ITS WC 2005 Presentation_Policy Cycle_FINAL
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Transcript of ITS WC 2005 Presentation_Policy Cycle_FINAL
ITS World Congress PresentationSan Francisco, California, USA
07 November 2005
David E. Pickeral, JD
Addressing the Policy Cycle—Educating legislators and decisionmakers about ITS
1
Summary
�The Technology Policy Cycle
�Analysis Phase
�Consensus Phase
�Implementation Phase
2
Transportation Policy—The Last Few Thousand Years
A series of straight lines . . .
3
Transportation Policy—The Next Millennium
4
Analysis—What is Needed, What is Possible?
�Activities include user needs assessment, preliminary academic study, and
baseline engineering research—or further developments on data derived
from prior-generation operating systems (the previous “cycle”)
�Standards development bodies are often contemplated or initially convened
�Two-way communications are particularly critical to understand stakeholder
needs
�Education helps propel the decisionmaking process toward achieving—
– Lowest cost
– Greatest immediate impact
– Farthest-reaching effects
5
Consensus—Passing the “Gatekeeper”
�Typically, this is the phase in which
decisionmakers are asked to commit substantial resources toward development
�Many technology applications will fall by the wayside before ever becoming viable
�Stakeholder buy-in must occur in this phase if actual work is to begin
– Which technology to use
– What services are a priority
– What is the “best of breed” solution
– How will government, industry, and public priorities best be served
�The nature and function of the technology is substantially defined but a decision is required
�Education efforts must support that decision by helping decisionmakers to determine—
– Value proposition to industry
– Public benefit
– Return on investment for all parties
6
Implementation—Hitting the Road
�Projects become products
�Attempts to influence the actual deployment
decisions for a particular technology are largely
futile
– Public and/or private resources have been committed for the long term
– Actual system construction and equipment deployment is under way
�The cycle is completed and begun again
– Best practices and lessons should be documented
– These feed the next round of development
8
Analysis Case History—Understanding Urban Versus Rural Considerations
How to choose the best provider
Limited spectrum
High capacity requirements
High noise floor, interference, and multipath
Issue
Urban
Cost and reliability
More spectrum planning required (frequency reuse); may limit applications
May impact deployment—more complex roadside devices
Poorer propagation will limit range; RF studies will be important
Impact
Backbone
Spectrum
Capacity
Propagation
Parameter
May limit deployment, increase costs, and limit network connections. Low power needed with solar energy
Minimal infrastructure available
Minimal spectrum planningSome spectrum overlap only
Minimal impact on deployment—simpler roadside devices
N/A
May need to conduct RF studies where obvious interference sources exist
Natural interference sources only
ImpactIssue
Rural
9
�Economic and business factors affect decisions with standards very early in the process and continue throughout the
lifecycle
�Performance, cost, and time-to-implement tradeoffs are inevitable.
�Process begins with a need based on business and economic drivers
�Adjustments made to standards to—
– Ensure fair and full competition
– Balance COTS-based solutions with customized specifications
– Focus on performance-based language
– React to business and economic factors as they arise
Analysis Case History—Economic Business Factors
Planning
Establish StandardsCommittee andWorking Group
SpecificationDevelopment
Test andVerification
PrototypesModeling and
Simulation
RQMTAnalysisConcept of Operation
SpecificationAdoption Economic
Business
Factors
10
• Capital and operating costs
• Region-specific benefits
• Potential for incremental or
phased deployment
• Security, failure modes, liability issues
• Maintainability and reliability of
equipment
• Backward compatibility…and flexibility
for accommodating future changes
State and Local Transportation Agency Concerns
Federal-Level Concerns
• State DOT organizational
structure and decisionmaking
processes
• Supporting IT systems
• Existing wireline and landline
infrastructure
• Existing traffic control processes and
sophistication
Analysis Case History—Understanding Government Stakeholder Priorities