ITTO INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION … Completion... · timber and derivatives, and...

Non-Timber Production and Sustainable Development in Amazon

ITTO Project Non-Wood 2, PD 31/99 Rev.3 (I)

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ITTO INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION

UNIVERSITY OF BRASÍLIA CHEMISTRY INSTITUTE

LABORATORY OF CHEMICHAL TECHNOLOGY

FOUNDATION FOR STUDIES AND RESEARCH ON ADMINISTRATION AND DEVELOPMENT - FEPAD

FINAL REPORT

Brasilia, September, 2008

Project 31/99 Rev.3 (I) “Non-timber production and sustainable development in Amazon”



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A. Project identification

a) Title: Non-timber production and sustainable development in Amazon b) Serial Number: Project 31/99 Rev.3 (I) c) Executing Agency:

University of Brasilia – UnB, Laboratory of Chemical Technology, with the administrative support of FEPAD – Foundation for Studies and Research on Administration and Development.

d) Host Government(s): Brazil e) Starting Date: October 01st, 2002 f) Actual Duration: 71 months g) Actual Project Costs: 499,395.10

a. ITTO: US$ 387,185 b. Counterparts funds 1, University of Brasília: US$ 98,000 (in kind) c. Counterparts funds 2, FEPAD: US$ 14,210.10

PART I: Executive Summary 1. Background information about the project

The object of studies of PD 31/99 was the non-timber forest products - NTFP in the Brazilian Amazon and the possible links of this extractive way of production with sustainable development in the Region. There is a large number of products in that area and they are very diverse. The vegetation is formed by different kinds of biomes like the rain forest and the cerrado (or Brazilian savannah), and the ecothones as babaçu palm trees zones. Products such as açai fruit, brazil nuts, palm heart, rubber, medicinal plants, seeds and babaçu-nut oil are still widely consumed and traded.

There is, around 1 million people, distributed unequally all over the region, that live from the collection of non-timber forest products. Nowadays There is an understanding of the role of this considerable population in the protection of the forest, being as well important the maintenance of them as cultural richness, as they know much of the forest things utilization, or, in another words, they are live agents of the expansion of the biodiversity utilization and they kept the traditional knowledge of forest products employment. But there is a homogeneous thinking that nowadays society on these communities is not enough to assure them good conditions to survive. The ecological awareness supporting this thinking is presented in all government’s levels and could not offer them, so far, the way for the sustainable and worthy surveillance in the forest. Some Important reasons for that is the gap of organized knowledge in the area of social and economic data, the technical and scientific information scattering and the absence of sound NTFP technology in general. This project was concerned to the decrease of this gap. Market conditions, cultural community aspects and production financing are also of main concern, but are not direct part of the objectives of the present project. From the beginning of the 90s, it was started the constitution of a research group on non-timber forest products, having as strategy the development of a multidisciplinary work based on three dimensions: 1) the surveying of the socioeconomic data and putting them together for an ease way of consulting and the understanding of the production and trade dynamics; 2) the gathering of the technical and scientific information and organizing it in databases; and 3) the development and diffusion of technology for harvesting, processing and industrialization of those resources for their better and sustainable use. By that time, especially in the ITTO environment, the issue of NTFP was, by far, much less studied than the main concern of the Organization, timber and derivatives, and the research and studies on non-timber items were almost



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nonexistent. In a region like Amazon, those NTFP studies were very few compared to the amount and diversity of species, products and processes. By that time, the forest was considered very important for timber production. The awareness with the forest itself and, after that, with the forest communities, was to start only some years late. The present project PD 31/99 continued the research work on the Amazonian NTFP of the Executing Agency, the University of Brasília, following the activities of PD 143/91 Rev.2 (I), through the wide collection of socioeconomic information and technological knowledge of this now important category of products, and also the research work to develop NTFP technology.

The research team concluded in September, 1998, the first phase project “Non-Wood Tropical Forest Products: Processing, Collection and Trade”. The products presented during the 25th Council Session in November, 1998, in Yokohama, included an Executive Summary of the Technical Report, a socioeconomic study of Amazonian non-timber production, a CD containing the Non-Wood Data Bank, three documentary videos about non-timber products, and a short guide for medicinal plants recorded in a special store of Belém, the capital of Pará. It is important to highlight that during that project, it was developed the simple technology for rubber production, which was afterwards diffused to Amazonian rubber tapper families, being trained more than 420 families up to now, and a Government action is bringing this technology to hundreds of families in the State of Acre. In a shorted way, this project continued the first phase and had the mission to understand better the socioeconomic knowledge of NTFP, to enlarge and organize the technical and scientific information about them, and to develop and diffuse technologies for their better and increased sustainable production. This ITTO project second phase had an initial period of two years, but was executed over 5 years, for reasons that will be explained further in 4. Lessons Learned. The total ITTO funds were US$ 387,185, having Japan and Switzerland as donor countries. The Brazilian counterpart was US$ 112,21.10, most of them (US$ 98,000) in kind. The executing team was diverse, including chemistry professionals, forestry engineers, biologists and botanists. All together, more than 25 people were involved in some way in this project, during its execution.

The project objectives were: - Development Objective: Increase the socio-economic and technological knowledge of

non-timber production in the Amazon, and expand available technologies for their use on sustainable basis.

- Specific Objectives: Specific Objective 1: to increase and analyze the socio-economic and

technological knowledge of the non-timber production in Amazon. Specific Objective 2: to increase the non-timber species data basis and make it

available for a larger number of users. Specific Objective 3: to research and develop technologies for non-timber

production and spread them in Amazon. Three SCM – Steering Committee Meetings and project monitoring were held during

project implementation and the general comments by members on the work done were always positive. Besides that, during project execution, there were three finance auditing, one from an independent auditor and two from the General Union Controller (Controladoria Geral da União), which is the main Federal Government body for auditing, as it is rule for Brazilian projects with international fund being executed under official control (for instance, ITTO funds). All auditing reports concluded for the exactness and correctness of finance execution.



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2. Project Achievements

At the period of its implementation, there was a great quantity of work, which included long and deep bibliographic surveys, in the main Libraries of the NTFP subject, researches, field trips, laboratory work, video recording and one expedition to forestry communities by the Tapajós River in Pará, including the historical site where the seeds of Hevea trees were collected by Henry Wickham, in 1876. The EA was the first Brazilian team to get that place recorded. In that opportunity, there was the discovery of spirit bottles found by a rubber tapper in the local near the rubber trees, much likely to be linked to Wickham presence in that area. There was a second trip to the place, and more bottles were found. This matter is part of the historic video on Wickham and the hevea seeds, Product 1.6. There follows the titles of Project Specific Objectives and the list of Results under each of them. They are listed with their final names as consolidated during project execution and how they were presented to the third SCM, last April. Each Result is explained later on in the complete text. The covers and example pieces of each one of the results is ANNEXED to this Final Report. The complete set with 12 Products is being delivered in the format of a DVD. One hundred of this DVD will be delivered to ITTO for distribution to the member countries during the November ITTC Session. The complete products will also be available through the Non-Wood Project Website, in the Laboratory of Chemical Technology site, which is part of the University of Brasilia main gate.

2.1 Specific Objectives and Project Products a) Specific Objective 1: Socioeconomic and technologic survey, diagnosis and documentation 1. Product 1.1 Socioeconomic data bank of non-wood products of Amazon. 2. Product 1.2 Socioeconomic analyses of data bank 3. Product 1.3 Diagnosis of the extractivism in axes of analyses 4. Product 1.4 Six video documentaries on the non-timber production and the Amazonian culture 5. Product 1.5 Analysis and technological criticism: copaiba and babaçu 6. Product 1.6 Documentary about the gathering of Hevea seeds by Henry Wickham, in 1876 b) Specific Objective 2: To collect and diffuse scientific and technologic information of non-wood products of Amazon Forest. 7. Product 2.1 “Amazonian flora: 433 species for non-timber extractivism” 8. Product 2.2 “Amazonian plants for cosmetic production” c) Specific Objective 3: Research and develop technologies for non-timber production and diffuse them in the Amazon 9. Product 3.1.1 Manual of cosmetics 10. Product 3.1.2 Course of cosmetic 11. Product 3.2 Cumaru seeds extraction system 12. Product 3.3 Technical and economic viability study for rubber industrialization in Manaus

Most of the outputs mentioned on the list were planned in the original proposal, but a few

may be understood as a result of the execution process, changing the original dimension and



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scope, but always being kept under the specific objectives of the project proposal. These changes were normally discussed in the Steering Committee meetings (SCM) held during the project. The last one, held in April, 2008 made recommendations for the completion of the outputs in light that funds for execution of the activities were exhausted. The complete description of products change is discussed later on, in Part II, Main Text. The important aspect to record here is the understanding of the last SCM that the project results, although with changes from the original, were in good quantity and quality, reason why the project could be indicated for completion.

The biggest change was about the Output 2.1: the original proposal of a NTFP Databases with 600 species in form files, to be produced in Portuguese and English, changed to an Encyclopedia with 433 species in full text, in Portuguese. This was the biggest change, but, at the same time, was the greatest result at all, and something likely to become reference literature for everyone working with Amazonian NTFP and also for the normal, non specialized reader. Another product possibly to become source of continuous search by the ones working in the subject, is the set of 60 species for the cosmetic production, which was not in the original planning, but was thought to fulfill an important knowledge gap, which could be produced within the project environment without much effort.

2.2 Objectives attainment

The contribution to the achievements of the development objective is not normally measurable; it is a matter of understanding how the project results served to “Increase the socio-economic and technological knowledge of non-timber production in the Amazon, and expand available technologies for their use on sustainable basis”. With the list of twelve outputs produced, one can easily say that this general objective was obtained.

On the other hand, the attainment of the specific objectives (SO) is less subjective. They read:

- Specific Objective 1: to increase and analyze the socio-economic and technological knowledge of the non-timber production in Amazon.

- Specific Objective 2: to increase the non-timber species data basis and make it available for a larger number of users.

- Specific Objective 3: to research and develop technologies for non-timber production and spread them in Amazon.

Also in this case, considering the whole products set, one can say too that these objectives were attained. To cover the first SO, there is an inedited database for on line consultation on the historical series of socioeconomic NTF production, as surveyed by the main Statistics Federal body in Brazil, IBGE – Brazilian Institute for Geography and Statistics, and, more than the database diffusion, there is an analyses of that production. For the second SO, one original encyclopedia on the technical and scientific literature was produced. And for the third SO, there was the elaboration of a Course on cosmetic using Amazonian raw materials, that was run three times in Brasília and a Cosmetic Manual (in Portuguese) was produced.

2.3 Brief comparison between pre and post project execution

In terms of the executing agency team, the comparison between the pre project situation

and the post project condition, it can be said, that both are greatly different as well as very favorable and positive. The University of Brasília is nowadays one of the most important interlocutors about the debate of the Amazonian NTFP debate. Besides that, a theoretical model for the forestry extractivism was formulated during the project work, in connection with the



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diagnosis of this production way. This result was shown in various workshops and lectures on the subject.

In general terms, the public interested in the NTFP will highly benefit from the results of PD 31/99, mainly when the outputs become available through the Internet. Nowadays, the interest in the Amazonian NTFP is increasing fast and this seems to be a steady and continuous growth condition. Two main reasons are behind this trend: first, the ecological and social awareness respecting to the Amazonian rainforest protection linked to the strong belief that the forest communities are important to be saved, and, more than everything, in Amazon they are NTF producers, who need organized knowledge; secondly, one product coming from Amazon passes the idea of a “pure” (without impurities) organic and fair product, what favors the demands for them. When the project results, especially the Encyclopedia and the set of Amazonian Species for cosmetic production, be fully displayed through the Internet (today, they are under experimental condition) one can easily assume they will be very consulted, even being only in Portuguese. The technical text can be understood by the interested people. A table with Spanish and Portuguese common names and the respective botanical ones, which will be displayed with the Encyclopedia, will enlarge its utilization by Spanish users, what is quite important for the Amazonian basin Countries of Latin America. 3. Target Beneficiaries Involvement

The Project Document records as beneficiaries:

(i) Extractive societies and communities from the Amazon region that actually have little technical and market instruments to increase production and income;

(ii) Brazilian government agencies and international organizations will benefit from increased information on NTFP and natural resource management, allowing for further refinement of national and international policies and other measures to promote sustainability;

(iii) Regional economy will benefit from improvement of production processing, trade organization, profitability with the trade in NTFP; and

(iv) All those which are concerned with forest conservation will benefit from the demonstration that sustainable harvest of NTFP is technical and economically viable as demonstrated by the up-to-date project for rubber production in the Amazon region.

For that kind of project, there was no formal agreement with beneficiaries in PD 31/99 implementation. Also for the project nature it is not possible to know more precisely the beneficiaries gain, although it is likely to have a great advantage for all that need and use information on NTFP for research, public policies, marketing and so on. A more direct influence for beneficiaries can be seen as a result of one product, the Cosmetic Course, Product 3.1.2, which occurred at Brasília, in 2005, from October, 25 to 28. This course, in a special version, was announced through the media outside the University as an ITTO project output and attracted much attention, with demonstration of high interest. The course of 16 h in four nights had 51 persons following. One television broadcasting system in Brasília recorded a short bit of the course and made a notice on it for the dayly news. The course was also totally recorded in video by the project team.This same course in a simpler version was run two times more, one during the University of Brasília Extension Week, in October, 2006, and the second at Catholic University, also at Brasília, during the Chemistry Week, in June, 2007. For the people that attended these courses, as direct beneficiaries, the gain was more concrete and practical than the diffuse gain of an Encyclopedia. For instance, these courses and the knowledge acquired as a result of this ITTO project influenced at least, the creation of two small cosmetic



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industries as well as the improvement of production processes of various small industries which had representatives taking part in them. Naturally, the gain for those engaged in the cosmetic courses is much less in number of beneficiaries than the potential number of an Encyclopedia users, especially in the present world where something in the Internet can be searched and be available for a great number of users. 4. Lessons Learned Surely, a project like this, of six years duration, around US$ 500 thousand of budget, and a team of 24 people, cannot be executed without generating some general lessons which demand recording. 4.1 Development Lessons

The Executing Agency team should think on the project, during the design phase, as much as possible and the outputs, during the execution, should change as minimum as possible. This is much easier as much complete and constant is the group. In developing countries this is not an ease condition to find. So the group changes so normally change the products and project execution.

4.2 Operational Lessons

1. The project organization was well planned and adequate, but the management had difficulties in the execution due to the change of supporting administration unit. The one original of the proposal period could not act as such and had to be replaced by a Foundation which presented difficulties in the financing execution, in a situation which leaded to the project coordinator had to assume Foundation Administration to conclude the project in a good and satisfactory way. This condition brought difficulties in the project technical coordination.

2. The project documentation is as much complete as possible and the organization is also very adequate.

3. The project monitoring was adequate and three Steering Committee Meetings were realized. There could be more, but they were not determinant for the changes of the project structure results.

4. The definition of institutional roles was adequate and the work flow was permanent and in good volume of production.

5. There was a considerable difference of four years between the planned project period and the real execution. The reasons were the change in the outputs (as for instance, the databank changing to an Encyclopedia) and the difficulties in finding an adequate place to manage the finance of the project. A proper project planning from the beginning with stable team over the project period contributed to decrease the distance between project planning and execution.

6. The only external factor that influenced the project execution was not possible to be predicted. That was the impossibility of a assuring a good finance administration through the original planned institution, what made a structural course change in the project execution.

5. Recommendations



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During the project design phase, it can be said that if a project proposal has the best design and most complete structure as possible, this project has more chance to be better executed. Following this thinking, the project team should spend as much time as possible and needed to define the structure, taking into close consideration the objective conditions of the executing team and its stability over the period of project implementation.

Although keeping the multidisciplinary approach of the executing team, the present project could be more compact and proposing to conclude a lower number of products. For instance, two outputs expected from the project proposal, could be left out of the project proposal, and the project design would still have a good attraction to be financed. These two products are:

a) Pilot plant of cumaru seeds extraction system, to be operational in Santarém , Pará, what is a quite difficult task. The laboratory studies as they are being delivered as part of the project results are adequate results for a project like this. b) The technical and economical feasibility study of the rubber industrialization in the city of Manaus. Although this keeps one link with the project Non-Wood I (PD 143/91), it seems to be now a bit out of context in the present project.

Although under the present situation the EA has no condition to continue the project, it is interesting to record here the various possibilities it’s being thought for the improvement of the various products of this work. The executing team is active in the identification of possible funds for the complementation and furthering of a few of the outputs presented in this project. If this was done, it could expand the project benefits for a larger number of users, increasing the contribution to the specific objectives attainment. These possible improvements are listed below. Suggestion for further work:

1. To continue the writing of the Encyclopedia concluding the species to complete 500. The 80 which are missing were already selected, the bibliography material is searched, copied and prepared for the species text writing.

2. To translate the Encyclopedia to English. 3. To complete as possible the table with common names of the 500 species in Spanish and

include a column with the common names in English. 4. To organize a diffusion plan for the project results using all media as possible, starting

with the ITTO main gate. 5. To complete the writing of the book “Amazonian Plants for Cosmetic Production” and

publish it. The Annex included in this Final Report is the set of 60 species files with all information collected for them, which are the main chapter of the book to be published. There are other chapters which are already partially written but should be completed before publication. They were not included in the Report Annexes.

6. To improve the Cosmetics Manual and publish it. 7. To participate with the special historic video in documentary festivals and to see the

possibilities of diffusing this video in public TV system in Brazil. The quality allows for professional broadcast.

PART II. Main Text

6. Introduction Although the agreement between ITTO and the Government of Brazil for the

implementation of the present project was signed in 2001, and it is being reported as concluded in November, 2008, ITTC Session, its real period of activities can be considered from October 2002 to September 2007, or five years, instead of the 2 years originally planned. The period



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before October, 2002, was spent solving the question of the right institution to administrate the financial resources, as the University of Brasília presents difficulties on the execution, and in the period after September, 2007, too few activities were executed as the resources were spent out.

The project can be considered the most complete work on the Non-Timber Forest Products – NTFP produced in Brazil, bringing the Executing Agency, the University of Brasília, UnB, through its Laboratory of Chemical Technology, to a prominent position on the subject of the forest production extractivism, especially in the field of NTFP. The inedited products and outputs produced are the proof of this, as can be seen as follows.

The multidisciplinary work of the group, kept from the beginning, is showing to be a good strategy for adequate NTFP development of technology for the Amazonian Region, as can be concluded from the example of the rubber technology, which is nowadays being spread as a government policy in the State of Acre in the Amazon Region.

The project produced several outputs, diverse in several ways: subject, methodology of work, nature and scope of the approach. Nevertheless, the overall result is quite positive, and some of the products are likely to become sources of reference in the field of NTFP, as it is the case of the Encyclopedia, the socioeconomic database and the set of species for cosmetic production. Other products are for more specific studies as it is the case of the cumaru (Dypterix odorata) extraction system and the exercise on the diagnosis of the extractivism in 4 axes, which also constitute material for research continuity.

Just to establish the complexity of the NTFP subject as compared to the timber field, those products can be characterized as follows:

- the number of species is much higher: almost every tree species can produce something of human utility;

- the number of categories of tree products to be harvested is also much higher: fruits, seeds, resins, latex, barks, flowers, leafs, etc

- the way of harvesting is also more diverse: collecting from the trees or on ground, cutting incisions, tapping, digging a hole, etc;

- the product shapes are various: solids, liquids, powders, pastes and so on; - the collector also varies in: socioeconomic condition, age, way of working, isolated or

collective, etc. - the number of kinds of use is endless, from medicinal to fiber and many sub types of

utilization. This high diversity is also reflected in the spread of the bibliographic and data sources.

- Comparing the pre and the post-project situations for the Project team.

The pre-project condition, as far as the information of Amazonian NTFP is concerned,

can be considered no organized, which does not allow fast review and survey for information collection, characterizing a primitive situation for research and development. The two NTFP ITTO funded projects brought the University of Brasília to a good position in this area of knowledge, which is nowadays much more important than in the beginning of the 1990, when there was a world dominated by timber issues. In that way, the University, as the EA of these two projects, can be taken as pioneer in this work and has paid the charge of pioneering, but has as well the bonus of the condition. Today, the Non-Wood team keeps the greatest volume of immobilized knowledge gathered in surveys, as well as a consolidated practical experience in technology development and community extension. One theoretical model for the forestry extractivism was also proposed by this group as a way to better understand this important way of production. The rubber technology developed in the first Non-Wood Project, which in the last 8 years is being diffused to the Amazonian communities, contributed to the practical consolidated



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knowledge that is kept now by the Laboratory group, which is today a normal required presence in various debates in the field of NTFP, native rubber and Amazonian community’s production. One can say that in terms of concentration of theoretical and practical knowledge on the subject, the after-project situation is much more positive than original condition before the project. What means that the contribution to the development objective can be felled, although it cannot be measured, as normal for this kind of concept.

7. General considerations

- On the project design. The project structure conception follows the same structure of the previous ITTO project executed by the University of Brasília, PD 143/91 Rev.2 (I), linking three important dimensions of NTFP: the socioeconomic data; the scientific and technical knowledge; and the development and diffusion of technology. This was a lucky hit, and following this conception, the project structure was adequate for the proposition period and remained during the execution. There was no need to change specific objectives and all products were in line with them. The need of change was in the scope and deepness of some results and the inclusion of some outputs for the timing and opportunity of their realization. The Session 8, Project Results of this Final Report brings all the products and in what manner they were changed and some idea of the changes degree. - On the Outputs. Some project outputs, which were not in the original design, could possibly wait for another opportunity to be developed. This is the case of the diagnosis in 4 axes, which culminated with 2 axes only, as it is being delivered. This proposal can be more academic in its conception, but can be understood as a new approach for the extractivism analysis. As it was not possible to complete, it is only being presented here in two axes and may receive the attention from some academic researcher in the future. If this product could wait to be born, two other ones, not originally proposed as well, the historic video on Wickham and the specific study on flora for cosmetic production, could not be postponed, for the opportunity and timing of the group. The greatest changed product was the Species Data bank, which now can be called an encyclopedia. This is much more significant than the original product and more useful for a wider number of users, as the text is written in a way to allow non specialized consults. In the EA team opinion, this was needed. Naturally all the similar books existing at the moment were part of the supporting library to prepare this encyclopedia. - On the institutional arrangement. There was an institutional arrangement during the project proposal period that was discontinued after approval. It was arranged that very efficient managing body, known as the Unit of Projects Administration (UAP), linked to UNDP unity in Brasília, was to provide the managing support for the project. That would be a guarantee of smooth finance managerial, leaving the project team free for the technical work. The impossibility of executing this agreement, for reasons of government rules change, left the project without a house for the administration, in a situation that took longer than one year. The University provides a much rigid structure, so the way was to find a Foundation, normally used for University projects execution. One Foundation linked to the Administration Department of the University, (Fundação de Estudos e Pesquisas em Administração e Desenvolvimento - FEPAD) was the solution, what allowed for two years of peace for the technical coordination. After that period it was found out that funds were being used for activities not linked to the project, and by request of the University Rector, the project coordinator assumed the Foundation



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administration. This situation took three years and brought a considerable difficulty to conciliate with the project coordination. But the main reason, the recovery of project funds, was complete.

8. Project Results There follows the final list of Results, a brief description of each and the situation in comparison to the original proposal.

a) Specific Objective 1: Socio-economic and technologic survey, diagnosis and documentation (i) Product 1.1 Socioeconomic data bank of non-wood products of Amazon. This is a dynamic Database for on line consultation and is available at a temporary address: http://www.metropoledesign.com.br/unb/htms/index.html. In that site one can build tables and graphs for category and specific products, for regions and Amazonian States. The survey which gives bases to this data bank was the two IBGE periodic surveys: PEVS – The Vegetal Extractive and Silviculture Annual Research and the CA - Agriculture Census, and the International Trade Statistics of the Ministry of Development, Industry and Trade. The longest data base is the CA, with four decades of data. This Output did not change from the original proposal. This is possibly the only on line consultation system on NTFP in Brazil. (ii) Product 1.2 Socioeconomic analysis of data bank This is an interpretation of the series of NTFP, product by product, of the data surveyed under Product 1.2

(iii) Product 1.3 Diagnosis of the extractivism in axes of analysis This is a new proposal for the analysis of the extractivism way of production, in axes: economic, social, environmental and technological. This is rather an academic approach which seems to be very productive in terms of analysis and interpretation. It was not in the original proposal, and for the reason of the travel of the main researcher engaged with the project coordinator in the development of this formulation, this output has ended only with two axes, and will wait until new opportunity to be completed. (iv) Product 1.4 Six video documentaries on the non-timber production and the Amazonian culture The six videos produced under this Output are on the following topics: açai (Eutherpes oleracea), copaiba (Copiafera ssp), buriti (Mauritia flexuosa), rubber, the artist Dica Frazão and the general Panis et Amazonensis. The bulk of the video recording was made during the travel of part of the executing team to Belém, Santarém and Manaus, including a boat trip on the Tapajós River, to various forest communities and the Village of Boim, where the 70,000 seeds of rubber tree were collected by Henry Wickham, in 1876, to be planted in Southeast Asia, what changed the course of the rubber history. The videos have about 4 to 6 minutes each. The video director and editor is a chemistry professional and MSc in Chemical Education.



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(v) Product 1.5 Analysis and technological criticism: copaiba and babaçu This is a proposal of revising a production chain through the prism of technological criticism, specifying what could be improved. This project output includes two important NTFP, the first is the copaiba oil (Copiafera ssp), and the second is the babaçu (Orbignia spp) coconut production chain, showing the points where these socially important product could have more research studies and some possible technological solutions. (vi) Product 1.6 Documentary about the gathering of Hevea seeds by Henry Wickham, in 1876 This could be pointed as one of the main bio material robbery, if not the first big one, leading to the domestication of the Hevea tree in the Ceylon and others, after a short passage by Kew Gardens in London. During the documentation trip to Boim, where those seeds were collected, the project coordinator came across to six gin spirit bottles, found by a rubber tapper hunting near the hevea tree believed to be the mother tree for the historical seeds. As these bottles are from the 1800s, there is a possibility that they are linked to the presence of Wickham in the area. This video has duration of 38 minutes. b) Specific Objective 2: To collect and organize the scientific and technologic information of non-wood products of Amazon Forest. (vii) Product 2.1 “Amazonian flora: 433 species for non-timber extractivism” This is the main output of the Project and considerable effort was spent on it, from the first to the last moment of Project execution. This is one of the most important reviews of the genera for Amazonian NTFP for its considerable length, including 433 species. This was also the biggest product change from the original planning. The first proposal was to improve a database in CD form, with the species being presented in fixed files, what cannot be compared to the output that is being delivered as the main project output. The fluent text is original and normally based in bibliographic articles, collected in the most important libraries for the NTFP matter, in 5 cities in Brazil. One example, annexed to this Final Report has 16 pages of text, tables and bibliographic references. (viii) Product 2.2 “Amazonian plants for cosmetic production: This Product was not included in the original proposal. The idea of preparing it came from the great quantity of material that was collected to prepare the Encyclopedia and could be used for specific uses reviews, like the first one, directed to Cosmetics. Others potential uses, for this kind of specific use review could be: medicinal plants, fibers, animal feeding and others. This trend can continue as far as there are funds for that. This output will be frequently consulted by the access of the website. It was intended to be finalized as a book, and the 60 species presented as this Product are include in the main and final chapter of the book. Some others chapters are already written, but could not be presented as a complete work, because of others parts of chapters which are not complete. c) Specific Objective 3: Research and develop technologies for non-timber production and diffuse them in the Amazon



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(ix) Product 3.1.1 Manual of cosmetics This Product was planned since the beginning, and is the basis for the course on cosmetic using Amazonian products. It can be published as it is or could be improved to become a basic manual for beginners in this area. (x) Product 3.1.2 Course of cosmetic This course was delivered three times in Brasília. The first one, announced on the newspaper, had a great number of registered people to join the course. People in touch with industries and small producers, like specialized pharmacies came to do course. The delivering of the course was also innovative. A video camera was used to transmit the cosmetic preparations to a screen allowing everyone following the practical classes on the big screen. This output was in the original project but the execution should be in Belem, Pará State, what was not possible. (xi) Product 3.2 Cumaru seeds extraction system This Product was in the original planning as a pilot plant to be installed in Santarém, Pará State. The project team concluded the laboratory works for the extraction of the cumaru seeds, what was quite significant and a report on it is presented within the Products set. In this laboratory phase it was found out a trend in natural products to leave coumarin out of formulations for its possible blood hemorrhagic characteristics. Although this was not a confirmed trend, the information made the executing team to direct the work for laboratory studies. (xii) Product 3.3 A technical and economic viability study for rubber industrialization in Manaus This product was also in the original proposal and could be considered a bit out of focus of the project as was realized during execution. The inclusion of this part in the project meant a link to the first phase project, PD 143/91, but could be out of the initial proposition and the project would still have its attractiveness. Even though, it is an interesting ready output for the ones interested in industrial projects of small scale to be set up in Manus city and could encourages investors to be interested in the industrialization at the Amazon of the rubber produced in the TECBOR project.

9. Synthesis of the Analysis

(a) Specific Objective(s) Achievement Realized

Partly Realized Unrealized

(b) Outputs Realized

Partly Realized Unrealized

(c) Schedule

In advance/on time Delayed, not seriously

Seriously delayed



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(d) Actual Expenditures - not applicable

Below planned > 10% above planned > 20% above planned

(e) Potential for replication - not applicable

No potential. Modest potential Significant potential

(f) Potential for scaling-up - not applicable

No potential. Modest potential Significant potential

PART III: Conclusions and Recommendations

The results of this PD 31/99 are being delivered to ITTO in digital form as final outputs of this PD 31/99 Rev. 3 (I) and some of them possibly will constitute important reference material for researchers and users, as it is the case of the encyclopedia of NTF production with 420 species, as well as the deep survey required in its preparation and the inedited text for each species.

Although the overall balance is positive, it should be made clear all the positive aspects and, also, the negative ones, to make the analysis of the lessons learned, as a contribution for future works. In this Section it is being made an effort to provide a general appreciation of the project implementation and specific comments in each of the products.

The main global advantage of the project was to keep the general structure of PD 143/91 Rev. 2 (I), “Non-Wood Tropical Forest Products: Processing, Collection and Trade”, also referred here as the NON-WOOD 1 Project, or a multidisciplinary approach for the subject, dividing in three main segments, represented by the three specific objectives. Or in other words:

‐ The socioeconomic survey: to understand the products, the dynamics of production and the trade chain;

‐ The bibliographic survey: to recollect and organize the wide scientific and technical knowledge of NTFP of a considerable number of species;

‐ The development of technology: for NTFP production, primary processing and industrialization.

The benefits of this integration in only one technological research laboratory are the technologies developed that are much more adapted and prepared to improve changes on the native forest way to extract and collect those products. It is also related to the general structure of PD 143/91, the main shortcoming of the project: the executing team did not know properly how to keep strict control of the products enlargement. Some products were proposed during the execution of the project and to some products the project team suggested a structural transformation. Some of these changes were done and changed the scope and the steam of the project results, as an example there is Species Databases that was changed to an Encyclopedia of NTFP, as the final product. Nevertheless there is the awareness of using the opportunity of



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having a team, with earnings from the project, to produce more and more products. This was the case, of Product number 3, above, “A diagnosis of the native forest extractivism in four axis of analysis”. Although its importance in its own, as an experimental way of analysis and a new proposal of theoretical approach, inexistent until now, this could wait a new opportunity to be produced. The main reason for the delay was, by far, the transformation of the NTFP databases into an Encyclopedia. There is no doubt about the unequivocally importance and the role of knowledge spreading that this publication will play in Brazil, through the project website, to be definitively open for the public until the end of 2008. Nowadays it is open under experimental conditions. The final product is not the databases proposed in the beginning proposal; the databases should have 600 species, in Portuguese and English and it would be only in the shape of form or files. In the final version of the Encyclopedia, there are 420 species, the text is in Portuguese, but as one reads it, it is just as the same as reading a book because of its fluent text. The final output was so much better, that the Steering Committee Meeting, held April, 2008, decided unanimously to accept the product as it is, by understanding that it will be more usefull and also will have an unique role that would not be possible to have in the original output.

It is very important to record in this Final Report the fact that the team that was managing the Foundation FEPAD between 2002 and 2004 was misusing the project funds, different from the project activities. By June, 2004, the Rector of the University of Brasilia asked the Project Coordinator to take the charge of that Foundation to receive other projects from the University and from the community out of the academic world. This was a way of recovering the project funds and also adding some more to the project activities. That fact engendered some kind of influence effect that was not expected the time to coordinate the project was reduced, and almost hindered the quality of the output. The period of FEPAD management extended from July, 2004 to July, 2007, three years. In this period, was possible to recover administratively the Foundation, but the project execution was severely affected for absence of the coordinator There follows some lessons that could be recorded for the orientation of future work from the same executing agency or other agencies.

a) Development Lessons; ‐ The development objective was adequate and the NTFP is a wide area that

should receive more projects. ‐ The multidisciplinary and integrated work in the three dimensions:

socioeconomic data, bibliographic data and the development of technology is productive and could be better explored by other groups.

‐ The development countries still have some difficulties to manage projects, therefore avoiding better technical activities.

‐ The project design should be as much as possible fully developed in the project proposal stage. This is not a full strict orientation as arrangements could be beneficial to the project implementation.

b) Operational Lessons; ‐ A closer following of the planned activities is much beneficial and should be

better employed by project executing agencies. ‐ The SCM could request the comparison between planned and executed

activities. ‐ A strict control of the project expenditures is an obligatory condition in any

case.

c) Recommendations for future Projects, regarding:



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Identification: projects on Amazonian NTFP are much welcome. The follow up of the present project, improving the results is not a difficult task, even for a different agency to continue the work.

Design: the design can consider a multidisciplinary work. It seems to be more useful and beneficial for the development of concrete technology development.

Implementation: the implementation should be as much as focused as possible, following the activities planned.

Organization: the technical activity is much more pleasure giving than the organization activities, but this should receive more attention from the executing team.

Management: to keep close correlation between expenses and activity execution within and under project planning.

Responsible for the Report Name: Floriano Pastore Jr. , Project Coordinator Position held: Project Coordinator during the whole project implementation, from October, 2002 to September, 2007. Date: Brasília, 04th September, 2008 There follows the table with all people engaged in the project, in as a whole Nº Name Type of contract Engagement date Specific

Objective 01 Alexandre Bandeira de Faria G2 / part time December/2002 OE 3 02 Aline Braga Lakiss Gusmão E3 / part time August/2004 OE 3 03 Andrea Camila Petry E4 / part time August/2004 OE 2 04 Artur Orelli Paiva E3 / part time August/2004 OE 2 05 Carla Azevedo dos Santos E4 / part time August/2004 OE 206 Cláudia da Veiga Jardim G2 / part time August / 2005 -07 Clarice Dourado Guerra E3 / part time August/2004 OE 2 08 Daiana Denis M. Marcelino Full time February/2004 - 09 Elisa Suganuma G2 / full time August/2004 OE 2 10 Èric Costa Fernandes G1 / full time December / 2002 OE 2 11 Fernanda Helena Leite G2 / part time July / 2004 OE 212 Graciema Rangel Pinagé E6 / part time December / 2002 OE 213 Ione Nunes Cornelio Rêgo G5 / part time July / 2004 OE 2 14 Luciano Tahan C. T. de Resende part time May / 2003 - 15 Maria Clara Roriz Haag G1 / full time December / 2002 OE 3 16 Mary Naves da Silva Rios M2 / full time December / 2002 OE 2 17 Natália Maria Soares Rocha G1 / full time March / 2005 OE 218 Peterson Gustavo Paim G4 / part time February / 2003 OE 119 Rafael Illenser G1 / full time January / 2004 OE 2 20 Rosângela Martines Echeverria G2 / part time July / 2004 OE 2 21 Thaise Raquel Sarmento G1 / full time February 2003 OE 1 22 Vanda de Souza Ferreira FS8 / part time July / 2004 - 23 Vanessa Fernandes de Araújo E7 / full time February/2004 OE 2 24 Vinicius Guimarães de Andrade E6 / full time August/2004 OE 2

E = Student; G = Graduated; M = Master; numbers after these letters refer to the level of classification

DEAR FOLOWS THE COVER PAGES OF THE TWELVE PRODUCTS



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ITTO International Tropical Timber Organization

University of Brasilia - UnB

Institute of Chemistry Laboratory of Chemical Technology – LATEQ Foundation for Studies and Research in Administration and

Development – FEPAD, a foundation in support of UnB

Project ITTO PD 31/99 Rev.3 (I) “Non-Timber Forest Production and Sustainable Development in

Amazon”

Specific Objective No. 1, Result 1.1

Socioeconomic Data Bank of non-wood products of Amazon http://www.metropoledesign.com.br/unb/htms/index.html

Authors: Thaise R. Sarmento

Dimas Vital Sabioni Resck



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Amazon”


Data bank analysis

Authors: Thaise R. Sarmento

Dimas Vital Sabioni Resck



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Amazon”


Diagnosis of the extractivism in axes of analysis

Authors:

Thaise Rachel Sarmento Floriano Pastore Jr.



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Amazon”


Six video documentaries on the non-timber production and the Amazonian culture

Director: Péterson Gustavo Paim



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Amazon”


Analysis and technological criticism: Copaiba (Part I) and Babaçu (Part II)

Authors:

Part I: Fernanda Helena Ferreira Leite e Floriano Pastore Júnior Part II: Viviane Evangelista dos Santos e Floriano Pastore Júnior



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Amazon”


Documentary about the gathering of Hevea seeds by Henry Wickham, in 1876

Director: Péterson Gustavo Paim



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Amazon”


Amazonian Flora: 433 species for non-timber extractivism

Authors:

Mary Naves da Silva Rios Carla Azevedo dos Santos Cláudia da Veiga Jardim

Artur Orelli Paiva Graciema Rangel Pinagé

Natália Maria Soares Rocha Elisa Suganuma

Floriano Pastore Jr Rafael Illenser



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Amazon”


Amazonian Plants for Cosmetic Production

Authors: Vanessa Fernandes de Araújo

Andrea Camila Petry Rosângela Martinez Echeverria

Eric Costa Fernandes Floriano Pastore Jr.



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Amazon”

Specific Objective No. 3, Result 3.1.1

Manual of Cosmetics

Authors: Maria Clara Roriz Haag

Floriano Pastore Jr. Alexandre Bandeira de Faria



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Amazon”

Specific Objective No. 3, Result 3.1.2

Course of Cosmetic

Authors: Maria Clara Roriz Haag

Floriano Pastore Jr. Alexandre Bandeira de Faria



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Amazon”


Cumaru seeds extraction system

Authors: Vanessa Fernandes de Araújo

Rosângela M. Echeverria Floriano Pastore Jr.



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Amazon”


A technical and economic viability study for rubber industrialization in Manaus, AM.

- Preliminary –

Authors: Floriano Pastore Jr. Nilso José Pierozan

ITTO INTERNATIONAL TROPICAL TIMBER ORGANIZATION … Completion... · timber and derivatives, and...

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