ITC Doc FIN PRINT · Leased Line (ﬁ ber) Leased Line (wire) Leased line (wireless) VSA T Dial up...

Compiled by: Johann Mouton and team • 14 January 2008

Sarua Study on Science & Technology in SADC Countries www.sarua.org

Page 51www.sarua.org

Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) have become a necessary and indispensable tool for higher education institutions all over the world. They aid all the operations of an academic institution including management and administration, teaching and learning and research, and provide a fundamental set of tools for building the knowledge economy.

SADC universities are actively integrating ICTs in all their operations. All the universities have some access to the internet, have developed campus networks, have provided a relatively decent level of computer access to teaching, research and administrative research, have deployed management information systems and have started e-learning initiatives. Despite these best efforts, they are

7 CONCLUSION

constrained in many ways and gaps in infrastructure, systems and capacities exist.

These gaps and constraints are not insurmountable and SARUA has an important role to play in addressing them. The strategy that SARUA should adopt must be one that seeks to strengthen its members existing and on-going efforts and not to duplicate or compete with them. Most importantly, as the ICT landscape is one that evolves and changes rapidly, SARUA must keep in regular contact with its members in order to better understand their needs and demands and appreciate their efforts. Therefore, any strategy or activities that SARUA undertakes must be flexible and continually evaluated to determine that they fit with its members needs.


Sarua Study on Science & Technology in SADC Countries

Page 52 A Status Review of ICT in Universities in the SADC Region

www.sarua.org

APPENDIX 1 - ICT Questionnaire 1.

Na

me

of p

erso

n fi l

ling

in th

is q

uest

ionn

aire

:

2.

Posi

tion

held

:

3.

Facu

lty/ D

epar

tmen

t:

Sect

ion

A: G

ener

al O

rgan

isat

iona

l Det

ails

4.

Nam

e of

Inst

itutio

n

5.

City

, Cou

ntry

6.

Web

site

add

ress

7.

Num

ber o

f ful

l tim

e st

uden

ts

8.

Num

ber o

f par

t tim

e st

uden

ts

9.

Num

ber o

f tea

chin

g an

d re

sear

ch s

taff

10.

Num

ber o

f non

teac

hing

/ ad

min

istra

tive

staf

f

Surv

ey o

f ICT

in th

e SA

DC R

egio

n

High

er E

duca

tion

Inst

itutio

n Qu

estio

nnai

re

Inst

ruct

ions

for C

ompl

etin

g th

e Qu

estio

nnai

re

Plea

se e

nter

all

of y

our

resp

onse

s in

the

tick

boxe

s, ta

bles

or

text

box

es lo

cate

d ne

xt to

eac

h qu

estio

n. I

f po

ssib

le,

com

plet

e th

e qu

estio

nnai

re e

lect

roni

cally

usi

ng M

icro

soft

Wor

d. T

his

shou

ld m

ake

com

plet

ing

the

ques

tionn

aire

eas

ier

for

you,

and

will

als

o fa

cilit

ate

our

anal

ysis

of

the

resp

onse

s.

The

docu

men

t has

bee

n fo

rmat

ted

so th

at y

ou c

an e

nter

you

r res

pons

es o

nly

in th

e tic

k bo

xes

or

the

gray

col

oure

d bo

xes.

To

com

plet

e th

e qu

estio

nnai

re e

lect

roni

cally

go

to th

e fi r

st q

uest

ion

and

use

the

mou

se to

pla

ce th

e cu

rsor

insi

de th

e gr

ay b

ox a

t the

end

of t

he q

uest

ion

(like

the

exam

ple

belo

w).

You

can

then

type

in y

our a

nsw

er.

Sa

mpl

e Qu

estio

n 1:

Wha

t is

toda

y’s d

ate?

Plea

se n

ote

that

the

text

box

es a

re fo

rmat

ted

to e

xpan

d au

tom

atic

ally

to a

ccep

t you

r an

swer

. W

hen

you

have

com

plet

ed th

e fi r

st q

uest

ion,

use

the

mou

se o

r rig

ht a

rrow

key

to m

ove

to th

e ne

xt g

ray

colo

ured

box

and

com

plet

e th

at q

uest

ion.

For

ques

tions

that

req

uire

a Y

es/N

o re

spon

se (

like

the

exam

ple

to th

e rig

ht),

plac

e yo

ur c

urso

r ov

er th

e sm

all b

ox th

at y

ou w

ant t

o tic

k an

d cl

ick

the

mou

se. T

his

will

pla

ce a

n X

in th

e bo

x. If

yo

u ac

cide

ntly

tick

the

wro

ng b

ox, o

r tic

k bo

th b

oxes

, jus

t clic

k on

the

box

agai

n an

d th

e X

will

be

rem

oved

.

Ques

tionn

aire

s th

at a

re c

ompl

eted

ele

ctro

nica

lly s

houl

d be

e-m

aile

d to

ope

ratio

ns@

saru

a.or

g so

th

at th

ey a

rriv

e no

late

r tha

n Fr

iday

, 5th O

ctob

er 2

007.

If yo

u ha

ve a

ny q

uest

ions

reg

ardi

ng th

is q

uest

ionn

aire

or

the

stud

y, p

leas

e co

ntac

t SAR

UA b

y em

ail a

t inf

o@sa

rua.

org

or b

y te

leph

one

on +

27 1

1 71

7 83

81 o

r by

fax

on +

27 1

1 71

7 83

82.

If yo

u w

ould

like

furth

er in

form

atio

n re

gard

ing

SARU

A, p

leas

e vi

sit o

ur w

ebsi

te a

t ww

w.s

arua

.or

g.

Your

tim

e an

d ef

fort

in c

ompl

etin

g th

is q

uest

ionn

aire

are

gre

atly

app

reci

ated

.

Yes

No




Sect

ion

B: IC

T M

anag

emen

t

11.

Do y

ou h

ave

a de

dica

ted/

cen

traliz

ed IC

T un

it?

If

yes,

who

doe

s th

e he

ad o

f the

ICT

unit

repo

rt to

(e.g

. VC,

Dep

uty

VC, e

tc)?

12.

Do y

ou h

ave

a de

dica

ted/

cen

traliz

ed E

-lear

ning

uni

t?

If

yes,

is th

e E-

lear

ning

uni

t sep

arat

e fro

m o

r par

t of t

he IC

T un

it?

13.

Are

ther

e an

y do

nors

who

pay

for,

or h

ave

paid

for,

any

ICT

syst

ems

and

serv

ices

?

If

yes,

ple

ase

nam

e th

e do

nor a

nd d

escr

ibe

the

serv

ices

pai

d fo

r.

14.

Is y

our i

nstit

utio

n pa

rt of

any

regi

onal

ICT

partn

ersh

ip?

Yes

No

Yes

No

Part

of IC

T Un

itSe

para

te

Yes

No

Nam

e of

don

or

Serv

ices

pai

d fo

r

Yes

No

15.

Does

you

r ins

titut

ion

have

any

of t

he fo

llow

ing

polic

ies/

pla

ns?

Polic

y/pl

anYe

sNo

a.

ICT

Polic

yb.

IC

T St

rate

gic

Plan

c.

Ac

cept

able

Use

Pol

icy

(AUP

) for

all

user

sd.

Pr

ivac

y Po

licy

e.

ICT

Secu

rity

Polic

y f.

Band

wid

th M

anag

emen

t Pol

icy

g.

Open

Sou

rce

Polic

y

16.

Mon

itorin

g

Yes

No

a. D

o yo

u m

onito

r you

r int

erne

t ban

dwid

th?

If

yes,

wha

t too

ls/ s

yste

ms

do y

ou u

se to

do

this

?

b. D

o yo

u ha

ve a

ny b

andw

idth

man

agem

ent s

olut

ions

in p

lace

?

c. D

o yo

u m

onito

r you

r cam

pus

netw

ork/

bac

kbon

e?

If

yes,

wha

t too

ls/ s

yste

ms

do y

ou u

se to

do

this

?

d. D

o yo

u sc

an a

nd b

lock

viru

ses

ente

ring

the

netw

ork?

e.

Do y

ou h

ave

any

spam

man

agem

ent i

n pl

ace?

f.

Do y

ou h

ave

any

web

cac

hing

in p

lace

?

17.

Proc

urem

ent

Yes

No

a.

Do y

ou h

ave

ICT

stan

dard

s fo

r all

hard

war

e an

d so

ftwar

e?

b.

Does

the

ICT

unit

proc

ure

all h

ardw

are

and

softw

are

on b

ehal

f of

oth

er d

epar

tmen

ts (i

.e.,

is IC

T

pro

cure

men

t cen

tralis

ed)?

If N

O, is

the

ICT

unit

cons

ulte

d w

hen

othe

r dep

artm

ents

mak

e ha

rdw

are

and

softw

are

purc

hase

s?

18.

Wha

t are

the

top

5 ch

alle

nges

faci

ng th

e IC

T de

partm

ent a

t you

r ins

titiu

tion?

Chal

leng

es

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.




www.sarua.org

Sect

ion

C: In

frast

ruct

ure

and

Conn

ectiv

ity

19.

Plea

se c

ompl

ete

the

tabl

e be

low

rega

rdin

g in

tern

et c

onne

ctiv

ity.

In th

e fi r

st 2

col

umns

, ple

ase

indi

cate

the

type

(s) o

f phy

sica

l con

nect

ion

to th

e in

tern

et th

at y

our

inst

itutio

n ha

s. P

leas

e tic

k al

l the

type

s th

at a

pply.

In th

e m

iddl

e 2

colu

mns

, ple

ase

indi

cate

the

uplin

k an

d do

wnl

ink

spee

d of

eac

h ty

pe o

f con

nect

ion

that

you

r ins

titut

ions

has

.

In th

e la

st 4

col

umns

, ple

ase

indi

cate

whe

ther

the

conn

ectio

n ha

s a

Com

mitt

ed In

form

atio

n Ra

te

(CIR

) and

/or B

urst

ing

Capa

city

.

Type

of p

hysi

cal c

onne

ctio

nUp

link

spee

dDo

wnl

ink

spee

dCI

RBu

rstin

g ca

paci

ty

Yes

NoY e

sNo

Leas

ed L

ine

(fi be

r)

Leas

ed L

ine

(wire

)

Leas

ed li

ne (w

irele

ss)

VSAT

Dial

up

Othe

r, pl

ease

spe

cify

20.

In th

e ta

ble

belo

w, p

leas

e in

dica

te th

e M

ONTH

LY b

andw

idth

COS

T an

d CA

PACI

TY fo

r eac

h ty

pe(s

) of p

hysi

cal c

onne

ctio

n to

the

inte

rnet

that

you

r ins

titut

ion

has.

Type

of p

hysi

cal c

onne

ctio

nM

onth

ly b

andw

idth

CAP

ACIT

YM

onth

ly b

andw

idth

COS

T

Leas

ed L

ine

(fi be

r)

Leas

ed L

ine

(wire

)

Leas

ed li

ne (w

irele

ss)

VSAT

Dial

up

Othe

r: Pl

ease

spe

cify

21.

Plea

se e

stim

ate

wha

t you

r ins

titut

ion

expe

cts

its b

andw

idth

requ

irem

ent w

ill b

e in

5 ye

ars

time:

22.

Wha

t typ

e(s)

of I

CT s

ervi

ce p

rovi

der(

s) d

oes

your

inst

itutio

n us

e? In

the

tabl

e be

low

, ple

ase

tick

all t

he ty

pes

that

app

ly.

Type

of I

CT S

ervi

ce P

rovi

der

Natio

nal R

esea

rch

and

Educ

atio

n Ne

twor

k (N

REN)

Band

wid

th c

onso

rtium

Priv

ate

ISP

Natio

nal T

elec

omVS

AT c

ompa

nyOt

her,

plea

se d

escr

ibe:

23.

Does

you

r ins

titut

ion

have

a c

ampu

s in

tern

et b

ackb

one?

If

yes,

ple

ase

com

plet

e th

e ta

ble

belo

w re

gard

ing

the

type

(s) a

nd th

e ca

paci

ty/ b

andw

idth

of e

ach

back

bone

con

nect

ion

at y

our i

nstit

utio

n.

Type

of B

ackb

one

Conn

ectio

nCa

paci

ty/ B

andw

idth

Fibe

r opt

ic

Copp

er (1

0bas

e t o

r 100

base

T)

Wire

less

24.

Do a

ll of

fi ce

and

teac

hing

/ res

earc

h bu

ildin

gs a

t you

r ins

titut

ion

have

Loc

al A

rea

Ne

twor

ks (L

ANs)

?

If NO

, wha

t per

cent

age

of b

uild

ings

DO

have

LAN

s?

%

If so

me

build

ings

hav

e LA

Ns, w

hat t

ype

of L

AN c

onne

ctio

ns a

re u

sed?

Ple

ase

tick

all t

hat a

pply .

Type

of L

ANFi

ber o

ptic

Copp

er (1

0bas

e t o

r 100

base

T)

Wire

less

25.

How

man

y se

rver

s do

es y

our i

nstit

utio

n ha

ve in

TOT

AL?

26.

How

man

y se

rver

s ar

e ce

ntra

l ser

vers

(i.e

. sha

red

by th

e en

tire

cam

pus)

?

27.

How

man

y se

rver

s ar

e de

partm

enta

l ser

vers

(i.e

. use

d on

ly b

y a

sing

le

de

partm

ent/

facu

lty)?

28.

Do y

ou h

ave

a de

dica

ted

serv

er ro

om(s

)?

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No



5www.sarua.org

If ye

s, p

leas

e co

mpl

ete

the

tabl

e be

low

.

Yes

Noa.

Do

es th

e se

rver

room

(s) h

ave

air c

ondi

tioni

ng?

b.

Does

the

serv

er ro

om(s

) hav

e el

ectri

cal b

acku

p?

If ye

s, w

hat t

ype(

s) o

f ele

ctric

al b

acku

p do

es th

e se

rver

room

hav

e? (P

leas

e tic

k al

l ty

pes

that

app

ly)

Gene

rato

rUP

SSo

lar

Othe

r, pl

ease

spe

cify

:

29.

Plea

se c

ompl

ete

the

tabl

e be

low

rega

rdin

g PC

s at

you

r ins

titut

ion.

How

man

y PC

do

you

have

at y

our i

nstit

utio

n?

Tota

l num

ber o

f PCs

Tota

l num

ber o

f net

wor

ked

PCs

Tota

l num

ber o

f PCs

with

inte

rnet

con

nect

ion

Tota

l num

ber o

f PCs

ded

icat

ed to

stu

dent

s

Tota

l num

ber o

f PCs

ded

icat

ed to

lect

urer

s/ re

sear

cher

s

Tota

l num

ber o

f PCs

ded

icat

ed to

adm

inis

tratio

n

30.

Does

you

r ins

titut

ion

have

a s

chem

e(s)

to p

rovi

de te

achi

ng/ r

esea

rch

staf

f with

per

sona

l

PCs

or la

ptop

s (e

.g. l

oan

or le

ase

sche

me,

neg

otia

ted

cont

ract

with

priv

ate

pr

ovid

er, e

tc.)?

If ye

s, p

leas

e br

iefl y

des

crib

e th

e sc

hem

e(s)

:

31.

Does

you

r ins

titut

ion

have

a s

chem

e(s)

to p

rovi

de s

tude

nts

with

per

sona

l PCs

or l

apto

ps?

If ye

s, p

leas

e br

iefl y

des

crib

e th

e sc

hem

e(s)

:

32.

Does

you

r ins

titut

ion

expe

ct g

radu

ate

and

post

gra

duat

e st

uden

ts to

pur

chas

e th

eir o

wn

pers

onal

PCs

or l

apto

ps?

33.

Do y

ou h

ave

any

volu

me

licen

sing

agr

eem

ents

or o

ther

larg

e ne

gotia

ted

cont

ract

s fo

r PC

and/

or s

erve

r sof

twar

e an

d ap

plic

atio

ns?

If ye

s, p

leas

e pr

ovid

e de

tails

of t

he a

gree

men

t (in

clud

ing

the

vend

ors

nam

e):

34.

Do y

ou h

ave

any

Open

Sou

rce

polic

ies

in p

lace

?

If

yes,

do

thes

e co

ver:

Sect

ion

D: IC

T Us

age

35.

In th

e ta

ble

belo

w, p

leas

e in

dica

te th

e w

ays

your

inst

itutio

n us

es it

s in

tern

et c

onne

ctio

n.

Pl

ease

tick

ALL

cat

egor

ies

that

app

ly.

Way

s th

at y

our i

nstit

utio

n us

es it

s in

tern

et c

onne

ctio

n:Ge

nera

l int

erne

t bro

wsi

ngVo

ice

over

inte

rnet

pro

toco

l (VO

IP)

Vide

o co

nfer

enci

ngEl

ectro

nic

mai

l (em

ail)

Rese

arch

If

you

ticke

d th

e re

sear

ch b

ox, p

leas

e br

iefl y

des

crib

e ho

w th

e in

tern

et is

use

d fo

r re

sear

ch a

t you

r ins

titut

ion:

E-le

arni

ng If yo

u tic

ked

the

e-le

arni

ng b

ox, p

leas

e br

iefl y

des

crib

e ho

w th

e in

tern

et is

use

d fo

r e-

lear

ning

at y

our i

nstit

utio

n:

Othe

r, pl

ease

spe

cify

:

36.

Does

you

r ins

titut

ion

have

an

emai

l dom

ain?

If ye

s, w

hat i

s yo

ur in

stitu

tions

’ em

ail d

omai

n:

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Hard

war

eSo

ftwar

e

Yes

No




www.sarua.org

37.

Does

you

r ins

titut

ion

have

an

e-le

arni

ng p

olic

y?

38.

Does

you

r ins

titut

ion

have

any

e-le

arni

ng a

pplic

atio

ns (e

.g. B

lack

boar

d,

W

ebCT

, etc

.) in

stal

led?

39.

Does

you

r ins

titut

ion

have

any

e-le

arni

ng in

itiat

ives

und

erw

ay o

r pla

nned

?

If ye

s, p

leas

e br

iefl y

des

crib

e th

e e-

lear

ning

initi

ativ

es th

at a

re u

nder

way

or p

lann

ed a

t yo

ur in

stitu

tion:

40.

Whi

ch, i

f any

, of t

he fo

llow

ing

type

s of

Info

rmat

ion

Man

agem

ent S

yste

ms

(IMS)

doe

s yo

ur

inst

itutio

n cu

rren

tly h

ave

inst

alle

d?

Type

of I

MS

Inst

alle

dIf

Yes,

Ple

ase

nam

e th

e sy

stem

and

ver

sion

Yes

NoSt

uden

t man

agem

ent

Stud

ent r

egis

tratio

n

Fi

nanc

ial

Hum

an re

sour

ces

Libr

ary

Othe

r, pl

ease

spe

cify

:

41.

Does

you

r ins

titut

ion

prov

ide

teac

hing

sta

ff w

ith p

rofe

ssio

nal d

evel

opm

ent c

ours

es in

how

to u

se E

-lear

ning

?

If ye

s, p

leas

e br

iefl y

des

crib

e w

hat t

opic

s th

ese

E-le

arni

ng c

ours

es c

over

:

42.

Does

you

r ins

titut

ion

prov

ide

basi

c IT

trai

ning

for t

each

ing

staf

f?

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

43.

Does

you

r ins

titut

ion

prov

ide

basi

c IT

trai

ning

for A

LL s

tude

nts?

44.

Does

you

r ins

titut

ion

prov

ide

basi

c IT

trai

ning

onl

y fo

r stu

dent

s in

SOM

E

depa

rtmen

ts/ f

acul

ties?

If ye

s, p

leas

e in

dica

te w

hich

dep

artm

ents

/ fac

ultie

s pr

ovid

e ba

sic

IT tr

aini

ng fo

r th

eir s

tude

nts:

Sect

ion

E: R

ole

of S

ARUA

45.

Wha

t rol

e(s)

do

you

thin

k SA

RUA

can

best

pla

y in

the

area

of I

CT a

t you

r ins

titut

ion?

Ple

ase

tick

all c

ateg

orie

s th

at a

pply .

Prov

ide

stra

tegi

c ad

vice

Band

wid

th a

ggre

gato

r/ co

nsol

idat

ion

Orga

nise

trai

ning

wor

ksho

ps, e

.g. o

n ba

ndw

idth

man

agem

ent

Assi

st in

cre

atin

g a

regi

onal

Res

earc

h an

d Ed

ucat

ion

Netw

ork

(RRE

N)

Man

age

and

run

a re

gion

al R

EN

Advo

cacy

at t

he n

atio

nal a

nd re

gion

al le

vel

None

at a

ll

Othe

r, pl

ease

spe

cify

:

46.

Plea

se d

escr

ibe

any

othe

r way

s th

at y

ou th

ink

SARU

A ca

n as

sist

you

r ins

titut

ion

in

dev

elop

ing,

impr

ovin

g an

d ut

ilizin

g IC

T:

Than

k yo

u fo

r you

r tim

e an

d ef

fort

in c

ompl

etin

g th

is q

uest

ionn

aire

!

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No




APPENDIX 2- Access to Computng Resources - DetailsNa

me

of u

nive

rsity

Coun

try

Tota

l No

of P

CsTo

tal N

o of

PCs

ne

twor

ked

Tota

l No

of

PCs

with

In

tern

et

PCs

for

Stud

ents

PCs

for

teac

hing

sta

ffPC

s fo

r ad

min

/ Non

te

achi

ng s

taff

Stud

ent:

PC

ratio

Stud

ent:

PC

(full

time

only

)

teac

hing

st

aff:

PCAd

min

/ Non

te

achi

ng: P

C

Rhod

es u

nive

rsity

Sout

h Af

rica

5 50

05

500

5 50

03

500

1 00

01

000

1.69

1.69

0.30

0.70

Man

gosu

thu

Tech

niko

nSo

uth

Afric

a1

000

1 00

01

000

600

200

200

15.3

215

.05

1.11

1.75

Edua

rdo

Mon

dlan

e Un

iver

sity

Moz

ambi

que

2 00

02

000

2 00

075

025

01

000

18.6

718

.67

5.50

2.42

Univ

ersi

ty o

f Job

urg

Sout

h Af

rica

6 50

06

500

5 00

02

200

2 70

01

600

21.9

419

.90

1.11

2.69

Open

uni

vers

ity o

f Tan

zani

aTa

nzan

ia20

015

020

050

100

5024

0.00

-2.

002.

00

Univ

ersi

ty o

f Mal

awi 69

Mal

awi

770

699

689

230

235

105

13.4

413

.44

1.56

5.93

Univ

ersi

ty o

f Gom

aDR

C35

128

88

556

5.25

565.

2523

.63

9.8

Bind

uru

Univ

ersi

tyZi

mba

bwe

800

700

700

450

200

504.

674.

441.

283.

46

Cent

ral U

nive

rsity

of

Tech

nolo

gy, F

ree

Stat

eSo

uth

Afric

a2

398

2 33

12

169

1 51

052

036

86.

945.

611.

231.

50

Nels

on M

ande

la

Met

ropo

litan

Uni

vers

ity

(NM

MU)

Sout

h Af

rica

5 50

05

300

5 30

03

000

1 10

01

200

7.83

5.27

1.45

2.25

Univ

ersi

ty o

f Zam

bia

Zam

bia

2 00

11

800

1 80

090

350

1 45

090

.52

88.7

21.

370.

84

Soko

ine

Univ

ersi

ty o

f Agr

icTa

nzan

ia58

530

030

080

220

285

31.2

531

.25

1.64

2.74

69 Combined responses from College of Medicine, College of Nursing and Polytechnic




www.sarua.org

APPENDIX 3- Connectivity Details

Inte

rnet

Acc

ess

Type

of

conn

ectio

nPr

ovid

erBW

upl

ink

(mbp

s)BW

dow

n (M

bps)

Cost

US$

Cost

per

kbp

sEx

pect

ed

band

wid

th in

5

year

s (M

bps)

Rhod

es u

nive

rsity

Fibe

rNR

EN10

10$4

0 69

7.67

$2.0

31

000

Man

gosu

thu

Tech

niko

nLe

ased

wire

NREN

11

$3 7

79.0

7$1

.89

10Ed

uard

o M

ondl

ane

Univ

ersi

tyLe

ased

fibe

rNa

tiona

l tel

ecom

33

$9 5

00.0

0$1

.58

50

VSAT

VSAT

pro

vide

r2

6$2

0 00

0.00

$2.5

0

Univ

ersi

ty o

f Job

urg

Fibe

rba

ndw

idth

co

nsor

tium

1616

$101

744

.19

$3.1

810

0

Open

uni

vers

ity o

f Tan

zani

aFi

ber

Priv

ate

ISP

0.25

60.

128

$1 6

00.0

0$4

.17

5

Univ

ersi

ty o

f Mal

awi70

le

ased

wire

, VS

ATNR

EN, V

SAT,

pr

ivat

e IS

P0.

704

1.92

$8 2

40$3

.14

114.

5

Univ

ersi

ty o

f Gom

ale

ased

wire

less

Priv

ate

ISP

0.03

20.

064

$300

$3.1

31

Bind

uru

Univ

ersi

tyLe

ased

wire

Natio

nal t

elec

om1

1$5

00.0

2$0

.25

20Ce

ntra

l Uni

vers

ity o

f Te

chno

logy

, Fre

e St

ate

NREN

55

$20

348.

84$2

.03

100

Nels

on M

ande

la

Met

ropo

litan

Uni

vers

ity

(NM

MU)

Leas

ed w

ireBa

ndw

idth

co

nsor

tium

/ Priv

ate

ISP

8.5

8.5

$25

436.

05$1

.50

100

DSL

0.71

28

$872

.09

$0.1

0Un

iver

sity

of Z

ambi

aVS

ATVS

AT c

ompa

ny1

4$2

6 00

0.00

$5.2

080

Soko

ine

Univ

ersi

ty o

f Agr

icLe

ased

wire

Natio

nal t

elec

om0.

256

0.51

2$2

600

.78

$3.3

97

70 Combined responses from College of Medicine, College of Nursing and Polytechnic




African Tertiary Institutions Connectivity Survey (ATICS), IDRC 2006.

Backbone telecommunications infrastructure development initiatives in Southern and East Africa, Final Report, NEPAD eAfrica Commission, 2004.

Broadband Infrastructure in Africa, Background Paper – Session Two, Connect Africa Summit 29-30 October 2007 Kigali, Rwanda.

Campus, National and Regional Research and Education Networks Policy, Regulatory, Infrastructure Process Issues, Adam, L. 2007; presentation made at AAU Vice Chancellors Conference, 24 October 2007 in Tripoli, Libya.

EDUCAUSE Core Data Service Fiscal Year 2006 Summary Report, EDUCAUSE, 2007.

IAU Online Databases, http://www.unesco.org/iau/onlinedatabases/list.html, IAU, 2007.

Optical Fibre for Education and Research Networks in Eastern and Southern Africa, SARUA, 2006.

Optimising Internet Bandwidth in Developing Country Higher Education, infobrief 1: July 2003, INASP, 2003.

Options for Terrestrial Connectivity in Africa, Engval, A. and Hesselmark, O., Report commission by Swedish International Development Agency (SIDA), 2007.

Regional Indicative Strategic Development Plan (RISDP), SADC, 2004.

SARUA Strategic Implementation Plan 2007-2012, SARUA 2006.

TERENA Compendium of National Research and Education Networks in Europe, TERANA 2007 Edition.

“ITS- Integrated Tertiary Software,” ITS Client Institutions, accessed 06/03/08, <http://www.its.co.za/newsletter/pages/content.php?cat=Links> Hoffman, T. Oct 2007, Study: Recruitment, retention issues top CIO concerns, Computer World Inc, accessed 05/03/08, <http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9041358&source=rss_topic60 <http://www.computerworld.com/action/article.do?command=viewArticleBasic&articleId=9041358&source=rss_topic60> > Dragula, P.J. 2005, How to Overcome Technology Integration Barriers, TechLearning, accessed 05/03/08 <http://www.techlearning.com/story/showArticle.php?articleID=159901636 <http://www.techlearning.com/story/showArticle.php?articleID=159901636> > SERENATE- Study into European Research and Education Networking as Targeted by eEurope, Deliverable D10, SERANTE Consortium, http://www.serenate.org/publications/ <http://www.serenate.org/publications/> SERENATE- Study into European Research and Education Networking as Targeted by eEurope, Deliverable D21, SERANTE Consortium <http://www.serenate.org/publications/ <http://www.serenate.org/publications/> >

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The Networked Readiness Index 2006–2007 rankings, World Economic Forum, accessed 05/03/08, <www.weforum.org/pdf/gitr/rankings2007.pdf <http://www.weforum.org/pdf/gitr/rankings2007.pdf> > 2003, Campus network upgrades: Guidelines for the President, EDUCAUSE, accessed 05/06/08, <http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/PUB6007.pdf <http://www.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/PUB6007.pdf> > Regional Communications Infrastructure Program (RCIP), 2007, World Bank Group, accessed 05/03/08, < http://web.worldbank.org/external/projects/main?pagePK=64283627&piPK=73230&theSitePK=282823&menuPK=1786860&Projectid=P094103 <http://web.worldbank.org/external/projects/main?pagePK=64283627&piPK=73230&theSitePK=282823&menuPK=1786860&Projectid=P094103> > Issue No 299, Balancing Act News Update, accessed 05/03/08, http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_299.html <http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_299.html> Issue No 357, Balancing Act News Update, accessed 05/03/08, http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_357.html <http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_357.html> Issue No 346, Balancing Act News Update, accessed 05/03/08, http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_346.html <http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_346.html> Issue No 330, Balancing Act News Update, accessed 05/03/08, http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_330.html <http://www.balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_330.html> Issue No 370, Balancing Act News Update, accessed 05/03/08, http://balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_370.html <http://balancingact-africa.com/news/back/balancing-act_370.html>

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