ITBIS105 1
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Transcript of ITBIS105 1
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• Avoid hackers and viruses • Protect your privacy• Understand the real privacy and security
risks• Use the Internet wisely• Avoid online annoyances• Maintain your computer• Make good purchase decisions • Integrate the latest technology
Being a Savvy Computer User and Consumer
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Digital Home
• In a digital home, you can control home systems from your computer and via the Internet.
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Digital Home - Components
• Media computer with:– TV tuner– Radio tuner– Media software– Blu-ray, DVD, and/or CD– Network adapter
– A network– A digital television– A digital media
adapter– A universal remote
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• The on/off state of a switch represents one bit of data.
• Bit (binary digit)– On = 1– Off = 0
OFF
0
Switches Representing Data
ON
1
01
OR = 1 bit
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Bits and Bytes: The Language of Computers
• Bit– Binary digit– 0 or 1
• Byte– 8 bits
• Each letter, number, and character = a string of eight 0s and 1s
0000 1111Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Representing Letters and Symbols
• American Standard Code for Information Interchange (ASCII)– 8 bits = 1 byte = alphanumeric character or
symbol– 256 different combinations
• Unicode– 16 bits equal 1 byte– 96,000 different combinations; used for all
languagesCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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How Much Is a Byte?
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Mice• Optical mouse
– Needs no mouse pad– Doesn’t need cleaning– Is more expensive
• Trackball– Easier on wrists– Stays stationary on desk
• Wireless – Uses radio or light waves
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New Mouse Features• Instant viewer• Magnifier• Customizable
buttons• Web search
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Monitor Types• CRT (Cathode-Ray
Tube)– Less expensive– Uses much more space– Uses more energy– Offers better viewing angles– Legacy technology
• LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)– More expensive– Uses far less space– More energy efficient– Less viewable from an angle
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The Front Panel• Power control• Drive bays• Memory card
reader• Productivity ports
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Power Controls
• Power-on button: Turns on system, should not be used to turn it off
• Other options: – Sleep mode– Hibernation– Warm boot
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Inputting Sound• Microphones are
used for:– Podcasts– Video-
conferencing– Internet phone
calls– Speech
recognition
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Other Input Devices• EPOS Digital Pen• Webcam
– Live video
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Input Devices for the Physically Challenged
• Visual impairments– Voice recognition– Keyboards with large keys– On-screen keyboards
• Motor control issues– Special trackballs– Head-mounted devices
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Storage Media Capabilities
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On the Back
• Ports for peripherals• Types of ports:
– Serial and parallel– Audio and video– USB– FireWire– Connectivity
• Ethernet• Modem
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Inside the System Unit
• Essential electronic components used to process data
• Types of components:– Power supply– Hard disk drive– Motherboard– CPU– Expansion cards
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The Motherboard
• CPU• RAM• Expansion
cards and slots
• Built-in components
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Memory Module
• Random access memory (RAM)• Stores instructions and data• Temporary (volatile) storage• Operates in nanoseconds
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Setting It All Up: Ergonomics
• Ergonomics: minimizing injury or discomfort while using the computer
• Steps to follow:– Position monitor correctly.– Use adjustable chair.– Assume proper position while typing.– Take breaks.– Ensure adequate lighting.
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Ergonomics and Mobile DevicesMobile devices present ergonomic challengesErgonomic “Disease” Cause
Blackberry thumb Thumb typing without breaks or stretching can cause DeQuervains’ tendinitis in the thumbs.
iPod deafness Listening through ear buds for prolonged periods at a volume of 80 decibels or more can cause deafness.
Cellular blindness Extended viewing on tiny screens can cause eye strain and/or dry eyes.
Laptop thighs Resting a laptop directly on your lap for extended periods of time can result in 1st and 2nd degree burns.
Laptop shoulder Large, heavy, one-strap laptop bags can result in neck, shoulder, and back pain and/or strain.
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Internet Communications
• Instant messaging• Podcasts• Blogs and vlogs• Webcasts• Wikis • Voice over Internet (VoIP) • E-mail
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Social Networks
• Social networks: online personal networks– MySpace.com and Facebook.com
• Members share common interests.• Members communicate by voice, chat, IM,
video, and blogs. • Members create personalized profiles. • Growth has been explosive. • Risks must be recognized and reduced.Copyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Group Communication
• Internet social networks • Multiplayer online game services• Chat rooms• Newsgroups• Listservs
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URLs
• URL:– Uniform Resource Locator– Unique Web site address
URL
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Application Software
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Buying Software• Software may be purchased
– Through retail stores– Online– At computer shows– Through catalogs
• Preinstalled software • Web-based application software
– Hosted on a Web site – Requires no installation on your computer
• Discounted softwareCopyright © 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
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Freeware and Shareware
• Freeware: Copyrighted software you can get free• Beta versions: Programs still under development • Shareware: Software that allows users to run it for a
limited time free of charge• Open source:
free to use
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Wired Ethernet Networks
• Ethernet network adapters are used to connect nodes– NIC card– PC card– USB adapter
• Computers are connected to each other using unshielded twisted pair cable
Ethernet
Phone
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How Computers Are Attacked• Trojan horse• Backdoor program
– Zombies• Denial of service
attacks (DoS)• Distributed denial
of service attacks (DDoS)
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The CPU Machine Cycle• Fetch
– The program’s binary code is “fetched” from its temporary location in RAM and moved to the CPU.
• Decode– The program’s binary code is decoded into commands that
the CPU understands.• Execute
– The ALU performs the calculations.• Store
– The results are stored in the registers.
“Inside the Chip” by Intel
Video Clip
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Making Computers Faster• Pipelining: The CPU processes more than one
instruction at a time
Fetch Decode Execute
Store
Fetch Decode Execute
Store
Instruction 1
Instruction 2
Nonpipelined CPU
Fetch Decode Execute
Store
Fetch Decode Execute
Store
Fetch Decode Execute
Store
Fetch Decode Execute
Store
Instruction 1
Instruction 2
Instruction 3
Instruction 4
Pipelined CPU
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Cache Memory• Small amount of memory
located on or near the CPU chip
• Stores recent or frequently used instructions and data
• Used for quick access by the CPU
• Different levels of cache
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Client/Server Networks
• Server-based network– Clients and servers
• Data flows efficiently • Servers respond to
requests from clients• Servers perform specific
tasks• Scalable• Centralized
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Classifications of Client/Server Networks
• LAN– Local area
network– Computers
linked over a small geographic region
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Classifications of Client/Server Networks
• WAN– Wide area
network– Computers linked
over large geographic locations
• MAN– Metropolitan area
network– Computers linked
within a city or county
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Classifications of Client/Server Networks
• PAN– Personal area network– Wireless devices connected in close proximity to
each other• Intranet
– Private corporate network– Protected by a firewall
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Classifications of Client/Server Networks
• Extranets– Only certain corporations or individuals can access– Useful for enabling electronic data interchange– Use virtual private networks for security
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Avoiding Data Collisions on an Ethernet Network
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