İSTANBUL’S WATER SUPPLYChallenges and Solutions-

Past, Present and the Future

Dr. A. Saatçı

SUEN

Turkish Water Institute

ISTANBUL –City of 13 Million

ISTANBUL’S PAST POPULATION

y = 3E-14x5.8186

R² = 0.8035

0

200000

400000

600000

800000

1000000

1200000

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

ISTANBUL’S FUTURE POPULATION50 Mill in 2050

y = 2E-204x63.851

R² = 1

-

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

60,000,000

1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2060

Two Bridges Connecting Europe to Asia

Past

WATER BUDGET

Precipitation Received by Reservoirs

Treated Water Pumped to the City

Water Consumed in the European andAsian Sides

Water in 10 Surface Reservoirs (2012)

WATER PRICES

WATER RATES TL/ m3 (w/o VAT) 01.01.2012

• Domestic 3,16 TL = 1.7 USD• Offices 6,77 TL = 3.6 USD• Industry & constructn sites : 7,04 TL = 3.7 USD• House construction sites: 3,91TL = 2.1 USD• Municipalities: 3,12 TL = 1.7 USD• Village Rate (House): 0,82 TL = 0.4 USD• Village Rate(Office) 2,08 TL = 1.1 USD

• 2 165 000 m3/d of water consumed on 06-01-2012

Historical Water Supplies

• Emperor Hadrian (117-138) brought water from locations close to the castle walls

• Emperor Valens'in (364-378) constructed two aqueducts to bring water from Halkalı to Beyazidlocation.

• Water was brought to the city using pressurized transmission lines in 1885 by a private company.

• The first government Water Administration was established in 1933.

HISTORICAL WATER SUPPLIES

Valens Aquaduct

Valens Aquaduct

Yerebatan Cistern542 AC Justinianus (527-565)

YEREBATAN CISTERN

YEREBATAN CISTERN (9.800 m2, 9 m columns)

OTTOMAN TIMES

• 16 water ways totaling 130 km

• 4 main aqueducts: Mazul, Kara, Ali Paşa, Bozdoğan

• 33 Aqueducts including 36 m high, 258 m long Mağlova Aqueduct

• Supplied water to a population of 150-200 000 people.

City Fountains

Water Fountains

OTTOMAN TIMES

Bozdoğan Kemeri

PRESENT:ISTANBUL RESERVOIRS

Water in 10 Surface Reservoirs (2012)

PRESENT:ISTANBUL WATER TREATMENT PLANTS

Istanbul Wastewater Treatment Plants

Deep Sea Discharges into Bhosphorus

Bhosphorous Modelling

http://moma.ims.metu.edu.tr/index.php?option=com_content&view=article

&id=5&Itemid=42&lang=

Deep Sea Discharge into Marmara Layer

Future Water Supply of İstanbul:MELEN Project

MELEN PROJECT:187 km 2500 mm pipeline, 1.80 mill

m3/d, 1.18e9 USD

MELEN PROJECT 190 km , 2500mm

BHOSPHOROUS TUNNEL

Istanbul Water Supply Project: Melen

• The first phase of Melen Project is 1.18 billion $

• Two credit packages (Total 900 million $) were obtained form Japan

• The project will supply 268 million m3 water at the end of the first stage and

• 1,117 billion m3/yr water at the end of the third stage. (about 3 Mm3/d, the water demand of Istanbul until the year 2040 )

MELEN POMPA

İSTASYONU

MELEN TERFİ DEPOSU

YEŞİLVADİ GEÇİŞİ

KAĞITHANE ARITMA TESİSİ

CUMHURİYET ARITMA TESİSİ

CUMHURİYET TERFİ DEPOSU

CUMHURİYET POMPA İSTASYONU

BOĞAZİÇİ TÜNELİ

MELEN REGÜLATÖRÜ

SP - 1

SP - 2

SP - 3

SP - 4

SP - 5

SP - 7

SP - 6

SP - 1

MELEN İŞ PAKETLERI

DSİ XIV.Bölge Müdürlüğü 8 Ocak 2013

BÜYÜK İSTANBUL İÇMESUYU PROJESİMELEN SİSTEMİ

OJSCALKE-STFA

120 MILLION $

Water transfered from Melen andYesilçay Projects

Prevention of the pollution of the Ömerli Reservoir

Ömerli Reservoir in Istanbul

• Watershed zone: 621 km2

• Reservoir Capacity: 387 M m3

• Yearly Renewal Capacity: 220 Mm3/year

• Plays a crutial role in the ambicious Melen Project

WTP

STP

PKöy STP & Ömerli WTPs

Ömerli Water Treatment Plants

Ömerli-Orhaniye and Muradiye WTPs

Ömerli Intake

Omerli Intakes

Ömerli- Intake Tower

Intake from different reservoir levels

Anaerobik

Fe++, Mn +4

Aerobik

Fe+++, Mn +6

Algae (Ömerli)

Secci Disk

Alg

Klorof-a

P

Secci Diski

Alg

Klorof-a

The effluent is pumped through a tunnel to the Riva Creek

WTP

STP

Ömerli Reservoir Water Shed Zone

Ömerli Watershed Zone

Solution:A Simple STP

Paşaköy WWTP

Paşaköt WWTP and Ömerli Rezervoir

Paşaköy Pump Station

Paşaköy Pump Station

Paşaköy AAT

4 * 10 000 m3

Q = 100 000 m3/dBOD5= 161 mg/L

Paşaköy 100 AAT

First Paşaköy AAT (2000)

First and Second Paşaköy STPs

Paşaköy Wastewater Treatment Plant

Pasakoy STP- II

Riva Creek

Riva Creek

Riva - Black Sea

Thank You