Issue Discussion: Accelerator Applications

Stuart Henderson

Fermilab

Superconducting Particle Accelerator Forum of the Americas

November 13, 2012

Particle Accelerators Impact Our Lives

2Discovery Science

Medicine

National Security

Industry

Energy and Environment

Accelerators and Beams

Applications: Now

Industry• Ion implantation• E-beam processing

Medical• Cancer therapy• Medical isotope production

Security• Cargo scanning/screening

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All the products that are processed, treated or inspected by particle beams have an annual value

exceeding US$500B.

See “Industrial Accelerators & Their Applications”, edited by R. W. Hamm & M. E. Hamm, World Scientific Publishing, 2012.

Applications of the Future?

Industrial/Environmental• E-beam treatment of

water, sewage, flue gas• Needs:

Compact and Reliable High beam power Energy efficient

Medical• Very compact sources of

electrons/x-rays/protons• Carbon therapy• Needs:

Compact machine and gantry

Controls and instrumentation4

Energy• Accelerator Driven Systems

Little or no federal interest

• Needs• Very high reliability

Security• THz radiation sources• Defense and detection • Needs

Compact Multiple probes Fieldable, rugged

Feedback

Connecting the Dots: From Science to Application

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Discussion Topics

• Jim S: “Get out of the Ivory Tower of labs and mix it up with industry”

• How can IARC help you develop the next applications?

• Are there other applications that are on your radar screen?

• What do you see as the opportunities that can benefit from IARC and Fermilab collaboration?

• How can we develop that feedback loop?

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Accelerators are Essential Tools in Industry

A wide-range of industrial applications makes use of accelerator-produced beams for

S. Henderson, SPAFOA, June 20, 2012

Semiconductor (chip) manufacturing Cross-linking and polymerization for tires,

rubber, plastics Sterilization of medical products Food irradiation for disinfection, extension

of shelf-life or sterilization Welding/hardening, cutting and drilling High energy X-ray inspection

There are ~20,000 industrial accelerators

Annual Market for industrial accelerator systems: $1.9 B

Annual value of all products that make use of accelerator technology: $500B

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Applied Materials, Inc.

Accelerators are Essential Tools for Medical Treatment and Diagnosis

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Tens of millions of patients receive accelerator-based diagnoses and treatments each year

50 medical isotopes, used for diagnosis and treatment, are routinely produced with accelerators

• There are ~9000 medical accelerators in operation in the world• Annual market for medical accelerator systems: $4 B

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Siemens Eclipse Cyclotron (11 MeV) marketed for PET isotope production

Accelerators for National Security

Accelerators are used for cargo scanning and “active interrogation” to detect special materials

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…and in Nuclear Defense: stockpile stewardship, materials characterization, radiography, and support of non-proliferation

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Dual Axis Radiographic Hydrodynamic Test Facility, Los Alamos

Accelerators in Discovery Science

From understanding the building blocks of

matter…

…to the way biology works…

…to art history…Van Gogh, Patch of

Grass, 1887

Atomic structure of ribosomal subunit

Nearly 30% of Nobel Prizes in Physics since 1939 utilized or were influenced by accelerators (39 of 141)

On average accelerator-motivated research yields a Nobel Prize every 3 years

4 of last 14 Nobel Prizes in Chemistry for research utilizing accelerator facilitiesS. Henderson, SPAFOA, June 20, 2012

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What Are the Applications of the Future?

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DOE Office of Science Research is Building the Foundation for Tomorrow’s Accelerator Applications

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Accelerators for the Environment

• Accelerators can • purify drinking water and treat waste

water• disinfect sewage sludge, • clean power-plant emissions by

removing NOX and SOX from flue gases with high efficiency

• R&D on new technologies, such as those based on superconducting radiofrequency accelerators, may lead to better and more cost-effective approaches

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Accelerators for Energy

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Accelerators play a pivotal role in the nation’s energy future by serving as essential tools for materials characterization at the DOE-SC user facilities

Accelerators have tremendous potential – largely untapped thus far – in the Energy Sector:• Accelerator Driven Subcritical Reactors (based on superconducting

particle accelerators) can transmute nuclear waste so it is much safer and simpler to store, while at the same time generating electrical power This technology is actively pursued in Europe, China, India

• Future nuclear plants require materials capable of withstanding very harsh radiation environments. Accelerator-based irradiation facilities can provide realistic test-beds

• Generating electrical power from nuclear fusion by utilizing particle accelerators

MYRRHA Accelerator Driven Reactor Project, Mol, Belgium

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Accelerators for National Security and Defense

Accelerators based on superconducting radio-frequency technology are being developed to produce high power laser beams for defense

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Accelerator laboratories and technologies have the potential to make significant contributions to the needs

of defense and security

New accelerators are under development to produce “Terahertz” radiation sources for scanning

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Accelerators for Medical Applications

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Radioisotope production

• Particle accelerators already are used to produce ~50 medical isotopes. New high power accelerators based on superconducting radio-frequency technology can be used to solve specific problems: Tenuous supply chain for clinically relevant fission-produced radioisotopes

such as 99Mo/99mTc (most commonly used radioisotope) Production of new clinically relevant isotopes

Beam therapy

• Researchers are exploring the potential of carbon ion beams for cancer therapy

Higher biological effectiveness Superior dose distribution

• The U.S. does not have a carbon therapy facility, whereas several have been built oversees

S. Henderson, SPAFOA, June 20, 2012

Accelerators for Medical Applications

There is much activity at the labs to develop new, compact types of particle accelerators which have the potential for very compact (and less expensive) sources of x-rays, electrons and protons for cancer therapy and other applications

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W. Leemans, LBNL

One billion volt accelerator (1.3

inches long)Concept for compact proton therapy accelerator, LLNL

Accelerator Technology for Discovery ScienceDOE-SC’s programs in accelerator R&D enable the next generation scientific user facilities that will lead to tomorrow’s discoveries

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NOvALong-Baseline Neutrino Expt.

Project X

Next-Generation Light Source, LBNL

Muon to Electron Conversion

NSLS-II, BNL

12 GeV Upgrade, TJNAF

Making the Connections: the Illinois Accelerator Research Center (IARC)

IARC is a new facility, expected to come online in FY15, depending on funding

IARC is a partnership between the DOE and State of Illinois with a mission to bring together Industry, Universities and Fermilab to develop, demonstrate and transfer accelerator technology to solve problems of national importance in medicine, industry, energy, environment, security and discovery science

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Summary

• Accelerator Technology developed at the laboratories through DOE/High Energy Physics and the other SC programs will have a tremendous impact on Discovery Science

• But those same breakthroughs will have a reach that goes far beyond, benefitting society in direct and tangible ways by enabling transformative approaches in medicine, energy, environment, industry and national security

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