Item-level linking & OpenURL: the perspective of a database provider

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Item-level linking & OpenURL:

the perspective of a database provider

ACRL Information Technology

Interest Group, March 11, 2003

Oliver PeschChief ArchitectEBSCO Publishing

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Part 1Item-level linking

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Overview Definitions The problem Static versus dynamic links Article matching Calculating links Rights checking and context

sensitivity

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Definitions Item-level linking

Providing links from a cited item to services or information relevant to that item

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Sample search result without links

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Sample search result with links

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Facts and Figures EBSCOhost

50 full text databases• 120 million records• 90 million reference records

50+ secondary databases• 100 million records• 3 million references

Over 300 million possible link points

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Static Links Links embedded in the data Human or machine assisted

matching required

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Static Links -- shortcomings Difficult to manage and maintain Not practical for large scale

application Problematic when multiple

resolution Lacks context sensitivity

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Dynamic link generation Discover links on-the-fly Use item’s metadata as basis of the

link Control presentation based on the

item and knowledge of the user

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Two common techniques Matching against a knowledgebase

of known article links Calculating links based templates or

rules

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Matching articles EBSCO SmartLinks uses a

technology called Article Matcher/Rights Checker Knowledgebase of over 16 million

article locations from 12,000 journals Intelligent matching engine Rights checking against a customer’s

database and e-journal subscriptions

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Calculating links Using a template or set of rules to

construct a link Data elements from source record

used in the link Links to much more than just full

text

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Calculating links E-Journal content OPACs and A-Z lists ILL and Document Delivery Citation indexes Web search engines Link resolvers

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Author: Narayanan, RangaTitle: Insider Trading and the Voluntary Disclosure of Information by FirmsJournal: Journal of Banking and FinanceISSN: 0378-4266Date: 2000-03Volume: 24Issue: 3Page: 395


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“Check library catalog” (Innovative interfaces)

http://explore.lib.univ.edu/search/I/?SEARCH={ISSN}


http://explore.lib.univ.edu/search/I/?SEARCH={ISSN}


http://explore.lib.univ.edu/search/I/?SEARCH=0378-4266


http://explore.lib.univ.edu/search/I/?SEARCH=0378-4266



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“Request ILL through ILLIAD”

http://server:port/OpenURL/OpenURL?genre=article &ISSN={ISSN}&title={JOURNAL}&aulast={AUTHOR}&atitle={TITLE}&volume={VOLUME}&issue={ISSUE}&startPage={PAGE}&SID=EBSCO:{dbCode}


http://server:port/OpenURL/OpenURL?genre=article &ISSN={ISSN}&title={JOURNAL}&aulast={AUTHOR}&atitle={TITLE}&volume={VOLUME}&issue={ISSUE}&startPage={PAGE}&SID=EBSCO:{dbCode}


http://server:port/OpenURL/OpenURL?genre=article &ISSN=0378-4266&title=Journal of Banking and Finance &aulast=Narayanan&atitle=Insider Trading… &volume=24&issue=3&startPage=395 &SID=EBSCO:Econlit


http://server:port/OpenURL/OpenURL?genre=article &ISSN=0378-4266&title=Journal of Banking and Finance &aulast=Narayanan&atitle=Insider Trading… &volume=24&issue=3&startPage=395 &SID=EBSCO:Econlit



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“More information on this journal”

http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=ser& &bquery=jn+”{JOURNAL}”


http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=ser& &bquery=jn+”{JOURNAL}”


http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=ser& &bquery=jn+”Journal of Banking and Finance”


http://search.epnet.com/direct.asp?db=ser& &bquery=jn+”Journal of Banking and Finance”



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“Search Google for author”

http://www.google.com/search?q={AUTHOR} &btnG=Google+Search


http://www.google.com/search?q={AUTHOR} &btnG=Google+Search


http://www.google.com/search?q=Narayanan, Ranga&btnG=Google+Search


http://www.google.com/search?q=Narayanan, Ranga&btnG=Google+Search



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Context sensitivity Use journal/ISSN lists to control

presentation Presence of certain data elements

required Option to hide if full text User profiles

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Sometimes links don’t work Presentation of calculated links

based on probabilities Not all articles available online Differences in editorial practices ISSN and title changes Selective coverage of some full text

databases Errors

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Part 2 OpenURL and Link Resolvers

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OpenURL and Link Resolvers

A major step toward realizing promise of linking all library’s resources

OpenURL offers a low barrier for information resources to be compliant

Puts the library in control

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Overview More definitions The problem Link resolvers as a solution The knowledgebase

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Definitions OpenURL

An accepted syntax for describing an item on a URL either by including metadata or by reference using a unique identifier

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Definitions DOI

Digital Object Identifier. An “actionable” identifier that uniquely identifies a digital object such as a journal article. “Actionable” because, with a DOI a URL to an article can be created.

http://dx.doi.org/<DOI>

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Definitions CrossRef

A collaborative service created and maintained by publishers for the purpose of facilitating reference linking.• Registration of article metadata, URLs and

DOIs• A lookup service used by publishers and

link servers for discovering DOIs• A service for resolving a DOI into a URL

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Definitions Source (link)

An online service where the user finds an item-level link.

Target (link)The site or service that is being accessed when the user clicks a link

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EhostDBsEhostDBs

EhostEJSEhostEJS

GoogleGoogle

ISIISI

BritishLibraryBritishLibrary GaleGale

Publishersites

Publishersites

ingentaingenta

Many resources from many vendors

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EhostDBsEhostDBs

EhostEJSEhostEJS

GoogleGoogle

ISIISI


Publishersites

Publishersites

ingentaingenta

Some link to selective resources

User

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EhostDBsEhostDBs

EhostEJSEhostEJS

GoogleGoogle

ISIISI


Publishersites

Publishersites

ingentaingenta

Some link to selective resources

User

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EhostEJSEhostEJS

GoogleGoogle

ISIISI


Publishersites

Publishersites

ingentaingenta

Links inconsistent and management complex

EhostDBsEhostDBs

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EhostDBsEhostDBs

EhostEJSEhostEJS

GoogleGoogle

ISIISI


Publishersites

Publishersites

ingentaingenta

With LinkSource: More comprehensive, easier to manage

Link Server

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EhostDBsEhostDBs

EhostEJSEhostEJS

GoogleGoogle

ISIISI


Publishersites

Publishersites

ingentaingenta

User

A

ALibrary subscribes

Pay per view$$$

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EhostDBsEhostDBs

EhostEJSEhostEJS

GoogleGoogle

ISIISI


Publishersites

Publishersites

ingentaingenta

Appropriate copy linking

User

A

ALibrary subscribes

Pay per view$$$

Link Server

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What is a Link Server?An OpenURL resolver that… Takes a citation as input Enhances the incoming metadata Looks up full text links in a database of links Calculates additional links based on rules and

templates Applies filters and other rules to determine if a

link should show or not Displays a menu of links for the user All this controlled by the institution

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Rule-basedLinks

Library’sCollections

GlobalCollections

OpenURL

Databaseof links

LinkServer

CrossRefPubMed

etc.

2. Enhance metadata

1. Ingest OpenURL request.

3. Look for full text links in database of links, such as CrossRef or

EBSCO Article Matcher

4. Calculate Rule-based links

5. Apply filters to eliminate

unwanted links

6. Prepare and present link

menu

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Demonstration EBSCOhost:

http://search.epnet.com/userlogin.asp?user=sales&password=academic

FirstSearch:http://firstsearch.oclc.org

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Link resolver knowledgebase

Determines how good a link resolver is: Knowledge on how to make links Knowledge how to control links Information kept up-to-date

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Rule-basedLinks

Library’sCollections

GlobalCollections

OpenURL

Databaseof links

LinkServer

CrossRefPubMed

etc.

The knowledgebase

Database of article links and matching logic.

Rules and templates for linking to various

targets

E-journals, aggregations and other content the

library holds

Title lists, coverage and embargo information for

aggregations and packages

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Controlling the link Choose appropriate targets to link to Customize the URLs Customize link text and/or icon Apply filters to control display

Local collection(s) Global collection(s)

Apply additional rules to control display Hide if full text Specify required fields

Use groups or profiles to create link sets

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Myths and confusions…

Q: “Will LinkSource be able to find an article on my hard drive?”

A: No, link resolvers are not search engines and do not search for full text. Links to articles are either stored in a database like CrossRef or can be calculated.

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Q: “Will my link resolver search the entire internet for full text?”

A: No, link resolver’s ability to “discover” full text is not based on a traditional searching. The scope of the discovery is the institution’s pre-selection of link targets with known link syntax.

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Myths and confusions…Q: “After the link resolver has search the

entire internet, how does it know which full text is appropriate to show?”

A: Again, the internet is not searched. The institution picks the full text targets to link to. A common technique of controlling the links is through a list of titles (ISSNs) that the institution determines are appropriate for that target.

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Q: “How does OpenURL know where all my full text is?”

A: The OpenURL ‘standard’ is merely an accepted syntax for carrying citation information on a URL. When an OpenURL is passed to a link resolver, the link resolver uses the institution’s choice of targets to determine which links to show.

Item-level linking & OpenURL: the perspective of a database provider

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