: +32-16-32 13 50Fax: +32-16-32 19 82http://www.cs.kuleuven.be/faculty/cwis/fac-E.shtml

Faculty of ScienceKasteelpark Arenberg 113001 Leuven (Heverlee)Tel: +32-16-32 14 01Fax: +32-16-32 19 95http://wet.kuleuven.be/English/

Organising departments/laboratories

Division for Soil and Water Management Department of Hydrology and HydraulicDepartment of Land Management EngineeringCelestijnenlaan 200 E Pleinlaan 23001 Heverlee 1050 BrusselTel: +32-16-32 97 21 Tel: +32-2-629 30 21Fax: +32-16-32 97 60 Fax: +32-2-629 30 22http://www.sadl.kuleuven.be/lbh/lbw/index_lsw.htm http://twws6.vub.ac.be/hydr/indexEng.htm

Hydraulics LaboratoryKasteelpark Arenberg 403001 Leuven (Heverlee)Tel: +32-16-32 16 63Fax: +32-16-32 19 89http://www.kuleuven.be/hydr/Index.html

Laboratory for Aquatic EcologyCharles de Briotstraat 323000 LeuvenTel: +32-16-32 39 66

Fax: +32-16-32 45 75http://www.kuleuven.be/bio/eco/index.php

Student registration off ice

Student Administration Office(Registrars Office)University HallNaamsestraat 223000 LeuvenTel: +32-16-32 40 40Fax: +32-16-32 37 76http://www.kuleuven.be/english/admission/Index.htm

Accommodation for students

Van Dalecollege Housing Service VUBNaamsestraat 80 Pleinlaan 2 - Building P3000 Leuven 1050 BrusselTel: +32-16-32 44 00 Tel: +32-2-629 28 31Fax: +32-16-32 44 07 Fax: +32-2-629 36 19http://www.kuleuven.be/english/geninfo/livingleuven/b_accomstud.htm

http://www.vub.ac.be/english/infofor/prospectivestudents/housing.html


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Office for International students

Office for International students and Scholars International Relations and Mobility OfficeNaamsestraat 22 Pleinlaan 23000 Leuven 1050 BrusselTel: +32-16-32 42 71 Tel: +32-2-629 21 08Fax: +32-16-32 37 73 Fax: +32-2-629 36 40

http://www.kuleuven.ac.be/english/about/index.htm http://www.vub.ac.be/english/home/international.html

General addresses

Foreign EmbassiesAll information can be obtained from Foreign Affairs,

Foreing Trade and Development CooperationKarmelietenstraat 15, 1000 Brussels

http://www.diplomatie.be/en/addresses/abroad/default.aspTel: +32-2-501 81 11

English language testSeveral language test centers exist who organize language tests at regular interval

throughout the year. Information can be found on the website of TOEFL (www.toefl.org), GRE(www.gre.org) or IELTS (www.ielts.org)

Grant awarding instituti ons/organisationsVLIR scholarship administration (ICP/ITP), Bolwerksquare 1A, B-1050 Brussels

The VLIR website contains all the information concerning the scholarships:http://www.vliruos.be/UK/02programme/01scholarships/index.htm

Belgian Technical Cooperation, Hoogstraat 147, 1000 Brussels, BelgiumTel.: +32-2-505 37 00; Fax +32-2-502 98 62, website: http://www.btcctb.org/

Belgian Development Cooperation, c/o Foreign Affairs, Foreign Trade and DevelopmentCooperation, Karmelietenstraat 15, 1000 Brussels, Tel: +32-2-501 81 11

website: http://www.dgcd.be/en/index.html

European Commission (EC), Directorate-General for Education and Culture,Wetstraat 200, 1049 Brussels, Belgium, tel.: +32 (0)2 299 11 11,website: http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/education_culture/allprogrammes/index_en.html

Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations (FAO),Via delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy, website: http//www.fao.org/

General Commissariat for International Cultural Relations, Ministry of the Flemish Community,Boudewijnlaan 30, 1210 Brussels, Belgium

International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), Wagramerstrasse, A-1400 Vienna, Austriawebsite: http://www.iaea.org/

NATO, Scientific Affairs Division, Fellowships Programme, 1110 Brussels, Belgiumwebsite: http://www.nato.int/

UN Office of Technical Co-operation, Fellowship Division, UN-Plaza, 666 Third Avenue, New

York, NY 10017, USA (or) Palais des Nations, 1211 Geneve, Switzerlandwebsite: http://www.un.org/english/

UN Information Centre for Belgium, Luxembourg and the Netherlands and Liaison Office withthe European Community, Aarlenstraat 108, 1040 Brussels, Belgium,

website: http://www.un.org/english

UNESCO, Place de Fontenoy 7, 75700 Paris-Cedex, Francewebsite: http://portal.unesco.org/en/

WHO: World Health Organisation, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerlandwebsite: http://who.int/en/


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WMO: World Meteorological Organisation, 1211 Geneva 10, Switzerland,website: www.wmo.ch

Ministry of the Flemish CommunityUniversity Education

Bestuur Universitair Onderwijs, Koningsstraat 136, 1000 BrusselTel: +32-2-211 42 57

10. AcronymsBEng Bachelor of EngineeringBSc Bachelor of ScienceBTech Bachelor of TechnologyBTC Belgian Technical CooperationDGDC Belgian Development CooperationECTS European Credit Transfer SystemGIS Geographic Information SystemGRE Graduate Record ExaminationsICP International Course ProgrammeIELTS International English Language Testing SystemIUPWARE Interuniversity Programme in Water Resources EngineeringK.U.Leuven Katholieke Universiteit LeuvenMEng Master of Engineering

MSc Master of ScienceMTech Master of TechnologyTOEFL Test Of English as a Foreign LanguageVLIR Vlaamse InterUniversitaire Raad (Flemish Interuniversity Council)VLIR -UDC Flemish Interuniversity Council University Development Co-operationVUB Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Free University Brussels)WRE Water Resources Engineering


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Part II: Course Syllabi

11. Description of the course content

In this section of the brochure are described the content of the courses, workshops,integrated project and the thesis research project. Initiation in modelling in the courses of the1st year is restricted to algorithms and numerical computations for solving simple processeswithin an easy accessible environment (spreadsheet, Matlab, tailor-made software). In the2nd year modelling will be taught at higher level, applied to more complex and integratedproblems.

The total load of the study curriculum is 120 credits, spread over 2 years and 4 semesters (2semesters per year). Each semester has 13 weeks of effective teaching. One ECTSrepresents 25 to 30 hrs of study time.


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11.1. Descri ption of the 1st year courses

Advanced mathematics for water engineering

KUL-code H0F38BECTS-credit 6Type Review (compulsory) courseStudy load 165 hrs

Contact hours 30 hrs of theory / 30 hrs of practical / 30 hrs of assignmentPrerequisites Basic knowledge of calculus, matrix algebra and numerical methods;use of a spreadsheet, elementary knowledge of a technical computingsoftware package

Time 1st year / 1st semesterCourse material Lecture notesAssessmentmode

Quotation on sample problems and oral exam with written preparation

Complementarystudy material

Lopez, R.J ., Advanced engineering mathematics. Addison Wesley. Arbenz, K. and A. Wohlhauser. Advanced mathematics for

practicing engineers. Artech House. Lecture notes on computational hydraulics.

Additionalinformation

Emphasis is on exercises (hand-on experience); although exercises arerelated to problems in other courses (hydraulics, statistics, ..), emphasis

is on the mathematical solution techniques; students will makeextensive use of spreadsheet and Matlab (or alternative Octave)software package for the solution of problems.

Learning objective: Become familiar with mathematical formulations in fluid flow problems; Become familiar with some elementary numerical techniques for solving fluid flow

problems; Distinguish between exact solution and numerical approximation; and Learn how to deal with different notations in different text books.

Mathematical models are common place and are widely used by engineers dealing with waterresources. Knowledge of and critical insight in analytical and numerical techniques is howeveressential not only when one wants to use these models, but also for understanding and

evaluating their outcome.

Course/workshop description:The aim of the course is to introduce advanced mathematical techniques for analyzing fluidmechanics and for obtaining practical solutions for fluid flow problems. The course covers aselection from each of the three topics given below.

Mathematical theory of fluid mechanics:- Functions, vectors and tensors;- Gradient, divergence and rotation operators; theorems of Green and Stokes;

properties of irrotational, conservative and potential flow fields;- Time derivatives; velocity and acceleration, material derivatives; particle paths,

equipotential and streamlines; and- Coordinate systems and transformation rules; J acobian and Hessian matrices.

Partial differential equations for describing fluid dynamics:

-Characteristics and classification of differential equations;

- Properties of first order differential equations; solutions of kinematic wave equationsand advection equations;

- Properties of 2nd order elliptic partial differential equations; Laplace and Poissonequations related to stationary flow problems; and

- Properties of 2nd order parabolic partial differential equations; diffusion problems,advection dispersion equations.

Numerical techniques:- Numerical solution of systems of linear equations; relaxation techniques and

conjugate gradient methods;- Numerical solution of nonlinear equations, and systems of nonlinear equations;


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- Numerical techniques for interpolation, differentiation and integration; and- Least squares fitting and optimization techniques.

Practical: Exercises on functions and vector fields; calculation of potential functions and velocity

fields, verification of conservation and rotation properties; Calculation of path lines and streamlines for simple fluid flow problems;

Transformation of coordinate systems; Explicit and implicit numerical solutions for the advection-diffusion equation; Explicit and implicit numerical solutions for the momentum and continuity equations in 1

dimension; Solution of a kinematic wave equation problem, determination of wave velocities and

mass transport velocities; Computer exercises on solutions of nonlinear problems; Computer exercises on interpolation, differentiation and integration of discrete data sets;

and Computer exercises on curve fitting techniques.


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Statistics for water engineering

KUL-code I0742BECTS-credit 6Type Review (compulsory) courseStudy load 165 hrsContact hours 30 hrs of theory / 30 hrs of practical / 30 hrs of assignmentPrerequisites Basic knowledge of calculus, mathematics, statistics, and spreadsheet

softwareTime 1st year / 1st semesterCourse material Lecture notes +copy of slidesAssessmentmode

Quotation on PC exercise (for a new given dataset) +oral clarification.Both the PC exercise and the oral clarification are open book.


Shahin, M., H.J .L. Van Oorschot and S.J . De Lange, 1993. Statisticalanalysis in water resources engineering, A.A. Balkema, Rotterdam,Netherlands, 394 pages.

Willems, P., 2005. Statistics for Water Engineering, Lecture notesK.U.Leuven.


Additional datasets are given to the students to practise the statisticaltechniques.

Learning objective:

Fundamental knowledge and practical understanding is given for the common techniques ofdata processing in hydrology and water engineering. This knowledge and understanding mustallow the students to select and apply most appropriate techniques to summarize andorganize data. It also allows them to have an insight in the limitations of data collection, andthe corresponding consequences for water management and engineering. More specifically,the consequences to the development and the calibration of mathematical models and otherpredictive tools are discussed. Also the consequences to the evaluation, the exploitation andthe management of the water systems are addressed. The understanding of the datalimitations and their consequences are useful in setting up most appropriate data collectionprograms for specific water management and planning problems. Based on the discussionson linear regression and the different uncertainty sources (cfr. ANOVA), also a fundamentalinsight is given in the general process of mathematical modelling and relatedlimitations/uncertainties. By using examples from specific water fields (surface hydrology,hydraulics, wastewater treatment, etc) in the lectures and the practical sessions, this course

has important interactions with the other courses.

Course/workshop description:An overview is given of the important concepts of probability and statistics as they are used inhydrology and water management. After an introduction of the basic terminology, an overviewis given of techniques for data handling and data processing. These techniques can beclassified into two groups: descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. In descriptivestatistics, most common techniques are considered for summarizing and organizing the datain a sample (a dataset). These consist of both numerical and graphical techniques. Ininferential statistics, techniques are studied to draw conclusions about the physical reality (thefull population), based on a limited amount of data available (the sample). Regarding the lattertechniques, also the notion of mathematical modelling is explained together with the differentsources of uncertainty involved. In this way, the students are given a basic understanding ofthe limitations of mathematical modelling and their consequences to water management and

planning decisions.

The course uses examples in theory as well as for the exercises. These examples are mainlyhydrological and water quality data that are typically available for surface waters.

The following topics are addressed in the course, in chronological order: Initial definitions. Descriptive statistics:

- Graphical presentation of data- Statistical descriptors of data


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Probability theory:- Probability distributions incl. overview of distributions typically used in hydrology- Estimation of parameters- Testing statistical hypotheses incl. trend tests, goodness-of-fit tests, serial correlation

tests Extreme value analysis:

- Periodic maxima method vs. peak-over-threshold or partial-duration-series method

(POT, PDS)- Extreme value theory; GEV versus GPD distributions- Extreme value index, distribution classes- Return period- Flood frequency analysis; low flow frequency analysis- Selection of independent extremes from a time series- Combined analysis at different time scales / aggregation levels and introduction to

IDF, QDF and CDF relationships Regression and correlation. Linear regression as an example of a simple model to explain

the principles of model calibration and validation and model sensitivity and uncertaintyanalysis:- Model residual analysis- Model goodness-of-fit statistics- Introduction to model calibration and validation (based on the linear regression

model)- Model sensitivity analysis- Variance decomposition- Different types of uncertainty sources in mathematical modelling- Calculation of parameter uncertainties and model prediction uncertainties

Time series analysis and introduction to stochastic modelling:- Subflow filtering in hydrology- Autocorrelation, autocovariance- ARMA model- Random simulation and introduction to stochastic modelling

Spatial statistics:- (Semi-)variogram- Kriging

Practical:In the practical sessions, a number of datasets are considered, such as time series of riverdischarges, simultaneous measurements of water levels and discharges at a limnigraphicstation, BOD concentrations at the influent and the effluent of a wastewater treatment plant,etc.

The following techniques are applied to these datasets: Selection, calibration and plotting of probability distributions; Regression and correlation +error analysis +statistical hypothesis tests; Confidence limits for model parameters, model prediction uncertainty; and Calculation of independent POT extremes from the discharge series (independent or

dependent on baseflow filter results) +extreme value analysis +return period calculation.


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Irrigation agronomy

KUL-code I0736BECTS-credit 6Type Review (compulsory) courseStudy load 165 hrsContact hours 30 hrs of theory / 30 hrs of practical / 30 hrs of assignmentPrerequisites


Quotation on sample problems (open book) and oral examination(closed book), and assessment of homework (1 report)


Crop evapotranspiration. Guidelines for computing crop waterrequirements. 1998. FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper N56. Rome,Italy, 300 p.


Learning objective:The course of Irrigation Agronomy aims to provide the students a comprehensive introductionin the climatic, crop, soil and environmental aspects that determine the water balance of acultivated field and in the calculation of the crop water and irrigation water requirement at field

and scheme level. During practical sessions the students receive training in the use ofsoftware packages that are helpful for the processing of climatic data, for the simulation of asoil water and salt balance and for the design of irrigation schedules. The aim of thehomework is to give students extra time to work out in depth some practical examples and totrain them in scientific reporting. At the end of the course the students should be able to planand evaluate the water supply for irrigation schemes.

Course/workshop description:Part 1: Agro-climatology Measurement, collection and processing of climatic data such as air temperature, air

humidity, wind speed, solar radiation, evaporation and precipitation and an introduction toagro-meteorological field stations;

Definition, concepts and measurements pan evaporation, reference (ETo) and crop (ETc)evapotranspiration;

Study of the growing period (onset, duration and cessation of the rainy season); and Characterization of the global dryness/wetness of the growing season, based on

estimation of the dependable effective rainfall from historical time series of rainfall data.

Part 2: Water dynamics in cropped soils Soil physical properties (particle size distribution, bulk density, soil water content, soil

water potential, hydraulic conductivity); Water characteristic function (definition, measurement, field capacity and wilting point,

total available water, readily available water); Steady state (e.g. capillary rise from a shallow water table under steady state conditions)

and unsteady state water flow; Crop water uptake functions; Soil water balance of cropped soils; Soil salinity balance under rainfed and irrigated conditions.

Part 3: Irrigation water requirements Computation of the net and gross irrigation requirement; Effect of soil salinity on crop water requirement; Yield response to water under unlimited and limited water supply [Ky approach (functional

model) and dynamic response based modelling approach]; Yield response to water under saline conditions; Estimation of field and scheme water supply.


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Part 4: Irrigation scheduling principles Theory of irrigation scheduling when water supply is not limiting; Effect of irrigation system [surface irrigation systems (basin, border and furrow), and

pressurized irrigation systems (sprinkling and trickle irrigation)] on irrigation scheduling; Theory of scheduling under conditions of water scarcity (e.g. deficit irrigation); Theory of scheduling under conditions of irrigation with low water quality; and Practical planning of irrigation scheduling at field and project level.

Practical:The practical exercises aim at training the students in methods for the processing of climaticdata, the characterization of the rainy season, the computation of the reference and cropevapotranspiration, the calculation of the salt and water balance of cultivated rainfed andirrigated fields, and the calculation of net and gross water requirements for various conditions.

During the practical sessions the students receive an introduction in the use of the followingmenu driven software packages: ETO: reference evapotranspiration (K.U. Leuven); RAINBOW: frequency analysis of hydrological data (K.U.Leuven); FOACLIM: world-wide agroclimatic data (FAO); BUDGET: a soil water and salt balance model (K.U.Leuven); and UPFLOW: capillary transport of water above a shallow water table (K.U.Leuven).

The homework consists in the further development of one particular simulation and the writingof a scientific report describing the method, discussing the results and formulatingconclusions.


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Aquat ic ecology

KUL-code G0M22BECTS-credit 6Type Review (compulsory) courseStudy load 165 hrsContact hours 30 hrs of theory / 30 hrs of practical / 30 hrs of assignmentPrerequisites Basic knowledge of biology


Oral exam with written preparation (2/3); report on assignment andpractical exercises is also evaluated (1/3)


Freshwater ecology Wetzel, R.G., 2001. Limnology, 3rd ed., Saunders College

Publishing, Forth Worth. Horne, A.J . and C.R. Goldman, 1994. Limnology, 2nd ed.,

McGraw-Hill, New York. Moss, B., 1998. Ecology of Fresh Waters, Man and Medium, Past to

future. Third ed. Blackwell Science.Marine ecology Levinton, J .S., 1995. Marine biology: function, biodiversity, ecology.

Oxford University Press, New York.


Learning objective:The course aims to provide an introduction to the structure and functioning of fresh andmarine aquatic ecosystems, in such a way that the information can be usefully applied inwater quality assessment, water quality management and rehabilitation of natural aquaticenvironments. It is aimed to provide the student with the necessary background on ecology ingeneral and fresh water ecology in particular, so as to guide him/her in judging on the impactof certain measures or disturbances on aquatic ecosystems, in developing and evaluatingrestoration measures, interpreting reports on environmental degradation, etc. Through theassignment, the course aims to increase the capacity of the students to engage in scientificdiscussions and report on topics related to the sustainability of aquatic habitats in relation tohuman impact.

Course/workshop description:Emphasis is on the structure and functioning of freshwater systems, but comparativeinformation on marine systems is provided. Wherever possible, the concepts and ideasdeveloped in the course are also illustrated using examples from and studies carried out inthe tropics.

Part 1: Freshwater ecologyCharacteristics of water; Lentic habitats (lakes, ponds,...):

- Distribution, genesis, typology and morphology of inland waters;- Physico-chemical characteristics of lakes and ponds: light, thermal stratification,

oxygen, salinity, inorganic carbon, nitrogen cycle, phosphorus cycle, micronutrients;- Productivity and structure of aquatic ecosystems;

-Living biota: phytoplankton community, zooplankton community, fish and the trophiccascade; and

- Human impact, threats and restoration: eutrophication, acidification, fisheries,biomanipulation.

Lotic habitats (streams and rivers): typology, community structure, floodplains; Estuaries; and Notes on tropical limnology.


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Part 2: Marine ecology General characteristics in comparison to freshwater ecosystems; Physical and chemical characteristics; Living biota;

- Phytoplankton;- Zooplankton; and- Fish and fisheries.

Productivity.

Practical:Excursion: introduction to sampling equipment for the determination of the physico-chemicalcharacteristics of water, the sampling of phyto- and zooplankton, periphyton and benthos,introduction to shallow lake ecology and restoration of shallow lakes;

Practical exercises: survey of freshwater communities (phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthos,fishes): diversity, counting methods, illustration of ecological concepts and experiments,introduction to indicators of biological water quality; and

Assignment: students will be engaged in a literature review on themes either related totropical wetland ecology, to the impact of man on aquatic habitats (threats and restorationmeasures), or to the monitoring of diversity and ecosystem structure in relation to humanimpact, discussions will be organized on these themes, and the students will write a report on

a theme of their choice, elaborating on an issue that attracted their attention during thediscussions, based on a literature survey introduction to marine communities.


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Hydrological data processing and GIS

KUL-code I0Q53BECTS-credit 6Type WorkshopStudy load 180 hrsContact hours 120 hrsPrerequisites Elementary calculus and introductory hydrological knowledge


Evaluation by continuous assessment of the exercises and submittedtasks/projects


Orvis, W. J ., 1996 (2nd edition). Excel for Scientists and Engineers.Sybex, San Francisco: 547 pages.

Maguire, D., M. F. Goodchild and D. W. Rhind (eds.), 1991.Geographical information systems: principles and applications.Longman Scientific and Technical, London, UK. Volume I(Principles): 649 pages and Volume II (Applications): 447 pages.


Part A: http://www.agr.kuleuven.ac.be/vakken/i840/Part B: http://pointcarre.vub.ac.be/

Learning objective:

This course is instrumental in support of general objectives of the programme such as (1) themodelling of process and water systems, (2) planning, budgeting and exploitation of watersystems, (3) evaluation, optimization and management of water systems and (4) impactanalyses and decision support systems.

The learning objective of the first part is to enable students to effectively use Information andCommunication Technology for Water Resources Engineering. The objective of training onnetworked PC's is in establishing skills in finding information, electronic communication,solving quantitative problems, and reporting and presentation of results. Emphasis is onlearning how to tackle problems and find solutions rather than on specific (fast outdating) ICT-techniques.

The learning objective of the GIS part is to equip the student with a set of spatial datamanagement and analysis tools, which can be applied to different water resources problems.

The objective of the course is therefore not to concentrate on one specific water resourcesaspect or analysis/modelling technique but to stimulate and allow the student to integratedifferent data sets, analysis and modelling tools into a common environment from wherehe/she can tackle the water resources problem in an integrated manner. Practical learningobjective for the student at the end of the course will therefore be that he/she independently isable to analyze a water resources problem with the help of GIS. Further objective of thecourse is the build up of a framework of notions and understanding for the student of thediverse GIS systems and techniques in order that he/she will be able to communicate withexperts in this field and can follow new trends and technologies.

Course/workshop description:Part A: Information Technology for Hydrological Data ProcessingThe fast evolution in ICT requires a continuous update of the content of the workshop and thehard-, and software and network tools. Emphasis is on spreadsheet as an example of

software and as a tool for quantitative analysis. A more detailed training in spreadsheet ispreferred above a superficial review of many ICT-tools. Introduction to PC, network, electronic communication and WWW; Integrated offices as general toolbox for texts, databases, spreadsheets, presentations.

Special attention to equation editing in word processing and graphical illustrations inpresentations and documents;

Spreadsheet as calculation tool for water resource engineering. General principles ofspreadsheet, formulas, used defined functions, graphing, numerical techniques;

Editing of Web-pages by WYSIWIG-editors; and ICT aspects of data-logging, transmission, representation and storage.


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Part A of the workshop consists of a combination of time-tabled PC-classes andindependently executed tasks. During the organized PC-classes exercises are solved with ahands-on approach and prepare the students for individual tasks, relevant to water resourcesengineering and tailored to their options. Each student selects a relevant subject as a centraltheme to all tasks. These tasks are solved as supervised self-activity and submitted forevaluation.

Part B: Hydrological Data Processing with Geographic Information SystemsThe aim of Part B of the workshop is to give the state of the art of spatial informationprocessing using GIS, applied to water resources engineering problems. Students acquisitionof practical skills is promoted by computer exercises in GIS analyses using GIS software.

The following topics will be treated: Basic principles of digital cartography, LIS and GIS: history and definitions; Spatial data models: vector models, tesselation models, raster, TIN, etc; Data input techniques: digitizing, scanning, and V/R en R/V conversion; Planimetric integration: map projections and coordinate transformations; Spatial interpolation techniques: trend surface analysis, local interpolation techniques; Accuracy of spatial data analyses: type of errors, error modelling, error propagation; and Cartographic modelling techniques: local, focal and zonal operations, model building.

Case studies of practical GIS use in water resources engineering are presented. Futurepossibilities and impact of GIS techniques are discussed. The practical introduction andhands-on exercises are given in ArcView. Exercises include: Carthographic modelling,Database query, Distance and context operators, Map algebra, Introduction to spatialhydrology, and Catchment water balance determination. This section of the workshopincludes an individual GIS-project related to the background of the student and/or the possiblenext year thesis topic. The definition and guidance of these individual projects is done incooperation with the lecturers of other courses and promoters of theses.


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Hydraulics

KUL-code H0518AECTS-credit 6Type Basic (compulsory) courseStudy load 165 hrsContact hours 30 hrs of theory / 30 hrs of practical / 30 hrs of assignmentPrerequisites Basic knowledge of advanced mathematics

Time 1st year / 2nd semesterCourse material Lecture notesAssessmentmode

Quotation on sample problems, written +oral clarification, and on PCexercise (on water surface profiles) +quotation on reports (lab work andpipe network analysis with PC)


French, 1985. Open channel hydraulics. Mc Graw Hill. Simon, A.L., 1976. Practical hydraulics. J ohn Wiley & Sons, Inc. Chadwick and J . Morfett, 1998. Hydraulics in civil and environmental

engineering, Spon. Douglas, J .F. et al., 1995. Fluid Mechanics. Longman. Potter, M.C. and D.C. Wiggert, 1997; Mechanics of Fluids, Prentice

Hall. Street, R.L. et al, 1996. Elementary Fluid Mechanics, J . Wiley &

Sons, Inc. Shames, 1992. Mechanics of Fluids, McGraw Hill. Mott, R.L., 2000. Applied Fluid Mechanics, Prentice Hall. Chanson, H., 1999. The hydraulics of open channel flow, Arnold.


Learning objective:The aim of the course is to enable the students to analyze and design: (i) pipes and pipenetworks; (ii) open channels and open channel networks; and (iii) drainage canals.

Course/workshop description: Review of relevant hydraulics; Pipe flow: friction losses, local head losses; flow over weirs and through orifices; Pipe networks (branched and looped networks):

-H. Cross, Newton Raphson, linear method; and

- (Cost) optimization; Pump curves, water hammer, negative possible suction head; Steady flow in open prismatic channels:

- Concept of specific energy, uniform depth, critical depth;- Water surface profiles;- Upstream and downstream boundary conditions; and- Determination of water surface profiles;

Erosion and sedimentation criteria; and design of stable (unlined) canals.

Practical:The students are trained in: Measurement of pipe and orifice characteristics and experimental study of velocity

measurement devices;

Manual calculations (cfr. objectives); and Use of computer programmes for the design of:

- Pipe systems (incl. optimization); and- Open channels.


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Surface water hydrology

KUL-code I0746BECTS-credit 6Type Basic (compulsory) courseStudy load 165 hrsContact hours 30 hrs of theory / 30 hrs of practical / 30 hrs of assignmentPrerequisites Undergraduate level mathematics, physics, fluid dynamics


Examination: the content of the examination (open book; written withoral continuation) includes all the topics that have been discussed bythe lecturer and by the assistant (50%); individual reports of theexercises (50%).


Chow, V.T., 1988. Applied hydrology. Mc. Graw Hill (ISBN 0-07-010810-2).

Bauwens, W, 1996. Surface hydrology (Lecture notes and solvedexercises).


Learning objective:

The course provides the basic knowledge about the hydrologic cycle, the rainfall-runoffprocess and flood routing techniques. An introduction to hydrologic modelling is alsoprovided.

With this background, the students should be able to deal with the classical hydrologic designprocedures. Moreover, these basics should allow them to understand the concepts used inmore elaborate techniques and in integrated hydrologic models.

Course/workshop description: Water and sustainability; The hydrologic cycle, runoff mechanisms and water balances; Rainfall data for hydrologic design (IDF relations, aerial rainfall, design storms,); Rainfall losses (interception, storage, infiltration, lumped loss models); The runoff concentration (surface routing, linear systems, unit hydrograph, reservoir

models); Flood routing (hydraulic routing: equations of de Saint Venant; hydrologic river routing

and reservoir routing); and Introduction to hydrologic modelling (use, types, characteristics and examples).

Practical:A first series of exercises aims at the illustration of the course material through relativelysimple problems, using pocket calculators or spreadsheet software. The exercises relate tothe calculation of rainfall losses, the unit hydrograph, hydrologic routing and reservoir routing.

During the second part of the exercise sessions, the students will be trained on similarproblems; however, using real world hydrologic data and a software tool (WMS) that includeslumped hydrologic models and that uses GIS data for assessing the major basincharacteristics.


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Groundwater hydrology

KUL-code I0748BECTS-credit 6Type Basic (compulsory) courseStudy load 165 hrsContact hours 30 hrs of theory / 30 hrs of practical / 30 hrs of assignmentPrerequisites Hydraulics, hydrology and notions of geology

Time 1st year / 2nd semesterCourse material Course notesAssessmentmode

The exam is open book. The students are tested on their insight infundamental understanding of the theory and their ability to interpret andprocess information concerning groundwater occurrence and dynamics.The overall result is obtained as 1/2 on the exam, 1/3 on marks given forthe exercises, and 1/6 for the homework assignment.


A series of handbooks are available in the library.


Learning objective:The goal of this course is to give the student a fundamental understanding of the principles

and practical applications of groundwater occurrence and behaviour, such that the student willbe able to interpret observations in a correct way, calculate and predict groundwater amountsand movement, design groundwater abstraction installations, determine the groundwaterquality and possible pollution, and in general be able to manage groundwater in a safe andsustainable way. The theoretical principles of groundwater hydrology are thought in class bymeans of classical lectures, divided into 7 chapters covering the major subjects of the course,with emphasis on the fundamental physical and mathematical foundations. The practicalapplications consist of 7 exercise sessions corresponding to the different chapters of thecourse. The exercise are intended to reflect real world problems that students mightencounter in their later professional career, and which will enable to reflect on theapplicability, usefulness and reliability of the theoretical principles. The assignment isintended to bring students into contact with worldwide groundwater problems, practicalapplications and scientific developments, and to increase their awareness of groundwatervulnerability and sustainability in relation to human impact.

Course/workshop description: Fundamentals: groundwater and the hydrologic cycle, occurrence of underground water,

basic properties of ground bearing layers: porosity, water content, groundwater potential,flux and velocity, Darcy's law, measurement techniques for groundwater potential andconductivity;

Natural groundwater flow: hydro-geological classification of ground layers, aquifer types,groundwater flow systems, unsaturated zone, saturated groundwater flow and storage inartesian and phreatic aquifers and in aquitards, the hydraulic groundwater flow approachand the flow net theory;

Groundwater flow equations and useful solutions: mass balance equation, generalgroundwater flow equation in three dimensions and boundary conditions, hydrostatics,unsaturated flow, saturated flow and water table boundary conditions, the horizontal flowapproach, Dupuit equation;

Groundwater abstraction techniques: advantages of groundwater use, abstractiontechniques: wells and galleries, principles of well flow: drawdown, cone of depression,radius of influence, maximum and specific capacity, interference between wells andaquifer boundaries, design of well fields, safe yield and groundwater management;

Pumping test analysis: practical aspects of pumping tests, analysis of pumping test inconfined aquifers by the Theis and J acob method, analysis of pumping test in semi-confined aquifers by the Hantush method, analysis of pumping test in phreatic aquifers bythe Theis and Neuman method, analysis of pumping test in fractured rocks, analyses ofrecovery tests;


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Groundwater modelling: basics of finite difference techniques, finite difference solution foraquifer flow, basics of finite element techniques, finite element solution for aquifer flow,introduction to well known groundwater flow models; and

Groundwater chemistry: groundwater chemical constituents and main processes, oxygenstatus and organic matter decay in unsaturated and saturated groundwater layers,mineral dissolution and ion evolution cycle, groundwater isotopes, groundwater pollutionsources and major pollutants, measurement techniques and interpretation and

classification of water types, groundwater quality assessment and protection techniques.

Practical: Laboratory and fields measurement techniques: determination of porosity, water content,

density, hydraulic conductivity and permeability of soil samples, field measurementtechniques for determining hydraulic conductivity: interpretation of slug tests in augerholes and piezometers;

Flow net analyses using piezometric data and field reconnaissance for hydro-geologicalmapping and interpretation;

Analyses of groundwater flow and balance in confined and phreatic aquifers usingpiezometric readings and solutions of groundwater flow equations;

Analyses and interpretation of drawdown around pumping wells and influence of wellinterference, aquifer boundaries, and induced recharge by rivers;

Design of groundwater sustainable pumping wells and well fields;

Analyses of pumping test experiments: application of graphical techniques for the Theisand J acob methods, graphical interpretation technique for a recovery test; and Interpretation of groundwater chemical data: representation in Stiff and Piper diagrams,

classification of water types and identification of chemical evolution, estimates of pollutionspreading.

Assignment :Literature and internet search and review of a well known groundwater problem as forinstance the Woburn groundwater pollution case; the students are asked to prepare a termpaper of about 10 pages which will be graded.


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Water quality assessment, monitoring and treatment

KUL-code I0787BECTS-credit 6Type Basic (compulsory) courseStudy load 165 hrsContact hours 30 hrs of theory / 30 hrs of practical / 30 hrs of assignmentPrerequisites General courses on physics and chemistry

Time 1st year / 2nd semesterCourse material Lecture notes (based on a compilation of books and publications on the

subject)Assessmentmode

Oral examination (1/3) with presentation of a study report (2/3)


Various books and scientific publications either from the lecturer or fromEU-funded research projects, legislative texts.


The lecture notes should contain sufficient information to help thestudents for their assignments.

Learning objective:Water quality must be understood by the students primarily as an "indefinite" characteristic ofwater (vs. quantity which is definite). The many sources of pollution (of anthropogenic nature)and deterioration of water quality due to natural causes, and the unlimited water quality

variables, must be recognized in an integrated approach. This concerns the need forscreening and/or modelling tools, allowing for further detailed analysis if and when needed,e.g. with respect to treatment processes and regulation measures on the short- and long-term. The distinction between water quality standards linked to environmental considerationsand standards linked to water uses is being stressed in the light of existing water policiessuch as the EU Water Framework Directive which will be used as an example of legislationintegrating scientific and technological developments. Aspects of quality monitoring, includingmonitored parameters, measurement methods, and data quality assurance represent a keycomponent of water quality assessment and will be described and discussed. Case studiesconcerning various types of waters (freshwater, coastal waters, estuarine waters, groundwaters) will examine how the sources of pollution are being tackled and regulated. Theselection and use of computer models for water quality will be introduced and students shouldunderstand the limitations of such models. Finally, basics of water and wastewater treatmentprocesses and their limitations will be approached in the context of integrated river water

management requirements. Assignments aim at elaborating, through literature search, a moreadvanced study topic according to the interest of the student and his/her background(focusing in particular on integrated water resources management issues).

Invited lecturers will introduce topics of broad interest, such as economic or agriculturalaspects linked to water quality assessment, or the EU Water Initiative.

Course/workshop description:The course aims to provide an introduction to water quality assessment and integrated waterresources management (IWRM), including water treatment aspects. The following subjectswill be considered: Definition(s) of water quality; Types and sources of pollution; Physical/chemical and biological/bacteriological water characteristics and physico-

chemical processes; Integrated river basin management concepts; Introduction on the selection and use of computer models for river water quality. Water legislation; Risk assessment of anthropogenic pressures and impacts; Water quality monitoring; Water clean-up and treatment; and Water quality research trends.


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The course will be concluded by a lecture by a visiting professor, and preparation ofassignments. In addition, a short session will be devoted to communication tips in view ofpreparing the students workshop, and advice on scientific writing.

Practical:Sampling/measurement experience at K.U.Leuven.

Assignment :Students will have to write a report on a case study (about 10 pages) and present a shortPowerPoint presentation (10 min) on a chosen or assigned topic related to the course contentand based on a literature search, using a real case as an example. The presentations will beheld in the framework of a students workshop organised at the end of the course. Examplesof topics: pollution risk assessment, monitoring strategy, clean-up measures, IWRM instudents home country, drafting of research proposal, etc.


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Hydrological measurements and remote sensing

KUL-code I0Q59AECTS-credit 6Type WorkshopStudy load 180 hrsContact hours 120 hrsPrerequisites Basic knowledge of hydraulics


Quotation of the field and laboratory exercises report.


Herschy, R. W., 1984. Streamflow measurement. E&FN Spon. Herschy, R. W., 1987. Hydrometry. J ohn Wiley & Sons, Inc. Schultz, G. A. and E. T. Engman, eds., 2000. Remote sensing in

hydrology and water management. Springer Verlag.Additionalinformation

Part A of the workshop consists of 3 x 3 hours of theoretical introductionand 2 full day sessions of practical training: 1 day laboratorymeasurements and 1 day field exercises. Part B consists of lectures andcomputer sessions.

Learning objective:

The overall goal of this workshop is to familiarize students with different direct and indirectmeasurement methods and techniques for hydrometric, hydrological and geographical dataacquisition. As data is a first requirement for all matters, this workshop meets the fundamentallearning objectives of the programme. The workshop is therefore instrumental in support ofgeneral objectives of the programme such as: (1) the modelling of process and watersystems, (2) planning, budgeting and exploitation of water systems, (3) evaluation,optimization and management of water systems, and (4) impact analyses and decisionsupport systems. The objective of introducing different measurement techniques, includingremote observations, of surface, soil and groundwater conditions should equip the studentwith a set of measurement/analysis techniques, which can be applied to different waterresources problems. The practical learning objective at the end of the course is that he/sheindependently is able to select and set-up measurements for a water resources problem. Afurther objective of the course is the built-up of a framework of notions and understanding forthe student of the diverse field and remote sensing technologies and systems in order that

he/she will be able to communicate with experts in this field and can follow new trends inmeasurement techniques.

Course/workshop description:Part A: HydrometryThe aim of Part A is to get the students acquainted with different devices and techniques forflow, velocity, pressure, water level and sediment transport, measurements in pipes, openchannels, rivers and laboratory.

The following subjects are explained: (L =laboratory exercise; F =Field exercise) The need for data; Water-level determination (L & F):

- Importance - datum plane; and- Instruments for water-level determination (direct stage read off gauges, recording

limnimeters, pressure and ultrasonic devices). Water depth and bottom-level (mechanical and electronic devices, practical stage and

depth measurements) (F); Flow velocity measurement:

- Surface velocity (F);- Velocity in a single point (propeller type current meter (F), Pitot-tube (L),

electromagnetic current meter (L), hot wire/hot film anemometer, laser Doppleranemometer, acoustic - ultrasonic - velocity meter (L)); and

- Mean velocity (salt screen (Allan's method), floats, etc.) (F).


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Measuring discharges:- Single measurement [methods based on the measurement of volume and time (L&F),

volumetric and chemical methods (F), methods based on the measurement of themain velocity, methods based on the integration of the velocity field over the crosssection (F)];

- Continuous discharge measurements [gauging stations with limnimeters (L&F),ultrasonic methods, electromagnetic methods (L)]; and

-

Discharge measurements in laboratory (L). Sediment transport measurements:

- Bed load samplers (trap sampling, bed form tracking) (L&F);- Suspended load samplers (classification of sampler, point-integrating concentration

measurements (bottle and trap samplers, pump-samplers, optical and acousticalsampling methods), point-integrating discharge measurements, depth-integratingconcentration measurement) (L&F); and

- Computation of sediment transport and presentation of results (rivers, estuaries).

Part B: Remote sensing in water resources engineeringPart B intends to give the state of the art of earth observation techniques and imageprocessing methods, applied to water resources engineering problems. Students acquisitionof practical skills is promoted by computer exercises in remote sensing processing techniqueswith a remote sensing software package.

Introduction to remote sensing: physical principles of earth observation, energy sources,radiation principles, energy interactions, data acquisition and interpretation; Remote sensing scanning techniques: optical spectrum, multispectral, thermal, and

hyperspectral; Microwave remote sensing: physics, platforms, sensors, image processing and

interpretation; Present and future observation platforms, sensors and their characteristics; Digital image processing: rectification, restoration, enhancement, multi-image

manipulation; and Image classification and post processing: image interpretation, unsupervised, supervised

classification, accuracy analysis, data merging.

Case studies of practical remote sensing use in water resources engineering are presented.Future possibilities and impact of remote sensing techniques are discussed. P racticalintroduction and hands-on exercises are given with the IDRISI remote sensing analysispackage. Exercises include: Image exploration, Supervised classification, PrincipalComponents Analysis, and Unsupervised classification. The course includes an individualproject in remote sensing related to the background, field of interest of the student and/or thenext year thesis topic.


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11.2. Descri ption of the 2nd year courses

Systems approach to water management

KUL-code I0874AECTS-credit 5Type Advanced (compulsory) courseStudy load 150 hrs

Contact hours 30 hrs of theory / 30 hrs of practical / 30 hrs of assignmentPrerequisites Advanced mathematics for water engineering, statistics for waterengineering

Time 2nd year / 1st semesterCourse materialAssessmentmode

The assessment will be based on the evaluation of the individual reportsand on the presentation of the project results

Complementarystudy materialAdditionalinformation

Learning objective:This course aims to give general knowledge and understanding of generalized techniques

used in mathematical modelling to support the model calibration, the model validation, theparameter calibration, the model uncertainty and sensitivity analysis, etc. All modellingoriented optional courses of the 2nd year will make use of these techniques. Also adiscussion is given of different types of models and modelling procedures and on the linkingof various types of models in integrated water and river basin management. The course thusforms the technical glue between the different modelling courses.

A last block of techniques discussed are techniques for decision support on how modelresults can be processed, summarized and applied on the basis of various types of watermanagement decisions.

Course/workshop description: Different modelling approaches: detailed versus simplified modelling, physically-based

versus conceptual and empirical models;

Model type selection (incl. complementary use of detailed and simplified models, requiredspace and time scales, different modelling concepts); Linking of (sub)models at different complexity level; Numerical modelling: basic conservation equations, numerical techniques (refresher from

Advanced mathematics course in the 1st year), time and space discretisation, solutionschemes, stability, convergence;

Model parameter calibration, model validation; Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis, risk-based analysis and design; Use of model results for decision support: multi criteria analysis, cost-benefit analysis,

consideration of boundary conditions, etc.; The role of modelling in decision support systems: simulation strategies; Introduction to expert systems and genetic algorithms; Optimal control theory; and Basics of neural network modelling.

Practical:The exercises of the course are directly applied to the Integrated Projects (IPs) in the 2ndyear. Examples of exercises and links to the IP s are given hereafter: Model linking: applied in the Humid IP to link a hydrological catchment model, an urban

drainage system, a WWTP, and a river; Model calibration and validation: applied to all models considered in the IPs; Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis (Link with the Statistics for water engineering course

in the 1st year): applied in the Humid IP to the hydrological catchment model results; Risk-based analysis and design: applied in the Humid IP - based on the results of the

uncertainty analysis - to the probabilistic design of a dike;


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Optimal control: applied in the Humid IP to the optimization of hydraulic control and sizingand operation to detention storage (e.g. applied to hydraulic structures implementation inthe River modelling course, or storage sedimentation tank design in the Urban hydrologyand hydraulics course);

Optimal control: applied in the Semi-arid IP to the optimization of reservoir operation (e.g.multipurpose reservoirs, hydropower systems), incl. stochastic operating rules; and

Optimal control: applied in the Semi-arid IP to cropping patterns and intra-seasonal

allocation of supplemental irrigation.


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Social, political, inst itutional, economic and environmental aspects

KUL-code Integration of Social, political and institutional aspects of waterengineering (I0792a), Economic analysis of water resources projects(I0997a) & Environmental impact assessment (I0793a)

ECTS-credit 5Type Advanced (compulsory) courseStudy load 150 hrs

Contact hours 30 hrs of theory / 30 hrs of practical / 30 hrs of assignmentPrerequisitesTime 2nd year / 1st semesterCourse materialAssessmentmode

The assessment will be based on the evaluation of the individual reportsand on the presentation of the project results.


Gittinger, J . P., 1982. Economic Analysis of Agricultural Projects, 2ndEdition, EDI Series in Economic Development, The J ohns HopkinsUniversity Press, Baltimore.


The exercises of the course are directly applied to the IntegratedProjects (IPs) in the 2nd year

Learning objective:The course consists of 3 parts, respectively Part A: Social, political and institutional aspects;

Part B: Economic analysis of water resources projects; and Part C: Environmental impactassessment studies related to water resource projects.

The aim of Part A is to make the students better aware about the variety of problems andissues related to the social, political and institutional aspects of water resources developmentprojects and water resources management.

The objective of part B is to familiarize students with the economic and financial concepts andmethods in project evaluation. With the course, they will be able to do such an evaluationthemselves, except determining shadow prices of resources, which an economist must do.They will also be able to fully understand the results (criteria) of such project evaluation.

The aim of Part C is to learn the students: How to make an elementary environmental analysis of a project proposal, in order to

determine wether or not a more complete environmental evaluation is needed; In the case a more complete evaluation is needed, how to determine its scope and

contents in order to be able to give precise instructions to the specialists responsible forthe final EIA;

How to evaluate the general value, the correctness and the completeness of an EIA thathas been made by those specialists;

How to identify possible mitigating measures for reducing the negative environmentalimpacts of water resources projects; and

How to integrate the conclusions of an EIA in the final decisions about a project proposal.

Course/workshop description:Part A: Social, Political and Institutional Aspects of Water EngineeringPart A of the course starts with a general presentation of water engineering projects, showingvarious examples of water engineering and management (river, lake and reservoirs, worksand management in relation with droughts and floods, hydropower, agriculture, navigation,

etc). Preparation, TOR, funding and management of the projects will be discussed,emphasising the role of the different stakeholders, funding organisms and consultancycompanies. Notions of water engineering, water management, development projects willbe clarified, showing why and how projects are set up, on whos initiative. This part of thecourse is based on the lecturers experience in a large variety of water resources projects,showing how, why and when the approach to these aspects has succeeded or failed. It aimsat developing the consciousness of the students about the role of the various actors inrelation to water resources systems development and management. It also aims at showinghow politics - from international to the very local scale - may affect the so much neededsustainable, integrated water resources management, and the implementation of waterresources development projects. It should make the students aware of the social implications


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of water resources engineering projects, either the direct or the indirect ones, eventuallythrough an environmental impact. It is important for the student to realise that it is not possibleto dissociate the various aspects: social, political, socio-economic, and institutional.

In Part A of the course the following material is covered: Definitions: What is a water resource (WR)? How to define a WR system on which to

work/engineer (description, limits)? What do we call engineering, management,development? The accent is put on the way each society is having its own view, its own

approach, depending on the 3 factors: availability of water resources, of financialresources and awareness about the water issue;

Presentation by the lecturer and discussion of some results, conclusions andrecommendations by international organisations (Mar del Plata 1977, Rio de J aneiro1991, 1991 WMO-UNESCO report on Water Resources Assessment Activities, EU-SAST6 - 1992, etc.);

Presentation and discussion by the lecturer of case studies in Asia, Africa and SouthAmerica. These cover a large variety of situations, such as lakes, coastal areas, large andsmall rivers, master plan studies, floods and droughts, fluvial problems, waterdevelopment, irrigation schemes, conjunctive use projects, etc. Special attention is paid toaspects such as correct problem definition, setting up relevant Terms of Reference, multi-disciplinary approach. For this part, illustrations are given with slides, photographs andvideo, among which After the Floods (BBC Horizon); and

Each student will have to prepare a presentation of a project or a case study, preferably

one in which she/he was actively involved. Presentations are short (10 minutes), followedby a 5 minutes discussion and a confrontation within the group. A panel session isorganised at the end, if time allows. Sufficient time is allowed for the preparation of thestudents presentations.

Part B: Econo

Iupware Course Syllabus Corrected Version

Documents

Transcript of Iupware Course Syllabus Corrected Version