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Transcript of Items to be covered in this presentation The Afrobarometer, Sampling Country’s economic and living...
Items to be covered in this presentation
The Afrobarometer, Sampling Country’s economic and living conditions; Reforms Poverty; Peace and Security Freedom and Rights; Collective action; Formal/Informal
contacting Attitudes towards democracy; Legitimacy/Institutional trust Constitution making; Corruption and victimization Government performance Statutory payments Perceptions on external assistance
The Afrobarometer A comparative series of national public attitude surveys on
democracy, markets and civil society in Africa
Round 1 (mid-1999 to mid 2001) in 12 “reforming” African countries in West Africa: Ghana, Mali, Nigeria in East Africa: Uganda and Tanzania in Southern Africa: Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia,
South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe Round 2 (mid 2002-late 2003) repeats original 12
plus Cape Verde, Kenya, Mozambique, and Senegal Round 3 (2005/2006) repeats original 16 – plus Benin and
Madagascar
Round 4 (2008/2009) repeats 18 – plus Liberia and Burkina Faso
AFROBAROMETER NETWORK
Three Core PartnersInstitute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA)Center for Democratic Development (CDD-Ghana)Michigan State University (MSU)
16 National Partners (NGOs, Public/Private institutions)Other Research Associates and Support Units
SAMPLINGRandom sample of 1,200 Zambian citizens (18 or older)Sample stratified by Province, urban/rural according to the CSO
2008 population projection of citizens aged 18 years and aboveMultistage random sampling
Random selection of 150 Enumeration Areas (EAs)Random selection of households in Enumeration Area using a
randomly selected starting pointRandom selection of respondentsEight interviews per Enumeration Area50/50 gender quotaMargin of error >> +/- 3 percentage points (2.8%) at 95%
confidence level.
How Can Sample Surveys Represent Whole Publics?
Think of when you are making a pot of soup:After a few spoonful you have a very good estimate
of what the whole pot tastes likeThe 4th, 5thor 6th spoonfuls won’t improve your
estimate very muchIf you double, or triple the size of the pot, you still
only need 2 or 3 spoonfulsThe SAMPLE SIZE and its design is what
matters, not the population size!
ZAMBIA SAMPLE BY PROVINCE
0
4
8
12
16
10
17
13
7
1513
6
12
8
PROVINCE
ZAMBIA SAMPLE BY LOCATION
URBAN RURAL0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
37
63
LOCATION
COUNTRY’S ECONOMIC AND LIVING CONDITIONS
In general how would you describe the present economic conditions of this country/your own living conditions?
Economic conditions Living conditions0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
21
32
72
58
Fairly good/very good Fairly bad/very bad
DESCRIPTION OF ECONOMIC CONDITIONS – BY LOCATION
URBAN RURAL0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80 7570
1823
Very/Fairly bad Fairly/Very good
DESCRIPTION OF LIVING CONDITIONS – BY LOCATION
URBAN RURAL0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
53
62
3431
Very/Fairly bad Fairly/Very good
ECONOMIC AND LIVING CONDITIONS
Living cond. vs others
Econ. Cond. 12 m
ago
Living cond. 12 m
ago
Econ. Cond. In 12
m
Living cond. In 12
m
05
101520253035404550
27
37 3530
37
44
3630
34
24
Better/much better Worse/much worse
In general, how would you describe the present economic conditions of this country?
1999 2003 2005 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
19
32
19 21
74
62 6572
Fairly good/very good Fairly bad/very bad
In general, how would you describe your own present living conditions?
2003 2005 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
3326
32
5852
58
Fairly good/very good Fairly bad/very bad
ECONOMIC AND INSTITUTIONAL REFORMS
Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: The costs of reforming the economy are too high; the government should therefore abandon its current economic policies. 2: In order for the economy to get better in the future, it is necessary for us to accept some hardship now.
2003 2005 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
39
32
4850 50
41
Costs too high - Abandon Accepts hardships
Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: The government’s economic policies have helped most people; only a few have suffered. 2: The government’s economic policies have hurt most people and only benefited a few.
2003 2005 20090
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
2415 16
7382 81
Helped most Hurt most
ECONOMIC REFORMS HAVE HELPED/HURT MOST – BY LOCATION
URBAN RURAL0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
1218
86
56
HELPED MOST HURT MOST
Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: It is better to have free schooling for our children, even if the quality of education is low. 2: It is better to raise educational standards, even if we have to pay school fees.
Series10
10
20
30
40
50
60
37
55
8
Free schooling Pay school fees Agree with neither
Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: It is better to have goods in the market, even if the prices are high. 2: It is better to have low prices, even if there are shortages of goods.
Series10
10
20
30
40
50
6051
29
17
High prices/Availble goods Low prices/shortagesAgree with neither
AVAILABLE GOODS/HIGH PRICES VS LOW PRICES/SHORTAGES – RURAL/URBAN
URBAN RURAL0
10
20
30
40
50
60 5549
25
32
Available goods/high prices Low prices/shortages
Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: It is better for private traders to handle agricultural marketing, even if some farmers get left out. 2: It is better for government to buy and sell crops, even if some farmers are served late.
Series10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
21
59
13
Private traders Government Agree with neither
Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: All civil servants should keep their jobs, even if paying their salaries is costly to the country. 2: The government cannot afford so many public employees and should lay some of them off.
Series10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
8070
17
5
Civil servants keep jobs Lay off someAgree with neither
Which of the following statements is closest to your view? 1: The government should retain ownership of its factories, businesses and farms.2: It is better for government to sell its businesses to private companies and individuals.
Series10
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
9078
16
3
Retain ownership Sell to private companiesAgree with neither
In your opinion, what are the most important problems facing this country that government should address?
Health
Farm
ing/
Agric
ultu
re
Educ
atio
n
Unem
ploy
men
t
Pove
rty/d
estit
utio
n
Infra
stru
ctur
e/ro
ads
Food
sho
rtage
/fam
ine
Wat
er sup
ply
Mgt
. of t
he e
cono
my
0
10
20
30
40 39 3631 28 27
21 18 15 13
MOST IMPORTANT PROBLEMS